Tourists are more than a leisure travelers. It is a part of recreation, which is as old as society itself.

Tourism has been changed a lot since Thomas Cook boat left for temperance meeting. The first
international travel was considered to have happened in 1950s when the travel used to be privileged
pastime of the wealthy peoples. But now the degree of affluence in our society has changed to safe
mass market destinations.

A gap in generation has created a topic for sociologists and anthropologists to argue that in the past
“who you are?” was used to be determined by your passion or profession but now it has been changed
to how we entertain ourselves.

In 2018 the revenue from international tourism was reported of $1.45 trillion, which can offer any heavy
strength for a development to country’s economy. Appreciating the value of travel 1400 years ago
Mohammad said: “Don’t tell me how educated you are, tell me how much you have travelled.”

Travel means many things to many people, a form of escape, business opportunities through
connection of various cultures, languages etc. But people also have pyramid of needs to be fulfilled.

Tourism is the central to the economy as a whole as the manufacturing in our country is really a weak
and in miserable conditions as our imports is more than 200% of export.

This service oriented industry, tourism, has the great potential for the development of our country’s
economy as it is the collection of productive business and governmental organizations that serve the
travelers away from home and help country to balance the trade deficit and composite a vigorous role in
Nepalese economy, if managed properly. Tourism is made up of many vivid businesses, which includes
hotels and resorts; all facets of transportations like vehicles, guides, recreation centers and for support
the travel. The researchers and advertising agency also have vital impacts about how it is kept and how
it is managed. What are the peoples view, the community benefits and costs to manage destinatitons.
To find the basic facts about the society and the influences they had on the destinations and
development of community basis. And to know the sustainable tourism practices planned by
government to quality control and efficiency.

Travel has not only became faster but also cheaper. People travel as they want to see something
different which they don’t have in home. Talking about what our destination might offer to the visitors.
Our country Nepal, which is also the roof of the world, is a land locked by India in east, west and south
and china in the north. We are sitting in middle of 2.8 billion population of the world, which is both
surplus and weakness and if managed properly it can be also our greatest asset.

Of world’s 75 tallest peaks, our country Nepal has about 33 of them. For centuries Nepal was closed for
outsiders up until 1951 and it is also never subjugated by other nations. Since 1970s, tourism has
boomed in Nepal, and visitors were rarely disappointed by its spectacular nature scenery and ancient
architectural wonders, Hindus and Buddhist temples and wooden and rope walking bridges suspended
above gaping abysses [ CITATION Kev00 \l 1033 ], our country has variety of subjects to showcase to the
world and make our destinations accessible to larger market to earn economic social and environ
mental benefits but every products has cost occurrence and it may be short term or long term. Huts are
turned to concretes In 2074/75 total Nepal import was 1200 billion NPRs. While export just over 81
billion [ CITATION Dep75 \l 1033 ]. There are three bodies that run the tourism industry, each body has
equal role for the development and sustainability of tourism worldwide they are Government, Tourist
industry and Local communities.

Currently Nepal government operates with two bodies, Ministry of CCulture Tourism and Civil Aviation
(MoCTCA) and Nepal Tourism Board (NTB). The main work of MoCTCA is to develop strategies to
develop and NTB works to promote the tourism in whole country. They have come with various
promotional campaigns like Visit Nepal 1998, Nepal Tourism Year 2011 and Visit Lumbini Year 2012.
Now they have come with Visit Nepal Year 2020 with an aim to welcome 20 million tourists this year, to
add up national income and enhance the beauty Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) sets promotional
campaigns and develop destinations to keep a markup in industry.

The non-government organizations, with own set of rules, also implements the rules formulated by
government. These sectors includes travel agents, Hotles, lodges. They have the huge role in
maintaining the quality of tourism. Their effects in service can be thee major factor in tourism.

On the other hand local community has important role to preserve their culture, destinations of the for
the state of economy and development of tourism. The major tourism activities in Nepal are mountain
climbing, trekking and observing our heritage. The level of utilization of local resources every locals and
and also travelers should care about the impotance of use and care to the destination. The importance
of knowledge based tourism programs should be understand by tourism to create and promote
destinations.

