'XB-B-BJVNX I Gyrvwï-B-Avj D MVBX (I) 1

`xb-B-Bjvnx I gyRvwÏ-B-Avj‡d mvbx (i)  1

`xb-B-Bjvnx I gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (i:)
Wt Av. d. g. Avey eKi wmÏxK
-------------------------------------------------------------
LvbKvn&-B-Lvm gyRv‡Ï`xqv
`xb-B-Bjvnx I gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it)

Wt Av.d.g. Avey eKi wmÏxK
1g cÖKvk t 1991 Bs
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
2q cÖKvk t fv`ª ------------------ 1402 evs
iweDj AvDqvj ------- 1416wnt
AvMó ----------------- 1995 Bs
3q cÖKvk t fv`ª ------------------ 1420 evs
kvIqvj --------------- 1434 wnt
AvM÷ ---------------- 2013 Bs
cÖKvkbvq t M‡elbv I cÖKvkbv wefvM

LvbKvn&-B-Lvm gyRvwÏ`xqv
cøU # 128, †ivW # 07, eøK # we
†mKkb # 12 , wgicyi , XvKv|
†dvb t 0088-02-9028188
website : www.khasmujaddidia.org.
wWRvBb I wcª›U t Gb.Gb. wcÖ›U GÛ c¨v‡KwRs

176/2 AvivgevM, gwZwSj, XvKv-1000|
†dvb t 7192823
g~j¨ t 40.00 UvKv
DEEN-I-ELAHI O MUZADDID-I-ALFE SANI (R.): by Dr. A. F. M.

Abu Bakar Siddique in Bangali. Published by Khankai Khas Mujaddedia,
Plot # 128, Rood # 7, Block # B, Section # 12, Mirpur, Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Tel. 0088-02-9028188, website : www.khasmujaddidia.org.
Price: Tk. 40.00; U.S Dollar: $ 2
DrmM©
`xb-Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K
mgvR MV‡bi R‡b¨
huviv wb‡R‡ì myL-kvwšÍ,
GgbwK Rxeb‡K Kzievbx K‡i †M‡Qb
Zuv‡ì iƒ‡ni gvMwdiv‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨-
†jL‡Ki Av‡iv K‡qKwU eB-

1. wecøex gyRvwÏ` (in.)
2. gmwR‡ì HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡
3. evsjvi gymwjg †PZbvq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
4. AvZ¥ïw×i c_ wb‡`©k
5. gyKvwkdv‡Z Avqwbqv
6. gvAvwi‡d jv`ywbœqv
7. gve&`v Iqv gvÔAv`
8. BQevZzb bye~IqvZ
9. Avey `vD` kixd (Abyev`, 1-5g LÊ) B. dv. cÖKvwkZ
10. ¯§iY Kv‡ji giYRqx
11. Avj-KziAv‡bi mij ZiRgv
(Abyev` I m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨, B. dv. ev)
12. Be‡b gvRvn kixd (m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨, B. dv. ev.)
13. Zvdmx‡i gvh&nvix (m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨, B. dv. ev.)
14. Zvdmx‡i Zvevix kixd, 30Zg cviv (Abyev`, B. dv. ev.)
15. wmivZzbœex (mv.)- Be‡b wnkvg, 4 L‡Ê mgvß
(m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨, B. dv. ev.)
16. Avj&-KziAv‡bi welq wfwËK AvqvZ, 4 L‡Ê mgvß
(m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨, B. dv. ev.)
17. bvmvC kixd (m¤úv`bv †ev‡W©i m`m¨, B. dv. ev.)
18. Avj KziAv‡bi P¨v‡jÄ
19. iƒ‡ni mdi
20. iƒ‡ni †LvivK
21. Pjvi c‡_i †kl †Kv_vq?
22. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (Rh.) and his Reforms.
23. Kvwjgv‡q ZvB‡qëv (iv‡n bvRvZ-1)
24. bvgvR c‡o n‡e wK? (iv‡n bvRvZ-2)
25. Ijx nIqvi Avmvb ZixKv (iv‡n bvRvZ-3)
26. ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøv‡gi AvLjv‡K nvmvbv
27. whwKi wK I †Kb?
cÖKvk‡Ki K_v
Dcgnv‡`‡k ga¨hy‡Mi gymwjg BwZnv‡m †gvMj kvmbvg‡j wbtm‡›`‡n
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†ÿ‡Î †h Awe¯§ibxq Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb Zv BwZnv‡mi cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q
AvRI we¯§qKi n‡q Av‡Q| GK_v wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, †gvMj kvmK‡ì
gv‡S ev`kvn& AvKeiB wQ‡jb mev©waK cÖwm× I mgwaK cÖkswmZ| Zuvi
†hme KxwZ©Kjvc BwZnv‡m weZwK©Z n‡q Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Zvi be
cÖewZ©Z Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÕ Ab¨Zg| Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ ag©mg~‡ni eëav‡bi
cÖvPxi †f‡O w`‡q, gvÎ GKwU ag© eë¯nv Kv‡qg Kivi Kg©m~wP wb‡q, me© -
a‡g©i mgš^‡q MwVZ G bZzb gZev‡ì g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj-Bmjvgx AvÕK¡x`v I
Cgvb‡K ¯^g~‡j DrLvZ Kiv| Bmjvgx Rxeb-weavb Zvnhxe ZvgvÏyb I K…wó
KvjPvi aŸsm K‡i w`‡q Dcgnv‡`‡ki RbRxe‡b Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÕ cÖPvi I
Kvh©Kix Kivi ¯^‡cœ AvKei †h PµvšÍ K‡iwQ‡jb, GB e`-`xwb mqjv‡ei
weiæ‡× whwb wngvj‡qi gZ iæ‡L ùvovb, wZwb n‡jb kvqL Avng` wmiwn›`x
gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it)| mg¯Í fq-fxwZ I wec`‡K Zz”Q Ávb K‡i
¯^xq Afxó j‡ÿ¨ †cu․Qevi Rb¨ wZwb B¯úvZ KwVb Cgvbx KyIqvZ I
g‡bvej wb‡q GwM‡q hvb Ges Kvwgqve nb| ZuviB msMÖv‡gi djkÖæwZ‡Z
Z`vbxšÍb gymjgvb‡ì Rxe‡b Bmjvgx Zvn&hxe I ZvgvÏyb Avevi cÖwZwôZ
nq Ges G‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z Bmjvgx Rxeb-weavb I g~j¨‡eva cybivq D¾xweZ
nq| G Kvi‡b Zuv‡K gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it) ejv nq|
W±i Av.d.g.Avey eKi wmwÏK, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK Aviex wefvM, XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÕ I ÔgyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it)Õ bvgK MÖ‡š 
eû cwikÖg K‡i †mB gnv-Rxe‡bi msMÖvgx BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| †jLK
ZrKvjxb mg‡qi Aviex I dvm©x fvlvq iwPZ g~j MÖš  †_‡K †idv‡iÝ
†Ìqvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gvb hyM-wRÁvmvi A‡bK mgvavb G‡Z cvIqv
hv‡e e‡jB Avgv‡ì aviYv| †mB j‡ÿ¨ MÖš wU cvVK mgv‡Ri we›`ygvÎ
