MIS

Management Information System

UNIT – 1

Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

 Introduction Management Information Systems [1]

 Historical Perspective [2]
 Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
 Information Concepts [4]
 Establishing Framework [5]
 Business Model [6]
 Conceptual Model [7]
 Architecture [8]
Unit Test [9]

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 MIS
Management Information System

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 Introduction to Management Information Systems [1]

What is Information System?

•Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

•Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

•Information Systems (IS) refers to the interaction between

processes and technology

•Information Systems is Organized collections of hardware,

software, supplies, policies, procedures and people, which
store, process and provide access to information.

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 Introduction to Management Information Systems [1]

What is Management Information System?

 (MIS) are designed to provide past, present, and future routine

information appropriate for planning, organizing, and controlling the
operations of a functional area in an organization

 A manual or computerized system that collects, processes, and reports

data needed to manage a planning delivery system.

 An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and

disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the
functions of management

Examples

• Data warehouses
• Enterprise resource planning
• Enterprise systems
• Expert systems
• Global information system
• Office Automation
• Geographic information system

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 Historical Perspective [2]

1960 Electronic data processing (EDP), transaction processing systems (TPS)

 1960s, another role was added to the use of computers: the processing of data into
useful informative reports

1970s, Decision support systems (DSS) was born

1980 Executive information systems EIS

Expert systems
Knowledge management systems

1990s Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.

1990s MIS to e-commerce

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5
 Historical Perspective [2]

1960 Electronic data processing (EDP), transaction processing systems (TPS)

 1960s, another role was added to the use of computers: the processing of data into
useful informative reports

1970s, Decision support systems (DSS) was born

1980 Executive information systems EIS

Expert systems
Knowledge management systems

1990s Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.

1990s MIS to e-commerce

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Functions of Management Information Systems [3]

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Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
Examples

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 Information Concepts [4]

What is Information ?

DATA INFORMATION

Information is refined data.

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 What is Technology?

If it's green, it's biology,

if it stinks, its chemistry,

if it has numbers its math,

if it doesn't work, it’s technology

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 Information Concepts [4]

Data, Information and Systems

• Generating Information
– Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce
information as output.

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 Information Concepts [4]

Data, Information and Systems

• Generating Information
– Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce
information as output.

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 Information Concepts [4]

Main Objectives of the MIS

Deliver the right information who has what

to the right people,
at the right time,
with the right form.
Ultimately, MIS should improve
the workers’ productivity.
information about
whom and when,
where, and how will all
be decided in the
process of building an
information system.

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 Objectives of the MIS
MIS - capabilities
The term 'information system' is a general term for
a system that facilitates access to information

Reach an understanding of the relevant processes

on the basis of the available historic information. This element forms the basis
for the development of models, required for forecasting and simulation.

Provide information on the current situation, especially for early warning

purposes, for instance related to issues impacting on food security, water
resources or pest and disease status.

Forecast changes and impacts, either natural or man-made , as an element in

vulnerability assessments.

Forecast the consequences of policy decisions and measures before they

are implemented in reality. This implies evaluating options for several given
scenarios based on the possible results and predicted consequences, and
selecting the most acceptable alternative. 14
Information, and Systems

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Characteristics of useful information
 Information Concepts [4]

Attributes of Information Quality

Attributes of Information Quality

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 INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS/IS)

ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY

INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

MANAGEMENT

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Dr. Chen, The Challenge of the Information Systems Technology TM -18
 What is Information Systems?

• Information Systems (IS) are more than computer hardware and

software.
• It is not just developing business applications programs
• Information Systems include:
– Information Technology
– Management
– Organization
• Ultimately, IS are used as strategic tool to improve an organization’s
competitive advantage.

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Establishing the Framework [5]
 Establishing the Framework [5]

Classification of IS
Information Systems

Operations
Operations Management
Support System
Support System
Support System

Transaction Process Office Management Decision Executive

processing control automation information support information
systems systems systems systems systems systems
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 Establishing the Framework [5]
1. Operations support systems process data generated by business
operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and support
needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are
i) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System

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 Establishing the Framework [5]

1. Operations Support System

i) Transaction processing systems

• Process business exchanges

• Maintain records about the exchanges
• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
• Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes.

iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance

office communications and productivity.

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 Establishing the Framework [5]

2. Management support
systems provide
information and support
needed for effective decision
making by managers
Major categories are:

i) Management information
systems
 Routine information for
routine decisions
 Operational efficiency
 Use transaction data as
main input
 Databases integrate MIS in
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different functional areas
 Establishing the Framework [5]

ii) Decision Support System

• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems

• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS

iii) Executive information systems

provide critical information tailored to the information needs of
executives

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 Establishing the Framework [5]

Other categories
a) Expert systems
b) End user computing systems
c) Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert
advice and act as expert consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of
computers by end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial
applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products,
services, and capabilities for competitive advantage

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 Data, Information, and Systems

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Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
Data, Information, and Systems

Components of an information system

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 Why Study IS?

