Business Research Methodology

INTRODUCTION

The research methodology employed by the researcher to achieve the objectives of

the study. This report deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data collected
based on the frame of reference of this thesis.

Descriptive statistics is the most basic form of statistics and is used to describe the
demographic characteristics of the sample selected for the study. In our survey we
have considered descriptive statistics of the 100 participants.

Further various methods like T-test, chi-square, ANOVA etc. are used by us to draw
inferences about the sample under study.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the present study is to find out the mindset of the people going
to gym. The present research has six objectives and 12hypotheses to ascertain the
socio-psychological factors which contribute to the people experience going to the
gym.

The report deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The analysis
presents descriptive statistics of the respondents (n=100) in terms of their
demographic characteristics. It presents the results of t test done to find out the
significance of difference between male and female employees, married and
unmarried, employees with regard to the selected sociopsychological variables under
study. It presents the results of ANOVA by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
ANOVA is done to find out the relation between demographic variables and people
behaviour.

1. TESTING OF 1ST HYPOTHESIS

X1= Average of Females

X2 = Average of Males

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the average of male and
female and their frequency of going to gym

X1=X2
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the average of male
and female their frequency of going to gym

X1 ≠ X2

To test this hypothesis the significance of difference between the mean scores of
male and female with respect to the six socio-psychological variables considered in
the present study was found out. The results are summarized-

Group Statistics
Gende Std. Std. Error
r N Mean Deviation Mean
What is your Femal
37 2.46 .803 .132
frequency of e
exercise in a week Male 63 2.73 .807 .102

Independent Samples Test

  t-test for Equality of
Means
t df Sig.
(2-
taile
d)
What is Equal - 98 .108
your varianc 1.62
frequen es 2
cy of assume
exercise d
in a Equal - 75.93 .108
week varianc 1.62 2
es not 5
assume
d

Descriptive Statistics

X1= 2.46 N1= 37

X2= 2.73 N2= 63

Standard Deviation
SD 1= .803

SD 2= .807

Coefficient of variation of female= SD/Mean * 100 = 32.6%

Coefficient of variation of male= SD/Mean * 100 = 29.5%

Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .108 which is greater than .05; therefore, we will not accept the alternate
hypothesis.

This concludes that the average of females is not significantly higher than the average
of males.

2. TESTING OF 2nd HYPOTHESIS

X1= Average of Females

X2 = Average of Males

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the average of male and
female in relation with level of Motivation from going to gym.

X1=X2

Alternate Hypothesis: There is significant difference between the average of male and
female in relation with level of Motivation from going to gym.

X1 ≠ X2

To test this hypothesis the significance of difference between the mean scores of
male and female with respect to level of significance variables considered in the
present study was found out. The results are summarized-

Group Statistics
Gende Std. Std. Error
r N Mean Deviation Mean
If I do not exercise, I Femal
37 2.08 1.064 .175
will lose all my e
motivation Male 63 2.30 1.265 .159
 Independent Samples Test
t-test for Equality of Means

Sig. (2-
  t df tailed)
If I do not Equal variances assumed
-.891 98 .375
exercise I
will lose all Equal variances not
my assumed -.932 86.135 .354
motivation

Descriptive Statistics

X1= 2.08 N1= 37

X2= 2.30 N2= 63

Standard Deviation

SD 1= 1.064

SD 2= 1.265

Coefficient of variation of female= SD/Mean * 100 = 51.15%

Coefficient of variation of male= SD/Mean * 100 = 55.00%

Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .375 which is greater than .05; therefore, we will not accept the alternate
hypothesis.

This concludes that the average of females is not significantly higher than the average
of males in relation with motivation of going to gym.

3. TESTING OF 3rd HYPOTHESIS

 Hypothesis 1 = There is no significant relationship between Relationship status
and frequency of going to gym
Hypothesis 2 = There is significant relationship between Relationship status and
frequency of going to gym

Relationship Status
Marrie
d Single Others Total
What is your 0 days 3 3 1 7
frequency of 1-3
exercise in a week 13 22 2 37
days
3-5
16 26 0 42
days
5-7
6 8 0 14
days
Total 38 59 3 100

Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.955a 6 .428
Likelihood Ratio 6.094 6 .413
Linear-by-Linear
.823 1 .364
Association
N of Valid Cases 100
Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .428 which is greater than .05; therefore, there is a significant and positive
relationship between the relationship status and frequency of going to the gym. The
alternate hypothesis would be accepted in this situation.

4. TESTING OF 4th HYPOTHESIS

H1= There is no significant relationship between reason for going to gym and other
people’s perception.