DcKv‡i G‡jI Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Póv mv_©K g‡b Ki‡ev| Avjøvn&& Avgv‡ì G ÿz`ª
cÖqvm Keyj Kiæb| Avgxb|
f‚wgKv
`xb-B-Bjvnx I gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it) cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ M‡elbv cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e ci ci wZbwU msL¨vq Qvcv
nq| cÖeÜwU myax R‡bi `„wó AvKl©b K‡i Ges Gi Rb¨ e¨w³MZfv‡e
Avgv‡K A‡b‡KB abëvÌ Rvbvb| Avwg Gi Rev‡e Avjøvn& iveŸyj
ÔAvjvgx‡bi ïK&wiqv Av`vq Kwi Ges `xb I wgjøv‡Zi Kj¨v‡Y I gsM‡ji
Rb¨ wL`gvZ wnmv‡e †jLvwU Keyj Kivi Rb¨ `yÕAv Kwi Avi †mB mv‡_
cÖeÜwU GKwU MÖš  wnmv‡e cÖKv‡ki Avkvq dvD‡Ûkb KZ…c‡ÿi wbKU
Av‡e`b RvbvB, hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z Bnv cÖKvwkZ nB‡Z‡Q|
ev`kvn&& AvKei 1582 L„óv‡ã Zuvnvi weL¨vZ `xb-B-Bjvnx cÖPvi ïiæ
K‡ib| cÖ_g Rxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb GKwbó mybœx gymjgvb| wZwb kixqv‡Zi
Abykvmb K‡Vvifv‡e AbymiY Kwi‡Zb Ges Bnvi we›`ygvÎ e¨wZµg NwU‡Z
w`‡Zb bv| wZwb AvÕwjg Djvgv‡ì m¤§vb Kwi‡Zb Ges cxi-ì‡ek‡ì
LyeB kÖ×v Kwi‡Zb Ges cÖvqB Zuvnv‡ì ìev‡i wZwb hvZvqvZ Kwi‡Zb|
cweÎ n‡¾ Mg‡b”Qz e¨w³‡ì wZwb miKvix †KvlvMvi nB‡Z A_© mvnvh¨
Kwi‡Zb| 1578 L„óv‡ã ch©šÍ GKRb ag©fxiæ †Muvov gymjgvb wnmv‡e wZwb
Rxeb hvcb Kwievi ci ev`kvn&& AvKe‡ii ag©wPšÍvq cwieZ©b †`Lv †`q|
kvnvbkvn& AvKe‡ii ag©bxwZ wewfbœ cvwicvwk©¦K cÖfvevax‡b Mwoqv D‡V|
c„w_exi BwZnv‡m †lvok kZvãx wQj m‡›`n mskq I AbymÜv‡bi hyM| Bnv
wQj ag©Av‡›`vj‡bi hyM, mnbkxjZv I cigZ mwnÂzZvi hyM| Kexi, bvbK,
kªx‣PZb¨, ivgvb›` cÖgyL e¨w³ †mB mgq wek¦‡cÖg, wek¦Rbxb åvZ„Z¡‡eva,
mvg¨ I ‣gÎxi evYx cÖPvi K‡ib| AvKei wQ‡jb †mB hy‡Mi GKRb cÖK…ó
cÖwZwbwa| GB mKj ag©‡bZvi Av`k© D`viZv I mwnÂzZv AvKe‡ii gb†K
we‡klfv‡e cÖfvevwš^Z K‡i| Zuvnvi wn›`y I ivRcyZ cZœx‡ì cÖfveI Zuvnvi
gvbwmK cwieZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj|
Z`ycwi fw³ I gvn&`x Av‡›`vjbI †mB mgq Rbmvavi‡Yi gb †K Av”Qbœ
Kwiqv †d‡j| gvn&`x‡ì GB wek¦vm wQj †h, mn¯ª erm‡ii †kl fv‡M
gvbyl‡K Avwej Zvi csK nB‡Z D×v‡ii Rb¨ GKRb Ôgvm&xnÕ c„w_ex‡Z
AvMgb Kwi‡eb| GB Dcgnv‡`‡k †R․bcy‡i R‣bK mvB‡q` gynv¤§` GB
Av›`j‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡K wZwb †mB we‡kl gvn&`x ewjqv cÖPvi
K‡ib| Abyiƒcfv‡e AvdMvwb¯ v‡bI ivmbx Av‡›`vjb †`Lv †`q| ivmbxMYI
GKRb gvmxn& ev D×©viKZ©vi Avwefv©‡e wek¦vm KwiZ| GB mg¯Í Av‡›`vjb
ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii g‡b we‡kl cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| GZØ¨ZxZ kxAv, mybœx I
m~dx m¤úª`v‡qi Ø›Ø ci¯úi we‡Øl Ges Amr AvÕwjg‡ì evovevwo m¤ªvU
AvKe‡ii g‡b e¨v_vi D‡`ªK K‡i| AZ¨šÍ gg©vnZ nBqv wZwb wewfbœ ag©
m¤úª`v‡qi ag©Ø‡Üi cÖwZ exZkÖ× nBqv D‡Vb| wZwb D`vicwš  I DbœZgbv
wQ‡jb| Zuvnvi AšÍ‡i ciag© mwnÂzZv I agx©q e¨vcv‡i Pig D`vi fv‡ei
m„wó nB‡j µgk wZwb me© ag© mviMÖvnx nBqv D‡Vb| wewfbœ ag©gZ GKB
¯ v‡b †cu․wQevi wewfbœ c_ gvÎ Ges me© a‡g©i mvi MÖnY Kiv wQj Zuvnvi
`xb-B-Bjvnx a‡g©i g~jbxwZ| d‡j, wZwb wn›`y, •Rb, cviwmK L„ó a‡g©i
mvi I g~j K_v wK, Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ †K․Zznjx n‡q D‡Vb Ges GB D‡Ï‡k¨
wZwb d‡Zncyi wmwµ‡Z 983 wnRix‡Z Bev`vZLvbv wbg©vY K‡ib| †mLv‡b
wewfbœ a‡g©i gwblxeM© GKwÎZ nBqv ci¯úi Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I ZK©hy‡×
wjß nB‡Zb|
ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii GB ÔBev`vZLvbvq †RmyBU ag©hvRK Qvov wn›`y, •Rb
`vk©wbKMY I Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i cwÛZ I avwg©K e¨w³MY ag©v‡jvPbvq †hvM
w`‡Zb| Av‡jvPbv I ZK©-weZ‡K©i gva¨‡g wZwb wewfbœ a‡g©i ms¯ú‡l©
Avwmqv µ‡g GKwU ¯^Zš¿ ag©wPšÍvq wjß nb| ìevix AvÕwjg gvL`yg -Dj-
g~jK I kvqL Ô Ave`-Db-bvexi g‡a¨ N„b¨ weev‡ì d‡j AvKei LyeB
e¨w_Z nb Ges Dfq‡K ag©†bZv wnmv‡e Abychy³ g‡b K‡ib| d‡j, Zuvnvi
ag©-msµvšÍ we‡`ªvnx g‡b mZ¨vbymÜv‡bi ZxeªZv I B”Qv Av‡iv cÖej nBqv
D‡V| Aveyj dhj I ‣dhxi wcZv kvBL gyevi‡Ki civgk©, iv‡ói me©gq
KZ©v nBqvI wZwb ag©‡bZv nB‡Z cv‡ib, Bnv AvKe‡ii g‡b cÖej Av‡jvob
m„wó K‡i|
wewfbœ ag©xq I gZev‡ì cÖfv‡e AvKe‡ii gvbwmK cwieZ©‡bi µgaviv
HwZnvwmK w¯§‡_i eY©bvq †`Lv hvq †h, 1556-1574 L„óvã ch©šÍ AvKei
wQ‡jb GKRb AZ¨šÍ AvMÖnkxj, KÆi mybœx gymjgvb| 1574-1582
L„óv‡ãi g‡a¨ Zuvnvi fvecÖeY g‡b ag ©msµvšÍ e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv
nq Ges ZLb Zuvnv‡K GKRb m‡›`nev`x, cÖZ¨v‡`‡k Awek¦vmx I hyw³ev`x
gymwjg wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| cwi‡k‡l wZwb 1582-1605 L„óv‡ãi
g‡a¨ `xb-Bmjvg‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv me©-ag©mvi `xb-B-Bjvnx
cÖPvi K‡ib|
AvKe‡ii `xb-B-Bjvnxi Abymvix‡ì KZK¸‡jv wbqg I AvPvi Abyôv‡bi
gva¨‡g ag©-wek¦v‡mi ixwZbxwZ cvjb Kwi‡Z nBZ| Zvnvw`M‡K ev`kv‡ni
wbwg‡Ë PviwU wRwbm h_v- ag©, Rxeb, ab I m¤§vb DrmM© Kwi‡Z nB‡Zv|
ci¯úi wgwjZ nB‡j ÔAvmmvjvgy AvjvBKzgÕ Ges ÔIqv-ÔAvjvBKzgym&
mvjv‡gÕi cwie‡Z©, Zvnv‡ì Avjøvû AvKei Ges Rvjøv RvjvjyûÕ ewj‡Z
nBZ| GBiƒ‡c ev`kvn& AvKei `xb-B-Bjvnxi bv‡g Ggb me D™¢U AvBb
cÖbqb K‡ib hvnv `xb Bmjv‡gi mivmwi cwicwš  wQj|
ev`kvn& AvKei cÖPvwiZ ag©gZ Ô`xb-B-BjvnxiÕ Kvi‡Y GB Dc-gnv‡`k
nB‡Z `xb Bmjvg wPiZ‡i DrLv‡Zi cvKv‡cv³ eë¯ v nBqv hvq| GB
we‡kl Ae¯ vi cwi‡cwÿ‡Z Avjøvn& iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb ¯^xq `x‡bi wndvR‡Zi
