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Calculating

Solar Position
Olindo Isabella PVMD
Delft University of Technology
Learning objectives
1. Solar irradiance
2. Sun movement
1. Coordinates for sun location
• Geographic coordinates system
• Celestial coordinates system
2. Solar position from Latitude, Longitude and Time
• Sun’s position calculator
• Analemma
3. Tilt angle
4. Landscape survey
5. Advanced irradiance modelling
Sun’s position: flow chart

Delft
Latitude, φ0
Latitude φ0: 52.01° N
Longitude λ0: 4.36° E
Longitude, λ0 φ0

λ0
Sun’s position: flow chart

Latitude, φ0

Longitude, λ0

Date & Time


Sun’s position: flow chart

Latitude, φ0

Longitude, λ0

Date & Time

Axial Tilt, ε

Solar Energy Book by A. Smets et al.


Sun’s position: LMST

Latitude, φ0

Longitude, λ0 LMST - θL

Date & Time

Axial Tilt, ε

Solar Energy Book by A. Smets et al.


Sun’s position: Ecliptic Longitude

Latitude, φ0

Longitude, λ0 LMST - θL

Ecliptic
Date & Time
Longitude
λS
Axial Tilt, ε

Solar Energy Book by A. Smets et al.


Sun’s position: Altitude and Azimuth

Latitude, φ0

Longitude, λ0 LMST - θL
Altitude - aS
Azimuth - AS
Ecliptic
Date & Time
Longitude
λS
Axial Tilt, ε
Sun’s position

Altitude - aS
Azimuth - AS

Solar Energy Book by A. Smets et al.


Sun’s position: coordinates changes
1st coordinates change

2nd coordinates change


Solar Energy Book by A. Smets et al.
The Analemma
Delft, 12h
70
Summer solstice
60

50
Altitude (°)

40 Spring equinox Autumn equinox

30

20

10 Winter solstice
0
175 180 185 190 195
Azimuth (°)
Recap
70
Latitude, φ0 Summer solstice
60

50
Longitude, λ0 Spring equinox Autumn equinox

Altitude (°)
40
Altitude - aS
Azimuth - AS 30

Date & Time 20

10 Winter solstice
Axial Tilt, ε 0
175 180 185 190 195
Azimuth (°)

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