MEJ June 2016 Issue

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Phone No. 040-23200510, Email: meai1957@gmail.com Website: www.meai.org Mob: +91 9828668764; pc_bakliwal@yahoo.co.in Mob: +91 9818898729; sidharth@cimglobal.net
Flat-608, Raghava Ratna Towers, A-Block, VI Floor, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500001 P. C. Bakliwal Sidharth Biswas
MEAI – Jaipur CIM Global India Pvt. Ltd.
Organising Secretary Conference Managers
Mining Engineers’ Association of India
For further details: www.advancemintech.com
Location: MWC, Near Parishkaar College/ Metro MAS Hospital, Off Shipra Path, Mansarovar, Jaipur-302020
‘Mining Welfare Centre’ – a Social Responsibility Initiative of MEAI at Jaipur
The surplus funds, if any, generated from the Conference, shall be utilised for completion of the
Tilak Marg Jaipur, Account Number: 678601421300, ISFC Code: ICIC0006786, SWIFT CODE: ICICINBBCTS
For on Line payments: Account Name: Mining Engineers’ Association of India, Bank: ICICI Bank, Branch:
All payments to be made favouring “Mining Engineers’ Association of India”.
space latest by November 2016. The above rates including Service Tax.
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Exhibition Stall shall be available at venue for the participant on payment basis. Standard shell scheme is available
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Format please. Sponsorship and Promotional Opportunities
selected (by 15th October 2016) need to be submitted by 30th November 2016. All submissions are to be in Word
themes may be submitted, through email, to the Organizing Secretary on or before 30th September 2016. Papers
Call for Abstracts of Papers: Extended abstracts not exceeding 1000 words, on any of the above themes/ sub-
Language: The official language of the conference will be English
exploration & Sea bed mining and Use of Solar and other renewable energy resources in Mining.
June - 2016 Monthly No. 11 Vol. 17 Mining Technology, Mining Policies & Legislation, Investment Opportunities & Emerging mineral Avenues, Offshore
The broad topics for deliberation include: Exploration Technology, Geo-Informatics and Mineral Resources,
Price `50/- were hosted by MEAI Rajasthan Chapter - Jodhpur in 2010 and 2014.
The MEAI Rajasthan Chapter - Jaipur is hosting the 3rd Edition of International Conference in Jaipur. The first two
20-22 January, 2017, Mining Welfare Centre (MWC), Mansarovar, Jaipur
Journal
Official Publication of Organised by: Mining Engineers’ Association of India, Rajasthan Chapter - Jaipur
AND EXPLOITATION OF MINERALS
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IN EXPLORATION
3rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2015-2017 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month
Regd. with RNI R.No. 71519/99; No. of Pages: 32+Cover 4 Date of Publication: 27-5-2016
Workshop on “Application and Adoption of MEAI’s
Solar Power in Mining and Allied Industries” on 7th May 2016 Professional Competence and Excellence building Program
organised by MEAI New Delhi Chapter in association with FIMI on
Refresher Course- cum –Workshop
on Mining Plan Preparation
on 14th to 16th July 2016
at Mining Engineers’ Assn. of India’s Head Quarters, Hyderabad.
This three days course program is ‘as part of MEAI’s continuous effort in developing Professional
Competence and Excellence’ among mining professionals.
Several changes have taken place in the Mining Plan (MP) preparation M5: Conceptual Mine planning Includes conceptual stage mine
and approval by IBM for major Minerals and for minor minerals by development till the lease period, Mine life, ultimate pit depth
some states since1987. These changes were effected in 2003, related progressive mine reclamation ( Duration 45 min and 10 min
Inaugural session : On the Dias L-R Sri A.K.Kothari, V.P -1, 2009 and 2015 as per the statute requirements. Freelanced RQPS / discussions),
Prof. Dhar , New Delhi Chapter, Chairman, S/ Sri R Sridharan, Welcome address by Pro. B.B.Dhar, Chiarman, company RQPS were preparing these documents and obtaining the
Additional Secretary , MOM , T.Victor, President , S.K Pattanaik, MEAI New Delhi chapter M6: Waste /Mineral Reject / Sub-grade Handling and Mineral
approval for mine operations by the lessees. With the advent of MMDR
V.P .II and R.K Sharma , Secretary General, FIMI Processing Covers mostly aspects related to opencast mines. Dump
Act2015 in January 15, later followed by new MCR 2016 in March’16
handling and disposal, dump re-handling, sub-grade utilisation and the
and the Amended MCDR 1988 in April ‘16 , there are several issues
mineral processing, sizing, beneficiation methods etc(Duration 45 min
which may RQPS / Lessees are not conversant with the change in
and 10 min discussions),
regulations and mode of preparation of documents for early approval
by IBM . There are several instances of delayed approvals/ rejection M-6 : Baseline Environmental studies, impact analysis , and related
of documents due to not meeting the desired documentation levels mitigate measures-Reclamation plan,Includes collection of baseline
either due to paucity of data or mode of preparations by RQPs. In this data and monitoring data, synthesis of data, impacts, and arriving at
context MEAI thought it prudent, as a part of its competence to conduct the suitable mitigate measures. Progressive and Final closure plan
a “Refresher Course- cum –Workshop on Mining Plan Preparation” with Financial assurances (Duration 45 min and 10 min discussions),
for the benefit of Mining Engineers and Geologists who are actively
M7: Disaster Management and Risk analysis, Includes Types of
involved in preparing Mining Plans.
Disasters and Risk analysis (Duration 45 min and 10 min discussions),
The Refresher course is conducted by persons who had long experience M-8: Report wring as per format and Plans and sections Includes
in preparation of Mining plans as per the present statute for scientific drafting of report as per format and different types of plans and sections
and systematic mining as per the prevailing mining regulations and preparation. (Duration 45 min and 10 min discussions)
Address by Sri T.Victor, President Address by Sri A.K.Kothari, VP-I rules. It is proposed to conduct this programme in Hyderabad by MEAI
Course Director: Sri T.R .Rajasekhar a post Graduate in Earth
on 14th to 16th July 2016.
Sciences, M.Sc(Geology) served with MECL for 20 years and 19
Modules and the Contents of the Workshop. years in Private Sector in Cement Industry. Currently a freelance
M-1: Mining plan and Related Regulations: Includes significance consulting geologist and an RQP for mineral exploration/surveys
of Mining Plan, and related regulations since its inception in 1987. and mine planning assignments stationed at Bangalore since 2009.
Detailing on changes that have undergone in MMDR Act 1957, MCR Over a period of time drafted over 80 Mining plans and Schemes and
1960 & MCDR1988.(Duration 30 min with 10 min on clarifications), obtained approval from IBM. Associate Directors: Dr.P.V.Rao will
address Geostatistical applications and Mining software applications.
M-2: Survey &Geology, Resources and Reserves estimation and He had nearly 40 years of mineral industry experience in India and
Quality assessment. Will include geological aspects viz geological overseas. Dr.A. Santharam will deal the preparation of Underground
set up, structural aspects of Deposits/ Leases, exploration inputs, Mining Plan Possessing. He had 38 years of practical experience in
methods of resources estimations as per the present norms for deposit Rock engineering projects, Engineering geology, mineral conservation
evaluation, quality assessment, Outlines of Geostatistical applications and systematic development of different deposits in India and abroad.
and Mining software applications . (Duration 1.30min includes 15 min
of discussions), Venue: MEAI Hqtrs. Lecture Hall, Training can be given to 20 to30
Address by Sri S.K.Pattnaik, VP-II Inaugural address by Sri R.Sridharan, Addl. Secy., MoM, GoI members (max), Course Fees: For 3 days Rs. 5,500/- plus service
M-3: Mining and methods of Mining. Include types of mining and Tax @14.5 %. For MEAI Members Rs 4,500/- plus service tax @14.5
related mining restrictions, Mineable reserves and quality. Arriving at %. Further details please visit Website (www.meai.org) also contact
the annual Targets for plant / export/ sale requirements etc, Type and Secretary General, MEAI Mob: 092987 59625, Email: meai1957@
selection of Equipment as per the methodology and site specifications, gmail.com
manpower and site logistics.
Mode of Payment: The amount can be sent by D.D drawn in favour of
M3A : Opencast Mining : All aspects related to Opencast Mining of Mining Engineers’ Association of India, Payable at Hyderabad or by E.
different minerals Transfer: Bank details - Savings bank account in the name of “Mining
Engineers’ Association of India”. Andhra Bank Account Number:
M3B: Underground Mining: Methods of Underground Mining
037810100028696 Andhra Bank, Nampally Branch, Hyderabad, IFSC
pertaining to minerals other than -coal Total duration will be 03:00
Code: ANDB0000378.
hours including discussions,
The trainees will be provided working lunch, Refreshments and the kit
Release of Brochure on 3rd. International conference on M4: Year-wise Productions Planning Includes yearly production
containing folder, notebook, pen and pencil during the training period.
Advanced Technology in Exploration and Exploitaiton of Minerals to planning, Waste/ OB handling, mine de-watering, mine drainage,
be organised By MEAI Raj. Chapt. Jaipur on 20th to 22nd Jan. 2017 Section of delegates importance of geo-hydrological studies for leases, mine supports etc. (Koneru V Rao)
in Jaipur by Sri R. Sridharan , Additional Secretary ,MOM (Duration 45 min and 10 min discussions) Secretary General
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Mining Engineers’ Association of India MEAI – Jaipur CIM Global India Pvt. Ltd.
Delegates Category

Souvenir

Price `50/- Journal were hosted by MEAI Rajasthan Chapter - Jodhpur in 2010 and 2014.
Mining Engineers’ Association of India 20-22 January, 2017, Mining Welfare Centre (MWC), Mansarovar, Jaipur


Code: ANDB0000378.
CMYK
Official Publication of
Vol. 17 No. 11 Monthly June - 2016
this issue contains...
Message from the President 5
Editorial 7
News from the Mining World 8
MEAI Snippets 15
Readers’ View 17
T. Victor
President The Status of Backfill Applications in Underground
Hard Rock Mining: A Review 19
Vice President- I Vice President - II Vice President - III - M. N. Bagde
Arun Kumar Kothari S.K. Pattnaik K. Madhusudhana Critical Appraisal of Environmental Concerns
in Deep Open Pit Mines 26
Secretary General - P. Balamadeswaran, A.K. Mishra,
Koneru Venkateswara Rao Phalguni Sen, and M. Ifthikhar Ahmed
Jt.Secretary.cum.Treasurer MEAI News 32

Ashok Kumar Gupta Conferences, Seminars, Workshops etc. 34
Immediate Past Presidents On Front Cover: Mir Mine or Mirny Mine is an active open-pit
A. Bagchhi, Dr. S.K. Sarangi, Dr. V.D. Rajagopal, diamond mine located in Mirny, Eastern Siberia, Russia. At its
R.P. Gupta, Meda Venkataiah operational peak it produced over 10 million carats of diamonds
per year. With a depth of 1,722 ft and a diameter of 3,900 feet,
Council Members (Elected) this mine holds fourth position for depth among the world’s open
B. Ramesh Kumar, A.N. Joshi, D.A. Hiremath, V. Srikanth, M. Sathymurthy, pit mines. The airspace over this mine is closed for flying because
there have been reported incidents of helicopters being sucked in
Prof. S .S Rathore, Dr. P.C. Purohit, Kolli Umamaheswara Rao, A.K. Prajapathi, by airflow. This happens because the size of the Mirny diamond
P. SarathKumar, Prof. Bhabhesh C Sarkar, S.C. Suthar, mine often causes the nearby atmosphere to have drastically
C.S. Dhaveji, Murari Lal Gupta, H.D. Nagaraja, Mahendra Kumar Mehta, different temperatures and current flows. (Photo via: Planet Yakutia;
Vijay Singh A.R., Yuvaraj Kadadi, D.V. Pitchamuthu, B.S.P. Raju Source: whenonearth.net).
Council Members (Nominated) Correspondence Address

Pradeep Koneru, A.Srikant, Palani Kumaresan, Dipesh Dipu, S.N.Mathur National Head Quarters & Secretariat
Contact: Secretary General,
Council Members (Co-Opted) Mining Engineers’ Association of India
F-608, Raghavaratna Towers, ‘A’ Block, VI Floor,
S. Sree Kumar, S. Kumaraswamy, Anil Mathur, A.S. Rao, Nagesh Shenoy Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500 001.
Ph. : No. 040 - 23200510, 040 - 66339625
Representatives of Life Institutional Members E-mail : meai1957@gmail.com Website : www.meai.org
M/S. Sesa Goa Ltd (LIM -11), M/S. A.P. Mineral Dev. Corp. Ltd (LIM -12),
M/S. W.B. Engineers International Pvt. Ltd (LIM -13), The Views expressed by the authors in these pages are not
M/S. M.P.L. Parts & Services Ltd (LIM -14), necessarily those of publisher / editor / MEAI. Reproduction
M/S. Shree Engineering Services (LIM -15) in whole or in part is strictly prohibited without written
permission from the publisher.
Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 3 June 2016

ATTENTION
Geology Students, Research Scholars and MEAI Life Members
For the benefit of the Geology students, Research Scholars and the Life Members of MEAI who are
retired, not gainfully employed a 50% discount on the Registration Fee is offered
for the NCC-Training scheduled on 10-11 June 2016 at Hyderabad
For more details refer the following brochure.
Those who are interested may avail this opportunity and get registered immediately.
Training program on the CRIRSCO compliant Reporting Standards

Organized by The National Core Committee (NCC)
For greater economic growth of the nation’s mineral resources
The Mining Engineers’ Association of India (MEAI) is leading an indispensable initiative in India, in association with the CRIRSCO
(Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards), to develop an internationally acceptable ‘Indian Guide for public
reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves’ that can be adopted by the mineral industry& Govt. of India
through their agencies viz. IBM, GSI, AMD, CMPDIL, State DMGs and SEBI. It enjoys the support of professional bodies viz MEAI,
SGAT, IIME and Geol Soc. of India and the Indian mining industry leaders.
A training program has been organized in association with CRIRSCO and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME) for
the mining industry professionals on 10-11 June 2016, at Hyderabad. The program is tailor made for the mining industry professionals
(mining & mineral processing engineers and geoscientists) actively involved in exploration, deposit modeling, mining,mine planning,
estimation, classification and public reporting of the resources & reserves as per CRIRSCO compliant standards. These international
standards globally recognized by the stock exchanges, for listing of mining and exploration companies, throughout the world to raise
funds from the investors.
Course Directors: Dr Harry Parker (USA): CRIRSCO Chairperson and internationally acknowledged geostatistician &Consultant, Dr
Abani Samal (USA): Internationally recognized specialist geostatistician, leader in simulation& Consultant, Dr PV Rao: Specialised
in TDD, deposit modeling, mine planning and classification of reserves& Consultant
Participants Profile: All the NCC members and interested professionals from the mineral industry with a desire to update their
professional skills and become Competent Persons (CP) may acquire part of the requisite training hours to register as CP subsequently
as per the proposed ‘Indian Guide to reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves’.
Topics covered
• Intricacies in public reporting • Role of qualified person
• Role of government • India’s current resource reserve reporting system
• Summary of international reporting standards • Need to adopt CRIRSCO compliant reporting standards in India
• The CRIRSCO Template and its importance in public • Steps to adopt a new code in India
• reporting
Reliability of resource / reserve estimation &classification
for public reporting
Course dates and Venue:10-11, June 2016 at Hyderabad, Royalton Hotel, Hyderabad - 500 001.
Course Fee: Rs 10,000 for individuals; and Rs 50,000 & above for Sponsoring organizations who may nominate up to 2 complementary
professionals
How to register?Send Demand Draft in the name of ‘Mining Engineers’ Association of India’, payable at Andhra Bank, Nampally
branch, Hyderabad to the Secretary General, MEAI, 6th Floor, RaghavaRatna towers, Abids, Hyderabad. For online transfer: Account
name: Mining Engineers’ Association of India, Bank name: Andhra Bank, A/c No. 037810100028696, IFSC Code: ANDB0000378,
SWIFT Code: ANDBINBB