j‡ÿ¨ Ggb GKRb gyRvwÏ` ev ms¯‥viK‡K †cÖiY K‡ib, whwb Bmjvgx ì`
I Av‡eM ficyi AšÍtKi‡Y ZrKvjxb ûKzgv‡Zi ag©‡`ªvwnZv I †e`xbx
Kvh©Kjv‡ci weiƒ‡× B¯úvZ-KwVb msKí jBqv gyKvwejv K‡ib Ges
Kvwgqve nb|
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Avwfev©eKvjxb mg‡q wn›`y¯ v‡bi wewfbœ kn‡i AmsL¨ AvÕwjg-Djvgv, cxi-
gvkv‡qL I eyRyM,© †hgb mvB‡q` AvÕãyj In&nve eyLvix, kvBL AvÕãyj
AvÕhxh wPkZx, kvBL Avãyj nK gynvwÏm †`njfx, LvRv evwK¡ wejøvn, kvBL
Avãyj KzÏym M½ynx, mvB‡q` iwdDÏxb cÖgyL eyRyM© I gynvwÏm eZ©gvb _vKv
m‡Z¡I, wØZxq nvRvi erm‡ii ZvR`x‡ì ev `x‡bi ms¯‥v‡ii `vwqZ¡ wQj
kvBL Avng` wmiwn›`x (i:)-Gi Dci| whwb Avjøvn& cÖ`Ë kw³‡Z ejxqvb
nBqv AvKei I Rvnv½x‡ii mgq mg¯Í wdZ&bvi g~‡jvrcvUb K‡ib Ges
`xb-Bmjvg‡K GB Dcgnv‡`‡k bZzbfv‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it) Zuvnvi gyRvwÏ`x Rxe‡bi wecøex ms¯‥vi
Kg©m~Px MÖn‡bi mgq Bnv Abyaveb Kwi‡Z mÿg nb †h, †g․wjKfv‡e wZbwU
avivq AvKeix wdZ&bvi mqjve cÖevwnZ| Bnv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ wZwb
Kvh©Kix I ev¯Íe Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡ib| hvnvi weeiY Zuvnvi iwPZ ÔgvKZzevZ
kix‡diÕ g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq| GB MÖš wU Zuvnvi ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j `wjj
wn‡m‡e GLbI we`¨vgvb|
kvnvbkvn AvKe‡ii `xb-B-Bjvnx m¤ú‡K© HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK
gZvšÍi cwijwÿZ nq| we‡klZ, A‡b‡KB mgKvjxb HwZnvwmK e`q~bxi
gZvgZ‡K cÿcvZ`yó ewjqv AvL¨vwqZ Kwiqv AMÖnbxq ewj‡ZI wØav‡eva
K‡ib bv| Av‡jvP¨ ÿz`ª MÖ‡š  e`vq~bxi g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ mgKvjxb Ab¨vb¨
†jLK I HwZnvwmK, h_v- Aveyj dhj, wbRvgywÏb, B¯‥v›`vi gywÝ, LvRv
Devq`yjøvn, kvBL Avãyj nK gynvwÏm †`njfx (it) cÖgyL e¨w³i gZvg‡Zi
D×w…Z †Ìqv nBqv‡Q| we‡klZ GZ`m¤ú‡K© nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d
mvbx (it)-Gi e³e¨ wK Dnv Zuvnvi cÖwm× MÖš  gvKZzevZ kix‡di Av‡jv‡K
eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi G Kvi‡YB MÖ‡š i bvgKiY Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÕ I
gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it)Õ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB MÖš  cÖbq‡Y †h mKj MÖš Kv‡ii eB-cy¯K Í vw` nB‡Z mvnvh¨ MÖnY Kiv
nBqv‡Q, Avwg Zuvnv‡ì wbKU wPi-K…ZÁ| myax cvVK‡ì `„wó‡Z hw` GB
MÖ‡š  †Kvb ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ cwijwÿZ nq, Z‡e Zvnv Avgv‡K AewnZ Kiv‡bvi
Rb¨ mwebq Aby‡iva Kwi‡ZwQ|
cwi‡k‡l, cig `qvjy Avjøvn&i ìev‡i AviRy, `xb-Bmjv‡gi wL`g‡Zi
j‡ÿ¨ GB ÿz`ª cÖ‡Póv‡K Zzwg Keyj Ki Ges Bnv‡K GB ¸bvnMv‡ii Rb¨
ciKv‡j bvRv‡Zi Amxjv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki| Avgxb! my¤§v Avgxb!!
Wt Av.d.g. Avey eKi wmwÏK

mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK
Aviex wefvM
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
XvKv|
wØZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi f‚wgKv
Avj&-nvg`y wjjøvn|
`xb-B-Bjvnx I gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it)Õ MÖš Lvwb cvVK mgv‡R
mgv`„Z nIqvq Avwg gnvb Avjøvn&&i ïKwiqv Ávcb KiwQ| MÖš Lvwb
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k KZ©„K 1991Bs mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Ges AwZ
Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Gi me Kwc wbt‡kl n‡q hvq| eBLvwbi Pvwn`v _vKv
m‡Z¡I BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k GwUi c~bgy©`ª‡bi eë¯ v bv †bqvq
myax cvVKe„‡›ì A‡b‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e eBLvwb cybtcÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Avgv‡K
Aby‡iva Rvbvq| Avw_©K AbvU‡bi Kvi‡Y B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I G e¨vcv‡i
Zwor †Kvb c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e nqwb e‡j `ytwLZ|
Ae‡k‡l, Avjøvn&&i A‡kl †g‡nievYx‡Z LvbKv-B-Lvm gyRv‡Ï`xqvi cÿ
n‡Z MÖš Lvwb cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| `x‡bi ¯^v‡_© Avjøvn&& Zvqvjv Avgvi G ÿz`ª
cÖ‡Póv Keyj Kiæb! Avgxb!
Wt Av. d. g. Avey eKi wmwÏK

mn‡hvMx AavcK
Aviex wefvM
31-08-1995Bs XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
XvKv|
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AvKe‡ii Rb¥ I cÖv_wgK Rxeb 12

ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii cÖv_wgK ag©wek¦vm I Zvi †hvMm~Î 13
Amr AvÕwjg‡ì cÖfve 18
fÛ mydx‡ì cÖfve 21
wn›`y‡ì cÖfve 23
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gvmwRÌ Svo– w`‡Zb|Ó16
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ev`vqybxI wQ‡jb Zuvnv‡ì Ab¨Zg|17
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Zvnviv e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©wmw× Ges †kÖôZ¡ cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ c~e©er Dnv‡Z wjß
_v‡Kb| Bnv AvKe‡ii g‡b Zxeª cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i|27
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bv †Ìqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Awfbe cš v Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib| erm‡ii †k‡li
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kÖ×v Kwi‡Zb, hvKvZ bv †Ìqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Awfbe cš v Avwe¯‥vi
