when, until / till, after, before, as, as long as, as soon as, no sooner... than, hardly ...

when,
scarcely ... when, once, by the time, the moment, whenever, while,

· Ocean “dead zones” form when plankton die and get eaten by bacteria - a process that uses up
much of the available oxygen.

· When we are unable to find what we need in nature, we make it.

· Until the Middle Ages, the types of grain that people cultivated contained far smaller amounts of
gluten than the crops we grow today.

· Until an antidote can be developed for the new strain’s toxin, the scientists at the California
Department of Public Health who discovered the strain have decided not to release any genetic
blueprints.

· I'll remember you as long as I live. (see As)

· The Fields medal is awarded once every four years to at most four people.

Time · Once your face, iris or DNA profile becomes a digital file, that file will be difficult to protect.

· In the animal kingdom, some creatures are smarter than others. Birds, in particular, exhibit many
remarkable skills once thought to be restricted to humans: Magpies recognize their reflection in a
mirror, …

· By the time Halbert confirmed the presence of the disease, it had already spread with devastating
speed.

· Some of these children may be identified as having a different developmental disorder by the
time they enter kindergarten, but the inaccurate label of autism remains.

· I ignore my phone when it rings while I’m driving.

· Dager and her team gave the young people lists of words and word pairs to study while recording
their brain activity.

· We are exploring why some glass can be bulletproof, while a wineglass shatters at the slightest
provocation. (not time!)

because, since, as, seeing that, because of the fact that, due to the fact that, owing to the fact
that, on account of the fact that, in view of the fact that, in asmuch as, on the grounds that, in
that, now that

· Because these particles are so small, the tiniest bits of metal, known as nanoparticles, can
travel deep into the lungs.

· This idea seemed crazy at the time because no one had ever seen an antiparticle.

· He adds, jokingly, “We’re in the middle. Since we’re getting attacked equally from both sides,
we must be right.”

· Asimov’s weirdest prophesies concern our desperate suffering “from the disease of boredom,”
Reason
once robotics and automation have taken away most of our jobs. “The lucky few who can be
involved in creative work of any sort will be the true elite of mankind, for they alone will do more
than serve a machine.”

· Most animal cooperation is self-organized in that individuals fulfill roles according to their
capacities.

· Roberts says: “Cooking is a lot like anything in that the more you make a routine out of it, the
easier it becomes.

· Now that we have the computing power, we can finally take advantage of the full predictive
potential of quantum mechanics.

although, even though, though, whereas, even if, while, despite the fact that, in spite of
the fact that

· Although the visual cortex is primarily concerned with vision, it is perfectly capable of
interpreting other sensory information as well.

Although medicine has advanced far enough to treat basic headaches, strained muscles
and the agony of having a cavity filled, inflammatory pain-the kind that results from
osteoarthritis, bone cancer and back injuries-has proved to be a far more elusive target.

· Although gluten sensitivity and celiac disease share many symptoms, the former is
generally less severe.

· The primary established danger of nicotine is that the stimulant is highly addictive,
although emerging science also links it to an impaired immune system.

· By studying the genes of these various microbes -collectively referred to as the

microbiome- investigators have identified many of the most common residents,
although these can vary greatly from person to person and among different human
populations.

· Even though nations may differ in their levels of technological output, it is possible to
compare how efficient they are at exploiting scientific research.

Contrast · Most experts have long assumed that extreme hoarding is a variant of
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), even though most recent research suggests
otherwise.

· Whereas the motion of atoms in solids, liquids and gases can be described by the
classical principles of Newtonian mechanics, the behavior of electrons is quantum.

· Some technologies could find their way into medical practice in the next few years,
whereas some will take a decade or more.

· Despite the fact that researchers have built large-scale automated-sensor networks
all over the world to monitor virtually every aspect of our environment (atmospheric
carbon, stream flows, rainfall, nitrogen pollution), some data collection still requires
humans.

· Even if calorie restriction does not help anyone live longer, a large portion of the data
supports the idea that limiting food intake reduces the risks of diseases common in old
age and lengthens the period of life spent in good health.

· Nearsightedness often enhances people’s auditory and spatial skills even if they wear
glasses (which leave a good part of the visual periphery blurry).

· We are exploring why some glass can be bulletproof, while a wineglass shatters at the
slightest provocation.

so that, in order that, in case, lest, for fear that

· The researchers genetically modified a group of worms so that they produced high levels
of certain free radicals.

Purpose · In another current approach, a pill called fingolimod prevents white blood cells called
lymphocytes from leaving the lymph nodes and entering the circulation, so that they
cannot reach the brain and spinal cord. Because the drug does not destroy these cells, they
can still perform many of their important roles in normal immunity, and patients can fight
off ordinary infections.

ADVERBIAL · No feature of the mind is as important, controversial, and mysterious as intelligence.