President’s Message………….
MEAI is changing and progressing! This is the feed back I am receiving among the cross section of our
membership, particularly from eminent senior members who are keenly watching us. It is indeed very satisfying
and encouraging to go bold in our future steps. This will not give any room for complacence, I assure.
Realizing the importance of ‘mineral resource reporting system in India’, MEAI is leading an indispensable
initiative of developing an internationally acceptable ‘Indian Guide’ for public reporting of ‘Exploration Results,
Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves’. This necessity has become all the more important and relevant for
the new ‘auctioning process of mineral resources’ under the recently introduced legislative reforms in our
country. You are aware of the progress so far achieved by MEAI in this initiative – from organizing a ‘Round
Table Conference’ in December 2014; forming a ‘National Core committee (NCC)’ in November 2015; and signing
of a MoU with CRIRSCO in February 2016 at Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
As a step forward, an intensive training / orientation program has been We are Indian at heart and
organized in association with CRIRSCO and SME, for the members of NCC
and other interested professionals, on 10-11 June 2016, at Hyderabad. Dr. Global in spirit, committed
Harry Parker, Chairman of CRIRSCO, and Dr. Abani Samal, registered member to Nation’s prosperity……
of SME and Co-chair of NCC are specially travelling from USA to be the key
faculties for this training program. Dr.P.V.Rao, Co-chair of NCC will be one of the faculty.
I am glad that overwhelming response has been received for the training program, from domain experts from
the Govt agencies, public and private sector mining industry, mineral industry consultants, professional
organizations and academic institutions. I congratulate them for their involvement and commitment for this
cause in the national interest.
The NCC sponsored by MEAI enjoys the support of prominent professional bodies - Geological society of India
(GSI), Society of Geoscientists and Allied Technologists (SGAT), Indian Institute of Mineral engineers (IIME)
and the Federation of Indian Mineral Industries. Support from Mining, Geological and Metallurgical Institute
(MGMI) is expected very soon. My compliments to these professional bodies and I welcome them on board to
fulfill the objective of this initiative – ‘Nation‘s prosperity’. These professional bodies will be the co-sponsors of
NCC and will be represented suitably in the managing committee of NCC.
Once the ‘Indian Guide’ is developed, approved and adopted, India will become one among the nine leading
countries in the world recognized to adopt uniformity to various resource / reserves classifications under
CRIRSCO template.
Yes friends we are Indian at Heart and Global in Spirit, committed to Nation’s prosperity.
All good wishes,
Goa, India, May 21, 2016
T. Victor
My contact : Office F-10, Angarki Complex, Opp: Fire Station, P.B.No.91, Ponda, GOA 403 401.
Tel: +91-832 2313798; Telfx:+91-832 2317613 ; Res:+91-832 2335428; Cell:9822 123498.
E-mails: presidentvictormeai@gmail.com tvictor2013@gmail.com

Regd. Office : Rungta House, Barbil (Orissa)
Presidents & Secretaries/Secretary Generals Life Institutional Members
Period President Secretary/Secretary General Aarvee Associates, Architects, Orient Cement (LIM-059)
Mining Engineers’ Association Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-049)
1957-64 B.L. Verma Late B.N. Kanwar Panduronga - Timblo Industries (LIM-056)
ACC Ltd (LIM-25)
1964-67 Late N.S. Claire Late R.C. B. Srivastava Pearl Mineral Ltd., (LIM-39)
1967-68 L.A. Hill Late S. Chandra A.P. Mineral Dev. Corp.Ltd., (LIM-12)
1968-69 Late H.L. Chopra M.G. Jhingran Priyadarshini Cement Ltd., (LIM-5)
Aravali Minerals & Chemical
1969-70 Late S.S. Manjrekar V.S. Rao Industries (P) Ltd. (LM-048) Radials International (LIM-29)
1970-71 Late R.C.B. Srivastava M.G. Jhingran
1971-72 Late R.K. Gandhi B. Roy Chowdhury Associated Mining Co., (LIM-19) Rajgarhia Group of Industries (LIM - 050)
1972-73 I.N. Marwaha D.D. Sharan Associated Soapstone
1973-75 Late R.S. Sastry M.S. Vig Distributing Co. (P) Ltd. (LIM-057) R.K. Marbles Pvt. Ltd., (LIM - 52)
1975-76 Late G.L. Tandon K.K. Biran Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals (LIM-053)
Belgaum Minerals (LIM-64)
1975-76 Late G.L. Tandon K.K. Biran Bharat Alloys & Energy Ltd., (LIM-36) Sagar Cements Ltd., (LIM-21)
1976-78 Late D.L. Patni A.K. Basu Capstone Sandvik Asia Limited (LIM-46)
1978-80 R.C. Mohanty Late S.K. De Geo Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-66)
1980-81 M.K. Batra R.C. Dutta Sesa Goa Ltd., (LIM-11)
1981-82 D.K. Bose S.B. Mukherjee Designer Rocks (P) Ltd., (LIM-32)
Shree Cement Ltd. (LIM-051)
1982-83 P.R. Merh M.K. Srivastava FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Ltd. (LIM-61)
1983-86 V.S. Rao L.S. Sinha Shri Sharda Cold Retreads (P) Ltd., (LIM-24)
1986-88 M.A.Khan D.K. Sen Grasim Industries Ltd., (LIM-26)0
1988-90 Saligram Singh A. Panigrahi Shree Engineering Services (LIM-15)
Ambuja Cements Ltd., (LIM-3)
1990-93 M. Fasihuddin B. Mishra S.N. Mohanty (LIM-62)
1993-95 K.K. Biran S. Chandrasekaran Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Ltd., (LIM-6)
1995-97 N.S. Malliwal Dr. P.V. Rao Gujarat Mineral Dev. Copr Ltd. (LIM-18) South India Mines & Minerals Industries (LIM-2)
1997-2001 T.V. Chowdary Late CLVR Anjaneyulu (S.G.)
2001-2003 R.N. Singh -do- Gujarat Sidhee Cements Ltd., (LIM-4) South West Mining Ltd. (LIM-40)
2003-2007 Meda Venkataiah -do- Sri Kumarswamy Mineral Exports (LIM-43)
Gulf Oil Corporation Ltd. (LIM-9)
2007-2009 R.P. Gupta Late CLVR Anjaneyulu & Shri A.S. Rao (Formerly IDL Industries Limited.)
2009-2011 Dr. V.D. Rajagopal A.S. Rao Sudarshan Group of Industries (LIM-047)
2011-2013 Dr. S.K. Sarangi -do- Hindustan Zinc Ltd. (LIM-60)
Tata Chemicals Ltd., (LIM-7)
2013-2015 A. Bagchhi Koneru Venkateswara Rao The India Cements Ltd. (LIM-16)
2015-2017 T. Victor -do- Tata Iron & Steel Co, Ltd (LIM-8)
Indian Rare Earths Ltd., (LIM-35)
Chapter Chairman Secretary Terra Reserves Determination
J.K. Cement Ltd (LIM-058) Technologies (P) Ltd., (lim-055)
Ahmedabad A.L. Thakor Dr. D.A. Pancholi
JSW Cement Ltd. (LIM-63) The K.C.P. Ltd., (LIM-22)
Barajamda M.C. Thomas R.R. Satpathy
Bailadila A.K. Shukla Pradeep Kumar Jubilee Granites India Pvt. Ltd., (LIM-23)
Thriveni Earthmovers (P) Ltd., (LIM-31)
Bangalore R.H. Sawkar K.R. Krishnamurthy Kariganur Mineral Mining Industry (LIM-41)
Belgaum Rachappa Dr. B.K. Purandara Transworld Garnet India Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-67)
Bellary-Hospet H. Yellappa P. Sreenivas Rao Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd., (LIM-33)
Tungabhadra Minerals Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-42)
Bhubaneswar S.K. Patnaik B. Patra Krishna Mines (LIM-27)
Goa Kishore B. Haldankar C.G.S.B. Varma UltraTech Cement Ltd.,
Lafarge India Pvt. Ltd. (LIM-69) A.P. Cement Works, (LIM-28)
Himalayan J.L. Sud Rajneesh Sharma
Hutti - Kalaburagi Prakash Shiojee Roy Madras Cements Ltd., (LIM-17) Ultra Tech Cement Ltd. (LIM-10)
Hyderabad N.K. Nanda Rajan Kumar
Manganese Ore (India) Ltd., (LIM-37) Veerabhadrappa Sangappa
Jabalpur D. Roy Manoj Sankar Singh
& Company (LIM-44)
Kolkata -- Rajat Boral M.P.L. Parts & Services Ltd., (LIM-14)
Rajasthan-Jaipur O.P. Gupta P.C. Bakliwal MSPL Limited (LIM-30) V. Thirupathi Naidu (LIM-34)
Rajasthan-Jodhpur Prof. Sushil Bhandari A.K. Jaiswal
Mysore Minerals Limited (LIM-45) VS Lad & Sons (LIM-38)
Nagpur S.M. Bothra Sharad S. Sapkal
New Delhi Prof. B.B. Dhar Prof. G.S. Roonwal My Home Cements Limited (LIM-70) V.V. Mineral (LIM-68)
Rajasthan-Udaipur D.S. Maru O.P. Soni
Maheswari Minerals (LIM-65) W.B. Engineers International Pvt. Ltd., (LIM-13)
Raipur V.D. Mali Mukhesh Thawait (Laterite Mine Owners and Traders)
Rayalaseema P.V. Krishna Yadav K. Amarnath Reddy Institutional Members
Singareni B. Ramesh Kumar K. Laxminarayana National Aluminium Co. Ltd, (LIM-1)
Tamil Nadu M. James G.R. Magesh NMDC Ltd. (LIM-20) Reliance Cement Co. Pvt. Ltd.
Veraval-Porbandar N.K. Nuwal Vinod Saraswat P.I. Minerals Pvt. Ltd.
Visakhapatnam R.H. Rao K. Hari Krishna Obulapuram Mining Co. (P) Ltd. (LIM-54)

Editorial Board Editorial
There has been a need for a durable policy on mineral exploration,
Shri T. Victor Chairman though mineral prospecting and exploration were going on for over a
century, without (a) guidelines on mandatory inputs to explorations, (b)
Prof. B.B. Dhar Member robust operation procedures and (c) ‘must-do’ check-lists. Coal, gold,
base-metals, limestone, iron and manganese ores, bauxite and other
Shri B.K. Mohanty Member minerals were explored, and also extracted from mines all over India
without an exploration policy. The Gross National Products (GNP)
Prof. Gurdeep Singh Member were also computed year after year prior to annual budgets based on
the exploration results sans exploration policy. GNP is the value of all
Shri S.K. Agrawal Member finished goods and services produced in a country in one year by its
nationals and citizens.
Shri P.C. Bakliwal Member
Though 1997 saw the “United Nations Framework Classification for Reserves / Resources--
Solid Fuels and Mineral Commodities” (UNFC-1997), the Indian exploration organizations did
Shri Dipesh Dipu Member not adopt or even try this classification. Even as late as 2009, “United Nations Framework
Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources” (UNFC-2009) which
Dr. P.T. Hanamgond Member evolved into a system applicable to all extractive activities, covering solid mineral and fossil
energy resources (oil, gas, coal and uranium), did not make appreciable impact in our country
Dr. S.K. Mukhopadhyay Member in the beginning, but there was a realization that this system could be a solution to report the
quantum of mineral resources explored. Yet, even at that stage, Indian exploration agencies
Prof. Sushil Bhandari Member could not progress much on those
lines, since they were (and are
Shri K. Venkateswara Rao Member still) not mandated to deal with The mineral and mining industry
the ‘Economy’ (E) and ‘Feasibility’
(F) aspects of the UNFC-2009,
appreciate the initiative of the current
Editor and were assigned the task of policymakers in creating and putting up
alone ‘Geology’ (G) axis of the
Dr. H. Sarvothaman
classification matrix. The situation the draft NMEP in the public domain.
continues even today since the
(Off. : 040 - 23200510) organizations which conduct geological aspect of the mineral explorations under G4, G3,
Cell : 94901 89807 G2 and G1 stages still are neither assigned the responsibility to deal with the Economy and
Feasibility components or have those organizations voluntarily assumed this role in defining
the reserve or resource in terms of all the three constituents-EFG-of the UNFC-2009 matrix.
PUBLISHER
Consequent upon certain undesirable practices in the Indian mining industry since 2008,
the requirement of a policy on mineral exploration has been felt by the policymakers and
Koneru Venkateswara Rao
implementers, exploration agencies and the market forces, in the context of:
Secretary General,
• Computing the monetary value of the minerals mined by those in the industry, including
Mining Engineers’ Association of India the traders, investors, bourses and market regulators who are concerned about tradable
Mob: 092987 59625 resources, and the viability and profitability of the companies that deal with the extracted
minerals.
subscription rates • Continuous and uninterrupted provision of fund for the expensive exercise to support
the whole gamut of exploration protocol for best results.
Indian Foreign • Spell out clear mandates for the exploration ventures undertaken by the State agencies,
PSUs and private companies.
1. Subscription for
• Provide guidelines that fix bottom-line for the exploration of different commodities such
1 Year Rs. 550/- US$60 as the disseminated, bedded, strata-bound deposits and so on.
• Public reporting of the quantity and quality of the explored commodities in an international
system or format as a regulatory measure.
2. Single Copy Rs. 50/-
Very recently in 2015, the policymakers have realized the importance of a crucial role of the
geological organizations in defining the mineral reserves or resources in clear, comprehensible,
The Journal will be despatched collectively uniform and inclusive terms. Towards this objective, the policymakers had taken
the first step to create the draft National Mineral Exploration Policy (NMEP). The mineral and
positively on 29th/30th of every mining industry appreciate the initiative of the current policymakers in creating and putting
month by post to all the members up the draft NMEP in the public domain. Now that the draft NMEP has been analyzed in
depth in these columns of Mining Engineers’ Journal from February to May 2016 (Volume-
and subscribers. The publisher is 17 Nos.7-10), adequate corrective steps need to be taken by all concerned to overcome the
not responsible for its non-receipts inadequacies pointed out in the draft NMEP document.
by the addressees.

Mining Engineers’ Journal will henceforth illustrate the progress achieved by Indian mining industry on the
cover page. Mining professionals and companies are welcome to send photographs of their mines / equipment
for this purpose. Environment development surrounding the mines and photographs illustrating CSR activities
may also be sent. Explanation of about 5 (five) lines need to accompany the photographs. ---- Editor
News From the mining world

à India looking at maiden auction of rare earths India’s colonial British administration, is likely to be
Indian government is looking to tweak its rare earth revived by the Narendra Modi government. The Kolar
mining policy and open a window for the auction of at gold mines, located about 100 km east of Bengaluru
least one rare-earth deposit to step up production in in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, stopped
the short-term. The eligibility criteria for the bidders production in 2001 because of a crash in gold prices
were not yet clear and no details were available as to and operational inefficiencies. These mines, which
whether the auction would be open to only government yielded about 25 million ounces of gold in over 150
owned miners, private miners or both. According to a years, will soon be restarted by the ministry of mines.
senior official in the Mines Ministry, the government was In February 2016, Balvinder Kumar, India’s mines
looking at one rare-earth deposit in the central Indian secretary, told Reuters that the government plans to
desert province of Rajasthan to be put on the block, on auction the Kolar mine, along with two others.
an experimental basis, to widen the number of rare-
earth miners in the country and ramp up production On April 11, Australian miner Citigold Corp said it
to pose a challenge to China, the largest global had formed a consortium with the Essel group, an
supplier of rare earths. The government-owned Indian Indian conglomerate, to bid for the mining assets in
Rare Earths Limited was currently the sole miner and Kolar that belong to state-run Bharat Gold Mines Ltd
producer of rare earths in the country. It also has joint (BGML). “The purpose of the alliance is to acquire the
ventures with Toyota Tsusho for production of mixed assets of BGML from the government of India, which
rare earth chloride. The official said that Geological had previously operated the mines as a public sector
Survey of India (GSI) had been directed to complete undertaking,” the statement said. An email sent to the
a baseline survey of 1000 sqkm in the Barmer desert Essel group hasn’t been answered yet.
and one deposit would be considered for auction. The
History: Kolar’s fame is seven centuries old. Gold from
survey was expected to be completed over the next year
here was said to have been used in the Indus Valley
and would be auctioned for further detailed exploration
civilization (BCE 2600-1900). Roman historian Pliny
and mining projects, he added. Preliminary studies
referred to gold mines in the area in CE 77. Kolar’s
indicated that the rare-earth deposits in Barmer would
modern history begins with the British firm John Taylor
offer opportunities to extract low thorium. According
and Sons. In 1880, the engineering firm was hired to
to the Ministry official, the trial auction would enable
scout for gold in a last-ditch attempt to find the precious
the government to gauge the response of domestic
metal at the mine after other prospectors are failed.
miners to entering into rare earth mining, which until
They struck gold and a mini-boom followed.
now was considered a greenfield area for the domestic
mining industry. Simultaneously, the maiden auction Commonly referred to as Kolar Gold Fields (KGF),
would enable the establishment of auction parameters, in 1902, it became one of the first Asian cities to be
including determining base price, all of which would electrified. Following India’s independence, the mines
have very different parameters than the auction of were nationalized in 1956. In 1970, BGML took control
major minerals. The renewed focus on expanding rare- of the mines. The firm wasn’t much of a success as
earth mining in the country followed the government aggressive hiring hit profits. In 1989, the company’s net
reassessment of the country’s monazite reserves, in worth turned negative—that is, its liabilities were more
late 2014. As previously reported by Mining Weekly than its assets. In subsequent years, it was declared
Online the official data on monazite was revised sick and forced to cut its employee strength from
upwards by 1.25 MT to 11.93MT new exploration and over 8,800 to around 3,500. In 2001, operations were
assessments by GSI. stopped and the BGML factory shut shop. Since then
miningweekly.com: 31-3-2016 BGML employees have taken legal recourse and the
12,713-acre KGF is now mostly a ghost town.
à India looks to revive an ancient mine and strike
gold again Golden chance: If the mines reopen, India may be
An ancient Indian gold mine, which later thrived under able to provide for at least part of its ever-rising gold