K‡ib| GB Kvi‡Y ev`kvn& Zvnvi cÖwZ LyeB iæó nb Ges n‡¾i D‡Ï‡k¨
†Rvic~e©K Zuvnv‡K g°vq cvVvBqv †`b|28
Bev`vZLvbvq †gvjøviv `yB `‡j wef³ nBqv c‡o| GK`j wQj gvL&`yg-Dj-
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Ab¨Rb‡K †evKv-GgbwK ag©Z¨vMx ewj‡ZI wØav‡eva KwiZ bv|29
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AvZ¥Kj‡n e¨¯Í, †mB mgq ZvR-Dj-AvÕwidxb bv‡g L¨vZ, kvBL ZvRDÏxb
Bev`vZLvbvq AvMgb K‡ib Ges Ôhgxb-eymÕ bv‡g AvKe‡ii Rb¨ wmR`vn&
cÖ_vi cÖPjb K‡ib|
nvRx Be&ivnxg bvgK R‣bK e¨w³ GB g‡g© GKwU Rvj nv`xm AvKe‡ii
wbKU eY©bv K‡i †h, GK`v †Kvb GK mvnvexi †Q‡j `vwo gywÛZ Ae¯ vq
bex Kixg (m:) Gi wL`gv‡Z nvwRj nBj| Zvnv‡K †`wLqv wZwb e‡jb t
Ô†e‡nk‡Zi Awaevmx‡ì †Pnviv GBiƒc nB‡e| G NUbv m¤ªvU AvKei‡K
`vwo gyÛ‡b DØy× K‡i Ges wZwb Bnv‡K •ea †NvlYv K‡ib|30
Bev`vZLvbvq Av‡jvPbvq hLb †Kvb AvÕwjg †Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© nvjvj
nIqvi dvZ&Iqv w`‡Zb, ZLb Ab¨Rb Dnv‡K nvivg ewjqv AvL¨vwqZ
Kwi‡Zb| GB mg¯Í AvKei‡K a‡g©i cÖwZ exZkÖ× Kwiqv †Zv‡j Ges wZwb
Zvnv‡ì cÖwZ fw³ nvivBqv †d‡jb|
GB my‡hv‡M PZzi I Ávbx kvBL Aveyj dhj ev`kv‡ni Dci Mfxi cÖfve
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cÖPv‡i cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡ib| AvKei Aveyj dhj‡K me©hy‡Mi me©‡kÖô AvÕwjg
wn‡m‡e m¤§vb Kwi‡Zb| Bev`vZLvbvi Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi mgq mZ¨v‡š^lx
AvÕwjgMY hLb Bgvg ev‡Kjvbx, Bgvg nvjIqvex, Bgvg Mvh&hvjx Ges
Bgvg ivhxi b¨vq gyRvZvwn‡ì †Kvb e³e¨ DØ„Z Kwi‡Zb, ZLb Aveyj
dhj ewj‡Zb, Avgvi mvg‡b H mg¯Í wgóvbœwe‡µZv I Pg©Kvi BZ¨vwì K_v
ewj‡eb bv| wZwb wb‡R‡K Zvnv‡ì PvB‡Z DËg g‡b Kwi‡Zb|
Bgvg‡ì Abymvixw`M‡K K‡Vvi ev‡K¨ AvµgY Kwiqv c~Y©ìev‡i Aveyj
dhj ewj‡Zb, ÔZviv AÜ AbyKi‡Yi wbM~p eÜ‡b Ave×Õ|31
GBiƒ‡c Aveyj dhj Ges Zvnvi Abymvixiv AvKei‡K Bgvg‡ì AbymiY bv
Kwievi Rb¨ DØy× K‡ib Ges Dnv nB‡Z Zvnv‡K gy³ Kwiqv Bev`vZLvbvi
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GB mgq †gvjøv gynv¤§v` bvgK R‣bK Bivbx AvÕwjg Bev`vZLvbvq Dcw¯ Z
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Kzms¯‥vi wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| GBiƒ‡c nv`xm bq, Z_vKw_Z hyw³B
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wZwb Zvnv‡K Lywk Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨ m~‡h©i cÖkw¯Í m~PK GK nvRvi jvB‡bi
GKwU KweZv iPbv K‡ib|
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g`¨c I Ryqvix wQ‡jb Ges my`-Nyl I Ab¨vb¨ AmvgvwRK wµqvKg© •ea g‡b
Kwi‡Zb|32
Dc‡iv³ Ae¯ vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z mr AvÕwjgMY Bev`vZLvbv cwiZ¨vM K‡ib|
kvBL †mwjg wPk&Zxi cyÎ kvBL eìæÏxbI wbivk ü`‡q AvKe‡ii ìevi
cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv cÖ_‡g AvRgxi, c‡i ¸RivU Ges Ae‡k‡l g°vq Mgb
K‡ib Ges Rxe‡bi evKx Ask †mLv‡bB AwZevwnZ K‡ib|
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B”Qvq Zvnv‡ì mKj‡K ivRavbx kni w`jøx nB‡Z ewn¯‥vi K‡ib Ges
Ôgvn&whi bvgvÕi ev AåvšÍ I me©gq KZ…©‡Z¡i †NvlYvi gva¨‡g AewkóM‡Yi
evK ¯^vaxbZv niY K‡ib|33
GB Ae¯ vi †cÖwÿ‡Z nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it) e‡jbt AvKei‡K
mZ¨ c_ nB‡Z weåvšÍ Kwievi Rb¨ `ywbqv`vi Amr AvÕwjgivB `vwq| wZwb
Zvnvw`M‡K Ô`x‡bi †PviÕ wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kwiqv‡Qb| Zvnv‡ì Avmj
D‡Ïk¨ wQj cvw_©e kvb-kvIKvZ, gvb-gh©v`v I ab-†`․wjZ nvwmj Kiv|34
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb t c~e©eZ©x mg‡q `ywbqv`vi AvÕwjg‡ì gZv‣bK¨ gymwjg
wgjøvZ‡K `y`©kv I `yf©v‡Mï g‡a¨ wbcwZZ Kwiqv‡Q|35
fÛ m~dx‡ì cÖfve
`ywbqv`vi Amr ÔDjvgv e¨ZxZ fÛ m~dxivI AvKe‡ii gvbwmK cwieZ©b I
bZzb ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| GB mg‡qi AwaKvsk
m~dx ÔIqvn&`vZzj DR~`Õ ev Ônvgv-D¯ÍÕ ÔmeB wZwbÕ-Gi aviK-evnK I
cÖPviK wQ‡jb|
GB mg‡qi Ab¨Zg m~dx wQ‡jb kvBL Avgvb Djøvn cvwbc_x| wZwb
ÔIqvn&`vZzj DR~`Õ m¤ú‡K© eû eB wjwLqv wØZxq Be&‡b Avivex wnmv‡e L¨vZ
nb|36 kvBL ÔAve`yj nK †`njfx (it) Zvnvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb t ÔkvBL
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kvixqv‡Zi weavb-gvjvi evB‡i wQj Ges GBRb¨ wZwb cuvP Iqv³ mvjv‡Zi
c~Y© Abymvix wQ‡jb bv|37
GB mgq kvBL Avgvb Djøvni Ab¨Zg wkl¨ kvBL ZvRDÏxbI fvi‡Zi
GKRb cÖL¨vZ m~dx wQ‡jb| wZwb AvKe‡ii Dci we‡kl cÖfve we¯Ívi
K‡ib Ges cÖvqB ivwÎKv‡j wZwb GKv‡šÍ Zuvnvi mwnZ m~dxev` m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kwi‡Zb| Zuvnv‡ì g~L¨ Av‡jvPbvi welq wQj-ÔIqvn&`vZzj DR~`Õ
m¤ú‡K©| wZwb ewj‡Zb t ÔAwek¦vmxiv wPiw`b Rvnvbœv‡g Ae¯ vb Kwi‡e bv,
eis c‡i Zvnviv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kwi‡e|Õ
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ev wmR`v Kiv •ea| Zvnvi AwfgZ wQjt ‫الموجوداال اهلل‬
A_©vr ÔAvjøvn& Qvov wKQzB bvBÕ| GB Rb¨ hLb wZwb AvKei‡K †`wL‡Zb,
ZLb Zvnv‡K wmR`v Kwi‡Zb|38
Kv‡RB Bnv ¯úó †h, Avgvb Djøvn I Zvnvi f³ Abyi³MY AvKe‡ii mgq
Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aegvbbvi Rb¨ cÖavbZ `vqx wQ‡jb, eis Zvnviv
kixqv‡Zi aŸsm mva‡b AMÖYx fzwgKv cvjb K‡ib| GB Rb¨ nhiZ
gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) GB mg¯Í Z_v Kw_Z mydx w`M‡K `vqx Kwiqv
ewjqv‡Qb t ÔGB mg‡qi AwaKvsk Rvwnj m~dxiv wQj Amr ÔAvwjg‡ì
