CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOLUTION

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CLIMATE:

Climate is the statistics of weather, usually over a 30-year interval.  It is measured by assessing the patterns of
[1][2]

variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other

meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Climate differs from weather, in that weather only
describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.A region's climate is generated by the climate
system, which has five components:  atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere ,lithosphere, and biosphere.[3]

CAUSES OFCLIMATIC CHANGES:

On the broadest scale, the rate at which energy is received from the Sun and the rate at which it is lost to space
determine the equilibrium temperature and climate of Earth. This energy is distributed around the globe by winds,
ocean currents, and other mechanisms to affect the climates of different regions. Factors that can shape climate are
called climate forcings or "forcing mechanisms".[6] These include processes such as variations in solar radiation,
variations in the Earth's orbit, variations in the albedo or reflectivity of the continents and oceans, mountain-
building and continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. Forcing mechanisms can be either
"internal" or "external". Internal forcing mechanisms are natural processes within the climate system itself (e.g.,
the thermohaline circulation). External forcing mechanisms can be either natural (e.g., changes in solar output) or
anthropogenic (e.g., increased emissions of greenhouse gases.

Internal forcing mechanisms

Scientists generally define the five components of earth's climate system to
include atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere (restricted to the surface soils, rocks, and sediments),
and biosphere.[7] Natural changes in the climate system ("internal forcings") result in internal "climate variability".
Examples include the type and distribution of species, and changes in ocean currents.

The Main cause of change in the climate is LIFE:Life affects climate through its role in
the carbon and water cycles and through such mechanisms as albedo, evapotranspiration, cloud formation,
and weathering. Examples of how life may have affected past climate include:
 glaciation 2.3 billion years ago triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, which depleted the
atmosphere of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and introduced free oxygen.
 another glaciation 300 million years ago ushered in by long-term burial of decomposition-resistant detritus of
vascular land-plants (creating a carbon sink and forming coal)
 termination of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 55 million years ago by flourishing
marine phytoplankton[1

 : "Is Human Activity Primarily Responsible for Global Climate Change?"

 The pro side argues rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases are a direct result of human activities such as
burning fossil fuels, and that these increases are causing significant and increasingly severe climate changes
 including global warming, loss of sea ice, sea level rise, stronger storms, and more droughts. They contend that
immediate international action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to prevent dire climate changes.
 The con side argues human-generated greenhouse gas emissions are too small to substantially change the
earth’s climate and that the planet is capable of absorbing those increases. They contend that warming over the 20th
century resulted primarily from natural processes such as fluctuations in the sun's heat and ocean currents. They say
the theory of human-caused global climate change is based on questionable measurements, faulty climate models,
and misleading science.

Problems due to climatic changes:

*Climate change is already responsible for 300,000 deaths a year and is affecting 300m
people, according to the first comprehensive study of the human impact of global
warming.

*It projects that increasingly severe heatwaves, floods, storms and forest fires will be
responsible for as many as 500,000 deaths a year by 2030, making it the greatest
humanitarian challenge the world faces.

Climate change is expected to have the most severe impact on water supplies, it said.
"Shortages in future are likely to threaten food production, reduce sanitation, hinder
economic development and damage ecosystems. It causes more violent swings between
floods and droughts. Hundreds of millions of people are expected to become water
stressed by climate change by the 2030