Tourism has become so big industry in Nepal that most of its Sherpa, who used to make living by
farming, now devote their work in whole or in part to the travel industry. Cultural Variety, natural
escape are our unique selling propositions. Nepal has also provided shelter to many endangered floras
and faunas and it also has also many undiscovered wonders because of its difficult topography. By
offering uniqueness we can attract almost every hearts of the world to our resources and diversities.
This system of travelling for recreation has changed a lot, as part of consequences many issues have
been raised, from environmental, criminal, religious disputes point of view.

Literature review
The potential of tourism helping in the GDP of country is well example to get inspired, to adopt certain
policy and come for change, but question arise can it bear the cost. Is the ministry of holidaymaker is
improvising properly for the change. A country is a family and tourists as visitors and some visitors come
with children, they fight with yours, they shred things, just a cognitive thought for chaos but at the end
they leave a gift. Tourist might scatter something, but we should unite that scattered something, under
certain law and policy and proper regulation. With just few short terms plans will the board be able to
help keep 20 million faces glow like when the first sun ray strikes on snow of Himalayas. Our values for
serving guests as gods, will we be able to wear as a pride when we visit them. A tourism industry brings
various different types of economy from around the world, we have seen the Paris, we have seen the
Maldives and we have seen Thailand and Malaysia. We have seen the spread of disease but fortunate to
find enough cure also but rather we believe prevention is better than cure. Will just calling for visitors
for a successful year for tourism or are there any doubts soaring?  Events can be extremely daunting at
the best of times.

Making tourism to larger market:

The first thing to admit as an issue is Nepal hasn’t explored and investigated about itself for its tourist
destinations. The working of the board and government are only on the adaptation basis and not
focused for the long term. One of the oldest countries of the world, Nepal is still undiscovered in most of
the corners of world. Land of Mt. Everest, birth place of Gautam Buddha is not only the identity of our
country it also has the great histories which can be the great stories to be told.

Despite of huge natural variety, Nepal still remains anomaly in the modern world because of its poor
infrastructures and few accessible natural resources. Many people are under the poverty and it also has
considerable amount of bureaucratic obstacles despite having 2/3 rd of majority government.

Destination life cycle model

Nepal has failed to form the destination marketing organization to promote and protect the destinations
inside the country. Nepal tourism board, Trekking Agencies Association of Nepal and several other
associations are working hand on hand with government to promote the tourism year but they have still
failed to improvise the destinations and locals are also not preserving and protecting their destinations.
In recent interview of Tourism Minister Mr. Yogesh Bhattarai with Bhusan Dahal, aired on Kantipur
television he admitted that due to formation of Visit Nepal 2020 board the working condition has been
disrupted among the powers as their work is same i.e. to promote and develop tourism. But not
managing the destination.

Discovery of new destinations is also critically important in present context of Nepal, as congestion of
tourist in some areas have become major issues and in future it might also cause bigger problems.
Protests against over tourism has begun in most of tourist destinations around the world and Nepal
should also address this issue and come up with long term solutions because we have small land area
and huge topographical variation from 60m from sea level to 8848m with just 125 km.

Automobiles are the most utilized mode of transportation, being used for 90 percent of all distance trips
and airlines are the second most frequently used means of transportation. Questioning your own
decision have made several lives dust and also granted another. Major issues road accidents caused due
to the conditions of not maintained blacktop roads. As tourism is a service industry and every service
starts with port of entry. And only port of entry of Nepal, Tribhuwan International Airport, has not been
considered friendly not only by tourists but also by its citizens.

Issues of Human Resource Management

Human resources management at all levels is one of the major concern in hospitality and tourism as ni
Nepal, qualified employees has been a challenge for some time now. And when the pool is in short
supply, it doesn’t take long for all segment to be affected. Some major issues in human resources
management are fitting people to jobs, recruiting, selection and employment, training, retaining
employees and staff planning.

Managing the service transactions

When a tourists visits there comes multitude of transactions between servers and guests. The problem
of producing a favorable feeling about an operation in numerous guests is too complex for any
management to control. Particularly categorized into two types i.e. Product view of service, focusing on
tasks that make up the service and process view, which concentrates on guest- server interaction.