b¨vq| ÔZvnv‡ì GB wdZ&bv my`~icÖmvix wQj|39
ÔIqvn&`vZzj DRy`Õ gZev‡ì cÖfv‡e cÖfvevwš^Z nBqv AvKei g‡b Kwi‡Z
_v‡Kb †h, eûfv‡e Avjøvn&&i Bev`vZ Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i Ges me© a‡©gi
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Ômg¯Í m„wó‡ZB Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi cÖKvk we`¨gvb| myZivs ZviKv cyRviI
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I g‡Zi cÖwZ kÖ×v cª`k©b|40
GB hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg m~dx AvL›` ìq~Rvi †jLbx‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, GB
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wcZvg‡ni Avm‡b mgvmxb nq|41
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Avj‡d mvbx (it)-Gi e³e¨ cy‡e© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
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nq Ges c‡i Ab¨‡ì‡K ¸givn& K‡i| Bnv‡ì Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb Z_vKw_Z
cxi ÔAve`yi ingvbÕ| whwb cybiƒÌvb wè‡m wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv|42
wn›`y‡ì cÖfve
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nb Ges wn›`y ag©MÖš  I BwZnvm dvmx© fvlvq Abyev‡ì wb‡`k© †`b|43
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wn›`y †hvMx I mbœvmxw`M‡K AvKei LyeB kÖ×v I m¤§vb Kwi‡Zb| Zvnv‡ì
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wQj †h, ÔA`yi fwel¨‡Z fviZe‡l© Ggb GKRb w`wM¦Rqxi Avwefv©e NwU‡e,
whwb eªv²b‡ì m¤§vb Kwi‡eb Ges b¨vqcivqb nB‡eb|45
Aveyj dRj AvBb-B-AvKeix‡Z D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Qb †h, ev`kvn& Miæ‡K
kw³i Drm wnmv‡e m¤§vb Kwi‡Zb| †mB Rb¨ wZwb me©všÍKi‡b Miæ‡K
m¤§vb Kwi‡Zb| Gi d‡j wZwb Miæ Kzievbx wbwl× K‡ib Ges Dnvi †MvkZ
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Ges †Mvgq cweÎ ewjqv g‡b KwiZ|46
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K‡ib Ges `xN© mvZ gvm Zuvnvi iÜbkvjvq †Kvbiƒc †MvkZ ivbœv nq
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bv nBZ, Z‡e Bnvi D‡jøL KziAv‡b †Kb Avwmqv‡Q?48
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K_v KziAv‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K wKQz‡ZB D‡jøL nBZ bv|Õ
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Kvwdi|49
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Ges †m whw›`K‡ì c_ AbymiY Kwi‡Z‡Q|50
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mgq m¤ú~Y© wn›`y ixwZ-bxwZ‡Z weevn Drme m¤úbœ K‡ib|52
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Kiv nq|53
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weevn Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv|54
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Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvq Bnv ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq †h, ev`kvn& AvKei cÖ_g
Rxe‡b wbôvevb mybœx gymwjg _vKv m‡Ë¡I wewfbœiƒc cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯ vi
Kvi‡Y Ges ivR‣bwZK w¯ wZkxjZv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ ag© I gZev‡ì
mgš^‡q ÔØxb-B-BjvnxÕ ag©gZ cÖPvi K‡ib| GB m¤ú‡K© cÖL¨vZ HwZnvwmK
W±i Bk¦ix cÖmv` iv‡qi gšÍe¨wU cÖwYavb‡hvM¨t wZwb ¯^xq MÖš  A short
History of Muslim Rule in India †Z wjwLqv‡Qb t
The Success or failure of the Din-i-Ilahi as a cult is not a
matter of importance. Politically it produced wholly
beneficial results. A_©vr ag©vbyôvb c×wZi we‡ePbvq `xb-B-Bjvnxi
mvdj¨ A_ev e¨_©Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq bv nBqv ivR‣bwZK w`K w`qv Bnv
me©‡Zvfv‡e jvfRbK dj Drcv`b KwiqvwQj|98
`xb-B-Bjvnx I Bmjvg
wewfbœ ag©xq I gZev‡ì cÖfv‡e AvKe‡ii gvbwmK cwieZ©‡bi µgaviv
HwZnvwmK w¯§‡_i eY©bvq ¯úó nBqv DwVqv‡Q| wZwb e‡jbt 1556-1574
L„óvã ch©šÍ m¤ªvU AvKei wQ‡jb GKRb AZ¨šÍ AvMÖnkxj, KÆi mybœx
gymwjg| 1574-1582 L„óv‡ãi g‡a¨ Zvnvi fvecÖeY g‡b ag© msµvšÍ
e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv nq Ges ZLb Zvnv‡K GKRb m‡›`nev`x,
cÖZ¨v‡`‡k Awek¦vmx, hyw³ev`x gymwjg wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Ae‡k‡l
1582-1605 L„óv‡ãi g‡a¨ wZwb Bmjvg ag©‡K m¤ú~Y© cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv me© -
ag©-mvi `xb-B-Bjvnx ag© cÖPvi K‡ib|99
Bmjv‡gi eywbqv` cuvPwU ¯Í‡¤¢i Dci cÖwZwôZ| h_v, Kvwjgv, mvjvZ,
wmqvg, n¾ I hvKvZ| AvKei Bmjvg ag© cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv Bnvi me wKQz
A¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges Kvwjgv Zvwqëvi cwieZ©b mvab K‡ib| Zvnvi `xb-B-
Bjvnxi g~jgš¿ wQjt ‫ ال ارمو اال اهلل ارمخ فةة م اهلل‬A_©vr Avjøvn&& Qvov †Kvb gvÕey`
†bB, AvKei Avjøvn&&i Ljxdv|100
Aveyj dRj gnvfviZ dvm©x fvlvq Abyev‡ì mgq Dnvi f‚wgKvq AvKei‡K
‫ فةة اهلل‬ev Avjøvn&&i Ljxdv wnmv‡e D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Qb|101
bex Kixg (mt) Gi cÖwZ we‡Øl †cvlY Kivi Kvi‡Y AvKei gynv¤§v`,
Avngv`, gvngy`, gy¯Ídv bv‡gi †jvKw`M‡K AcQ›` Kwi‡Zb| GB m¤ú‡K©
e`vq~bx e‡jbt hw` †Kvb kvnx Kg©Pvixi bvg Bqvi gynv¤§v`, gynv¤§v` Lvb
nBZ, Z‡e ev`kvn& Zvnv‡K Ab¨ bv‡g Avnevb Kwi‡Zb| wZwb ûh~i (mv)
Gi bvg gy‡L D”PviY Kiv‡KI AcQ›` Kwi‡Zb|102
Acic‡ÿ ev`kvn& AvKei Zvnvi †c․Î‡ì bvg mvmvbxq ev`kvn&‡ì bv‡gi
