CHEMISTRY CLASSES BY KK GIRI,

IIT-Roorkee, 9826598179

Excited State and Ground State:

• Ground state: the lowest possible energy level an electron be
at.
• For H, n=1 is called as ground state

• Excited state: an energy level higher than the ground state.

• For H, n=2 is 1st excited state and
n=3 is 2nd excited state and so on…

Note: in an atom there are infinite no of shells

VIGYAS PVT. LIM., WWW.VIGYAS.IN, 9630079933

 CHEMISTRY CLASSES BY KK GIRI,
IIT-Roorkee, 9826598179

For H atom

n=3; 2nd excited state E=-1.51; KE=1.51ev; PE=-3.02ev

1.89ev

n=2; 1st excited state E=-3.4ev; KE=3.4ev; PE=-6.8ev

10.2ev

n=1; ground state E=-13.6ev; KE=13.6ev; PE=-27.2ev

Since every atom has definite energy levels,

EACH ELEMENT HAS A CHARACTERISTIC LINE SPECTRUM

VIGYAS PVT. LIM., WWW.VIGYAS.IN, 9630079933

CHEMISTRY CLASSES BY KK GIRI,
IIT-Roorkee, 9826598179

Bohr’s Model –Spectrum of H

No of SPECTRAL LINES in a sample of atoms
n(n − 1) (n2 − n1 )(n2 − n1 + 1)
= nc2 = or
2 2

For Lyman Series of

H atom
1 1 1
 = = RH Z 2  2 − 2 
  n1 n2 
1  1
 = = RH 1 − 2 
  n2 
n22
=
RH (n22 − 1)

VIGYAS PVT. LIM., WWW.VIGYAS.IN, 9630079933

CHEMISTRY CLASSES BY KK GIRI,
IIT-Roorkee, 9826598179

PFUND(IR)

BRACKETT(IR)

PASCHEN(IR) What is SERIES LIMIT?

What is alpha line?

VIGYAS PVT. LIM., WWW.VIGYAS.IN, 9630079933

CHEMISTRY CLASSES BY KK GIRI,
IIT-Roorkee, 9826598179

The Bohr model agrees with the following evidence.

•Electrons are small and negatively charged
•Protons are in the nucleus with is small compared to the size of the atom
•For a particular element, only certain frequencies (colors) of light are
absorbed or emitted.

VIGYAS PVT. LIM., WWW.VIGYAS.IN, 9630079933

 CHEMISTRY CLASSES BY KK GIRI,
IIT-Roorkee, 9826598179

Bohr’s Model - Drawbacks

1.The Bohr model explained the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom but did not always explain
those of other elements. it does not explain the spectra of multi electron atoms, also does not
provide a method to calculate relative intensities of spectral lines
2. when a high resolving power spectroscope is used, it is observed that a spectral line in the hydrogen
spectrum is not a simple line but a collection of several lines which are very close to one another.
This is known as fine spectrum. Bohr 's theory does not explain the fine spectra of even H atom
3. Bohr 's theory is not in agreement with Heisenberg 's uncertainty principle.
4. it does not explain the splitting of the spectral lines into a group of finer lines under the influence of
magnetic field which is called Zeeman effect and under the influence of electric filed which is called
stark effect.
5. Stationary states Although Bohr stated that electrons were in stationary states, he could not explain
why.
6.More serious deficiency in the Bohr model is that it predicts the incorrect
value of angular momentum for the electron! For the ground state of
hydrogen (n = 1), the Bohr theory gives L = , while experiment clearly
shows L = 0.
7.Bohr considered electron to be a particle where as it has dual nature.

VIGYAS PVT. LIM., WWW.VIGYAS.IN, 9630079933