demand, which is the world’s second-biggest behind mineral concession rules, which would offer limited
China’s. In 2015, demand for the yellow metal rose 2% leeway to provincial governments to undertake mining
to 848.9 tonnes in India, according to the World Gold of atomic minerals, subject to conditions. Currently,
Council. Much of the domestic demand today is being mining of atomic minerals was under the sole purview
met through imports, 900 tonnes in fiscal 2015, even of the federal government’s agencies under the scrutiny
as thousands of tonnes are stashed away in its many of the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration
temples. In 1905, India was the world’s sixth-largest and Research, within the purview of the Department
gold producer, at an annual 19.5 tonnes, according to of Atomic Energy (DAE). However, once the new
the Geological Survey of India. By 2007, production fell concession rules kicked in, provincial governments
to 2.5 tonnes. Today, India isn’t anywhere on the list would be permitted to undertake mining of such
of the world’s top gold producers, mining less than a minerals, subject to atomic mineral content being lower
two tonnes annually. If production is restarted at KGF, than a pre-determined threshold. The Atomic Mineral
it could help cut India’s $35-billion (Rs.2.3-lakh-crore) Concession Rules 2016 had been circulated among
gold-import bill. Talk about golden opportunities. various stakeholders, including local governments,
Quartz India<qz.com>: 12-4-2016 mining industries and associations, with the latter
asked to submit their responses and feedback by April.
à Massive uncut diamond fetches ‘record $63 million’ The new concession rules proposed that in cases
where a prospecting report indicated the occurrence of
minerals and the quantity of atomic minerals contained
in the ores was less than the threshold limit set by the
DAE, the provincial government may grant the mineral
concession to such area. But the minerals discovered
during the mining operations would have to be handled
and disposed in line with rules set by the DAE and the
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. However, in the case
that in prospecting stage it was determined that the
atomic mineral content in the ore would be higher than
the threshold limit, the provincial governments would
have to follow stricter guidelines. These included that
the local government would demarcate the area where
a mining lease was proposed, submit a proposal for
Canadian mining company Lucara Diamond announced the grant of a mining lease over the area identified
the sale of a huge 813-carat diamond for a record $63 and submit it to the federal government seeking that
million (55 million euros), ahead of the sale of an even a federal government owned company or agency be
bigger one. The sale of the massive “Constellation” granted such a mining lease.
diamond was “the highest price ever achieved for a
rough diamond, breaking all records,” CEO William It has been proposed in the new rules that in the case
Lamb said. of provincial governments undertaking mining, the
lease period be for 50 years or until resources were
The name of the buyer for the diamond, discovered in exhausted, or whichever was earlier. However, in the
Botswana, was not divulged, nor the conditions of the fine print of the rules, it has also been proposed that in
sale overseen by Nemesis International. The record is the case of an existing mineral concession, discovery
unlikely to last very long. Lucara is preparing to auction of atomic minerals be subject to fresh appraisals by
an even larger 1,109-carat diamond at Sotheby’s in the federal government. In such a case, if the atomic
London on June 29. Lucara shares had soared by mineral was less than the threshold level, the existing
concessionaire would be allowed to continue mining
8.58% by mid-afternoon on the Stockholm market.
operations. However, if the atomic mineral content
The key shareholder in the Canadian company is the
was higher than the threshold limit, the existing
Swedish Lundin family.
concessionaire would be permitted to continue
PTI & hindustantimes.com: 10-5-2016 operations only if the reconnaissance permit of the
block was granted before January 12, 2015, and only
à India mulls restricted window for atomic mineral on approval of a government owned mining company.
mining If the existing miner was not eligible to receive a mining
Indian government has proposed tweaking the atomic license for the atomic mineral the provincial government

would have to terminate its mining lease and the holder (EC) are facing the risk of closure in the state, though
of the reconnaissance permit be compensated for owners who have applied for EC till March 31 have been
expenditure incurred on the reconnaissance project. granted relaxation till May 31 to operate and receive
miningweekly.com: 14-4-2016 EC. NGT on May 4 refused to grant further extension
to the mine owners for getting the environmental
à Saskatchewan potash companies lack major 2016 clearance. “Mine owners who have not submitted the
supply deal applications for environmental clearance as on March
If you’re looking to make money in the short term, 31 to State Environment Impact Assessment Authority
potash companies are an investment to avoid due to (SEIAA) and DEIAA, shall be shut down forthwith and
a low commodity price, demand and an outstanding will not be permitted to carry on any mining activity in
international contract, according to a Saskatoon-based any manner whatsoever,” noted the bench.
investment advisor. “With the oversupply in the market,
there tends to be … pressure on prices,” said Sean In its earlier ruling on February 27, 2012, the SC had
Meshke, an advisor with Prairie Wealth Management in made it mandatory even for the mines under 5 hectares
Saskatoon. Potash prices are hovering around an eight to get the clearance. The state has to grant ECs to more
year low and Meshke said they could dip further due than 30,000 mines. Officials though claim that it would
to an outstanding contract. Saskatchewan producers be impossible to issue ECs in such a short time. “State
authority lacks the manpower to grant EC of this scale.
have yet to ink their 2016 supply deal with Chinese
In 2015, it received 13,000 applications but could issue
importers. In 2015, a deal was finalized in March, while
only 1,100 ECs,” added the official.
in 2014 it was in place by January. The price China
pays for potash likely sets a benchmark for its world timesofindia.indiatimes.com: 9-5-2016
market price, according to Joel Bruneau, a University
of Saskatchewan resource economics professor. “They à BHP Scales Back Canada Potash Spending Amid
want the potash, they just want it at a good price,” said Commodities Downturn
Bruneau, who added that China buys roughly 20% BHP Billiton Ltd., the world’s biggest mining company,
of Canada’s potash. “I think they recognize that the is reducing spending on a potash mine in the Canadian
market is soft and therefore proportionally they have prairies by about one-third amid the decline in
even more power than they would have had in previous global commodity prices. The Australian company is
years where there’s a lot of buyers out there and there’s allocating less than $200 million in capital expenditure
a lot of people buying.” in the current financial year to develop and study the
feasibility of the Jansen project, down from $330 million
An industry union staff representative told Global in the previous 12 months, said Giles Hellyer, president
of BHP’s Canadian unit. “We’re doing more with less,”
News that there is confidence a deal with eventually
Hellyer said in a March 4 telephone interview from
be finalized. Bruneau said it wasn’t clear that 2016’s
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. “The intent is to be a lot
negotiation timeline is the “new normal.” “The Chinese
more effective and efficient in what we’re doing and
economy has slowed down and you can see this
complete the work over a slightly longer time horizon.”
maybe reluctance to make this contract or a willingness
to negotiate harder as sort of symptomatic of that
BHP has so far approved $3.75 billion to a feasibility
slowdown,” said Bruneu. “If China starts to stabilize …
study and initial construction work on the project, which
then you might expect them to go back to the standard
has yet to get a final go-ahead from the company.
practice of negotiating a little bit earlier.” The future for Construction crews at the site are excavating and
potash minded investors could also be brighter than the lining two mine shafts, which may be complete in the
present. The commodity is mostly turned into fertilizer next two to three years. Commercial production won’t
and many experts believe it will help feed a growing start before 2020. Potash prices have tumbled amid
world population. Meshke said it may be a good increased production. Farmers are spending less on
investment for those playing the long game. “Sooner or fertilizer amid bumper crops and lower agricultural
later that supply and demand in-balance will come and commodity prices. Rival producer Potash Corp of
rectify itself and you will see it go the other way,” said Saskatchewan Inc. idled one of its mines in January in
Meshke. response to the oversupply.
globalnews.ca: 14-4-2016
The situation at Jansen is far from unique. The world’s
à About 30,000 mines likely to shut down in biggest mining companies are reining in spending,
Rajasthan as a rout in commodity prices squeezes profits and
After National Green Tribunal (NGT) orders, about forces the closure of older and higher-cost operations.
30,000 mines that are yet to get environmental clearance BHP faces the additional challenge of a potential

multi-billion-dollar liability arising from the Samarco other locations beyond provincial boundaries, local
dam disaster in Brazil, which killed at least 17 people. governments could not be asked to forsake this part of
The company has narrowed its focus under Chief their revenue stream. The NMP, slated to be unveiled
Executive Officer Andrew Mackenzie to four so-called by the Mines Ministry in the next couple of months,
pillars, or key commodities -- iron ore, oil and gas, coal was expected to lay down the framework for a slew
and copper -- with potash seen as a future fifth pillar. of fiscal incentives for private exploration and mining
Melbourne-based BHP said last month that Jansen companies to undertake exploratory projects in at
is 54% complete and management has highlighted least 100 prospective mineral reserves across various
the project as a key contributor by the middle of next provinces. Indications were that the NMP would entitle
decade. BHP remains confident about the long-term exploration projects to reimbursements of expenses
demand outlook for potash, seeing growth of about incurred in projects based on specific parameters set
3% a year, Hellyer said. And while BHP reduced the out in the policy. But according to the officials, what had
number of workers at Jansen in 2015, it will probably raised the hackles of the provincial governments was
add employees in the next 12 to 18 months, he said. the proposal that part of the incentives to exploration
companies would need to be met from the royalty
Break-Even Price: Jansen’s development requires a receivables of the local government once projects
long-term potash price of more than $400 a metric ton for extraction were commercialised. Under an NMP
to achieve an acceptable rate of return and probably provision, an exploration company would be assured of
more than $500 a ton to compete for capital against a definite revenue stream from the royalty receivables
BHP’s other growth options, Macquarie Group Ltd. of the provincial government for a period of 50 years,
analysts wrote in a Feb. 17 note to clients. BHP declined even if the exploratory agency did not itself undertake
to comment on commodity prices. Potash prices in the an extraction project but it was taken up by another
Gulf of Mexico have fallen 44% over the past year to miner. According to the Mines Ministry, the sharing of
$200 a ton, according to data from Green Markets. royalties between local government and the exploration
investor formed a crucial part of the twin incentive on
offer under NMP. As the first benefit to exploration
“At the moment we’re focused very much on developing
company, a reverse auction would be held under which
a robust case for Jansen,” Hellyer said. “We continue to
mineral exploration companies would put in their bids
believe in those long-term fundamentals in potash and
to secure exploration rights of the blocks which would
the long-term story around the requirements for new
be based on bids for royalty in the case of successful
capacity beyond 2020.”
discovery, or compensation claims in the case of no
bloomberg.com: 10-3-2016 discovery. The successful bidder in the reverse auction
would be the exploration company bidding for the
à Indian provinces oppose sharing royalty for lowest share of royalty from that payable by a miner to
exploration projects the provinces or the lowest claims of reimbursement in
Several Indian provinces have expressed their the case of no discovery. Post successful exploration,
reluctance to loosen the purse strings to promote when a mineral block would subsequently be put up
mineral exploration within their respective geographies. for auction for extraction of resources, the exploration
These provinces have communicated that they were company could be offered the first right of refusal to
not willing to let go any part of their revenue streams match the highest bid and secure mining rights to the
from mining activities, thereby throwing a spanner in block it had explored.
the federal government’s plans to incentivise mineral miningweekly.com: 03-03-2016
exploration through the New Mineral Policy (MNP),
currently in the works. According to an official in the à Enterprises in India prone to repeat attacks, mining
Mines Ministry involved in formulating MNP, provinces worst-hit: Symantec report
like Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and West Enterprises in India were the sixth most targeted
Bengal have pointed out that revenue streams from globally by cyber-criminals, with victim firms often
minerals extracted from their respective territories being subjected to at least two attacks, says the latest
formed a crucial element in meeting capital and edition of Symantec’s Internet Security Threat Report.
revenue expenditures of local provincial budgets and Public utilities and financial sector were most likely to
in meeting the developmental commitments of the be targeted again while mining was the highest risk
respective governments. Some of the provinces, such prone sector with at least half the companies recording
as West Bengal, claimed that since the provinces had at least one attack in the last year.
no control over the end-use of minerals extracted
within their territories and most often the extracted Forty percent of BFSI businesses were also attacked
minerals were transported for value addition to at least once, the report said, pushing India up to No.

adding that the number of companies that chose not
to report the number of records lost jumped by 85%.
India’s fascination with social media means every sixth
social media scam impacts the country. The country
recorded a 156% increase in social media scams,
mostly spread by manual sharing. On the positive side,
India is losing its tag as spam capital of the world,
thanks to a steady decrease in the amount of spam
originating from its borders. After ranking 6th in 2014,
India now ranks 18th as a source of spam. However,
it continues to rank as the third top source of overall
malicious activity including spam, malware, phishing
The most worrisome trend was the doubling in the number of zero-
day attacks from 24 in 2014 to 54 in 2015 (Source: Symantec)
hosts and bots, the report said. Kaura also underlined
a worrying trend in the case of targeted attacks with
3 ranking for most financial Trojan infections globally the number of such malicious emails and recipients
as per a recent research by Symantec on Financial showing a fall. While this might seem positive, he said
Threats 2015. While only 30% of targeted attacks were it actually showed that the cyber criminals were able to
on large enterprises (down from 60% in 2014), they execute attacks with fewer emails.
were six times more likely to be targeted at least once indianexpress.com: 21-4-2016
a year compared to small businesses.
à Six months on, few takers for auction of mineral blocks
Six months after auction process was initiated for 43
mines across 12-mineral bearing states, only six blocks
have managed to find buyers, prompting the Centre to
direct the states to put in “greater efforts”. States had
identified 43 mines bearing minerals such as iron ore,
bauxite, gold and limestone for auction in the first phase.
Only six mines have been auctioned, which will earn
revenue, including royalties, of Rs.18,146-crore. At a
high-level meeting of representatives from Centre and
the states earlier this month, Union Mines Secretary
Balvinder Kumar expressed his “dissatisfaction” on the
India ranked No. 3 for most financial Trojan infections globally as per
slow pace with only six blocks having been auctioned
a recent research by Symantec on Financial Threats 2015 (Source:
Symantec)
by three states. At the Coordination-cum-Empowered
Committee (CCEC) meeting, Kumar directed the
states to put in “greater effort” on their part to ensure
Tarun Kaura, Director, Solution Product Management
the success of the auctions.
for Asia Pacific and Japan, Symantec said the most
worrisome trend was the doubling in the number of The representatives from various states are believed
zero-day attacks from 24 in 2014 to 54 in 2015. “In to have said that land ownership, distance of the
the case of Zero Day attacks no one knows these mine from production site and eco-sensitive zones in
vulnerabilities existed,” he said, highlighting the case the vicinity of the mine were some of the issues that
of Italy’s private intelligence contractor Hacking Team discouraged potential bidders from participating in the
ended up being hacked. Underlining how cyber auctions. Andhra Pradesh had to extend the date of
criminals were becoming more organised, he said: initial bids for six limestone blocks to April 30, 2016.
“We are even seeing low-level criminal attackers create “Out of the six blocks, only three blocks have received a
call center operations to increase the impact of their total of seven applicants, three each for two blocks and
scams.” Kaura added that they are now adopting best one for a block. Land ownership was informed to be
enterprise practices for coding and even hiring. The one of the major impediments for applicants in coming
other big trend was malware increasing at a staggering forward,” the Andhra representative said at the CCEC
rate with 430 million new malware variants discovered meet. Goa said that there was no scope for more iron
in 2015. Last year is also being called the year of the ore blocks to be put for auction and requested Mines
mega breach with over half a billion records being lost Ministry to approach Supreme Court for relaxing the
in nine incidents. The largest data breach ever publicly cap on production of the ore. Gujarat attributed the low
reported was also last year with 191 million records participation by bidders to large distance of limestone
compromised in a single incident, the report said, mine from market / plant and restriction on use of