Abyi‡Y nvIksM, Zvn&gyivQ Ges †ivhvmvb&Mvi iv‡Lb|103
Bmjv‡gi wØZxq ¯Í¤¢ nBj mvjvZ| m¤ªvU AvKei kvnx gnj I ìev‡i
mvjvZ wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib| e`vq~bx e‡jbt †mLv‡b †KnB cÖKv‡k¨ mvjvZ
Av`vq Kwi‡Z mvnm cvBZ bv|104 †ÌqvbLvbvi H gvmwR`, †hLv‡b
AvKei GK mgq AvhvbI w`‡Zb, †mLv‡b mvjvZ Av`v‡q wewa-wb‡la
Av‡ivwcZ nIqvq Bnv weivb nBqv hvq| wn›`yiv GB my‡hv‡M gmwR` I
LvbKv‡K Av¯Íve‡j I cvnviv`vi‡ì K‡ÿ iƒcvwšÍi K‡i|105
Bmjv‡gi Z…Zxq ¯Í¤¢ nBj wmqvg| LvRv ÔDevq`yjøvn (i:) e‡jbt Aveyj
dRj I Zvnvi Abymvixiv gv‡n ighvb‡K Ôÿzav-Z…òvi gvmÕ ewjqv we`ªæc
KwiZ|106
gv‡n ighv‡bi cweÎZv ÿzbœ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvKe‡ii g‡bvfve ZvhwKivZzj
gyj~K MÖ‡š i cÖ‡YZv kvn iwdDÏxb mxivhx cÖKvk Kwiqv e‡jb t AvKei
Zvnvi mfvm`w`M‡K GB g‡g© wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib †h, Zvnviv †hb gv‡n
ighv‡b c~Y© ìev‡i cÖKv‡k¨ cvbvnvi K‡ib| hw` Zvnv‡ì KvnviI
cvbvnv‡ii B”Qv bv _v‡K, Z‡e wZwb †hb Kgc‡ÿ gy‡L cvb cywiqv ìev‡i
Av‡mb| hw` GBiƒc bv Kiv nq, Z‡e Zvnv‡K †ivhv ivLvi Aciv‡a
cvKovI Kiv nB‡e|107
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it) Gi e³‡eÏ Bnvi mg_©b cvIqv hvq|
wZwb e‡jbt wn›`y‡ì GKv`kxi mgq gymjgvb‡ì Av‡`․ cvbvnv‡ii AbygwZ
wQj bv| wKš‧ gv‡n ighv‡b wn›`y Ges mggbv gymjgvb‡ì wbwØ©avq LvIqv-
`vIqvi AbygwZ wQj|108
Bmjv‡gi PZz_© ¯Í¤¢ nBj hvKvZ| m¤ªvU AvKei GKwU kvnx digv‡bi
gva¨‡g Zvnvi Kg©Pvixw`M‡K gymjgvb‡ì wbKU nB‡Z hvKvZ Im~j bv
Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| iæKAv‡Z Aveyj dRj G AvKe‡ii GB
digvbwUi D‡jøL Av‡Q|109
Bmjv‡gi cÂg ¯Í¤¢ nBj nv¾| AvKei n‡¾ Mg‡b”QzK e¨w³‡ì DciI
wewa-wb‡la Av‡ivc K‡ib| e`vq~bx e‡jbt GB mgq AvKe‡ii wbKU n‡¾
Mg‡bi Rb¨ AbygwZ cÖv_©bv Kiv g„Zz¨‡K Avn&evb Kivi gZ wQj|110
AvKie Bmjvgx ÔAvKC` I Bev`vZÕ m¤úwK©Z me wKQz‡KB gbMov g‡b
Kwi‡Zb| e`vq~bx e‡jb t wZwb byeyIZ, Avjøvn&i `x`vi, m„wó inm¨ I nvki-
bki BZ¨vwì e¨vcv‡i we`ªæc Kwi‡Zb Ges G mg¯Í m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n †cvlY
Kwi‡Zb|111
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb t AvKe‡ii mgq mvjvZ, †ivhv GgbwK H mg¯Í e¨vcvi,
byeyI‡Zi mwnZ hvnvi m¤úK©, Dnvi bvg †Ìqv nq ÒAÜ- wek¦vmÓ| GB
mg¯Í e¨vcvi‡K Aev¯Íe AvL¨v †Ìqv nq Ges `x‡bi g~j wfwË Bj&g-B-
Bjvnx‡K AMÖvn¨ Kwiqv mvaviY Áv‡bi cªvavb¨ †Ìqv nq|112
e¯‧Z kixqv‡Zi Drm nBj PviwU? wKZveyjøvn, mybœvZ-B-ivm~jyjøvn& (mt),
BRgv Ges wK¡qvm| wKZveyjøvn& ev KziAvb‡K AvKei Avjøvn&&i Inx wnmv‡e
wek¦vm Kwi‡Zb bv| GB m¤ú‡K© Rvnv½x‡ii e³e¨wU cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb
e‡je t Aveyj dRj Avgvi wcZvi gM‡R Bnv XzKvBqv †`q †h, KziAv‡b-
nvKxg Avjøvn&i Inx bq eis Bnv bex Kixg (mt) KZ…©K iwPZ|113
kixqv‡Zi wØZxq Drm nBj mybœvZ-B- ivm~jyjøvn (mt)| †h e¨w³ ûhyi (mt)
Gi bvg gy‡L D”PviY I kÖeY Kwi‡Z cQ›` KwiZ bv, Zvnvi wbKU mybœvZ-B-
ivm~jyjøvn (mt)-Gi ¸iæZ¡ I gh©v`v Avi wK nB‡Z cv‡i? Kv‡RB AvKei
bex Kixg (mt) Gi A‡bK KvR©Kg© m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n †cvlY Kwi‡Zb| AvKei
ûRyi (mt) Gi gywRhv Ges wgÕivh‡K A¯^xKvi c~e©K ewj‡Zb t Bnv wKiƒ‡c
we‡eKm¤§Z nB‡Z cv‡i †h, GK e¨w³ Zvnvi Ro‡`n jBqv Zvnvi kh¨v
nB‡Z Avmgv‡b Mgb Kwij Ges †mLv‡b Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi mwnZ beŸB
nvRvi K_vevZ©v ewjqv wdwiqv Avwmqv †`wLj, Zvnvi kh¨v ZLbI Mig|114
kixqv‡Zi Z…Zxq Drm nBj BRgv-B-mvnve ev mvnvex‡ì HK¨gZ †h
e¨w³i wbKU ivm~jyjøvn (mt) AwcÖq Zvnvi wbKU Zuvnvi mvnvex‡ì gh©v`v
Avi wK nB‡Z cv‡i? mvnvev-B-wKivg (ivt) Gi wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi Dci
AvKe‡ii †Nvi AvcwË wQj| †hgb D‡óªi hy×, wmddx‡bi hy× BZ¨vw`|115
Kv‡RB, Zvnv‡ì BRgvi †Kvb gh©v`v AvKe‡ii wbKU wQj bv|
kixqv‡Zi PZz_© Drm nBj wK¡qvm| AvKei I Zuvnvi Abymvixiv Bnv‡K
A¯^xKvi Kwiqv ewj‡Zb, `xb-Bmjv‡gi gvmAvjv-gvmvwqj wdKvn-ZË¡we`
Avwjg‡ì m„wó| Kv‡RB, Dnvi Dci Avgj Kiv Av‡`․ Riæix bq|
Djvgv-B-`xb I AvB¤§v-B-Avnwj mybœvn m¤ú‡K© Aveyj dRj ewj‡Zb t
†Zvgiv wK Avgvi wbKU AgyK wgóvbœ we‡µZv, AgyK gywP ev Pvgv‡ii DØ„wZ
Øviv `wjj †ck Kwi‡Z PvI?116
`xb-Bmjvg cwiZ¨v‡Mi ci AvKei Pwjøk-iZœ bv‡g GKwU civgk© mfv MVb
K‡ib| Zvnviv Ôwe‡eK I hyw³ Z‡K©Õi gvcKvwV‡Z me wKQz‡K wePvi KwiZ|
hw` Dnv Zvnv‡ì we‡eK m¤§Z nBZ, Z‡e Dnv‡K ÔbI AvB‡b-BjvnxÕ Z_v
Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÕi bZzb AvBb wnmv‡e MÖnY KwiZ| Ab¨_vq Dnv‡K we‡eK
ewR©Z ewjqv cwiZ¨vM KwiZ|117
GB cwÛZ-g~L© Z_vKw_Z we‡e‡Ki Abymvixiv Av‡iv ewjZ t hw` Bnv awiqv
†bIqv nq †h, ïKi Bnvi KzrwmZ-K`vKvi †Pnvivi Rb¨ nvivg, Z‡e e¨vNª
Dnvi my›ì †Pnviv I mvnwmKZvi Rb¨ nvjvj nIqv DwPZ|118
Bmjvg ag© cwiZ¨v‡Mi ci AvKei nvjvj-nviv‡gi eëavb DVvBqv †`b|
wZwb g`cvb‡K •ea †NvlYv K‡ib| e`vq~bx e‡jbt AvKei ewj‡Zb †h,
kive hw` kix‡ii DcKv‡ii Rb¨ Jlaiƒ‡c eënvi Kiv nq, Z‡e Dnv
nvjvj| Aek¨ kZ© nBj, Dnv cv‡b †bkvMÖ¯Í nBqv †Kvbiƒc wdZbv-dvmv`
m„wó bv Kiv|119
m¤ªvU AvKei whbv Kiv‡K •ea ewjqv gZ †`b| HwZnvwmK gyneŸZ Be&‡b
d‡qh I e`vq~bx e‡jb t AvKei kn‡ii evwn‡i ÔkqZvbcyiÕ bv‡g
cwZZv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU ew¯Í cÖwZôv K‡ib|120
AvKei Ryqv •ea †NvlYv K‡ib Ges Zvnvi wb‡`©‡k ÔkqZvbcy‡iÕ GKwU
Ryqvi Ni ¯ vwcZ nq| GB ¯ v‡bi Ryqvoxw`M‡K ivRfvÛi nB‡Z my‡` UvKv
