SCHOOL OF STATISTICS

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN

STATISTICS 138:
Introduction to Sampling Designs

Professor: John D. Eustaquio Section/Classroom: WFV – SS 301

Room: SS Room 419 Consultation Hours: WF 10-11:30am; 1:00– 6:00 pm
Phone: 928-0881 Email: jdeustaquio@up.edu.ph

Course Overview: In this course, you will learn basic sampling theory and its applications. You will
study in great detail six basic sampling methods, namely, (i) simple random
sampling; (ii) stratified sampling; (iii) systematic sampling; (iv) cluster
sampling; (v) sampling with probability proportional to size; and, (vi) multi-
stage sampling. In particular, you will be taught the sample selection
procedure, estimation procedures, and the determination of the sample size.
You will also be taught the properties of the estimators used in these
sampling methods in order to allow you to compare them with each other and
be able to decide which is the most appropriate sampling method under
various circumstances. By the end of this course, you should be able to work
out enough foundation of sampling theory that will facilitate the
understanding of more complex sampling designs presented in advanced
sampling courses.

Course Goals: By the end of the course, you must be able to….
• Implement the basic sampling designs (this includes the selection of the sample and
the estimation of the parameters);
• Use SAS in selecting the sample and generating the estimates for the different
sampling plans;
• Identify the properties of the estimators used in the various sampling plans and
compare them;
• Derive the properties of these estimators;
• Determine the appropriate sample size;
• Use auxiliary data appropriate in survey design and analysis; and,
• Understand the actual sampling designs used in nationwide surveys.

Course Outline/Schedule:

Topic
1. Introduction
1.1. Sampling Terms
1.2. Sources of Errors
1.3. Characteristics of Estimators
1.4. Design-Based Inference vs. Model-Based Inference
1.5. Probability vs. Nonprobability Sampling
1.6. Sampling from a finite Population
1.7. Components Involved in Designing Sample Surveys
1.8. Criteria of a Good Sample Design
 2. Simple Random Sampling
2.1. Sample Selection Procedure
2.2. Estimating the Mean and Total Using SRSWOR
2.3. Estimating the Mean and Total Using SRSWR
2.4. Estimation of Proportions
2.5. Estimation of Ratios
2.6. Estimation Over Subpopulations
2.7. Determining the Sample Size
2.8. Basic Features of SRS

3. Stratified Sampling
3.1. Sample Selection Procedure
3.2. Estimating the Mean and Total Using Stratified Random
Sampling
3.3. Allocation of Sample to Strata
3.4. Determining the Sample Size
3.5. Estimation of Proportions
3.6. The Construction of Strata
3.7. Effects of Misclassification
3.8. Post-Stratification
3.9. Basic Features of Stratified Random Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
4.1. Sample Selection Procedure
4.2. Estimation Using Clusters of Equal Size
4.3. Estimation Using Clusters of Unequal Size
4.4. Sample Size Determination for Simple Cluster Sampling
4.5. Basic Features of Simple One-Stage Cluster Sampling
5. Systematic Sampling
5.1. Sample Selection Procedure
5.2. Estimating the Mean and Total Using Systematic
Sampling
5.3. Systematic Sampling for Populations with a Linear Trend
5.4. Repeated Systematic Sampling
5.5. Determining the Sample Size Using Repeated Systematic
Sampling
5.6. Basic Features of Systematic Sampling

6. Sampling with Probability Proportional to Size

6.1. Sample Selection Procedure
6.2. Estimation Using PPSWR and PPSWOR
6.3. Estimation Using Cluster Sampling Using PPS
 7. Multi-Stage Sampling
7.1. Sample Selection Procedure
7.2. Estimation Using Simple 2-Stage Sampling
7.3. Estimation Using Simple 3-Stage Sampling
7.4. Estimation Using 2-Stage Sampling Using PPS
7.5. Sample Size Determination using Simple 2-Stage
Sampling

8. Sample Designs of Selected Nationwide Surveys in the

Philippines (Group Reports)

Course Requirements:
• Long Exams There will be 3 exams. All exams are closed notes exam. Bring calculator,
ballpen, and blue books. If you missed an exam for valid reasons (e.g.
illness), please see me as soon as possible and present the proper
certification so that we might schedule a special exam.
• Quizzes To motivate you to study well and to review our lessons, we will have
several surprise quizzes throughout the semester.
• Written Report You will need to form a group consisting of 4 members. Each group will
submit a written report on the sample design of a selected nationwide
survey conducted in the 21st century (e.g. Family Income and Expenditure
Survey of the PSA) to me and present it to your other classmates. Your
classmates will be grading your report. I will have to approve the selected
survey that your group will discuss in the report. You should also submit to
me a soft copy of the major reference that your groups have used in the
report.
Classroom Policies:
• Attendance would always be checked during the class. The maximum number of
allowable absences (excused or unexcused) would be 7 meetings. If majority of the
absences are excused, the student would be subjected to ‘forced drop’ while if the
majority of absences is unexcused, the student would be given a grade of 5.0.
• Inform me of any conflicts in the schedule a week before the exam so that we might
schedule for a special exam for you, or call the office if it is impossible for you to
make it on a scheduled exam day provided you have a proof of a valid excuse Those
who fail to do this will get a 0 for the missed exam.
• Refrain from using cellular phones, in case it is important, it is advised to step out of
the class to avoid bothering other students.
• See me if you have any problems regarding the course
 Grading System:

Requirement Percentage
3 Long Exams 60
Quizzes/Assignments 20
Report 10
Attendance 10

Grading Scale:

96 – 100 1.00 75 - 79 2.25

91 – 95 1.25 70 - 74 2.50
88 – 90 1.50 65 – 69 2.75
85 – 87 1.75 60 – 64 3
80 – 84 2.00 55 - 59 4*
54 or below 5
*In case a student incurs a grade of 4, the student needs to secure a permit to take a removal
exam before taking the said exam.

References:
1. Sampling: Design and Analysis by Lohr
2. Sampling Methods for Applied Research by Tryfos
3. Sampling of Populations, Methods and Applications by Levy and Lemeshow
4. Sampling Theory of Surveys with Applications by Sukhatme, Sukhatme & Asok
5. Elements of Survey Sampling by Dalenius
6. Sampling Theory by Des Raj
7. Elementary Survey Sampling by Scheaffer, Mendenhall & Ott
8. Sampling Surveys and Applications by Oñate and Bader