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THIS DOCUMENT IS ELECTRONICALLY GENERATED. THE DOCUMENT IS CHECKED AND APPROVED ACCORDING TO INTERNAL
PROCEDURES IN NOV BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM THAT ARE PART OF THE OVERALL QUALITY SYSTEM.
THE SIGNED DOCUMENT IS ELECTRONICALLY FILED AT NOV AND IS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.
Revision History
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
This is NOV procedure for the application of chemical nickel plating (electroless nickel (EN)) on carbon- and low
alloyed- steels with subsequent thermal treatment / interdiffusion.
The chemical and physical properties of chemical nickel depend on several factors. Some factors are related to
the material to be coated (alloy type and surface state), the bath (composition, temperature, pH, age and
deposition rate), the coating itself (phosphorus content, residual stress, thickness and composition) and after-
treatment (mainly the time and temperature of the heat treatment and the internal atmosphere of the furnace).
2 DEFINITIONS
Batch: group of pieces that simultaneously get into a bath (same MTO and that provides to it at least 100 µm
of nickel plating and posteriorly is heat treated to provide the interdiffusion).
MTO (Metal Turn Over): Numerical value obtained by chemical analysis indicating the amount of nickel added
to the bath relative to the amount of metal originally present in the bath formulation.
Ex: One (01) MTO indicates that the amount of nickel added during bath reinforcements is equal to the amount
originally used for bath assembly.
3 PROCEDURE
In order to qualify as a manufacturer, an inspection and test plan (ITP) has to be issued and approved by NOV.
If a generic ITP has been approved by NOV, an ITP transmittal sheet shall be sent for approval to NOV before
production start.
3.1 INSPECTION
When an item is delivered for plating, the manufacturer’s incoming inspection is to observe the following:
Packing
NOV Part No. incl. revision No.
NOV Batch No.
Purchase number
Visual examination of the item for identification of possible superficial damages suffered during transport.
Note: Any deviation must be reported to NOV immediately through a non- conformity document.
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3.2 IDENTIFICATION
For each item the manufacturer must generate a production record to allow the full traceability of the products.
See section 5 for minimum documentation.
Welded joints must be carefully inspected, focusing on porosity, cracks and weld spatter.
For identification of defects in welded joints, magnetic particle testing and/or penetrating liquid test to be
performed according to [13] and [15]
The residual magnetism must be measured before the final cleaning process – this level must be below 15 gauss
– otherwise the item must be demagnetized according to [13] section 18 before plating.
3.4 PRE-TREATMENT
The base metal must be submitted to appropriate procedures of cleaning (deoxidation and activation), to
ensure the necessary quality of the deposit.
The process of chemical cleaning must include chemical electrolytic cleaning in several cycles according to [3]
or [4].
The items can be shot blasted at areas described in accordance with the drawing by using a suitable blasting
media leaving no possibilities for entrapments in the item. Furthermore, the blasting media and blasting
pressure must be selected so that no porosities are created in the interface between the plated item and the
Ni deposit. Shot blasting is only required if any corrosion, scaling or the likes must be removed to give a clean
surface prior to plating.
This Technical Specification is not intended to list all steps to produce a high-quality coating (excellent adhesion
and exceptional corrosion resistance). The applying company shall use the appropriate methodologies capable
of ensuring the performance of high performance interdiffused chemical nickel plating.
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Plating:
Layer thickness P cont. Stresses Residuals Inter diffusion layer Color post HT
100µm +5 /-5 µm 10-13% Compressive <0.5 >3µm green
Bath:
Metal Turn Over
Temp. pH Agitation Filtration
(MTO)
80-95°C 4-5 >5xsolution/h 1µm mask ≤3
The bath shall be based on Nickel Sulfate and Sodium Hypophosphite, with limitations of cadmium (Cd), lead
(Pb) and mercury (Hg) amount.
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Cooling below 200°C must be slow and with the furnace door open allowing air renewal.
All heat-treated parts must be accompanied by a document containing the following information: real record
of temperature variation vs time graph, date and time of heat treatment, parts identification, supplier / final
purchaser and the applicator company.
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The standard dimension of test plates shall be 25mm of width, 100mm of length and 2,5mm of thickness. They
shall be made with the same material (alloy steel, carbon steel, etc) of the parts and shall follow the lot.
The tests must be performed in independent laboratories or in the applier company site, since it has been
performed by qualified professionals, using equipment calibrated and gauged by independent laboratories.