limestone for captive purpose only. Karnataka said unchanged for the third meeting since starting a
that the on-going auction process has been extended tightening cycle in December, in line with expectations,
due to issues regarding the stamp duty and that it is and policymakers reiterated that rate increases will be
holding discussions on amendment of the Stamp Duty gradual. Holdings in exchange-traded funds backed by
Act. Maharashtra has put the blame on some blocks gold rose 1.6 metric tons to 1755.6 tons, data compiled
being in the Western Ghats, an eco-sensitive zone. by Bloomberg show. Bullion of 99.99% purity advanced
0.5% to 261.95 yuan a gram ($1,257.53 an ounce)
Industry body FIMI Secretary General R K Sharma on the Shanghai Gold Exchange. Spot silver climbed
said that the industry is passing through a “very rough” 0.5% to $17.3580 an ounce. Platinum rose 0.4%, while
phase. “With the slowdown in economy and meltdown palladium was little changed.
in commodity (metal) prices globally, there is less
Bloomberg & mineweb.com: 28-4-2016
enthusiasm among the prospective investors to go
for bidding,” he added. Jharkhand tried to auction its
first gold mine earlier this year for which three firms, à Chhattisgarh to put 10 mines for auction
including mining giant Vedanta, had evinced interest, Elated with the success of the first phase of the auction
a senior government official said. Later, the state held in February this year, Chhattisgarh government
shelved the auction and fresh tenders for two gold has decided to put 10 more mines carrying limestone
mines are now expected by the end of this month or and bauxite deposits for auction. Of the 10 mines,
in May. Industry wants the government to complete eight contain limestone deposits, and the remaining
exploration of mines before auction so that bidders two are bauxite mines. In February this year, the state
have access to information that can help them take an government had auctioned four mines, including three
informed decision. The Mines Ministry has announced limestone and one gold mine. The state exchequer
an Inter Ministerial Group (IMG) to expedite post- had garnered Rs.4000- crore through the auction.
auction clearances and approvals to ensure that mines Under the Mines and Minerals (Development and
become operational at the earliest. Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, that came into
PTI & Business Standard: 24-4-2016 force last year, states have been powered to auction
iron ore and non-coal mineral mines. Prior to this, state
à Gold powers higher as BOJ’s surprise inaction governments would allocate mines. But in a bid to
hurts the dollar bring in transparency, companies now have to acquire
Gold got a surprise lift from Haruhiko Kuroda after mines through competitive bidding.
the Bank of Japan governor opted against boosting
stimulus in a decision that battered the dollar and put “The department has started the process and is
prices on course for the longest run of gains in more completing the formalities at the Centre level,” a senior
than 11 weeks. Bullion for immediate delivery rallied as official with the mining department told.
much as 0.9% to $1256.59 an ounce, the highest level
since April 21, and traded at $1254.34 in Singapore, While limestone mines have been located in Raipur
according to Bloomberg generic pricing. Before the and Balodabazar districts, bauxite mines have been
BOJ’s decision, gold had been as much as 0.6% lower, discovered in Sarguja area. The new limestone and
and the BOJ’s unexpected move to stand pat spurred bauxite mines are crucial for the state’s industrial
a gain of more than $10 an ounce in a few minutes. growth. Chhattisgarh has seven cement plants with all
leading cement manufacturers of India having facilities
Gold has risen 18% this year, partly as central bankers in the state. The new limestone mines will create
in Japan and Europe deepened stimulus in an effort expansion opportunities for cement companies already
to kick start growth, and also as investors scaled back present and give new players a chance to invest in the
expectations for US rate increases. The BOJ decision
state.
to hold off went against the forecasts from a slight
majority of economists surveyed by Bloomberg, who’d
The Vedanta-controlled Bharat Aluminium Company
projected additional action. The Bloomberg Dollar Spot
Limited (Balco) will be eyeing the bauxite mines that
Index fell as much as 1%, the biggest drop since March
will be put up for auction. The company is planning to
17, as the yen rallied. “A weaker dollar index, due to
a stronger yen, as the BOJ decided not to introduce enhance its aluminium production capacity in Korba
more stimulus at its board meeting today has provided facility to 1 MT per annum. The bauxite deposits in
support to gold prices,” Vyanne Lai, an economist at Sarguja’s Mainpath and Kawardha are fast depleting
National Australia Bank, said. “It appears that the BOJ and will last for just three more years. The company
prefers to take some time to assess the effectiveness is also looking for bauxite deposits in neighbouring
of the negative interest rate introduced three months Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand.
ago.” The Federal Reserve left its benchmark rate business-standard.com: 3-5-2015

MEAI’s
Professional Competence and Excellence building Programme on
“Application of Rock Mechanics in Opencast and Underground Mining with Case
studies” on 24th & 25th June 2016
by Mining Engineers’ Association of India Head quarters, Hyderabad
This two days training programme is ‘as part of MEAI’s continuous effort in developing Professional Competence and Excellence’
among mining professionals.
Now a days, most of the stability of opencast and underground excavation design and construction are based on the sound principles and
good understanding of best practices of Rock engineering, whether it may be pit slope stability, underground stope design, excavation
sequencing, or design of waste dumps or tailings impoundment structures for the storage of tailings from Mineral processing plants.
Ensuring Safety and Stability of the excavation is of primary concern to the planners, operators and the mine managements. During
the project stage, or operational stage , proper planning and design of surface or underground excavations can be achieved based
on geo-technical/ rock mechanics investigations for ascertaining the envisaged strata conditions to avoid unexpected consequences
and costly mistakes, which may lead to loss of production and safety concerns. The 2-day training programme will address day to
day stability problems in working mines and to how to minimize the risks associated with long-term stability and safety for enhancing
productivity followed by case studies from our Mines.
The case studies include slope stability analysis of selected Iron ore, chromite and other mines, Design of underground excavations,
support methods, stoping methods, pillar design and phasing of extraction, from lead-zinc, copper, chromite and coal mines. In
addition, design of waste dumps, stability aspects of waste dumps and tailings dam design and construction for ensuring the long-term
stability will be discussed. Monitoring of the stability of structures with different types of on-site geo-technical instrumentation will be
discussed including site selection planning, installation and interpretation of strata conditions.
DAY-1: MODULE-1.
Brief Introduction of Rock Mechanics, Principles and basic concepts- Site investigations, Site selection, Geo-technical drilling, logging,
RQD and discussion of Geo-mechanics classification and its application to site characterization. Laboratory and field methods for Soil
and Rock testing, Effect of ground water on strength properties, and interpretation of results. Design of waste dumps, tailings dam for
ensuring long –term stability and safety.
Day-2: MODULE-2
Slope stability Analysis in Mines: General concepts, Different types of failure modes, Factor of safety and stability, Factors causing
slope instability, Design of stable slopes, slope monitoring using field instrumentation, slope stabilization, and sensitivity of slopes due
to blasting and vibrations.
Stability of Underground Structures: Basic concepts of underground mining methods Design of underground openings, stress-strain
behavior, In-situ stress and measurement, induced stress, rock mass failure criterion, scaling effects in rock mechanics. Numerical
modeling, Design of stopes, pillars, strength estimation of rib and crown pillar, Ground support design, mine subsidence analysis.
Design of transportation tunnels, underground rock caverns etc. Case Studies will be presented at the end of the session.
Training Director:
Dr. A.Santha Ram, earned his Ph.D. on “Slope Design Guidelines for Friable Ore Bodies ( open pit mining ) by Department of Mining
Engineering, VNIT , Nagpur. He is having over 38 years of practical experience with Rock engineering projects, Engineering geology,
mineral conservation and systematic development of different mineral deposits in India and abroad. Actively involved with geo-
technical and rock engineering problems associated with need based industry sponsored projects for over 18 years and completed
over 30 field oriented mining projects. Dr. Ram, Presently an independent Geology/Geotechnical and Mining Consultant and also
Senior Consultant for GAT MINING Ltd, Ghana. He is Visiting Professor with Geology Department, Nannayya University and Andhra
University. He loves teaching and imparting field training for students.
Who can Participate: The training programme has been tailored in such a way to handle the day to day practical problems faced
by the mining engineers, geologists, civil engineers, mine management, Government departments, mine safety and other related
disciplines.
Venue: MEAI Hqtrs. Lecture Hall, Training can be given to 15 to 25 members (max.); Training Fees: For 2 days training Rs 5000/-
plus service Tax @14.5 %. For MEAI Members Rs 4000/- plus service tax @14.5 %. Payment Details : The amount can be sent by
D.D drawn in favour of Mining Engineers’ Association of India, Payable at Hyderabad Or by E. Transfer : Bank details - Savings bank
account in the name of “Mining Engineers’ Association of India”. Andhra Bank Account Number: 037810100028696 Andhra Bank,
Nampally Branch, Hyderabad, IFSC Code: ANDB0000378.
The trainees will be provided working lunch, Refreshments and the kit containing folder, notebook, pen and pencil during the training
period.
Secretary General, MEAI

MEAI Snippets
à Boulby potash mine workers injured in fire below Power Corporation (OHPC). It was awarded two coal
sea bed blocks under the public sector undertaking (PSU)
Seven workers were taken to hospital after a fire broke dispensation route for 4x660 MW expansion project
out at a potash mine, hundreds of metres below the sea of OPGC in Jharsuguda. “We need Rs.1,500 crore
bed. The blaze started at the ICL UK Boulby mine in to develop the two coal blocks. While Rs.1,100 crore
East Cleveland at 00:30 BST. The workers, who were would be met through loan to be raised from PFC and
1,100m (3,600 ft) under the sea bed and five miles REC, the balance Rs.400 crore would come from the
(8km) from land, were treated for smoke inhalation and promoters,” said a senior government official. OCPL
later discharged. Polystyrene blocks are believed to was incorporated in January 2015 as a wholly owned
have caught fire in the mine. More than 100 staff was subsidiary company of OPGC. OHPC was given a
underground at the time, 11 of whom were temporarily shareholding in OCPL. OPGC will nominate four
unaccounted for, a spokesman for the mine said. members to OCPL board of directors and the OHPC
three. The energy secretary will be the chairman. “The
John Chilton, who has worked as a miner for 29 JV Company plans to start the mine operation by
years and is a representative for Unite union, said an April 2019 in accordance with the stipulations of the
underground fire was “the biggest fear for any miner”. efficiency parameters of allotment agreement signed
“People are shaken, but miners are a very strong with nominated authority. Most of the major permits
community and we are gathering together,” he said. and clearances and regulatory approvals including
The fire was extinguished and HM Inspectorate of environment and forest clearance are already in place
Mines said a full investigation into the incident would for the project,” said Energy Secretary. The total reserve
be carried out. Mining operations at the site have been of the two coal blocks is 531 MT. Coal will be mined
temporarily suspended. One of Europe’s deepest initially from Manoharpur block with rated capacity of 8
mines, the site employs about 1,100 people. Last year, MT per annum. With OPGC planning to add two more
the company announced it was shedding hundreds of units of 1,320 MW after the completion of the existing
jobs as part of a “new business strategy” to produce expansion plan, the coal production capacity will be
fertilizer polysulphate. further enhanced to 15 MT per annum, said an official.
“OCPL will set its own benchmark in efficiency in mining
bbc.com: 13-4-2016 operations and uninterrupted supply of quality coal
fulfilling fuel requirement of the 4x660 MW expansion
à Tennis ball-sized diamond up for auction, could project of OPGC. This is a step towards making Odisha
fetch $70 million a power surplus state,” said Energy Minister.
IANS & timesofindia.indiatimes.com: 21-4-2016
à Maharashtra: SEIAA says no to new stone quarries,

cite NGT rules
The State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority
(SEIAA) is clear that they would not give any clearance
for any stone quarry. It has stopped issuing clearance
for the stone-crushing units. “After the NGT had
stated that there would not be any stone-crushing
unit operating, the SEIAA too has decided not to give
A 3-billion-year-old, 1109 carat diamond, of the size of any permission,” said a member. The Maharashtra
a tennis ball, the largest discovered in over a century, Pollution Control Board in an affidavit filed recently
could sell for more than $70 million when it’s auctioned with the National Green Tribunal has stated that of
by Sotheby’s in June. the 165 stone-crushing units operating in Wagholi
timesofindia.indiatimes.com: 5-5-2016 and adjoining three villages, only two have met the
statutory guidelines. The NGT post had observed that
à Odisha PSU to invest Rs.1,500-crore in mining the running of stone crushers was severely damaging
Odisha Coal and Power Ltd (OCPL) will invest the environment, resulting in adverse impact on the
Rs.1,500 crore in developing Manoharpur and Dipside people’s health and degrading the conditions in the
of Manoharpur coal blocks to meet the fuel needs area. The SEIAA took note of this observation and has
of a power project in Jharsuguda district. OCPL is decided not to give permission for any site. The bench
a 51:49 joint venture (JV) between Odisha Power was hearing a plea by Uttamrao V Bhondwe, a resident
Generation Corporation (OPGC) and Odisha Hydro from one of the affected villages, alleging large-scale

air pollution caused by unregulated operation of à Coal Mining Jobs In India - Urgent Jobs at jobtome.
stone crushers and quarries in Wagholi, Bhavadi, com
Perene and Lonikand in Haveli taluka. Bhondwe had Log onto: jobtome.com/Jobs
complained that the MPCB and the Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) were apathetic to the issue of à Eldorado reviewing Greek decision on Skouries
strictly implementing the provisions of law to control gold mine
such pollutions. Last month, the bench had directed Eldorado Gold has received a decision from Greece
the MPCB to submit a complete list of stone crushers on a technical study for the Canadian miner’s stalled
and quarries operating in these areas. The SEIAA had Skouries gold project there, but the company declined
earlier asked for an environmental assessment report
to disclose the details until the document had been
and air quality for these areas from the collectorate.
translated and reviewed. Eldorado is awaiting a licence
indianexpress.com: 15-4-2016 for the mine in Halkidiki, a forested area in northern
Greece, to determine whether to restart construction.
à Iron ore’s surprise rally looks on borrowed time After years of confrontation with the government over
Caught between slowing Chinese demand and environmental concerns, Vancouver-based Eldorado
relentless production growth 2016 was supposed to be halted development in January, saying the government
bring more pain for the iron ore industry, which has seen
had been delaying necessary permits.
prices tumble since peaking at nearly $200 a tonne five
years ago. So far things haven’t played out that way. miningweekly.com: 06-5-2016
Instead of sinking to $30 a tonne as many analysts
had predicted, the steelmaking commodity has surged à Australia to join Extractive Industries Transparency
in value. Boosted by rising Chinese steel prices and Initiative
supply disruptions in Australia and Brazil, it has gained Federal Resources and Energy Minister Josh
more than 50% this year and hit a 15-month high of Frydenberg has revealed that Australia will join the
$68.70 a tonne. If sustained the rebound, which has Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI),
made iron ore the top performing major commodity of an international standard for increased transparency
2016, could add billions of dollars to the bottom line and accountability in the oil, gas and mining sectors.
of big producers such as BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto and The EITI is a global coalition of companies, civil
Vale. societies and governments from 51 countries working
ft.com: 24-4-2016 to improve transparency and accountability in the
global resources sector. Countries implementing the
à Iron ore jump doesn’t excite WA government EITI disclose information on taxes and other payments
Iron ore price has reached $70 a tonne for the first time made by companies in these sectors to governments.
in more than a year but the West Australian government EITI members also disclose information related to
is not allowing itself to get swept up in the excitement. licences, contracts, production rates and exports.
Treasurer Mike Nahan said the overnight jump was
miningweekly.com: 9-5-2016
nice, but he did not expect it to last long, and would not
let it influence the government’s long-term forecasts
à Impact of drought on economy pegged at Rs
for the commodity. It’s very nice that it’s high, but all I
can say is that no one predicted it would fall in the last 6,50,000 crore
two years, no one predicted this increase and no one Drought in 10 states is estimated to impact the economy
is predicting it will stay there,” he told reporters. “If it by at least Rs.6,50,000-crore as about 33 crore people
remains, yeah it’s good, but one day does not make us across 256 districts are facing the grave situation, a
rich.” The treasurer attributed the spike to a stimulus study has revealed. Due to two consecutive years of
in China, particularly in apartment building. Dr Nahan poor monsoon, water shortage in reservoirs as well as
said he had “very conservative” forecasts of the iron lowering of ground water table has created a serious
ore price, with Roy Hill and Vale mines expected to challenge for the drought-affected areas in 10 states like
increase global supply next year. “It’s a highly uncertain Maharashtra and Karnataka, the study by Assocham
commodity and this just emphasizes the difficulty said. “The rough estimate indicates that this drought
of funding the state revenue on the base of such an will cost national economy at least Rs.6,50,000-crore
unpredictable and fluctuating source of revenue. It’s in or say $100 billion,” it said. The impact of drought is
the hands of the commodity gods” he said. likely to remain for at least six months more because
watoday.com: 24-4-2016 one needs resources and time to revive the activities on
ground even if monsoon is predicted to be normal this
à Mines Jobs in Rajasthan - Thousands of Jobs at year, it said. The loss of subsidies on power, fertilizer
indeed.co.in and other inputs multiply the impact, it added.
Log on to: www.indeed.co.in/Mines+Rajasthan economictimes.indiatimes.com: 11-5-2016