avi †Ìqv nBZ| GBiƒ‡c AvKei myÌ nvjvj ewjqv †NvlYv K‡ib|121
kixqv‡Zi `„wó‡Z cyiæ‡li Rb¨ †ikgx e¯¿ eënvi Kiv nvivg| Bmjv‡gi
mwnZ kÎæZvekZ AvKei †ikgx e¯¿ cwiavb Kiv‡K nvjvj †NvlYv K‡ib|
GB Rb¨ wZwb wb‡R Bnv cwiavb Ges Zvnvi Avgxi DgivMY‡K Dnv cwiavb
Kwi‡Z DrmvwnZ Kwi‡Zb|122
AvKei `vwo gyÛb‡K •ea †NvlYv K‡ib Ges gymjgvb ev`kvn&‡ì g‡a¨
wZwb m¤¢eZ cÖ_g e¨w³, whwb `vwo gyÛb K‡ib|123
AvKei kixqv‡Zi weavb evwZj Kwiqv weevn-kv`xi e¨vcv‡i wbR¯^ AvBb
Rvwi K‡ib| GB m¤ú‡K© Aveyj dRj e‡jb t Avjøvn&‡K Lykx Kwievi Rb¨
AvKei GB weavb Rvwi K‡ib †h, †lvj ermi c~Y© nIqvi Av‡M †Kvb
†Q‡ji Ges †P․Ï erm‡ii c~‡e© †Kvb †g‡qi weevn †Ìqv Pwj‡e bv|124
wZwb AviI e‡jb t AvKei GB wb‡`©kI Rvwi K‡ib †h, GK ¯¿x eZ©gvb
_vwK‡Z wØZxq ¯¿x MÖnY Kiv Pwj‡e bv Ges eÜ¨v ¯¿x‡jvK‡K weevn Kiv
hvB‡e bv|125
GZØ¨ZxZ ev`kvn& AvKei GB weavbI Rvwi K‡ib †h, †Kvb cyiæl bvix
A‡cÿv evi eQi Kg eq¯‥ nB‡j †m cyiæl H bvixi mwnZ mnevm Kwi‡Z
cvwi‡e bv|126
Aveyj dRj Av‡iv e‡jbt AvKei GB ûKzgI Rvwi K‡ib †h, †Kvb Kg
eq¯‥ hyeK AwaK eq¯‥v ¯¿x‡jvK‡K weevn Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv|127
HwZnvwmK gynveŸZ Be&b d‡qh Ges e`vq~bx e‡jb t ev`kvn& AvKei
GBiƒc digvbI Rvwi K‡ib †h, fwel¨‡Z †Kvb gymjgvb Zvnvi Lvjv‡Zv,
dzdv‡Zv, gvgv‡Zv I PvPv‡Zv fwMœ‡K weevn Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv|128
LvZbv m¤ú‡K© AvKei GBiƒc wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib †h, evi erm‡ii c~‡e©
†Kvb †Q‡ji LvZbvn& †Ìqv Pwj‡e bv|129 GB m¤ú‡K© Aveyj dRj e‡jb t
ev`kv‡ni GBiƒc wb‡`©k †Ìqvi KviY GB wQj †h, bvev‡jM †Q‡j‡ì
Dci kixqv‡Zi weavb Kvh©Kix nB‡Z cv‡i bv| GBRb¨ wZwb e¨vcviwU
evwjM nIqvi ci Zvnv‡ì B”Qvi Dci b¨¯Í K‡ib|130
kixqv‡Zi c`©vi †h weavb Av‡Q, AvKei Dnv D‡cÿv Kwiqv c`©v cÖ_v iwnZ
K‡ib Ges GB g‡g© wb‡`©k †`b †h, fwel¨‡Z gwnjvMY‡K gyLgÛj †Lvjv
ivwLqv evwni nB‡Z nB‡e|131
KvÕev N‡ii Aegvbbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvKei GB wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡ib †h, g„‡Zi
`vd‡bi mgq Dnv Aek¨B †Lqvj ivwL‡Z nB‡e, †hb Zvnvi g¯ÍK c~e©w`‡K
Ges c`Øq cwðg w`‡K _v‡K| e`vq~bx e‡jb t ev`kvn& wb‡Ri kq‡bi mgq
¯^xq c`Øq‡K wKejvi w`‡K ivwLqv kqb Kwi‡Zb|132
m‡e©vcwi, `xb-B-Bjvnxi Abymvixw`M‡K KZK¸wj wbqg I AvPvi Abyôv‡bi
gva¨‡g ag©-wek¦v‡mi ixwZbxwZ cvjb Kwi‡Z nBZ| Zvnvw`M‡K m¤ªv‡Ui
D‡Ï‡k¨ PviwU wRwbm- ab, Rxeb, m¤§vb Ges ag© wemR©b w`‡Z nBZ|
hvnviv Bnv MÖnY KwiZ, Zvnvw`M‡K Ô†PjvÕ ejv nBZ| Zvnvw`M‡K wb‡¤œv³
cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡Z nBZ| †hgb e`vq~bx e‡jb t ÔAvwg Agy‡Ki cyÎ AgyK, G
hveZ evc-`v`vi a‡g©i Abymvix wQjvg|Õ GLb Dnv †¯^”Qvq I ¯^Áv‡b
cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii `xb-B-Bjvnx MÖnY Kwi‡ZwQ Ges GB
a‡g©i LvwZ‡i Rvb, gvj, B¾Z I c~e© ag© cwiZ¨vM Kwi‡Z cÖ¯‧Z AvwQ|133
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Bnv ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq †h, `xb-
Bmjv‡gi aŸsm mva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvKei GB mg¯Í c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib|
Bmjvg Ges gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ GB mgqwU wQj LyeB gvivZ¥K| ev`kvn&
AvKe‡ii kvmbvg‡ji D×…wZ cÖms‡M nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)
e‡jb t gymjgvbiv Bmjvg cÖPvi Kwi‡Z cvwiZ bv| hw` †Kn Dnv cÖPv‡i
m‡Pó nBZ, Z‡e Zvnv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nBZ|134
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb t †Kvb gymjgvb Bmjv‡gi wb‡`k©vejx cvjb Kwi‡j
Zvnv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nBZ|135
ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii G‡nb Kvh©Kjvc cÖZ¨ÿ Kwiqv Zvnvi mg‡qi GKRb
weÁ AvÕwjg, †gvjøvn gynv¤§v` qvh`x Zvnvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb t AvKei gyiZv`
nBqv wMqv‡Q, Kv‡RB Zvnvi weiæ‡× hy× Kiv mg¯Í gymjgv‡bi Dci
dih|136
D³ d‡ZvqvwUi welq D‡jøL Kwiqv web‡m›U G. ¯§x_ ¯^xq MÖš  Akbar,
the Great Mughal- G wjwL‡Z‡Qb : Early in 1580 A.D. Mulla
Muhammad Yazdi, a theologian, who had been in intimate
converse with Akbar, ventured to issue a formal ruling
(Fatwa) in his copacity as Qadi of Jaunpur, that rebellion
against the innovating Emperor was lawful.137
GKBfv‡e GB d‡ZvqvwUi mg_©‡b W. Ck¦ix cÖvmv` ivq ¯^xq MÖš  A Short
History of Muslim rule in India-†Z wjwLqv‡Qb : The Qadi of
Jaunpur, Mulla Muhammad Yazdi had issued a Fatwa
(solemn declaration) early in 1580 A. D. declaring it
lawful for Muslims to take up arms against the Emperor,
whose measures threatned the very existence of Islam in
India. 138
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Bnv ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq †h, ev`kvn&
AvKe‡ii cÖPvwiZ ag©gZ, Ô`xb-B-BjvnxÕ-Gi Kvi‡Y, GB Dcgnv‡`k
nB‡Z `xb-Bmjvg wPiZ‡i DrLv‡Zi cvKv‡cv³ eë¯ v nBqv hvq| GB
we‡kl Ae¯ vq Avjøvn& iveŸyj ÔAvjvgxb ¯^xq `x‡bi wndvRv‡Zi Rb¨ Ggb
GKRb gyRvwÏ`‡K †cÖiY K‡ib, whwb Bmjvgx ì` I Av‡eM ficyi
AšÍtKi‡Y ûKzgv‡Zi ag©‡`ªvnxZv I †e`xb Kvh©Kjvc‡K aŸsm Kwiqv Zr¯ ‡j
Avjøvn&& Zvqvjvi Kvbyb I `xwb ûKzgvZ cÖwZôv K‡ib|
ev`kvn& Rvnv½xi I b~iRvnv‡bi wdZ&bv

AvKe‡ii g„Zzï ci b~iæÏxb Rvnv½xi 1014/1605 mv‡j w`jøxi wmsnvm‡b