Clauses · The authors suggest that the brain may perceive large objects as background and
time-place-reason- subsequently may try to ignore their movements.
contrast-result-
· Secreted by the pancreas, insulin circulates throughout the body , facilitating the
purpose-manner- absorption of glucose (cellular energy) from the blood. Like cells in other parts of the body,
condition... neurons use the glucose that insulin provides as fuel.

· Intention matters in our moral judgments, as we intuitively realize and many studies
confirm.

· In dozens of known cases, caregivers have entered information into the wrong chart or
listed important details - such as drug dosages- incorrectly.

· To protect their self-esteem, people may create excuses for poor performance such as “I
didn’t try hard” or “I was tired, sick or upset,” believing that such explanations suggest
they could have done well under other circumstances.

· Using such discoveries as the sawtooth betting pattern, researchers are partnering with
casinos and online gaming sites to prevent people from losing too much or developing an
addiction.

· If a past ordeal continues to trouble you, try writing about it as if it happened to

somebody else. (Therapy in Third Person)

· Recovering drug and alcohol addicts tend to gain a lot of weight- as if replacing their drug
with food.

· Are we really living in the age of too much information, or do all generations feel like this?
Good question. It seems like human nature to feel as though what’s happening now is
unique.

· Sepsis is a serious and often deadly illness, yet it remains an unfamiliar threat to most of
the general public, as well as one of the most difficult diseases for doctors to diagnose and
treat.

· In the meantime, Frostig and his colleagues are investigating whether other types of
sensory input can protect the brain as well.

· Apparently- as in everything else- moderation is key when it comes to answering wo rk

As e-mails from home.

· In psychiatry as in everyday life, there are no easy fixes or cures.

· As for why C. gattii caused no outbreaks until recently despite being in the vicinity for at
least 40 years, one possibility is climate change.

· “Orphan chimpanzees can grow up to become relatively socially competent,” van Leeuwen
says, “as long as they have a chance to live their lives freely in a large and appropriate
environment with many others.”

· Researchers limited half the volunteers to only seven minutes of study time; the other half
could review the text for as long as they liked.

· Tsunami waves can be as long as 60 miles (100 kilometers) and as far as one hour
apart.

· The tragedy of Communist leader Nicolae Ceausescu’s policy to increase the national birth
rate led to as many as 100,000 abandoned children in Romania in 1999.

· In countries such as India, where there can be as few as one dentist per quarter of a
million residents in rural areas and where oral cancer accounts for more than 40 percent of
all cancer-related deaths, OScan has the potential to save many lives.

· Intranasal insulin could be available to Alzheimer’s patients as early as 2017.

· Pride, too, compels us to try harder so as to feel good about ourselves and to secure high
status.

· The first step towards solving this problem is to develop more flexible patient-consent
procedures so as to allow the broad use of anonymized clinical data in research.

· The results indicate that star production increased dramatically over time, just as
theoretical modeling predicted.

· Just as a car tire bulges where it has been damaged, the human heart swells where it has
been scarred.

· Eliminating the NSA’s massive data stores is only one step toward guaranteeing privacy in
a data-rich world. Safeguarding the transmission and storage of our information through
encryption is perhaps just as important.

the more ... , the more ..., to the extent that, to the degree that,
in so far as, as... so

· “Cooking is a lot like anything in that the more you make a routine out of it, the
easier it becomes.

Degree · The more students had been schooled in economics, the more positively they viewed
greed.

· Virtually anyone can become more resilient through disciplined, consistent practice.
The more we activate specific brain areas through our behavior, the more neural
connections form in those areas, enabling the neurons involved to transmit their
messages more efficiently.

if, only if, suppose X happens, if X should happen, assuming that, in the event that,
unless, as long as / so long as, provided (that), providing (that), whether... or, if it
hadn't been for, if it weren't for, but for (=if it weren't for)

· If humans are like rats, then dieters who break a strict diet with a binge may be
putting themselves at risk for addiction.

· Some experts say that if society were to embrace the idea that sugary, fatty foods are
dangerous enough to be taxed, regulated and avoided the way cigarettes are today, we
would have a better chance of reversing the obesity epidemic.

· I told the doctor all about my strange commentator. During my explanation, the Voice
(in my head) was silent. If it had spoken , it probably would have said : “She is
digging her own grave.”

· The birds whose nests were destroyed by machinery would have been spared if
planting were delayed until June 1. (mixed type)
Conditionals
· If you would have asked physicists 10 years ago, most would have guessed that
by now we should have already found evidence of superpartners.

· Temperatures above zero degrees C would seem perfectly adequate for liquid water,
were it not for the thin Martian air, which forces pure water to rapidly evaporate or
even boil away.

· The results suggested that advertising effects are short-lived. Perhaps the effects
would have lasted longer than a week had the ads revealed memorable damning
information about the opponent.

· We’ll never tackle climate change unless we take into account how humans assimilate
unwelcome information.

· Unless your patient is extremely depressed, you shouldn’t be prescribing an

antidepressant.”

Adverbial Clauses_2015 YDS Kursu.mmap - 06.11.2014 - Mindjet