Readers’ Views
I. An opinion on people-centric approach
This refers to the “News from the Mining World” published
in Mining Engineers’ Journal of April 2016, in pages 9 and
10—‘Adivasis’ last stand: Odisha’s Khandadhar the new
battleground against mining’. To me it appears as the
result of mere development-centric approach that ignores
the welfare of the people. It is unfortunate that the Adivasis
have experienced environmental degradation due to mining,
particularly the decrease in availability of water. Naturally
therefore they have stood up against mining. This should
not however cause any concern as the mineral resource
would remain in the ground for mining in future as and when
the local community finds in it the potential of transforming
their quality of life. R. N. Bhargava
CMD, Ecomen Laboratories Pvt.Ltd.
In my opinion, this could be possible if concerned authorities Flat No. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V
consider a people-centric approach, give up the idea Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024
of granting mining rights for major mining projects and
instead promote the idea of granting mining rights to the III. Roadmap for NMEP
local community, to their representative body namely the Congrats once again for delivering improved quality of MEJ.
Panchayat, and make them the owners of mines. The Mr. T. Victor, the President’s message is informative and
Government as a facilitator may provide them expert technical inspiring. Editorial is incisive and critical in detailed analyses
and managerial support and enable the community to get of the draft NMEP. While offering my compliments may I
engaged in labour-intensive mining. Such a project would comment as follows: 1) On demand that Basic Geoscience
not require much capital investment. There is no need for data and maps sharing by GSI on Geology, Geochemistry
investing on drilling and blasting; it could be out-sourced to and Geophysics--- these have been the cardinal pillars of
contractors. Also transport could be arranged on contract by the MoM and GSI data accessibility and sharing policy in
owner-driven trucks. The community will only spend on the order to attract private investment in mineral sector in India.
purchase of crow-bars, pick-axes, hammers and tagaries. However, these are not readily available in public domain
Marketing would also not be any problem as demand for owing to existing poor capacity infrastructure of GSI Portal
iron-ore will only grow further. Such a project may generate that has been under up-gradation. 2) Similarly the data on
enough earnings for providing welfare amenities; in any important mineral commodities is also uploaded on GSI
case, various Government schemes for housing, education Portal as Detailed Information Dossiers (DIDs). Besides,
and health could also be availed by the community. the Baseline Documents pertaining to various thematic
Committees of the CGPB are also available. 3) However,
I am suggesting this approach not only in the above case, I concede that in addition to mere descriptive details, a
it could be adopted in respect of sand mining and mining lot more syntheses and prognostication is desired to be
of lime-stone and bauxite. A beginning could be made achieved.
from the areas where the local communities come forward
to accept it as an opportunity of improving their economic The roadmap for implementing NMEP should have following
condition and the quality of their lives. I consider that it is milestones with a definite time bound delivery mechanism
much easier to control environmental degradation in case of put in place for rigorous monitoring of high quality data
labour-intensive small-scale mining. generation and dissemination: 1. To delineate new target
D.N. Bhargava areas through syntheses and integration of multidisciplinary
Controller General (Retd.), IBM, earth science data in vast tracts of areas, for which
Pune potential is yet to be established. GSI needs to strengthen
the Mineral Prognostication. 2. To discover concealed ore
bodies / extension areas in the already delineated potential
II. New book authored by MEAI Member belts. Involvement of scholars from Universities/ Research
I am glad to inform you that I have authored a book, ‘Ecology Organisations and exchange programmes from time to
& Environment’, along with three co-authors of USA time need to be encouraged for cross-fertilization of ideas
published by TERI. This information may be of interest to and new concepts in ore-modeling, etc. 3. To prove deep
our readers. seated nature of deposits which are otherwise explored

upto at shallow level. Need to probe upto 2500m bgl. 4.
To generation of state-of-the-art high quality baseline data “Application & Adoption of Solar
with regular involvement of State DGMs and other stake- Power in Mining & Allied Industries”
holders.
The Workshop as captioned above was conducted by MEAI-
Dr. Sudesh K. Wadhawan New Delhi Chapter in association with Federation of Indian
LM, MEAI; Adviser [Geosciences]; Former DG, GSI Minerals Industries (FIMI) on 7th May 2016 at FIMI Auditorium,
New Delhi. Shri R. Sridharan, Additional Secretary, Ministry
DIDs and CGPB documents are in public domain, indeed, of Mines, Govt. of India was the Chief Guest in the Inaugural
but there is no mention of them in the draft NMEP. Mention Meeting of the Workshop. Prof. B.B. Dhar, Chairman, MEAI-
of ‘OGP areas’ is made in draft NMEP, but OGP area New Delhi Chapter warmly welcomed the Chief Guest, MEAI’s
list and the map showing OGP areas are not in public Office-Bearers and National Council Members, key-note
domain. --- Editor speakers, delegates and special invitees. Shri A.K. Kothari, Vice
President-I, MEAI spoke on MEAI’s activities on mining matters
in the country, and gave an account of the status of small mines
IV. Appreciation in Rajasthan. He said that MEAI is ready to help on matters
relating to mining and requested the Additional Secretary,
Mr. Victor, thanks to your initiative, there has been remarkable MoM to involve MEAI in policymaking. Shri S.K. Pattnaik, Vice
improvement in the activities of MEAI. The journal also looks President-II, MEAI expressed similar views.
refreshing and meaningful, thanks to Dr. Sarvothaman.
Shri R. Sridharan, Additional Secretary and Chief Guest
Regards.
appreciated the idea, theme and timing of the conference in the
B. K. Mohanty
light of the recent Paris Convention wherein Energy Efficiency,
Advisor, Society of Geoscientists and Allied Technologists Green Energy and Carbon Footprints were the main focus. He
and former Director of Mining and Geology, Odisha recounted as to how the recent interventions with the aid of
D-20, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar- 751 014 government support helped installation of many Wind and Solar
units across India. While assuring the ministry’s continued
support, he encouraged interaction between industries and
technocrats for promotion of current technologies. Shri T. Victor,
President, MEAI said that with its 5000-strong membership
strength across the entire country, MEAI would be able to
support government’s efforts to increase minerals’ contribution
to GDP to grow to 5-7%. He said that MEAI has assumed
leadership role for dialogues with SME and CRIRSCO in the
matter of reporting mineral resources.
Information Brochure on the ‘3rd International conference on
Hutton India Conference, 2016 will be held on Advanced Technology in Exploration and Exploitation of Minerals’
27 November 2016 at Badruka College, Kachiguda, to be held at Jaipur on 20-22 January 2017 was released by
Hyderabad-500027. Themes of the Conference are as Shri R. Sridharan on this occasion. Shri N.N. Gautam of MEAI-
follows: New Delhi Chapter proposed the vote of thanks, in which he
recorded special thanks to FIMI and its Secretary General Shri
Theme-I: Origin of Granites of India; Sub-theme-1: R.K. Sharma for the kind gesture of hosting the workshop in
Granite in Various Domains: Traits & Inter-relations. Sub- their premises.
theme-2: Granite & Associated Rocks / Xenoliths: IUGS
The Workshop that ensued was chaired jointly by Shri Sakti
Petrography & Chemical Characteristics. 3. Granite:
Banerjee and Prof. Gurdeep Singh, Vice Chancellor, Vinoba
Types & Petrology; Tectonic Domains & Origin. Bhave University, Jharkhand. A paper titled ‘Application of Solar
Theme-II: Present is the key to the Past: Evidence Power in Mining and Allied Industries’ was presented by Shri V.K.
from Indian Geological Formations. Sub-theme-1: Jain. Shri R.N. Bhargav spoke on ‘environment, global climate
and energy need in mining and solar energy use in mines in
Sedimentation Pattern & Tectonic Activities through
general’. ‘Issues and challenges before mining industry for solar
Geologic Ages. Sub-theme-2: Geologic Disasters & energy adoptions’ were dealt with by Shri S.K. Chawla. Shri S.
Climate Changes through Ages. Bhatnagar presented a view on the ‘Industrial and Mining product
There is NO registration / delegate fee, but prior registration profile of NAS’. Shri B. Chakraborty made a presentation of the
‘Application of Solar Energy in mining in KPMG’. ‘Solar power
is essential. Researchers, scientists and academicians
application and opportunities in mining and allied industry’ were
are welcome to attend with advance intimation. Papers for highlighted by Shri Rakesh Kumar. At the end of the workshop,
presentation on the above themes are solicited. Please Prof Gurdeep Singh and Shri Sakti Banerjee summed up the
send abstracts to: huttonindia2016@gmail.com. For technical presentations and complimented all the speakers for
further information, please log on to: www.huttonindia. their efforts in infusing new technologies in Mining.
com. - Editor

THE STATUS OF BACKFILL APPLICATIONS IN UNDERGROUND HARD
ROCK MINING: A REVIEW
M. N. Bagde
Abstract:
The paper presents in brief the review of the status of backfill applications in underground hard rock mining. The importance of
backfilling in cent–per-cent recovery of the economical ore with due care of ground control, improved stoping environment and
how it helps in waste management and flora-fauna of our green earth is also discussed. Various recently reported studies are cited
covering new developments in backfill material with its significance and importance in achieving tight filling with improved
ground control and stoping environment. Through this brief review, path is put forward that need of the hour is indigenous basic
research to develop suitable backfilling technology with reference to Indian mining industry and its sustainability.
Introduction
1980s Research & development of paste backfill
Backfill acts as a major ground control support measure
in underground hard rock mining as well as helps in waste 1990s Implementation of paste fill
management of surface waste disposal into underground.
Mostly mill tailings, waste rock from the development 2000s R & D of foam/gel/grout based backfill*
headings or quarries, hydraulic sand filling and the most
2010s Implementation of foam/gel/grout based fill*
popular one world-wide, where highly mechanized mines
with mass production is being practiced at present,is
the paste fill. Canada seems to be the pioneer of backfill Present status of backfill
technology. However, Europe and Australia also had In the recent past, the paste backfill is being widely used
their share indevelopments of backfill technology and its due to the cost-effectiveness as an alternative backfill to
application. History of backfill dates back to the time when hydraulic slurry and rock fill in the case of mass production
mining was started and Kolar Gold Field Mines in India technologies. It is a method of mine-waste placement
leads the chart regarding application of backfill in their underground, since, mine tailings, fly-ash and waste rock
mines to mitigate the rock burst hazard and as a ground can be used as one of the constituents and/or binders. It is
control measure (CAIMIRO, 1995). The chronology of most estimated that at present around 25 operating paste backfill
important innovations in underground mine backfill is listed plants are in operation worldwide. In India, SindeswarKhurd
in Table 1. and Rajpura-Dariba Mines of HZL in Rajasthan are in
process of putting paste backfill plant to maximize ore
Table 1. Chronology of innovations in backfill (*modified recovery and mass production. Table 2 shows the present
after Landriauit,2001) status of different backfill technologies used in various
minesthroughout the world. The review and list provided
Decade Development
is not exhaustive; however, it shows that paste fill is being
Prior to 1930s Unconsolidated rock fill widely used at present.
1930s First consolidated rock fill In the 1960s, in several mines rock fill was used. As the
ore was extracted, the stope was filled up with waste and
1940s Hydraulic slurry backfill
subsequently cement slurry was added to provide strength
1950s Cemented hydraulic slurry backfill to be self-supporting. Addition of slurry at the same time with
rock fill placement was found to perform better than earlier
1960s Cemented rock fill one. This development of cemented rock fill is also being
Bulk stoping - free standing height widely used in various mines today (see Table 2) and most
- bulkhead design popular examples of its successful application includes Kidd
1970s - saturation control Creek Mine in Canada and Mount Isa in Australia. The next
-alternative binders-iron blast furnace slag innovation was replacing cement with cheaper alternatives-
-fly ash iron furnace slag and fly ash as well as others in cemented
CSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Regional Center, MECL Bhavan, Seminary Hills, Nagpur 440 006
Manuscript received: 2-2-2016; sent for peer review: 10-3-2016; received and accepted: 15-4-2016

Table 2. Status of backfill technology world-over
Reference Backfill Constituents Mining Methods Name of Mine Country Types of ore boy
Kuganathan, Paste fill Fibre reinforced open stoping George Fisher Mine at Australia Eleven stratiform Zn-
(2011) shotcrete Mount Isa Pb ore bodies with a
near N-S strike and
30 to 90 degrees dip
Pretorius et.al. Paste fill Brine based fly- Sasol Synthetic Fuels South Africa
(2011) ash pastes (Synfuels) plant in Se-
cunda, Johannesburg
James et al Cemented Dune sand and cut and fill min- Deeps Mine at Black South Africa wider ore body geom-
(2011) tailing run of mine ing Mountain Springbok etry and stress levels
tailing due to depth
Bagde and Cemented Open Stoping Canadian Shield Canada
Mitri (2012) Rock Fill,
Hydraulic fill
Kersten, (2011) Cemented Binder and Open stopping Nkomati mine South Africa Ore body are dis-
Tailing plants mining seminated and mas-
sive sulfides, long
linear body
Flib et al Hydraulic fill Potash pro- Pillar re-mining German potash & salt Germany -------------------------
(20011) cessing waste industry, Mine Bleich-
materials erode& South Harz
potash district
Wilson and Paste fill paste aggre- larger and more ---------- -------------- -------------------------
Calverd (2011) gate fill diverse stopes,
enabling greater
flexibility in min-
ing
Kirmani et al. Cemented Portland ce- mines in the Canadian Canada ------------------------
(2011) hydraulic fill ment, fly ash Shield
and blast
furnace slag
Brady & Brown Hydraulic fill Up-hole retreat Osbourne Mine Australia Copper gold mine
(2002) panel stoping in –flat dipping orebody
flat dip &uphole &upto 40 degree dip-
retreat bench ping orebody
stoping where
dip 40 degree
Bradly and Crushed Waste material long hole stopes South Deep Mine South Africa The ore body occur in
Matthysen waste/cyclone great depth and reef
(2011) classified form
tailings (CW/
CCT)
Steward (2011) full plant tail- long hole stopes South Deep Mine South Africa The ore body occur
ings (FPT) or in great depth and
cyclone clas- reef form
sified tailings
(CCT). metal-
lurgical tailings
Cemented fill
plant tailing
Nienaber paste fill waste rock long hole open Sunrise Dam Gold Australia flat or steep dipping
(2011). stoping Mine Cosmo ore body

Weatherwax et Paste fill Un-cemented open long hole Barrick Gold Mines Australia, ---------------------------
al (2011) waste rock stoping Corporation Papua New
filled Osbome copper gold Guinea,
cement and fly mine Queensland, Canada,
ash Porgera Gold Mine, Western
Williams underground Australia
and open pit mines
and David
Bell underground mine
HemloOntarino,
Kanowna Belle
Zhao et al Cemented phosphorus open stope Guizhou Kailin Group China ---------------------
(2011) filling chemical waste mining Co. Ltd.
Pekkala and Rock fill (RF) granulated sublevel stoping Pyhasalmi Mine Oy Finland massive ore and the
Kausmanen with cemented blast furnace and benching high horizontal stress
(2011) hydraulic fill slag and lime in the rock mass
(CHF)
Wang (2011) Fine sand ce- cement with fly ---------------------- Jinchuan Mine China -----------------------
mented filling ash
(Gau et al Cemented waste rock cut and Fill min- Anqing Copper Mine China ---------------------------
2011) rock-tailings ing
Lee et al Paste fill paste aggre- Kidd Creek Mine in Canada
.(2004) gate fill Ontario
Cai et al (2011) cemented total cut-and-fill Baixiangshan iron China thick orebody
tailings stoping method mine,
Manaras, et al pastefill tail- concrete cut and fill min- zinc mine New Bruns- Canada
(2011) ings interface ing wick
Wang et al pastefill and slurry Huize lead-zinc mine, Yunnan
(2011) tailings Jinling iron mine Shandong
Fang (2001) Pastefill Grund lead-zinc Germany
mine
Van Gool Pastefill Cemented --- Cannington mine Australia ----
(2007)
Status in India
Datta and Mill tailings cementing long hole stop- RajpuraDariba Mine India Joint sets, local faults,
Grice (2011) material ping, cut and fill folds, weak litho con-
stopes tacts with seepage,
intense shearing within
and outside the ore
body, and the random
presence of solution
cavities
Patil (2011) Mill tailings Slurry Sub-level stop- Hutti Gold Mine India Narrow ore bodies
ping
Divakera et al Waste rock huge waste Sub level stop- Sukhinda Chromite India Hard lumpy Chromite
(2011) overburden ing Mine Band
dumps
Singh (2011) Dry filling with Lumpy ore from Underhand cut- SukindaVellay India Friable Chromite band
aggregate of overburden and-Fill
lumpy ore with
8% cement
Author’s Knowl- Sand filling Hydraulic HCF MOIL mines-Balaghat, India Mn ore body-Strata
edge Kandri, Chikhla, bound, folded
Munsor, Gumgaon,
Bel-dongri

tailings fills. The slag was cementitious while the fly ash improved mining environment. Bulk-mining also used rock
pozzolanic effect, but both have resulted higher strength fill and/or cemented tailings and cement slurries as a backfill
over the longer time. material.
In the 1970s, selective methods such as cut-and-fill In 1980s development of paste fill is reported from Germany
and undercut-and–fill in sub-vertical base metal mining at Preiessage’s Bad Grund Mine. It allows full plant tailings
operations were replaced with highly mechanized bulk with solids to be transported at a paste consistency (180-
mining techniques. It is reported that in such mining upto 250 mm slump) to underground. It is transported via pipeline
60m of backfill column was successfully exposed while distribution system as in the case of hydraulic backfilling.
mining adjacent stope in Mount Isa Mines (Cowling, 1998). Paste has higher viscosity compared to hydraulic backfill,
While, Stacey and Kirsten (1989) analyzed mining at a depth which helps in greater resistance to flow and pipeline
of 5000m, using soft backfill for support and concluded that pressure. Cement segregation upon placement eliminates
such support would provide adequate support at great depth. due to lower cement content as well aswater:cement ratio.
This allowed the mining of secondary stopes adjacent to the The comparison between rock fill, slurry fill and paste fill is
primary extracted backfilled stopes with little dilution with provided in Table 3.
Table 3. Comparison between rock fill, slurry fill and paste fill (after Landriauit, 2001)
Properties Rock fill Slurry fill Paste fill
Placement state Dry 60-73% wt% solids 65-85% wt% solids