Table 4-1 – Test plates for each batch
Test plate no. Treatment Purpose
TP1 Total plating Adhesion
process and heat
treatment Porosities
TP2 Total plating Adhesion
process and heat
treatment Porosities
Thickness
TP3 Total plating Adhesion
process and heat
treatment Porosities
Thickness
TP4 Total plating Porosities
process and heat
treatment Thickness
TP5 Total plating Porosities
process and heat
treatment Interdiffusion layer
thickness
TP6 Total plating NOV incoming
process and heat inspection
treatment
TP7 Total plating Corrosion test
process and heat (SO2 or HCl test)
treatment Per batch
TP8 Total plating Corrosion test Nitric
process and heat Acid
treatment Per batch
TP9 Total plating Chemical Composition
process and heat Aluminum test plate
treatment must be plated with
every job and
delivered with items
Per batch
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TM-NOV-001 Rev 09
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This document contains confidential information. All rights (including copyright, confidential information, trade secrets, and design rights) are owned by
National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S.
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No TP shall present delamination. If any item from the batch presents delamination, all nickel-plated parts with
interdiffusion heat treatment following the lot in the bath shall be subjected to thermal shock tests as per
standards ASTM B 733 or ISO 4527.
Parts subjected to the same bath and MTO shall be considered as being from the same batch.
Verification of the residual stress of the bath shall be performed so that the copper-iron strips accompany each
batch of parts within the chemical nickel bath. The residual stress result shall be obtained before the parts are
subjected to interdiffusion heat treatment.
Equipment specifically developed for measuring plating internal residual stresses (e.g. Specialty Testing and
Development Co. model 683) shall be used.
Note: The strips shall be immersed in a region of the bath where the agitation of the bath does not affect the deflection of the strips.
The strips shall remain in the bath long enough to ensure an opening between 1 and 2 cm.
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The strips shall be degreased before immersed in the bath by immersing them for 5 minutes in alkaline solution
and washed with deionized water. The strips shall not be subjected to the electrolytic degreaser.
The residual stresses in the plating shall be only compressive. Otherwise, the plating must be reproved, and
bath replaced.
The result of the measurement of the internal stress shall be registered by picture and added to the MDB.
4.2.6 Verification of Interdiffused Layer (TP5)
On one of the test plates, TP5, which has been heat-treated with the item, a micro-section is to be made
perpendicular to the plating. An interdiffused layer between the plating and the item with a min. thickness of
3µm must be present.
The etching should be performed using a 2% Nital solution or a solution containing 65ml concentrated nitric
acid + 18 ml acetic acid and 17 ml deionized water.
To verify the thickness, a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shall be used and the measurement shall be
carried out with a minimum magnification of 4000x. The observed micrography shall be added to
documentation. As an alternative, Optical Microscopy with a magnification of at least 1000x can be used,
provided that the equipment has a resolution good enough to allow precise measurement.
Five measurements of the thickness of the diffusion layer shall be taken along the cross section of the sample.
The minimum individual value of the 5 measurements shall be always above 3 µm.
SO2 Test
Accelerated corrosion testing in a SO2 chamber in accordance with [10] using 2 liters SO2 must be performed on
1 TP from an NOV batch (TP7). The TP must be submitted to 10 cycles of 24h each – without any evidence of
red corrosion on the TP. If red corrosion appears in the substrate, the lot shall be reproved.
The test is to be performed per batch.
MDB requirement: The test results/report incl. pictures must be included in the manufacturing data book.
Note: The frequency of these tests can be changed to 1TP at the 3rd MTO or at the MTO of bath discard, provided that the plating
applicator company proves that there was no failure in this test in a period of five years.
HCL Test
As an alternative to SO2 test, a TP7 can be submitted to exposition test to HCl.
A 100% nickel plated steel sample shall be immersed in a glass container containing 50% reagent HCl
(hydrochloric acid) for 3 hours at 83 °C. After the test, the acid should not show significant discoloration, or the
plated sample will present exfoliation or blisters.
Equipment required to perform this test: glass container, hot plate, thermometer and timer.
The purpose of this test is to identify pores in the chemical nickel plating when the electrochemical potential of
the cell is greater than 150 mV. Rapid red corrosion will occur, causing a significant coating and substrate failure.
A polyethylene cover fixed to the open part of the glass container is recommended using a rubber band to
reduce vapor and acid evaporation. This test shall be performed under an extractor hood to remove acid vapor.
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Note: The nitric acid test gives an indication of whether the bath used is high phosphorus, because low and medium phosphorus
baths lead to darkening of the coating upon exposure to this solution.