Hypothesis 2 = There is significant relationship between reason for going to gym and
other people’s perception.
 If I do not exercise T
people will think bad ot
of me al
Nei
Stro the
ngly r Ag
Disa Disa Agr re
  gree gree ee e
Wha Fitness 4
4 14 20 3
t is and Health 1
your Festivals/ 3
6 11 15 4
reas Weddings 6
on Competitio 2
5 7 6 4
for n 2
Exer Any Other,
cisin please 0 0 1 0 1
g specify
Total 1
15 32 42 11 0
0

Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 6.281a 9 .711
Likelihood Ratio 6.656 9 .673
Linear-by-Linear
.143 1 .705
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .711 which is greater than .05; therefore, there is a significant and positive
relationship reason for going to gym and another people’s perception. The alternate
hypothesis would be accepted in this situation.

5 Nature of job and productivity

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the Nature of job and
productivity
Alternate Hypothesis: There is significant difference between Nature of job and
productivity

Std.
Mea Deviati
Nature of Job N n on
If I do Travelli
25 2.72 1.100
not ng
exercise Desk
I will Job
not be 53 2.75 1.142
produc
tive

t-test for Equality

of Means
Sig.
(2-
taile
  t df d)
If I do Equal
not varianc
exercise es -.127 76 .899
I will not assume
be d
producti Equal
ve varianc
48.7
es not -.128 .898
85
assume
d

Descriptive Statistics

X1= 2.72 N1= 25

X2= 2.75 N2= 53

Standard Deviation

SD 1= 1.10

SD 2= 1.14
Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .89 which is greater than .05; therefore, we will not accept the alternate
hypothesis.

This concludes that the average of travelling job has significant difference then desk
job in relation to productivity.

5. TESTING OF 5TH HYPOTHESIS (ANOVA)

Nature of job and risk of being overweight

IV= Nature of job

DV= Risk of overweight

IV has three categories. Therefore, we will calculate three means-

X1= Average of people having Travel Job

X2= Average of people having Desk Job

X3= Average of people having Other Jobs

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the nature of job and risk
of overweight.

X1=X2

X2=X3

X3=X1

Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the nature of job and
risk of overweight.

ANOVA
If I do not exercise I will become overweight
Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between
3.554 2 1.777 1.382 .256
Groups
Within
124.686 97 1.285
Groups
Total 128.240 99

If I do not exercise I will become

overweight
Duncan
Nature of N Subset for
Job alpha = 0.05
1
Desk Job 53 2.58
Others 22 2.91
Travelling 25 3.00
Sig. .194
Anova table-
 Measuring degree of freedom(df)
Between the group= No. of factors-1
= 3-1 = 2

Within the group= Sample size- No. of factors

= 100-3 = 97

 F-value= Mean square between the group/ Mean square within the group
= 1.777/1.285=1.38
 p-value= 0.256>0.05 (Not significant)

Conclusion- As p-value is much greater than alpha so there is no significant difference

between the nature of job and risk of being overweight .Also since the data based
upon respective mean values in Duncan table about three categories of nature of job
are falling in the same group therefore it indicates that there is no significant
difference between desk job, travelling job and others.

6. TESTING OF 6th HYPOTHESIS (MULTIPLE REGRESSION)

IV= Gender, Relationship status

 DV= Frequency of exercise in a week

Hypothesis 1: “There is a significant impact of Gender on Frequency of exercise in a

week.

Hypothesis 2: “There is a significant impact of Relationship status on Frequency of

exercise in a week.

Mode R R Square Adjusted R

l Square
1 .189a .036 .016

ANOVAa
Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Regressio
2.333 2 1.166 1.796 .171b
n
1
Residual 62.977 97 .649
Total 65.310 99

Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Standardize t Sig.
Coefficients d
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 2.421 .370 6.548 .000
Gender .277 .167 .166 1.660 .100
1
Relationship
-.148 .150 -.098 -.981 .329
Status

 From Model Summary table, the value of R Square= 0.036. It explains percentage
impact of independent variables on dependent variables.
Therefore, it means gender and relationship status both will impact on frequency of
exercise in a week by 3.6%.

 From Anova table, p-value= 0.171

There is an insignificant impact of gender and relationship status on frequency of
exercise done in a week.
 From Coefficients table,
Regression equation, Y= 2.421 +.277(G) -0.148 (RS)

 Gender (p-value) = 0.1 B= 0.277

Analysis- “There is a positive but insignificant relationship gender and frequency of

exercise done in a week.

 Relationship status (p-value) = 0.32 B= -.148

Analysis- “There is negative but insignificant relationship between relationship status

and frequency of exercise done in a week.