Both the conditions of road and airports are in deteriorated stage.

Socio culture and environment cost

The food service industry will and have experienced the tightest pressure in the hospitality industry. In
Nepal hiring and retaining workers especially in the skills and supervisory categories has been difficult,
experienced by food service and lodging industries.

The amount of wealth in the world is increasing and many tourists except thoughtful travelers there are
lots of demand for quality service. It is a service that “consistently meets and exceeds customers’
expectations.” This exceeding expectations results in perception of service in increasingly important
dimension in all categories of hotels and destinations.

Economy

The friendliness and warmth of our citizens for the appreciation of lives and its basic pleasures. Nepal,
sandwiched between India and china, and relatively near to Pakistan, Nepal finds itself in one of the
world’s most politically volatile regions. The place where many people come for clean living and spiritual
enlightenment may owe its survival to the actions of the mutually hostile nuclear powers. Citing the case
of 9/11 after which many airlines companies filed for bankruptcy and many hotels became out of
business as the consumer confidence was shaken and immediate reduction in personal travel. Nepal
also has open boarder with India and the terrorists groups are found active in most of the regions of
India, which can also be the major threats to our country and economy. regulation with a question are
we really addressing issues to find a solution.

With increase in flow of people and income the demand also increases demand of luxury goods with
increase in income of people, if happened. But there are few or no major luxury brand operating in
Nepal, which might result in high trade deficit and also cause inflation. Baht crisis and Japanese
economy bust can be real life examples to Nepal.

Increase in price for locals in domestic tourism. Cultural rules seems to be broken by threat too
traditional value, customs and beliefs. Trafficking, sex tourism, prostitution, commercial sexual
exploitation especially of women and children, examples Thailand and Malaysia. Intrusion in private
space, lives.

Impact on Environment

The quality of environment both natural and man-made are essential for tourism

This paper will help understand the impacts of tourism in the sector of environment, culture, law

Establishment of protected or conserved areas to meet tourist demands.

Depletion of and access to natural resources- Land , water

1. Does tourism affect the quality of life of residents in a community?

 2. Culture: does it come with change?
3. Environment degradation: does humans should care?
4. How do mass tourism and communication impact the image of a destination?
5. How is tourism managed?
6. Question hotels about the skilled workers?
7. Perception of tourists on the quality of services?

Research Framework

In this research RW Butler framework for tourism cycle has been used to explain and fit it in Butler’s
model of tourism development.

Visitors will come to an area in small numbers initially, restricted by lack of access, facilities, and local
knowledge. As facilities are provided and awareness grows, visitor numbers will increase. Rates of
visitors will decline and causes may be identified in terms of environmental factors (e.g. land scarcity,
water quality, air quality), of physical plant (e.g. transportation, accommodation, other services), or of
social factors (e.g. crowded, resentment by local population). As the attractiveness of the area declines
relative to other areas, because of overuse and the impacts of visitors, the actual number may also
eventually decline.

He has divided the tourist area evolution into three stage

1. The exploration stage

2. The involvement stage
3. The development stage
4. The consolidation stage
5. Stagnation stage
6. Final stage
– successful redevelopment leads to renewed growth
– minor modifications to capacity levels
– tourism is stabilized by cutting capacity level
– Continue overuse of resources and lack of investment leads to decline.
– War, disease or other catastrophe causes an immediate collapse in tourism.
 Fig1: Hypothetical evaluation of a tourist area

In model from 1980 Butler finds, tourism area leaving stage five will either decline or rejuvenate i.e 6 th
stage.

Research methodology

A convenience sampling method has been used, questionnaires were distributed at lodges, hotels,
heritages, temples. Interviews and personal observation during the field survey were checked to collect
information which were not answered by questionnaires. A survey of the emerging patterns of
employment and the consequent HRD strategies and interventions adopted by management was
undertaken in selected hotels and tourism accommodation establishments in Valley.

Data gathering was done primarily with the use of structured questionnaires, which were designed to
elicit information that would address the issues on adequacy of worker with the implications of HRD
strategies like hiring, training, and performance management, including their consequences, on service
delivery. This approach helped us to make our research more reliable. Moreover secondary data were
obtained from published data of respective institution of Nepal.