Project: Ref. No.

Subject:

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By: Page:

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Developed by: E.B. Naldoza ©; eddienaldoza@engineer.com (v2.1.1 : 25Dec2019)

DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR SECTION (Beam or Slab with No Axial Force or Sections with Pu < 0.1fc' Ag)
(in accordance with ACI 318M-14 / NSCP 2015, Vol. 1, 7th Edition) Concrete weight: Normalweight λ = 1.00
A. Support Flexure Reinforcements; Support No. = 1 Ec = 24.00 Gpa wc = 2350 Kg/m3
Maximum (Ultimate or Factored) Hogging Moment, Mu-ve = 326 kN-m Es = 200 Gpa
Total Depth, h = 500 mm ε ty = fy/Es = 0.0021
Beam Width, b or bw = 350 mm
Diameter of Flexure Reinforcing Bar, db = 16 mm
Assumed no.of layer(s) of bars, n = 2 (Main Beam with 2 layers of reinforcements)
Concrete Cover (to main reinforcements) cc = 35 mm
Concrete Strength, fc' = 24 MPa (Suitable for Special Moment Frames)
Yield Strength of Steel, fy = 415 MPa (Mild Steel, S Type)
Assumed Reduction Factor for Moment, Φ = 0.9 (Tension-controlled; Check if Tension Steel Yields)
ß1 (factor for fc' ≤ 28 Mpa = 0.85) ß1 = 0.85 > 0.65; OK!
Effective Depth, d = h - cc- (n-1 x db) - (0.5 x db) d = 441 mm
Minimum Steel Requirement:
As,min a = 0.25√fc' / fy bw d As,min a = 456 mm2
As,min b = 1.4 / fy bw d As,min b = 521 mm2 > As,min a; hence, As,min = As,min b
ρmin (or %Asmin) = As,min / bw d ρmin = 0.0034
Max. Steel Ratio, ρmax @ Yield Strain, εy = 0.005
ρmax = (0.85 fc' / fy) ß1 (0.003 / εy + 0.003) ρmax = 0.0157
As,max = ρmax b d As,max = 2418 mm2
Stress Block Depth, amax = Asmax fy / 0.85 fc' b amax = 140.57 mm
Maximum Moment Capacity @ ρmax
Mcmax = Φ Asmax fy [d - (amax / 2)] Mcmax = 335 kN-m > Mu ; compresssion reinf't. is not required
;R = Mu / Φbwd2 = 5.32 MPa 'Singly Reinforced Section is Valid'
Steel Ratio,ρ = 0.0152 > %Asmin; < %Asmax; OK!
Depth of Concrete Stress Block, 'a' Provide : 12 S 16 Bar Clear Spacing is OK
a = As fy / 0.85 fc' b = 140.2 mm Asprov = 2413 mm² < Asmax; OK!
Depth CN.A. = a / ß1 = 165.0 mm ρactual = 0.0156
Momentcapacity, ΦMn = ΦAs fy [d - (a / 2)] ΦMn = 334 kN-m > Mu; OK!
Check if Tension Steel Yields: Steel Strain, εS ≥ εy
εS = (d - CN.A. / CN.A.) x 0.003 εS = 0.0050 > εty;Steel in Tension Yields!
The Section is Adequate for Flexure > 0.005; Φ is = 0.9; Tension-controlled

B. Shear Reinforcements
Maximum (Ultimate or Factored) Shear Force, Vu = 153 kN √f'c = √ 24 = 4.90 Mpa < 8.3MPa; OK
Reduction Factor for Shear Φv = 0.6 (to resist Earthquake effects)
Yield Strength of Shear Reinforcement, fyt = 415 MPa (High Yield Steel, S Type)
Modification Factor for Concrete Material λ = 1.00 (Normal Weight Concrete)
Vc = 0.17 λ √fc' bw d Vc = 129 KN ; ΦvVc = 77.1 KN
0.5 Φv Vc = 39 KN ΦvVc < Vu; Provide Adequate Shear Reinf't
Shear Strength Required, Vs = (Vu / Φv) - Vc, Vs = 126 KN
Using Bar Diameter, dbv = 10 mm ; with 2 No. of Legs
Max. Spacing of Shear Reinforcement, Svmax = d / 2; Svmax = 220.5 mm < 300mm; OK!
Minimum Area of Shear Reinfocement, Avmin (a) (b)
Greater of (a) 0.062√fc' bwSvmax/fyt & (b) 0.35bwSvmax/fyt = 56.48 65.087 Therefore, Avmin = 65.09 mm2
Area of Shear Reinf't, Av = No. of Legs x π dbv2 / 4); Av = 157.08 mm 2
> Avmin; OK!
Required Spacing, Sv = Av fytv d / Vs Sv = 227.34 mm > Sv max; Use Sv prov < Sv max
Spacing Provided, Sv prov = Av fytv d / Vs Svprov = 75 mm < Sv max; Ok!
Shear Reinforcement Ratio provided, ρv = Av / Svprov = 2.09 mm2/mm
Shear Capacity, ØVn Therefore, use: S 10 @ 75 mm - 2 Legs
ØVn = Vc + Vs = Ø (Vc + ρv fytv d) / 1000 N/kN ØVn = 230 kN > Vu; OK!
The Section is Adequate for Shear
 Project: Ref. No.:

Subject:

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By: Page:

of
Developed by: E.B. Naldoza ©; eddienaldoza@engineer.com (v 2.1.1 : 25Dec2019)

DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR SECTION (Beam or Slab with No Axial Force or Sections with Pu < 0.1fc' Ag)
(in accordance with ACI 318M-14 / NSCP 2015, Vol. 1, 7th Edition) Concrete weight: Normalweight λ = 1.00
A. Span Flexure Reinforcements; Span No. = 1 Ec = 24.00 Gpa wc = 2350 Kg/m3
Maximum (Ultimate or Factored) Sagging Moment, Mu+ve = 64 kN-m Es = 200 Gpa
Total Depth, h = 500 mm εty = fy/Es = 0.0021
Beam Width, b or bw = 350 mm
Diameter of Flexure Reinforcing Bar, db = 16 mm
Assumed no.of layer(s) of bars, n = 2 (Main Beam with 2 layers of reinforcements)
Concrete Cover (to main reinforcements) cc = 35 mm dc = cc + (db / 2) = 43.0 mm
Concrete Strength, fc ' = 24 MPa (Suitable for Special Moment Frames)
Yield Strength of Steel, fy = 415 MPa (Mild Steel, S Type)
Assumed Reduction Factor for Moment, Φ = 0.9 (Tension-controlled; Check if Tension Steel Yields)
ß1 (factor for fc' ≤ 28 Mpa = 0.85) ß1 = 0.85 > 0.65; OK!
Effective Depth, d = h - cc- (n-1 x db) - (0.5 x db) d = 441 mm
Minimum Steel Requirement:
As,min a = 0.25√fc' / fy bw d As,min a = 456 mm2
As,min b = 1.4 / fy bw d As,min b = 521 mm2 > As,min a; hence, As,min = As,min b
ρmin (or %Asmin) = As,min / bw d ρmin = 0.0034
Max. Steel Ratio, ρmax @ Yield Strain, εy = 0.005
ρmax = (0.85 fc' / fy) ß1 (0.003 / εy + 0.003) ρmax = 0.0157
As,max = ρmax b d As,max = 2418 mm2
Stress Block Depth, amax = Asmax fy / 0.85 fc' b amax = 140.57 mm
Maximum Moment Capacity @ ρmax
Mcmax = Φ Asmax fy [d - (amax / 2)] Mcmax = 335 kN-m > Mu ; compresssion reinf't. is not required
;R = Mu / Φbwd2 = 1.04 MPa 'Singly Reinforced Section is Valid'
Steel Ratio,ρ = 0.0026 < %Asmin; Use As min!
Depth of Concrete Stress Block, 'a' Provide : 3 S 16 Bar Clear Spacing is OK
a = As fy / 0.85 fc' b = 35.1 mm Asprov = 603 mm² < Asmax; OK!
Depth CN.A. = a / ß1 = 41.2 mm ρactual = 0.0039 Bar Spacing, S = 264 mm
Momentcapacity, ΦMn = ΦAs fy [d - (a / 2)] ΦMn = 95 kN-m > Mu; OK!
Check if Tension Steel Yields: Steel Strain, εS ≥ εy
εS = (d - CN.A. / CN.A.) x 0.003 εS = 0.0291 > εty;Steel in Tension Yields!
The Section is Adequate for Flexure > 0.005; Φ is = 0.9; Tension-controlled

B. Span Deflection Check (Limited to Uniformly Distributed Service Load Only)

Maximum Service Load Moment, Ma = 49 kN-m Beam Support Condition = Continuous
Span Length of Beam, l = 3.3 m Centroidal distance, yt = h/2 = 250 mm
Deflection Limitation = l / 480 Roof or Floors; Supporting or attached to non-structural
elements; Likely to be damaged by large deflections
Maximum permissible calculated deflection, mm = 6.88
Calculation of Immediate Deflection (Short-term Deflection)
Moment of Inertia of gross concrete section Ig = bwh3/12 = 364,583 cm4 Modular Ratio, ɳ = Es / Ec = 8.3
Modulus of Rupture of Concrete, fr = 0.62 λ √fc' = 3.04 MPa Cracking Moment, Mcr = fr Ig/ yt = 44 kN-m
Centroid of Transformed Section,ӯ=d{[√(ɳρ)2+2ɳρ]-ɳρ}= 99.10 mm fsservice = Ma / Icr ɳ (d - ӯ) = 200.1 MPa
Moment of Inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete, Icr Icr = bwӯ3/ 3 + ɳ Asprov (d -ӯ)2 = 70,117 cm
4

Effective Moment of Inertia, Ie = (Mcr / Ma) Ig + [1 - (Mcr / Ma) ]Icr =

3 3
284,598 cm4 < Ig; Ok to use Ie
Calculated Immediate Deflection, δi ; with w = 108.50 kN/m (equivalent Uniformly Distributed Service Load)
δi = w l4 / 384 Ec Ie = 0.5 mm < Max. Permissible Calculated Deflection; Ok!
Calculation of Time-dependent Deflection (Long-term Deflection) [ßc = (h - ӯ)/(d - ӯ) = 1.17 ; for Crack width]
Time-dependent factor for sustained loads, ξ = 2.0 ; 60 months or more; Sustained load duration
Time-dependent deflection factor, λΔ = ξ / 1 + 50ρ' = 1.67
Calculated Time-dependent Deflection, δt = δi λΔ = 0.8 mm < Max. Permissible Calculated Deflection; Ok!
Max.Crack Width,wc,max=2(fsservice / Es)ßc√dc2+ (S/2)2 = 0.33 mm > 0.3, < 0.41mm; Ok for elements exposed to Dry Air
Only. If not, Add extra Bar(s) to reduce crack width.
The Section is Adequate for Deflection