Raise, mobileequipment,
Transport system Borehole/pipeline via gravity Borehole/pipeline via gravity
separate cement system
Cemented vs. Un-cemented Cemented or. Un-cemented Cemented or. Un-cemented Cemented only
Low w:c ratio, high binder High w:c ratio, very low binder Low to high w:c ratio, low to
Water:Cement (w:c) ratio
strength strength high binder strength
Placement rate 100 to 400 tons/hr 100 to 400 tons/hr 50 to 200 tons/hr
Stockpile segregation, reduced Slurry settlement segregation,
Segregation No segregation
strength & stiffness low strengths
High stiffness if correctly
Stiffness Low stiffness Low or high stiffness
placed
Tight filling Hard to tight fill Cannot tight fill Easy to tight fill
Indian Perspective collapse, since timber support is used to provide support to

Backfilling dates back to the history when mining started. It the roof of the stope. It may not always be possible to prevent
is reported that Kolar Gold Field mines in India is the first collapse. However, filling most of the stope with sand helped
where rock burst is reported as well as backfilling used in preventing further collapse and allow mining on roof top
to mitigate the rock burst hazard. Same is the case with or adjacent reaches.
the Kirkland Lake gold mines, the lead-silver mines in the
Coeur d’Alene district of Idaho and the South African gold Initially, unconsolidated rock, waste material, surface sand
mines (CAMIRO,1995). In India square-set stoping method and gravel were transported through raises and mine cars
is still practiced in most of the mines (e. g. MOIL mines). to the stopes and backfilled in place manually. Though it
The reason is the presence of shallow-dipping ore-bodies, helped in increase of ore recovery,resulted in loss of time,
manual entry into mines with wider, more extensive areas excesslabour requirement, backfilling cost, cycle time and
of roof or back requiring the support. Earlier timber-sets or frequently causing backfill failure resulting in ore dilutionas
timber chocks were widely used as a support. However, it is in the case of fast extraction. This prompted advances in
being replaced in recent past with modern type of support backfill systems to achieve cost savings. Now a days in India
like roof bolt in tandem with cable bolts. Hydraulic sand filling also hydraulic sand filling (e.g. MOIL Mines), hydraulic mill
was put into stopes to confine the timbering and to provide tailings placement (Hutti Gold mines and Rajpura-Dariba
a solid platform for the men to work. The combination of of HZL) and most advance paste backfilling in HZL mines
support – roof/cable bolting with timber chocks (still used (Rajpura-DaribaandSindesarKhurd mines) are being in
whenever required) and sand filling helped in preventing operation and equipped to meet future challenges. This

helped in increasing and maximizing ore recovery with and–fill stopes are also converted to bench filling. In the
improved mining stoping environment. bench mining, significantslice of height is being blasted as
compared to conventional cut-and–fill stopes. This helped
It is necessary to make the Indian mining industry globally in increasing the production per cycle of filling. Need of the
competitive and economically viable by introducing hourin India is to change conventional type of cut-and-fill
modern mining techniques of fast extraction with advanced mining to mass production long-hole bench filling. This will
backfilling system, safe and economically feasible. The help our industry to be competitive one with the mining
long-term challenges also include environmental issues industry World over.
and health impacts. In future mining should not endanger
health and welfare of the local inhabitants and should not A Few Facts about Backfill as Support Measure
leave noticeable marks in nature. In this scenario, a stable Though backfill is considered as a waste management tool,
social infrastructure and a flourishing society is acceptable it is a well-established and it is a fact that it provides good
when the mining ceases. The advanced mass production supportto the surrounding rock mass. If placed immediately
technologies with delayed backfill of placing waste/rock after the extraction of ore without much delay, it provides
material from mining into underground seem to be an ideal confinement to pillars, stope walls and helps in resisting
solution. In our country, a lot of waste material from opencast, further deterioration of exposed and unsupported rock. It is
underground mines as well as fly ash, tailings from various said that backfill has a limited direct effect on the mining
plants are deposited on the surface damaging ecology and induced stresses due to delay in placement. It is generally
flora-fauna. Introduction of backfilling where this material expected that backfill should be placed immediately after
can be used as a one of the constituents and put back to ore extraction; however, it is not always possible in mining
underground will help in waste management and regaining environment to do so.
back flora-fauna of the our green earth surface.
According to author’s numerical modeling study
It is reported that at SindesarKhurd Mine of HZL excavation (BagdeandMitri, 2011) and comparing the results presented
of lead-zinc ore is being planned by sublevel stoping with in Fig. 1, the confining effect offered by backfill significantly
paste fill to extract cent-per-cent of the ore after leaving a reduces the stress concentration zoneparticularly at the
crown pillar (Porathur et al 2011). According to Patil(2011), stope roof. When crown unfilled gap of 0.5 m is backfilled
narrow payable ore bodies, conventional methods of mining completely; stress concentrations zone reduces significantly
and poor grade of the metal content in the ore and increased at the roof of the stope compared to unfilled gap. However,
cost of inputs posed a formidable challenge to Hutti Gold stress concentrations at the bottom of the stope remains the
Mines Ltd. He opined that introduction of bulk mining same in both the cases, since tight filling is already ensured
technology and more efficient beneficiation of low grade ore at the bottom of the stope. This suggests the importance
with special emphasis on increasing productivity is the need of tight filling in high stress conditions (here k=1.8). From
of the hour.To ensure stabilityinHutti Gold mines immediate this, it is concluded that even in high horizontal in-situ stress
bulk filling with classified mill tailings is being carried out conditions, backfill acts as a good support measure and
which helped in minimizing wall closure and pillar stresses helps in mitigating the rock burst prone conditions. Fig. 2
reducing strata control problems. Classified mill tailings were and Fig 3, also demonstrate the importance of tight filling
successfully used in the form of slurry containing about 60% over the conventional one and how high-performance
solids with pulp density of 1.65. foamated tailings material and Filpackare used to achieve
tight filling near the roof and close to the walls to improve
Singh (2011) recommended the use of cement concrete mining stoping environment and ground control.
containing 8% cement to mine out friable chromite ore in
Sukinda Valley, Orissa by underhand cut-and-fill underground
mining. He suggested the coarse aggregate to be prepared
from the over-burden dumped during mining of lumpy ore.
Subsequently the fill is packed in the stope by dry filling
machine. He opined that this type of fill is also technically
feasible and cost effective.
Singh and Singh (2011)surveyed and reported thatlong-

hole open stoping with delayed backfill is the most widely
used methodWorld-overnow days. In mines where cut-and-
fill mining was practiced earlier haveopted for long-hole
open stoping with backfilling and subsequent recovery
of pillars between two filled stopes. The conventional cut- a. Horizontal stress distribution with and without 0.5m gap

b. Good hanging wall contact using Filpack
b. Vertical stress distribution with and without 0.5m gap Fig. 3. Pictures showing applications of Filpack to achieve tight backfilling in
Fig.1. Stress distribution after extracting adjacent stope 2 ground control and support (Killassy et al. 2011)
Conclusions
The presented review and status on backfilling in hard rock
mining signifies the importance of backfilling technology
in mining industry and its sustainability. Apart from waste
management as a misconception, backfilling provides good
support and helps in improving mining stoping environment
in underground hard rock mining with mass production
and cent-per-cent recovery of the ore. It is expected that
backfilling will also help to address issues related to
environmental concerns and save flora-fauna. In view of this
a. High-performance foamated tailings material close to the roof at Fankou need of the hour is basic R and D initiatives inbackfilling
Lead-Zinc Mine in China technology area which will go a long-way to address related
issues and suitable indigenous technology for the future
sustainable mining.
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October 13-15, Puri, Orissa, Singh UK, Murthy VMSR &Choudhary BS 100% exports of all grades of 60%Mn in MnO product,
(Eds), 53-61.
Technology available. For more details contact us at our
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E-Mail ID kshir.saiteja@gmail.com or call us at our cell
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with Backfill, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 21-
28.
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Underground Mining Methods-Engineering Fundamentals and International

CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
IN DEEP OPEN PIT MINES
(P. Balamadeswaran*, A.K. Mishra**, Phalguni Sen**, and M. Ifthikhar Ahmed***)
Abstract
Minerals are of prime importance for advancement of civilisation. It is evident from the fact that the minerals are considered as
treasures of any country. However, to keep pace with rapid industrialisation, minerals have been exploited without giving due
consideration to environmental degradation. It is well known information that some of the biggest open-pit mines worldwide
producing a variety of minerals have already reached and many will reach their final pit limits in the next 5 to 10 years.
The natural environment consists of nitrogen (78.09%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%), carbon-dioxide (0.03%), water
vapour (5%) and some insignificant accounts of neon, helium, krypton, xenon and radioactive emissions. Any variation is
considered as pollution. No doubt nature has bestowed upon the environment an immense assimilation and self-purification
capacity but yet the quantum of pollution at present exceeds this capacity. It is quite challengeable to predict the self-purification
capacity of environment, hence it would be wise to adopt steps for adequate treatment of waste material and its controlled
discharge into the environment so that it can strike balance by self-purification. In this paper, the authors review the mechanics of
environmental issues arising out from large scale and highly mechanised deep open pit mines which are currently being developed
at a faster rate across the world. The authors provide measures and mining strategy to cope up with it.
1.0 INTRODUCTION work and it includes the working environment factors such
The current world is depending more on fossil fuel for energy. as ambient temperature, dust, illumination, noise, chemical
Mining and processing of these fossil fuels contribute to air contaminants, etc, which requires regular monitoring.
environmental degradation. Though these contribute to ‘External Environment’ defines how a mine worker is
environmental variations, their development (Regulated exposed to the pollution of mine surroundings in terms of
and sustainable) is essential for any country’s social and waste dumps and slime disposal and finally the process of
economic growth. In India, the mining industry (including reclamation of land (mine closure stage).
fossil fuel) is contributing to approximately 3 - 4% of GDP.
Mineral industry in India is showing an average growth 2.0 WORKING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
rate of 6% per annum over the past decades. Therefore, When mineral resources are considered as non-renewable
the demand of minerals including coal is increased due and mining is degrading the environment, then sustainable
to domestic and industrial needs. Hence, it is essential to development means use the minerals in such an intelligent
increase the production primarily though latest technologies way that the limited resources may last for a longer period
besides opening new projects. Since the nationalization of of time and environment damage can be brought under
coal mines, the mineral production from surface mines has control. Sustainable development can be achieved if mining
increased by 12 times whereas the underground production activity keeps in mind of the terms significant to environment
has remained stagnant. In surface mines, cost of production - ‘Resource Management’ and ‘Environmental Impact’. The
is low, working conditions are safer with higher recovery resource management involves the rate and nature of mineral
percentage. However, the surface mining contributes exploration and exploitation. The challenge now is how to
more environmental degradation. Environmental control in minimize and manage the effects of ecological damage for
surface mines can be broadly divided into two categories, sustainable development. To achieve all these objectives, it
one of comprising of ‘Working Environment’ and the other is important to know and understand the certain parameters
‘External Environment’. The working environment is the associated with mining operations which cause the damage
one to which the mine worker is exposed in his day to day to environment.
*Assistant Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering,

Guindy, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025.
**Professor, Dept of Mining Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand.
***Chief Executive Officer, Geo Exploration & Mining Solutions, Salem, Tamil Nadu.
Manuscript received: 8-12-2015; sent for peer review: 11-1-2016; Received after peer review and revised manuscript
accepted for publication: 30-1-2016

2.1 Ambient Temperatures hole, within which particles are generated by the crushing of
Higher ambient temperatures due to pollution caused by the rock due to comprehensive-shear failure. The radius of
thermal radiations would lead to heat stress, physiological zone is assumed as the distance from the blast-hole zone
disorders, reduced vigilance, increase in reaction time, to the point where radial stresses exceed the compressive
disturbance of delicate mental operations in the mine strength of rock mass (Kanchibotla et al, 1999). By
workers. This factor is not so important in open pit mines and discontinuing the use of detonating cord as downline and
however it requires attention in particularly when the open also by use of aggregates as stemming material in the holes
pit mines expands vertically and laterally with high powered, compared to use of drill cuttings has considerably reduced
large capacity heavy earth moving equipments are in use. dust. Similarly, water plays a crucial role in controlling the
dust generated by blasting. The area surrounding the blast
2.2 Dust should be thoroughly sprayed beforehand. This precaution
Dust is formed when fine particles become entrained in the will prevent dust settled out during previous operations
atmosphere by the turbulent action of wind, by the mechanical become airborne. A uniform rock moisture content of only
disturbance of fine materials, or through the release of 1% greatly reduces dust compared to dry rock (Bhandari,
particulate-rich gaseous emissions. In general, dust has two 2012). However, since it is difficult to wet rock uniformly under
dimensions – the particle size and chemical composition. realistic mining conditions, the optimum moisture content
It is well known phenomenon in the mine environment that can be much higher. The water used for dust suppression,
the dust particles of size range to 1 µ to 5 µ are known to particularly in drilling and in blasting, should be as clean as
cause respiratory disorders and diseases. Particles smaller possible, because the evaporation of dirty water can also
than 1 µ are not trapped in the respiratory system but are release dust.
expelled during exhalation. The particles higher than 5 µ do
not find their way to the respiratory system. Even if a few Another effective method is to delay the carrying out of
enter they are removed by the system and it never cause blasting operation until the unfavorable wind and atmospheric
harm as that of particles between 1 µ to 5 µ. The free silica conditions ceases, in protecting areas adjacent to the mine.
in the dust plays a significant role which is the root cause But, it requires some flexibility in the blasting schedules of
for pneumoconiosis. The rules and regulation in a number surface mines. The present explosive fume mitigation and
of countries cover the maximum permissible limit values of risk management systems are reactive and require blast
dust concentration and its content from free silica dust. designers and blasters to confirm parameters such as
explosive quality, water ingress and ground strength without
In the case of drilling operation, liberation of dust can be suitable techniques for quantification (Julian et al, 2015).
controlled by either by wet drilling or in other words water
flushing or by means of dust extraction and collection which When the depth of a mining pit is increased, an open air
ensures that the dust is not allowed to mix with atmospheric space with characteristic properties under extreme physical
air. However, the recent development in the drilling field has conditions is created (Baklonov, 1986). The depth has a
brought the method of binding the dust with a foaming liquid significant effect on the air flow patterns within the mine. In
(water plus a foaming additive) and the foam with the bound case of shallow pits, air flow expands gradually, without any
dust is forced up to the surface of the rock with flushing air gap in mine area. There is a little compression of flow line on
during the flushing operation. Similarly, the dust produced outlet area due-to action of flow inertia. In case of medium
at crushing and transfer points on conveyor system can depth mines, fluid vortex has shape of flattened ellipse
be effectively suppressed and exhausted at the source of whose height and width differ significantly. The higher wind
liberation by using sufficient quantity of water spray jets and speeds attribute to the lesser deposition fluxes and lesser
by providing suitable exhaust system for the areas. concentrations of particulates due to the elongation of the
particle plumes generated inside the pit. Further, higher
The recent surface mining activities often involves huge wind speeds cause an elongation of particulate plume and
tonnages thus increasing potential for greater dust hazard. a reduction in the airborne concentration and deposition flux
Hence, the blasting operation is carried out in most of the gradients observed near source (Appleton et al, 2006).
surface mines to achieve the higher production target,
generating very large quantities of fines or dust. It is 2.3 Noise and Vibration
reported that the amount of fines produced ranging between In the highly mechanised open pit mines, the problem of
20% and 40% in the aggregate production (Mitchell et al, noise and vibration in the working environment increases
2008). It is important to achieve the goal of reduced fines with presence of more number of heavy machineries and
generation. As far as the dust produced from the blasting large scale blasting to achieve higher output from the mines.
operation concerned, it was justified that the dust generation The main objective should be reduction of noise level to
and dispersion are generally influenced by blast design which the mine worker is exposed or reducing the time that
parameters and execution. The fine material is assumed to they are exposed to high noise levels. Based on the ILO
originate from a cylindrical crushed zone around the blast code of practice the following standards and guidelines have

