1.

The diagram shows a heating curve for a sample of compound

X.

a. Is X a solid, a liquid or a gas at room temperature, 20

°C?
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.. b. Write an equation for the equilibrium which exists in region BC.
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.. c. Name the change of state which occurs in region DE.
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.. d. Explain how the curve shows that a pure sample of compound X was used.
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Some students are asked to describe differences between gases and liquids. Three of

their suggestions
​ are:
4. In which of the following are the particles arranged in a regular
pattern?
A. a gas B. a liquid
C. a metal D. a

solution 5. ​6. 7. 8.

9. ​10.
11. When steam at 100o C condenses to water at 25o C, what happens to the water
molecules?
A. They move faster and closer together. B. They move faster and further apart. C.
They move slower and closer together. D. They move slower and further apart. 12.
The melting points and boiling points of four substances are shown. Which substance
is
liquid at 100​o ​C?
13. In which change of state do the particles become more widely
separated?
A. gas to liquid B. gas to solid C. liquid to gas D. liquid to solid 14. A sample of a drug is
analysed by using a chemical test for aspirin and measuring its melting
point. The chemical test is positive but the melting point is 130°C not 135°C as it
should be. What is correct?

15. In which substance are the particles furthest apart at room

temperature?
A. ethanol B. methane C. salt D. sugar 16. A mixture of ethanol and methanol are
separated by fractional distillation. This method of
separation depends on a difference in property X of these two alcohols. What is property
X? A. boiling point B. colour C. melting point D. solubility 17.

18. Ethanol is made by fermentation. How is ethanol obtained from the fermentation
mixture?
A. chromatography B.
crystallisation C.
electrolysis D. fractional
distillation
19. Diagram 1 shows the paper chromatogram of substance
X.

Diagram 2 shows the cooling curve for substance

Y.
Which statement about X and Y is correct? A.
X is a mixture and Y is a pure substance. B. X
is a pure substance and Y is a mixture. C. X
and Y are mixtures. D. X and Y are pure
substances. 20.
21. An important aspect of chemistry is purity and methods of
purification.
a. Give an example of substances used in everyday life which must be
pure.
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b. A list of techniques used to separate mixtures is given below.
chromatography crystallisation diffusion dissolving
evaporation filtration fractional distillation simple distillation From the list,
choose the most suitable technique to separate the following. water from sea-water
.......................................................................................................... helium from a mixture
of helium and methane ................................................................... ethanol from a mixture
of ethanol and propanol ................................................................. iron filings from a
mixture of iron fi lings and water ............................................................. a mixture of two
amino acids, glycine and alanine ............................................................. 22.
Chromatography and fractional distillation can be used to separate compounds. In which
type of separation is a thermometer needed for checking that complete separation has
occurred? A. chromatographic separation of two colourless solids B. chromatographic
separation of two solids of different colours C. fractional distillation of two colourless liquids
D. fractional distillation of two liquids of different colours 23. Alcohol and water are
completely miscible. This means when mixed together they form only
one liquid layer. Which method is used to separate alcohol from water?
A. crystallisation B. filtration C. fractional distillation D. precipitation 24.
The diagram shows a kettle of boiling water.
 As the water vapour cools it turns back to water droplets. Describe this change of state
in terms of the kinetic particle theory. In your answer, include
• the difference in the closeness of the water molecules as the water vapour changes
to water,
• the difference in the motion of the water molecules as the water vapour changes to
water.
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25. The Kinetic Theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement
and
movement of particles.
a. Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, N​2​, which are spread
far
apart move in a random manner at high speed. How does the movement and
arrangement of the molecules in a crystal of nitrogen differ from those in gaseous
nitrogen?
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__ b. Use the ideas of the Kinetic Theory to explain the following.
A sealed container contains nitrogen gas. The pressure of a gas is due to the molecules
of the gas hitting the walls of the container. Explain why the pressure inside the container
increases when the temperature is increased.
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..................................................................................................................................... 26.
The table below shows some properties of the Group I elements.

a. Use the information in the table to explain why caesium is a liquid when
the
temperature is 34 °C.
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.. b. Suggest a value for the boiling point of potassium. .................. °C c. Describe the
general trend in density down the group.
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Which element does not follow this trend?
.............................................................................................................................. 27. What
is always true for a pure substance? A It always boils at 100°C. B It contains only one
type of atom. C It has a sharp melting point. D It is solid at room
temperature.
Answers 1. (a)
liquid;
(b) boiling / condensation; accept: evaporation or vaporization
(c) (in region BC) solid melts / liquid boils (in region DE); at one /
fixed / sharp / single / specific temperature; 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6.
C 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C
18. D 19. A 20. B 21. (a) foodstuffs or drugs
(b) simple distillation; fractional distillation or diffusion; fractional distillation; filtration or
evaporation; chromatography 22. C 23. C 24. in steam, molecules are far apart in
water, molecules are close together in steam,
molecules are moving very fast in water, molecules are moving slowly / sliding over
each other in steam more randomness in arrangement of molecules NOTE: molecules
are further apart in steam (than in water) = 2 marks NOTE: molecules move faster in
steam (than in water) = 2 marks NOTE: for molecules the word particles can be used
NOT: implication of particles ‘apart’ in liquids 25. (a)

(b) particles/molecules have more energy / move faster collide harder / collide more
frequently / more collisions / collide with more force (with the walls) 26. (a) melting point
below (34°C) and boiling point above (34°C) ALLOW: its melting point is
29 °C and its boiling point is 669°C (b) ALLOW: 740–800°C (actual is
760°C)(c)increases (down the group) ALLOW: goes up/ goes up except for
potassium (d) sodium/Na 27. C