7. TESTING OF 7th HYPOTHESIS (CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Independent variable: Gender

Dependent variable: Reason for exercising

H0= There is no significant relationship between gender and reason for exercising

H1= There is a significant relationship between gender and reason for exercising

Gender * What is your reason for Exercising Crosstabulation

Count
What is your reason for Exercising Total
Fitness and Festivals/W Competiti Any Other,
Health eddings on please
specify
Gende Femal 15 12 10 0 37
r Male 26 24 12 1 63
Total 41 36 22 1 100

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.473a 3 .689
Likelihood Ratio 1.795 3 .616
Linear-by-Linear
.110 1 .740
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .689 which is greater than .05; therefore, there is no significant

relationship between gender and reason for exercising therefore the null
hypothesis would be accepted in this situation.
8. TESTING OF 8TH HYPOTHESIS (T TEST)

X1= Average of Females

X2 = Average of Males

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the average of

male and female and their frequency of going to gym

X1=X2

Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the

average of male and female their frequency of going to gym

X1 ≠ X2

To test this hypothesis the significance of difference between the mean

value of male and female with respect to the frequency of going to the
gym in the present study was found out. The results are summarized-

Group Statistics
Std. Std. Error
Gender N Mean Deviation Mean
What is your Female 37 2.46 .803 .132
frequency of Male
63 2.73 .807 .102
exercise in a week

Independent Samples Test

  t-test for Equality of
Means
T df Sig.
(2-
tailed)

What Equal -1.622 98 .108

is varian
your ces
frequ assum
ency ed
of Equal -1.625 75.93 .108
exerci varian 2
se in a ces
week not
Descriptive Statistics

X1= 2.46 N1= 37

X2= 2.73

X1<X2 N2= 63

Standard Deviation

SD 1= .803

SD 2= .807

Coefficient of variation of female= SD/Mean * 100 = 32.6%

Coefficient of variation of male= SD/Mean * 100 = 29.5%

Testing of Hypothesis

P value is .108 which is greater than .05 hence difference is not significant. This
concludes that the average of males is not significantly higher than the average of
females with respect to the frequency of visiting the gym. Therefore Null Hypothesis
is accepted.

9. TESTING OF 9TH HYPOTHESIS (MULTIPLE REGRESSION)

IV= Gender, Age

DV= Perception of vulnerable to disease if do not exercise

Hypothesis 1: “There is a significant impact of Gender on Perception of vulnerable to

disease if do not exercise.

Hypothesis 2: “There is a significant impact of Age on the Perception of vulnerable to

disease if do not exercise.

Mod R R Adjusted R
el Square Square
1 .058a .003 -.017
ANOVAa
Model Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Regressio
.450 2 .225 .165 .848b
n
1
Residual 132.140 97 1.362
Total 132.590 99
a. Dependent Variable: If I do not exercise I will be vulnerable to
disease
b. Predictors: (Constant), Gender, Age

Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Standardize t Sig.
Coefficients d
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constan
2.571 .446 5.760 .000
t)
1
Age -.005 .123 -.004 -.039 .969
Gender .140 .244 .059 .573 .568
a. Dependent Variable: If I do not exercise I will be vulnerable to
disease

 From Model Summary table, the value of R Square= 0.03. It explains

percentage impact of independent variables on dependent variables.

Therefore, it means gender and age both will impact on Perception of

vulnerable to disease if do not exercise by 3%.

 From Anova table, p-value= 0.848

There is an insignificant impact of Gender and Age on Perception of vulnerable
to disease if do not exercise

 From Coefficients table,

Regression equation, Y= 2.571 +.140(G) -0.005(A)
Gender(p-value) = 0.568 B= 0.059

Analysis- “There is a positive but insignificant relationship between gender and

Perception of vulnerable to disease if do not exercise.

Age (p-value) = 0.969 B= -0.004

Analysis- “There is negative and insignificant relationship between gender and
Perception of vulnerable to disease if do not exercise.
10. TESTING OF 10TH HYPOTHESIS (T TEST)

X1= Average of Females

X2 = Average of Males

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the average of

male and female and their perception of being socially inadequate if they
do not exercise.

X1=X2

Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the

average of male and female their perception of being socially inadequate
if they do not exercise.

X1 ≠ X2

To test this hypothesis the significance of difference between the mean

value of male and female with respect to the perception of being socially
inadequate if they do not exercise in the present study was found out. The
results are summarized-

Group Statistics
Gender N Mean Std. Std. Error
Deviation Mean
If I do not Female 37 2.24 .796 .131
exercise, I will be
socially Male 63 2.56 .894 .113
inadequate

Independent Samples Test

  t-test for Equality of
Means
T df Sig.
(2-
tailed)

If I do Equal -1.755 98 .082

not varian
exerci ces
se, I assum
will be ed
Descriptive Statistics

X1= 2.24 N1= 37

X2= 2.56

X1<X2 N2= 63

Standard Deviation

SD 1= .796

SD 2= .894

Coefficient of variation of female= SD/Mean * 100 = 35.53%

Coefficient of variation of male= SD/Mean * 100 = 34.92%

Testing of Hypothesis

P value is 0.082 which is greater than .05 hence difference is not significant. This
concludes that the average of males is not significantly higher than the average of
females with respect to the perception of being socially inadequate if they do not
exercise. Therefore, Null Hypothesis is accepted.