been recommended for attainment as far as practicable by feeling in their hands and fingers and cannot control them.
the regulatory agency such as DGMS: This phenomenon is called Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome
(i). A warning limit value of 85 dBA is set as the level (HAVS), and is also known as “white finger,” or “dead finger”
below which very little risk to an unprotected ear, or “Reynaud’s Syndrome”. Workers in mines with high levels
or hearing impairment exists for 8 hour exposure. of exposures to pneumatic hammers, equipment operators,
(ii). The danger limit value shall be 90 dBA, above stone drillers, and stonecutters suffer mainly with HAVS.
which the danger of hearing impairment and
deafness may result in an unprotected ear. In the case of vibration factor, the available scientific data is
very scanty. Hence, the efforts should be to reduce vibration
affecting the upper limbs and the lower limbs which is being
It may not be sufficient only with known absolute value of
caused while operating pneumatic hammer tools for drilling.
sound to which a mine worker is exposed as indicated in the
The other cause is whole body vibration transmitted through
above recommendations. Therefore, the factor – ‘Noise Dose’
the supporting surface particularly the large capacity heavy
is more significant as it considers the duration of exposure.
earth machineries such as dumpers, etc are being operated
The Noise dose is calculated from the noise level to which
in the surface mines.
a person is exposed and the duration of that exposure. A
noise dose of 1.0 may be obtained by exposure to steady
2.3.1 Blast-Induced Vibrations
noise level of 90 dBA over a period of 8 hours. For every 3
A major concern in the blasting operations being carried out
dBA increase in noise level the permitted exposure time is at deep open-pit mines is the excessive generation of ground
halved, so that 93 dBA over 4 hours or 96 dBA over 2 hours vibration, air blast and their effect on nearby structures. The
will each give a noise dose of 1.0. It also means that noise blast-induced vibration is transmitted as compressive (P)
levels would need to be lower for a person working for more waves, transverse shear (S) waves, and surface Rayleigh
than 8 hours in a 24 hour period, as for instance, over a (R) waves that depend on the type of medium through which
12 hour shift a noise level of just over 88 dBA would give a it passes. However, it should be noted that blast-induced
noise dose of 1.0. ground vibration is directly proportional to the square root
of the charge mass. Therefore, it limits the effectiveness of
Therefore, the first consideration in reducing the noise charge mass reduction as a method of reducing vibration
exposure is through engineering noise reduction. It may levels, as other factors are often more important. The
include modification of process, enclosing machines, characteristics of blasting vibrations depend critically on
providing a sound-attenuating enclosure for the operators the amount of explosives detonated at any given time,
of a combination of these methods. As far as the heavy the delay intervals employed in the blast design, and the
earth moving machinery is concerned, the construction prevailing geological conditions. The proper combination of
and design of machine may help in reducing the noise level explosive weight and delay timing is such that which allows
to which the operator is exposed. Currently it is evident sufficient room for expansion of the rock mass (swelling)
the hydraulic drilling system replacing the pneumatic jack between rows in multiple row blasts. It has been conclusively
hammer type drilling in the quarries has brought down the demonstrated that the vibrations resulting from a single-
noise level considerably to which an operator is regularly hole/delay blast and a multi-hole/delay, both containing the
exposed. However, a temporary but a permanent solution same total explosive charge, are significantly different (Roy
to this problem of exposure to high noise level is provision et al, 2012). However, a clear understanding of the causes
of hearing protectors which are available in the form of ‘Ear- or factors which influence generation and propagation of
pugs’, ‘Ear-Muffs’ and specialised ‘Ear-Protectors’. ground vibration is desirable to keep the ground vibration
within desired levels.
Vibration can be defined as an oscillatory motion of particles
around their reference point of equilibrium in a solid body, Basically ground vibrations at a point near blast site
a liquid or a gas (Drogicina and Razumov, 1972). As far as depends on the distance from blast site, maximum charge
vibration is concerned, ‘Hand arm vibration’ (HAV) exists per delay, type and amount of explosive, stemming length,
as a common issue in the mining industry which has been initiation sequence of pattern, time delay between holes and
defined as the transfer of vibration from a tool to a worker’s rows, priming sequence, geo-mechanical characteristics
hand and arm. The amount of HAV is characterized by the of the strata and sequence of blast hole detonation. The
acceleration level of the tool when grasped by the worker use of blasting vibrations, and the peak particle velocity in
and in use. The vibration is typically measured on the particular, has become indispensable in providing guidelines
handle of the tool while in use to determine the acceleration for safe blasting in terms of minimizing damage to residential
levels transferred to the worker. Vibration from tools can structures (Dowding, 1996). In India, Directorate General
even damage the blood vessels of operator’s hands and of Mines Safety (DGMS) prescribes 10-12.5 mm/s as the
fingers. The reduced blood supply can then harm the skin, safe limit ground vibration. The introduction of high accuracy
nerves and muscles. As a result, workers experiences lose electronic detonators and usage of controlled blasting

techniques such as presplitting in such deep open pit mines of such deep open pit mines. Surface water drainage paths
are having the capability of reducing blast-induced vibrations through and around the mine must be designed, constructed
remarkably (Mishra et al, 2003). and maintained such that water does not pond at the crest
or the toe of the slopes of the pit. In deep open pit mines,
Similarly, the noise (air-overpressure) generated from the surface drainage design should be planned by considering
blasting operations is influenced by the factors such as the consequences of flooding, including loss of life, injury to
• Charge mass and distance from blast; personnel, equipment damage, and loss of production.
• Face height and orientation;
• Topographic shielding; 3.0 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
3.1 Waste disposal
• Stemming height and type;
The surface mining activity is always associated with
• Blast hole diameter to burden ratio; removal of considerable amount of waste or overburden
• Burden, spacing, and sequential initiation timing; and disposal of the same is a major problem in the mining
• Meteorological conditions. industry. The first and foremost in this is the control of waste
disposal in the form of waste dumps. The choice of location
Here, the authors have also observed from their experience and mode of disposal would undoubtedly play an important
that if the generated air over pressure (noise) crosses the role in reducing the pollution of the environment by these
level of 120 dB near habitat area, then the complaints rises waste products of mining activity in open pit mines which
which sometimes become cause of poor industrial relation should be considered wisely during the planning stage
and in extreme cases, it also affects the production of the of any mechanised open pit mines. Further, the dump
mine. locations must be identified in advance by drilling to know
the competence of foundation for dumping (Sen, 2004).
2.4 Groundwater and surface water control
The open pit mines excavated below the ground water Similarly, the construction of tailing dam is another anti-
table need some form of dewatering and depressurisation. pollution measure being carried out in the mechanised
Water pressures in structural defects in the rock mass and open pit mines. The tailings pond formed behind the tailings
pore spaces in rock material reduce effective stress with a dam is utilised for collecting the slimes and the supernatant
consequent reduction in shear strength which may result clear water overflows through the spillway and flow into the
in slope failures in deep open pit mines and also causing downstream. These dams serve the purpose of reducing
environment pollution. pollution of streams and the pond so formed can be utilised for
recirculation of the clear water for use in mineral processing
At some mines with minor groundwater inflow from pit slopes plant. Further, this pond can be used for aquaculture.
and pit floor, evaporation alone can account for all dewatering
requirements. At other mines major pumping operations are In the case of tailing dam, the antipollution measures such
necessary. The approach to groundwater control can be by as aforestation of catchment area of dam and downstream
means of water abstraction methods such as: slopes can be undertaken through means of planting
• using in-pit and out-of-pit production bores, continuous trench mound plantations on the mounds with
• via sumps and/or trenches excavated into the pit trees such as Cassia Siamea, Pongamia glabra, Acacia,
floor, or Arabica and such other plant varities. The trenches could
• through sub-horizontal drainage holes drilled into be at 4 m intervals and planted with Bamboo or Eucalyptus.
the pit slopes. Currently, the micro-organisms or plants are used to detect,
degrade or remove environmental pollutants from water,
Each method can be used individually, or in combination soil, and air. It was also observed that the tailing slurries
to produce the required result. Selection of the most with toxic components would contaminate groundwater
appropriate method will depend largely on the local and from limited existing sources and cause nervous ad immune
regional hydrogeological conditions, the relative importance system damages. Hence, establishment of green cover
of depressurisation to the mine design, and the required through multitier plantation (Grass - Shrubs- small trees -
rate of mining. In major open pit mining operations all three tall trees) results in rejuvenation of the soil system which
methods may be required for groundwater control when the will further improve soil fertility and microbial growth (Ajay
mine depth is increasing. In such cases, the in-pit and out- Kumar, 2015).
of-pit production boreholes can be used in advance of and
during mining. Therefore, reclamation activity is considered to be the
response to the waste disposal activity which can be carried
Control of surface drainage is also an important aspect of out in the mined out areas, the waste dump areas and the
the implementation of the environmental control measures tailings disposal areas.

3.2 Restoration and Rehabilitation to create awareness, greater involvement, understanding
The standards definitions on Restoration and Rehabilitation and acceptability by the society towards mining operations
have been developed in the developed countries like U.S.A as an essential part of nation building endeavour. Therefore,
(Fox, 1984). Restoration means to bring the disturbed site to the protectors of the mining activities have been compelled
the prior to mining conditions. It would be either impossible to follow a path of sustainable development so that the
due to the severe change of the site ecology due to mining or, mineral conservation and environmental protection move
if possible, extremely expensive. The notion of reclamation side by side to maintain a successful mining operation in the
implies that the site, after the treatments, will be suitable mechanised deep open pit mines.
for those species originally present, in approximately the
same composition and density. The native species must be 5.0 REFERENCES
used, but it is acceptable if the site is rendered to organisms 1. Appleton, T., Kingman, S., Lowndes, I., and Silvester, S. (2006), The
that closely resemble the original species. Rehabilitation is development of a strategy for the simulation of fugitive dust emissions
a broader term than restoration or reclamation and allows from in-pit quarrying activities: a UK case study, International Journal
of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, Vol., 20 (1), pp. 57–82.
alternative uses to the pre-existing ones. Therefore, the 2. Ajay Kumar, D. (2015), Bioremediation of Copper Mines Area – An
rehabilitation means that the disturbed site will be returned Approach, Proceedings of the National Seminar on Technological
to a form and productivity where a stable condition is Innovations, Interventions and Challenges in Mining & Mineral
established, consistent with adjoining aesthetic values (Box, Processing Industry, November~29, Hindustan Copper Limited,
1979). Malanjkhand, India.
3. Baklonov, A., (1986), A method for evaluating the energy characteristics
of the air in an open pit mine, Journal of Mining Science, Vol.22, No:1,
Mining activities seriously disturb the natural environment. pp.66 -70.
However, planning in advance may reduce substantially 4. Balamadeswaran, P, and Natarajan, S, (2011), Explore the Future
the affected area and minimise the mining effects to the of Mineral Deposits, Proceedings of the Twentieth International
environment. It also means that land reclamation must Symposium on Mine Planning & Equipment Selection (MPES’ 2011),
be incorporated in the mining plan; thus, the staff may October 12~14, Almaty, Kazakhstan, pp.97-114.
5. Bhandari, S., (2012), Fines and dust generation and control in
perceive the scope, the requirements and the procedures
rock fragmentation by blasting, Proceedings of 10th International
of the reclamation and take the necessary measures in the Symposium on Fragmentation by Blasting (FRAGBLAST’2012), New
day-to-day mining schedule. The correct arrangement of Delhi, pp.511-520.
excavations and mining spoils with the right methods and 6. Box, T.W., (1979), Surface mine rehabilitation - Some experiences in
choice of species according to climatic and soil conditions the United States, Proceedings of Workshop on Management of lands
will ensure a successful reclamation with the lower possible affected by mining, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, (R.A. Rammery &
K.M.W. Howes, Eds). Perth, CSIRO, pp. 55-67.
cost. Finally, the mineral industry should also realize 7. Dowding, C.H., (2000), Construction Vibrations, Intl. Society of
the importance of their social responsibility lies on it and Explosive Engineers, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, New York, pp. 610.
therefore, necessary steps are needed to protect social 8. Drogicina E. A., and Razumov I. K., (1972), Vibration, Encyclopaedia
environmental aspects besides improving the economic of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol. 2, McGraw-Hill Book Company,
status of the area (Balamadeswaran and Natarajan, 2011). New York.
9. Fox, J.E.D., (1984), Rehabilitation of Mined Lands, Forestry Abstracts,
V.45 (9), pp.565-600.
4.0 CONCLUSION
10. Julian, L., Musunuri, A., Sellers, E.J. and Kanchibotla S.S., (2015),
Surface mining activities cause severe changes to the Mitigation of Post-blast fume in Soft Ground and Wet Conditions,
landscape. The mining requires access roads, open pits Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Fragmentation by
and room for mining spoils thus changing the landscape Blasting (FRAGBLAST’2015), Sydney, pp.511-518.
and destroying, at the same time, the existing vegetation 11. Kanchibotla S.S., Valery W. and Morrell, S., (1999), Modelling fines
and the soil supporting it, as well as the natural geological in blast fragmentation and its impact on crushing and grinding, In:
Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series:
configuration. Apart of those permanent changes leading to Explo’99: A Conference on rock Breaking.Explo’99: A Conference on
environmental degradation and destruction of the ecological Rock Breaking, Kalgoorlie, WA, 7-11 November 1999, pp.137-144.
balance in the mining site, mining is a source of continuous 12. Mishra, A.K., Balamadeswaran, P., and Sen, P., (2003), An approach
disturbance for the greater area in the form of pollution, dust to eco-blasting for environmentally sensitive areas – A review, Mining
and noise. However, in an environmental administration, cost Engineer’s Journal, Vol.5, No.4, pp.17-23.
cannot be reckoned to direct economic returns. The benefits 13. Mitchell, C.J., Mitchell, P. and Pascoe, R.D., (2008), Quarry fines
minimisation: can we really have 10 mm aggregate with no fines?
are immense, indirect and long range. Conversely, there is a In: Scott, P.W., Walton, G. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th Extractive
debate at the highest level in our country on environmental Industry Geology Conference. EIG Conferences td, pp 37–44.
protection, drawing the attention of all experts. Denudation 14. Sen, Phalguni, (2004), Waste Dump Design for Surface Mines,
of forests, pollution due to reckless industrial growth has Journal of Institution of Public Health Engineers, India.
caused great concern and awareness to administrators at 15. Roy, M.P, Singh, P.K., Singh, V.K., Senapati, G, Mishra, A.K.,
and Jawed, M., (2012), Concept of effective explosive weight per
centre and states. In the era of globalization, the concern
delay for prediction of vibration in open-pit blasting, Proceedings
for protection of environment and control of pollution has of 10th International Symposium on Fragmentation by Blasting
gained a new dimension. In this background, it is essential (FRAGBLAST’2012), New Delhi, pp.457-463.

Academic Distinction & Shri P N Rao elected
Personal Achievement President of GMIA
Sri P. Rama Krishna, Managing Partner, Maheswarai Shri P N Rao, MEAI Life member
Minerals & MEAI Life Member completed the “Post and Vice Chairman of Ahmeda-
Graduate Programme in Management for Senior bad Chapter, was recently elect-
Executives (PGPMAX)” from Indian School of Business, ed for the 2016-18 term and in-
Hyderabad in December 2015. Sri Rama Krishna was stalled as the President of the
presented the P.G. Degree by Ms. Chanda Kochhar, GujMin Industries Association
Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, ICICI Bank (GMIA) in its 51st Annual Gen-
during the Convocation on 08.04.2016 at ISB Campus, eral Meeting, held on 11th March
Hyderabad. MEAI congratulates Sri P. Ramakrishna for 2016 at ATMA Hall, Ahmedabad.
this distinction and academic achievement, and wishes GMIA is an association of min-
him all the best for the application of his education in his ing and mineral based industries
business model. of the State of Gujarat with its headquarter at Ahmedabad.
Shri Rao is working with M/s GHCL Limited, one of larg-
est producer of Soda Ash since 1986, as Senior General
Manager (Commercial) and looks after bulk raw material
and has been maintaining liaison between GMIA, Govt. of
Gujarat and has been actively involved in all activities of the
Ahmedabad Chapter. MEAI congratulates for this status.
S. N. Mathur, Council Member, Ahmedabad
MEAI MEMBER’S ACHIEVEMENT

Sri B. Ramesh Kumar,
(LM-2206/F-029/HYD)
Former Chairman-cum-
Managing Director,
NMDC Ltd. & MEAI
National Council Mem-
ber has been nominated
as a member of Expert
Appraisal Committee
in the Non-Coal Mining
Sector for Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA)
and Evolution of Projects
by the Ministry for Grant
of Environmental Clearance in the Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India on 3rd December
K. Uma Maheswara Rao 2015. MEAI congratulates him for his appointment as a
Council Member, Hyderabad member of EAC.