Av‡ivnY K‡ib| wcZvi Avg‡ji Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ ÿwZKi mg¯Í eë¯ v‡K
wZwb ejer iv‡Lb| Zvnvi mg‡q ev`kvn&‡K wmR`v Kivi cÖ_vI cÖPwjZ
wQj| Rvnv½xi ¯^xq wcZvi b¨vq m~h©‡K Zvhxg Kwi‡Zb Ges m~‡h©i wewfbœ
bvg Zvmwen&iƒ‡c Rwc‡Zb| †R¨vwZlxM‡Yi Dci Zvnvi Mfxi wek¦vm wQj
Ges Zvnv‡ì civgk© Abyhvqx wZwb †Kvb KvR Kwievi c~‡e© ïfvïf jÿY
hvPvB Kwi‡Zb| wZwb Av¸b‡K Avjøvn&i Ôb~iÕ ewjqv wek¦vm Kwi‡Zb Ges
GB wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb wbqwgZ ÔcÖ`xc-c~RvÕ Kwi‡Zb| Ô`knivÕ I
Ô`xcvjxÕ Drm‡e wZwbI wcZvi b¨vq †hvM`vb Kwi‡Zb Ges ÔivLx-eÜ‡biÕ
cÖZxK MÖnY Kwi‡Zb| wZwb wb‡RI kive cvb Kwi‡Zb Ges Ab¨‡ì‡KI
GB e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ Kwi‡Zb|
†gvUK_v, `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i †¯^”QvPvwiZv I cÖe„wËcivqYZvq wZwb Zvnvi
wcZvi PvB‡Z GKUzI wcQ‡b wQ‡jb bv| Avi Zvnvi cwilèM©I wcZ…hy‡Mi
cvwilè‡M©i b¨vq Zvnvi g‡bviÄ‡bi †PóvB Kwi‡Zb| Aek¨ †`k-kvmb,
cÖRv mvavi‡Yi myL-kvwšÍ weavb BZ¨vw` wel‡q wZwb KwZcq RbwnZKi
eë¯ v cÖeZ©b K‡ib|139
GZ`m‡ËI ev`kvn&& Rvnv½xi gvh&nvex `„wó‡Kvb nB‡Z Zvnvi wcZvi
e¨wZµg wQ‡jb bv| Dciš‧ Zvnvi Avg‡j nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx
(it) Ges Zvnvi Abymvix‡ì Rb¨ GKwU bZzb wdZ&bv †`Lv †`q Ges GB
wdZ&bvi Drmg~‡j wQ‡jb m¤ªvÁx b~iRvnvb|
b~iRvnvb ev`kvn& Rvnv½x‡ii Dci weivU cÖfve we¯Ív‡i mÿg nb| G
m¤ú‡K© ¯^qs Rvnv½xi e‡jb t Avgvi ivRZ¡ GLb byiRvnvb Ges Zvnvi
†Mvwôi nv‡Z| Avwg ivRZ¡ Zvnv‡ì w`qv w`qvwQ| cÖZ¨n Avav‡mi †Mvk&Z
Ges GK‡mi kive e¨wZZ Avi wKQzB Avwg PvB bv|140
b~iRvnvb Bgvgxqv m¤úª`vqfz³ Biv‡bi ev`kv‡ni Dhxi LvRv gynv¤§v`
kviv‡di †`․wnÎx wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb kxqv m¤úª`v‡qi we‡kl ¯Í¤¢¯îƒc|
GB mgq we‡klfv‡e mybœx I kxqv m¤úª`vq Ø›Ø Zxeªiƒc aviY K‡i| DcišÍ
LyZevi g‡a¨ Lyjvdv-B-iv‡k`xb-Gi mgv‡jvPbv H mg‡qi me‡P‡q †ekx
gZwe‡iv‡ai KviY wQj| GB mg‡q Biv‡b wkqv‡ì cÖfve GZ †ekx wQj
†h, Ômybœxw`M‡K †mLv‡b ejc~e©K Bgvgxqv gvhnvef‚³ Kiv nBZ|141
AZGe GB Bivbx kxqvMY hLb †`wLj, byiRvnvb fviZ-m¤ªvÁx Z_v
ivRÿgZvi AwaKvwiYx Ges Zvnvi åvZv Avmd Lvb Zvnvi mnKvix, ZLb
Zvnviv mybœx‡ì †KvYVvmv Kwiqv wkqv gZev` cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Zrci nBqv
D‡V| nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Bnvi weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi nb, hvnvi d‡j
b~iRvnv‡bi Pµv‡šÍ ev`kvn& Zvnv‡K wmR`v bv Kivi Awf‡hv‡M nhiZ
gyRvwÏ`‡K †Mvqvwjqi `y‡M© e›`x Kwiqv ivwLevi Rb¨ wb‡`k© †`b|142
Avjøvn& iveŸyj ÔAvjvgxb nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbxi Dci †h weivU
`vwqZ¡ b¨¯Í KwiqvwQ‡jb, Zvnv Zvnvi cy‡Îi wbKU wjwLZ wb‡¤§v³ gvK&Z‚e
(cÎ) nB‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq| wZwb wjwLqv‡Qb t
ÔwcÖq erm! weMZ hvgvbvi AÜKviv”Qbœ mg‡q hLb †Kvb ÔDj~j AvRgÕ
(gnvm¤§vwbZ) cqM¤î †cÖiY Kiv nBZ; †mB mg‡qi cwi‡e‡ki mwnZ
eZ©gvb hvgvbvi ûeû wgj iwnqv‡Q| wKš‧ GB D¤§vZ mg¯Í D¤§vZM‡Yi g‡a¨
†kÖô Ges Zvnv‡ì bex Lv‡Zgyb ivm~j (mvjøvjøvn ÔAvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg)|
GB D¤§v‡Zi DjvgvMY‡K ebx-BmivB‡ji bexM‡Yi gZ©vev `vb Kiv nBqv‡Q
Ges H mg¯Í bex (Av:) Gi ¯ ‡j Bnvw`M‡K h‡_ó g‡b Kiv nBqv‡Q| GB
Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K kZ ermi AwZevwnZ nIqvi mgq GB D¤§v‡Zi ÔDjvgvM‡Yi
g‡a¨ GK Rb‡K gyRvwÏ` wba©vwiZ Kiv nq, whwb kixqv‡Z gynv¤§v`x‡K
c~bR©xweZ K‡ib| we‡kl Kwiqv GK nvRvi ermi AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci
weMZ D¤§vZM‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kvb Dj~j-AvRg cqMv¤^‡ii †cÖwiZ nBevi mgq
nBZ Ges †Kej bexi `R©vi Dci h‡_ó g‡b Kiv nBZ bv| Kv‡RB GB
mgq D¤§vZ-B-gynv¤§v`x (mt)-i g‡a¨ Giƒc GKRb eo kvb`vi gyRvwÏ‡ì
cÖ‡qvRb, whwb Avwi‡d-Kvwgj Ges ÔDj~j-AvRgÕ bexi bv‡qe ev cÖwZwbwa
nBevi †hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb|143
wØZxq nvRvi erm‡ii gyRvwÏ` nIqvi mc‡ÿ Zvnvi wb‡¤§v³ gvKZzewUI
cÖvwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb wjwLqv‡Qb t cxi gyixw` Kwievi Rb¨ Avgv‡K †cÖiY
Kiv nq bvB Ges Avgv‡K cq`v Kwievi D‡Ïk¨ †Kej m„ó Rx‡ei wkÿv-
`xÿvi c~Y©Zv `vb Kiv b‡n| eis Bnv GKwU wfbœZi e¨vcvi Ges GKwU wfbœ
ai‡bi Kvh©µ‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgv‡K cq`v Kiv nBqv‡Q| Bnvi gva¨‡g †h
e¨w³ Avgvi mwnZ m¤úK© ¯ vcb Kwi‡e, †m dv‡qh cÖvß nB‡e, bZzev bq|
ZvKgxj I Bikv‡ì Kvh©wU GB Kvh©µ‡gi gyKvwejvq iv¯Ívi Dci cwiZ¨³
e¯‧ m`„k| bex (Avt) MY KZ©„K a‡g©i cÖwZ `vIqvZ I Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi
mwnZ Zvnv‡ì evwZbx m¤úK©wUI GB ai‡bi| hwÌ bye~qv‡Zi wmjwmjv
†kl nBqv‡Q, wKš‧ byeyqv‡Zi KvgvjvZ I Bnvi •ewkóïvwR ivm~jyjøvn (mt)
Gi c~Y© AbymiY I DËivwaKvi m~‡Î bvmxe nBqv _v‡K|144
e¯‧Z nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it) Zvnvi wecøex ZvR`x‡ì
(ms¯‥v‡ii) KvR ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii mgq nB‡ZB ïiæ K‡ib| cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e
AvKe‡ii mgq wQj Zvnvi e¨w³MZ cÖ¯ÍywZ MÖn‡Yi mgq Ges Rvnv½x‡ii
mgq wZwb cÖKv‡k¨ Kg©‡ÿ‡Î SuvcvBqv c‡ob| GB mgq Zuvnvi eqm wQj
Pwjø‡ki AwaK|
wØZxq nvRvi erm‡ii gyRvwÏ` wn‡m‡e nhiZ kvBL Avngv` wmiwn›`xi
Avwe©fv‡ei cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i kvn& IqvjxDjøvn& gynvwