1.

Banks in one form or another have been subject to the following non exhaustive list of regulatory provisions:1) restrictions
on branching and new entry;2) restrictions on pricing (interest rate controls and other controls on prices or fees);3) line-of-
business restrictions and regulations on ownership linkages among financial institutions;4) restrictions on the portfolio of
assets that banks can hold (such as requirements to hold certain types of securities or requirements and/or not to hold
other securities, including requirements not to hold the control of non financial companies);5) compulsory deposit
insurance (or informal deposit insurance, in the form of an expectation that government will bail out depositors in the event
of insolvency);6) capital-adequacy requirements;7) reserve requirements (requirements to hold a certain quantity of the
liabilities of the central bank);8) requirements to direct credit to favored sectors or enterprises (in the form of either formal
rules, or informal government pressure);9) expectations that, in the event of difficulty, banks will receive assistance in the
form of “lender of last resort”;10) special rules concerning mergers (not always subject to a competition standard) or failing
banks (e.g., liquidation, winding up, insolvency, composition or analogous proceedings in the banking sector);