• Information Systems Careers

– Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator,
telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

• Knowledge Workers
– Managers and non-managers
– Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology.

• Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy

– Key to full participation in western society

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 Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side

• Consumer Privacy
– Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data
on individuals.

• Employee Privacy
– IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy
and creating stress.

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 Business Model [6]
A business model describes the rationale of how an organisation creates, delivers, and
captures value - economic, social, or other forms of value. The term business model is
thus used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core
aspects of a business, including purpose, offerings, strategies, infrastructure,
organisational structures, trading practices, and operational processes and policies.

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Business Model Components [6]

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 Conceptual Model [7]
Information, and Systems
• The Four Stages of Data Processing

– Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

– Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using
mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
– Output: Information is displayed or presented.
– Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.

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 FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
(General Systems Model)

Customers ENVIRONMENT Suppliers

ORGANIZATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

Regulatory Stockholders Competitors

Agencies
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Architecture [8]

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 Architecture [8]

Information System Architecture

An information system architecture is a formal definition of the business

processes and rules, systems structure, technical framework, and product
technologies for a business or organizational information system.

An information system architecture usually consists of four layers: business

process architecture, systems architecture, technical architecture, and
product delivery architecture.

The architecture of an information system encompasses the hardware and

software used to deliver the solution to the final consumer of services. The
architecture is a description of the design and contents of a computerized
system. If documented, the architecture may include information such as a
detailed inventory of current hardware, software and networking capabilities; a
description of long-range plans and priorities for future purchases, and a plan
for upgrading and/or replacing dated equipment and software. The
architecture should document: What data is stored?, How does the system
function?, Where are components located?, When do activities and events
occur in the system?, and Why does the system exist?
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 Architecture [8]

Information System Architecture

An information system architecture is

a formal definition of the business
processes and rules, systems Product Business
structure, technical framework, and delivery process
product technologies for a business or architecture architecture
organizational information system.

An information system architecture

usually consists of four layers:
Systems Technical
architecture architecture
1. Business process architecture,
2. Systems architecture,
3. Technical architecture,
4. Product delivery architecture.

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 Architecture [8]

1. Business process architecture

A business architecture is an
organizing framework of a business,
and the documents and diagrams
that describe that structure or the
people who help build such a
structure, respectively.

Business architecture is closely related

to practice of enterprise
architecture and the business
reference model.

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 Architecture [8]

1. Business process architecture

A business architecture is an
organizing framework of a business,
and the documents and diagrams
that describe that structure or the
people who help build such a
structure, respectively.

Business architecture is closely related

to practice of enterprise
architecture and the business
reference model.

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 Architecture [8]

2. Systems architecture

An architecture description is a formal

description of a system, organized
in a way that supports reasoning
about the structural properties of
the system.

It defines the system components or

building blocks and provides a plan
from which products can be
procured, and systems developed,
that will work together to
implement the overall system. This
may enable one to manage
investment in a way that meets
business needs. 40
 Architecture [8]

2. Systems architecture

An architecture description is a formal

description of a system, organized
in a way that supports reasoning
about the structural properties of
the system.

It defines the system components or

building blocks and provides a plan
from which products can be
procured, and systems developed,
that will work together to
implement the overall system. This
may enable one to manage
investment in a way that meets
business needs. 41
 Architecture [8]

3. Technical architecture

Technical architecture, also

known as Tarchitecture, is
one of several architecture
domains that form the
pillars of an enterprise
architecture or solution
architecture.

It describes the structure and

behaviour of the
technology infrastructure
of an enterprise, solution
or system.

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 Architecture [8]

3. Technical architecture

Technical architecture, also

known as Tarchitecture, is
one of several architecture
domains that form the
pillars of an enterprise
architecture or solution
architecture.

It describes the structure and

behaviour of the
technology infrastructure
of an enterprise, solution
or system.

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 Architecture [8]

4. Product delivery architecture

In computing, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different non-standard

and openly-debated definitions.

It is an attempt to provide set of principles or governing concepts used during

phases of systems development and integration.

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 Architecture [8]

4. Product delivery architecture

In computing, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different non-standard

and openly-debated definitions.

It is an attempt to provide set of principles or governing concepts used during

phases of systems development and integration.

45
 MIS
Management Information System

UNIT – 1 THANK YOU

Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

 Introduction Management Information Systems [1]

 Historical Perspective [2]
 Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
 Information Concepts [4]
 Establishing Framework [5]
 Business Model [6]
 Conceptual Model [7]
 Architecture [8]
Unit Test [9]

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