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In case the nickel plating cannot be manually removed, the aluminum plate shall be dissolved in a Sodium
Hydroxide solution (10% m/m) to obtain only the layer of nickel plating.
If the ICP tests show a chemical composition out of specification, see Section 3.5, a second test using the
SEM/EDX method can be used. If the SEM/EDX test shows acceptable levels in compliance with 0 – the Chemical
Composition is accepted. Both tests must in such case be documented in the MDB and the SEM/EDX report
must state “Pass”.
The test plate must be plated for every batch and delivered with the items.
The chemical composition shall apply with the following:
MDB requirement: The test results/report incl. pictures must be included in the manufacturing data book.
Note: The frequency of these tests can be changed to 1TP at the 1st MTO and 1TP at the 3rd MTO or at the MTO of bath discard,
provided that the plating applicator company proves that there was no failure in this test in a period of five years.
1. Front sheet (Surveillance pack index sheet). This shall contain the pack information (PO nos, description, part
nos and unique serial nos) and the content of the MDB. All pages must be readable, bookmarked and numbered.
Signed by NOV representative.
4. ITP including signed of activities by supplier/ENP coating company and NOV representative. This is the
verification, that all tests and visual inspections have been performed and accepted.
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5. and 6. XRF or dimensional report with PO and unique serial nos. per batch
7. Deposit thickness control with PO and unique serial nos. [TP2 + TP3 + TP4]
10. Diffusion measurement reports with PO and unique serial nos. [TP5]
11. De-magnetization report with PO and unique serial nos. and statement of “Test passed”
12. Report for checking residual stresses incl. pictures and item traceability incl. statement of “Test passed”
with PO and unique serial nos.
13. Nitric Acid report with with PO and unique serial nos. and statement of “Test passed”
14. Report for TP’s from the Porosity/Feroxyl test with PO and unique serial nos. and statement of “Test passed”
incl. pictures with PO and unique serial nos. [TP1 + TP2 + TP3 + TP4 + TP5]
15. Bend Test Report with PO and unique serial nos. and statement of “Test passed”. [TP1 + TP2 + TP3]
16. Valid corrosion test report TP7 + TP8 with PO and unique serial nos.
17. Valid chemical analyses report TP9 with PO and unique serial nos.
6 PACKAGING
Components to be returned to NOV in the same reusable boxes, they were delivered in
7 REPAIR
Individual area maximum until 20 cm2 but only until 1% of the total external area plated. Maximum 10 spots.
No repair is allowed in seal areas and grooves.
A Brush Plating Report (or if performed by an external technician, a certificate of conformance, certifying the
repair has been performed in accordance with approved process and has passed the specified quality tests)
shall be completed and submitted by the plating Technician and endorsed by the Quality Inspector and shall
include:
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• QC stamp and signature verifying that the repair is satisfactory and passes the tape and
Ferroxyl test.
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National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S.
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8 REFERENCES
[1] ASTM B656-91, “Standard guide for Autocatalytic Nickel-Phosphorus Deposition on Metals
for Engineering use”
[2] ASTM B733, “Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel-Phosphorus Coating on Metals”
[3] ASTM B183, “Preparation of Low Carbon Steel for Electroplating”
[4] ASTM B242, “Preparation of High Carbon Steel for Electroplating”
[5] ISO 4527,“Autocatalytic Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings – Specification and Test Methods”
[6] ISO 4288, “Apparatus Rules and Procedures for the Measurements of Surface Roughness
using Stylus Instruments”
[7] ASTM B571-97, “Standard Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings”
[8] ASTM B537-70, “Standard Practice for Rating Electroplated Panels subjected to
Atmospheric Exposure”
[9] ASTM B975, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Internal Stress of Metallic Coatings
by Split Strip Evaluation (Deposit Stress Analyzer Method)
[10]ASTM G87-97, “Standard Practice for Conducting Moist SO2 Tests”
[11]JIS Z 2371-96, “Metal Surface Treatment”
[12]JIS H 8645-89, “Autocatalytic Nickel-Phosphorus Coating on Metals”
[13]ASTM E 709, “Standard guide for Magnetic Particle Testing”
[14]ET-3000.00-1500-950-PMU-001, “Electroless Nickel Plating Technical Specification
Petrobras”
[15]ASTM E165-12 “Standard Practise for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry”
This document contains confidential information. All rights (including copyright, confidential information, trade secrets, and design rights) are owned by
National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S.
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TM-NOV-001 Rev 09