MEAI News
MEAI Head Quarters:
Valedictory function of “Orientation training programme
on Ground water Exploration studies-Exposure to latest
technologies and scientific concepts, held on 24th April
2016 at 10:30 A.M at MEAI Head Quarters, Hyderabad.
Sri T.V.Chowdary, Past President, MEAI graced the occasion

as Chief Guest of the valedictory function. Dr.H.Sarvothaman,
Editor, MEJ and Author of the book entitled WATER published
in 2004 attended as Special Guest. Sri K.Umamaheswara
Rao, National Council member and Dr.K.V.Narappa, Sr.
Member also graced the occasion as Special Invitees.
Presenting the participation Certificate to Sri K.S.Vijay Kumar,UCIL by
Sri T.V.Chowdary in his address stressed the importance of
Sri T.V.Chowdary
the water to the mankind and it is necessary to raise the
ground water levels by promoting water harvesting pits for
which today he has a programme of Water Harvesting in his
colony where 600 odd apartments are located at Kukatapally
area, Hyderabad. He advised the participants to utilize the
knowledge and expertise gained during the training period
for locating the water resources in their respective areas and
wished them success in their endeavour.
Dr.Hari Sarvothaman in his address noted that there is no

enacted water policy and also budgeting of water is to be
carried out as per the needs of the society . Also emphasized
that the budget of the country is going to be touched to 3 Training Participants with dignitaries
trillion rupees in coming years and there will not be any
problems in respect of finance concerned to deal with all the
water related problems in the country.
Further, all the participant trainees gave feedback of the

Training Programme and many of the trainees felt that the Khanija e Mining Solutions Pvt. Ltd offers special
field work days shall be restricted instead the period for data tutorial classes for candidates appearing for first
processing/interpretation shall be given more importance class/second Class Mine manager’s examinations,
with limited field work to synchronize the both. The Course foreman’s, mates and blasters examinations
Director, Dr.K.Chandra Mouli has noted this point and conducted by the Director General of Mines Safety,
informed that he would consider for the future training
programme batches. Otherwise every participant trainee felt Dhanbad. The classes will be conducted by experts
that this Training Programme is very useful for them. in the respective fields.
All the participants were presented participation Certificates Classes will be conducted in Hyderabad or other
by Sri T.V.Chowdary & Dr.K.Chandra Mouli. centers within the state on weekends for the
convenience of outside candidates. Necessary
Sri Koneru V.Rao, Secretary General, MEAI, in his thanks study material will also be provided.
giving address, first of all he thanked Sri T.V.Chowdary,
Dr.H.Sarvothaman, Sri K.Umamaheswara Rao & The next foreman’s examination is scheduled to be
Dr.K.V.Narappa for attending, addressing and distributing
the certificates during the valedictory function, in spite of held on 20.08.2016 and 21.08.2016 for restricted
their regular busy schedules. and unrestricted types respectively.
Further, he thanked all the trainees for participating in a week Intending candidates or mine managements may
long training programme and attending the training classes contact by mail/phone as given below for details of
and field work punctually, particularly, the field work in the fee structure etc.,
hot sun for the last 4 days and wished them all success
and requested the participants to convey his thanks to Phone:040-23235991
their respective organizations for nominating to the Training e-mail: khanijamining@gmail.com
Programme.

All India Mine Surveyors’ MeeT
Org. by Mining Engineers’ Association of India in September 2016 Hyderabad
Mining Engineers’ Association of India recognizes the need for the surveyor to rapidly integrate himself to the changing scenario and
equip himself with the constantly upgrading resources and no further time can be lost for the surveyors to meet exchange and get
them equipped with the future trends.
The earlier assumption that a mine surveyor role is pre exploration, during exploration, documentation of exploration and mapping
in mine planning as well as monitoring mining activities besides any other local requirements as and when needed is no longer valid
and the present time is required to be occupied by direct involvement of various activism and production, distribution and protection
of data.
The surveyor is expected to have adequate knowledge on geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics fundamental engineering
and related law. The work is no longer considered complete and final since there are several angles probed and challenged to suit
various agencies and the Surveyor has to produce a finished work which can stand severe scrutiny and accuracy. The essential tools
have been the theodolite, total stations, RTK (Real Time Kinematic) -GPS and continue in the hands of a surveyor in most cases.
Participants Profile: Mine Planners, Surveyors working in Mining Organizations, Construction Companies and Government
Organizations viz. Survey of India, Geological Survey of India, Indian Bureau of Mines, Directorate of Mines Safety, State
Directorates of Mines and Geology, Mining Engineers, Mining Geologists who associate with Surveyors at the time of
Exploration, Planning & Production.
Broad Topics:
1) Latest developments in Surveying and leveling at Exploration level, in underground and opencast mines, Correlation Surveys
for surface features such as roads, railway lines, transmission lines, nallahs, tanks, forest boundaries etc., 2) Preparation of plans,
geological report, project report, underground and opencast mine workings as per mines regulations, 3) Usage of sophisticated
survey instruments such as Total station, DGPS, Scanner, digital mapping etc., 4) Mines to connect to National grid and its need
5) Non Contact Survey: Slope Stability Radar, 6) Use of computers & softwares in surveying, 7) Kinds of projections to prepare the
maps and about National grid, 8) Mine regulations implementation and modifications, 9) The status of surveyors in coal industry and
requirement & 10) Education, Training & Employment .
Papers on above mentioned themes are invited by the Professionals, Mining Organizations, and Academicians.
The complete details of the Meet will be published in the following monthly MEJ issues. Secretary General, MEAI
MINING ENGINEERS’ ASSOCIATION OF INDIA: BANGALORE CHAPTER

Office of the Geological Society of India, 63, 12th Cross, Basappa Layout,
Gavipuram, Bangalore 560 019. Email id: meaiblr@yahoo.com
NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING:

NOTICE is hereby given that the Annual General Meeting of the Members of MEAI, Bangalore Chapter will be held on Friday, 10th
June 2016 at 10.30 A.M at the Conference Hall of the Department of Mines and Geology, Khanija Bhavan, D. Devaraj Urs Road,
Bangalore 560 001 to transact the following business:
1. Secretary’s Report for the FY 2015-16
2. To consider and adopt the Income and Expenditure Account and the Balance Sheet for the Financial Year 2015-16.
3. Appointment of M/s. Balakrishna & Co. as Statutory Auditor for the FY 2016-17.
4. Any other business with the permission of the Chair/ if any member has given Notice in writing, 7 days before the date of AGM
N.Rajendran K.R.Krishnamurthy R.H.Sawkar

Jt.Secretary-cum-Treasurer Secretary Chairman
Bangalore, Date: 18.05.2016
Note: Further to the above, please be informed that following the AGM a Technical Session will be held during which period two (2)
technical papers on Granite Mining will be presented as per the following General Program for the day:
10.30 to 11.30 AM – AGM, 11.30 AM to 12 noon-Tea Break
12 noon to 1.15 PM- Technical Session,1.15 PM – Lunch
It will be appreciated if you could send a message regarding your participation in order to plan for lunch.

conferences, seminars, workshops etc.,
17 -18 June, 2016: 3rd International Conference on “Earth Sciences Rajasthan, organized by Mining Engineers” Association of India,
and Engineering (ICEE 2016)” organized by jointly Cafet- Innova Rajasthan –chapter-Jaipur –Call For Papers – For details Contact Sri
Technical Society & Nehru Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India. P.C.Bakliwal, Organizing Secretary, Mob. 09828668764, Email id: pc_
For details contact Dr. Raju Aedla, Organizing Chair - ICEE 2016, bakliwal@yahoo.co.in, meaijpr2010@gmail.com
Mobile No.: +91-7411311091, +91-9985545035, Email: rajucits@
Abroad
gmail.com
8-9 June 2016: Asia Mining Congress 2016 at Singapore, Contact:
22nd June 2016: 8th India Coal Summit at Hotel Le Meridien, New Terrapinn Pte Ltd, 1 Harbourfront Place, # 18-01 Harbourfront Tower 1,
Delhi. Mr. Sayan Acharya | Ms. Suranjana Moitra, Indian Chamber of Singapore, Phone: +65 6322-2750, Fax: +65 6271 2035, Email: Lydia.
Commerce, ICC Towers, 4, India Exchange Place, 8 th Floor, Kolkata sebastian@terrapinn.com, Web: http://terrapinn.com
– 700001, Phone: +91 33 2253 4293 (D) | 2230 3242 – 44 | Mobile:
10-12 June 2016: 5th International Conference on Petroleum
+919874264503 |+919088883004, Fax: +91 33 2231 3377/3380,
Industry and Energy (ICPIE 2016) Ei Compendex and Scopus at
E-mail: sayan.acharya@indianchamber.net |suranjana.moitra@
Barcelona, Spain Organized by: MATEC Contact person: Ms Eve Lee,
indianchamber.net Website: http://www.icpie.org/
21-23, August 2016: 7th World Renewable Energy Technology 23 - 24 June 2016: Sustainable Minerals ’16 - Conference, Falmouth,
Congress, International Conference and Exhibition at Manekshaw Cornwall, United Kingdom. Website: http://www.min-eng.com/
Centre, Near Dhaula Kuan, Delhi Contt. Organised by Energy and sustainableminerals16/ Contact person: Dr.Barry Wills. Themes of the
Environment Foundation. For details contact Dr.Anil Garg, Mob: +91- Conference: Material & Metal usage by considering for example (but
99715 00028 Email: dranilgarg2011@gmail.com, website: www.wretc. not exclusively): * Acid Mine Drainage * Clean Technology (smelting,
in energy recovery, hydrometallurgical, etc.) * Coal Wastes & Effluent.
September 2016: All India Mine Surveyors’ Meet organized by Organized by: MEI. Check the event website for more details.
Mining Engineers’ Association of India, in Hyderabad. Main themes: 28th June – 7th July 2016: 16th International Multidisciplinary
Latest developments in Surveying and levelling at Exploration level, Scientific Geo Conference & EXPO SGEM2016 at Albena, Bulgaria
in underground and opencast mines, Usage of sophisticated survey Contact person: SGEM Organizing Team Website: http://www.sgem.
instruments such as Total station, DGPS, Scanner, digital mapping org
etc., Non Contact Survey: Stope Stability Radar, Use of computers
& softwares in surveying, Mine regulations implementation and 22nd to 24th August 2016: International Mine Management 2016
modifications, The status of surveyors in coal industry and requirement, at Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Organized by AusIMM Contact
Education, Training & Employment . Papers on above mentioned person: Sara Muggeridge Website: http://www.immconference.
themes are invited by the Professionals, Mining Organizations, and ausimm.com.au/
Academicians. For further details contact Secretary General, MEAI, 12-16 September 2016: XVIth International Mine Surveying
Office: 040-29801069, 66339625 & Mob: 092987 59625, Email: Congress 2016 at Brisbane, Australia. Weblink: http://www.ism2016.
meai1957@gmail.com com/, Contact: ISM 2016 Congress Managers; Phone: (0732262800),
Email: ism2016@arimnex.com.au
15-17 September, 2016: Three-days event on “Mining, Exploration
Convention & Trade Show (MINING MAZMA-2016):” at Bangalore 26-28 September 2016: MINExpo at Las Vegas, USA, Website: http://
International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), Bangalore with the Geological www.minexpo.com/
Society of India and Canadian Association of Mining Equipment and
Services for Export (CAMESE). For further details please contact 3rd National Council Meeting Report held on 7 May 2016
Mr. Pramod Tyagi, Additional Secretary General, FIMI, FIMI House, will be covered in the forthcoming (July 2016) Issue.
B-311, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi-110 020, Ph: +91-
11-26814592/96, Fax: +91-11-26814594/93, Email:ptpl@fedmin.com - Secretary General
27 November 2016: Hutton India Conference, 2016. Venue: Badruka
College, Kachiguda, Hyderabad-500027. Theme-I: Origin of Granites Young Mining Engineer Needs Employment
of India; Sub-theme-1: Granite in Various Domains: Traits & Inter-
relations. Sub-theme-2: Granite & Associated Rocks / Xenoliths: Mr. Lokesh Koti.S, Dip. In Mining 2012, B.Tech Mining
IUGS Petrography & Chemical Characteristics. 3. Granite: Types & 2015 with distinction needs employment in Mining
Petrology; Tectonic Domains & Origin. Theme-II: Present is the key to Industry. Holding gas testing and first aid certificates. Has
the Past: Evidence from Indian Geological Formations. Sub-theme-1: done project works on Underground Mine Transportation
Sedimentation Pattern & Tectonic Activities through Geologic Ages. and Transportation System. Had internship training
Sub-theme-2: Geologic Disasters & Climate Changes through Ages.
No registration Fee, but registration essential. Please send Abstracts &
on the project a study on the finite element method
for further details contact: huttonindia2016@gmail.com. analysis of rock indentation test using ANSYS software
NIT Karnataka. Contact details: 094932 47815, Email:
20 - 22 January 2017: 3rd. International Conference on “Advanced
Technology In Exploration and Exploitation of Minerals” at Jaipur,
lokeshkoti045@gmail.com
Printed by Koneru Venkateswara Rao, Secretary General, Mining Engineers’ Association of India, Published by Koneru Venkateswara Rao, Secretary General,
on behalf of Mining Engineers’ Association of India and printed at Deepu Grafics at 8-3-229/D/1/2, Venkatagiri, Yousufguda, Hyderabad - 500 045.
and published at F-608, ‘A’ Block, VI Floor, Raghavaratna Towers, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, Hyderabad - 500 001. Editor : Dr. H. Sarvothaman

CMYK
Mining Engineers’ Association of India MEAI – Jaipur CIM Global India Pvt. Ltd.
Delegates Category

Souvenir

Price `50/- Journal were hosted by MEAI Rajasthan Chapter - Jodhpur in 2010 and 2014.
Mining Engineers’ Association of India 20-22 January, 2017, Mining Welfare Centre (MWC), Mansarovar, Jaipur


Code: ANDB0000378.
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Souvenir
Price `50/- were hosted by MEAI Rajasthan Chapter - Jodhpur in 2010 and 2014.
20-22 January, 2017, Mining Welfare Centre (MWC), Mansarovar, Jaipur
Journal
Code: ANDB0000378.
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MEJ June 2016 Issue

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Delegate Badges/ Lanyard `. 1.5 lakh

Format please. Sponsorship and Promotional Opportunities

Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2015-2017 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month

Workshop on “Application and Adoption of MEAI’s

Jt.Secretary.cum.Treasurer MEAI News 32

Council Members (Nominated) Correspondence Address

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 3 June 2016

Training program on the CRIRSCO compliant Reporting Standards

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 4 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 5 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 6 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 7 June 2016

News From the mining world

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 8 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 9 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 10 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 11 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 12 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 13 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 14 June 2016

à Maharashtra: SEIAA says no to new stone quarries,

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 15 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 16 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 17 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 18 June 2016

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Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 20 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 21 June 2016

Properties Rock fill Slurry fill Paste fill

Placement state Dry 60-73% wt% solids 65-85% wt% solids

Indian Perspective collapse, since timber support is used to provide support to

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 22 June 2016

Singh and Singh (2011)surveyed and reported thatlong-

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 23 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 24 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 25 June 2016

*Assistant Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering,

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 26 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 27 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 28 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 29 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 30 June 2016

S. N. Mathur, Council Member, Ahmedabad

MEAI MEMBER’S ACHIEVEMENT

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 31 June 2016

Sri T.V.Chowdary, Past President, MEAI graced the occasion

Dr.Hari Sarvothaman in his address noted that there is no

Further, all the participant trainees gave feedback of the

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 32 June 2016

MINING ENGINEERS’ ASSOCIATION OF INDIA: BANGALORE CHAPTER

NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING:

N.Rajendran K.R.Krishnamurthy R.H.Sawkar

Bangalore, Date: 18.05.2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 33 June 2016

Mining Engineers’ Journal, Vol. 17, No. 11 34 June 2016

Delegate Badges/ Lanyard `. 1.5 lakh

Format please. Sponsorship and Promotional Opportunities

Postal Regd. No. H-HD-GPO/024/2015-2017 Date of Posting: 29 / 30 of every month

Workshop on “Application and Adoption of MEAI’s

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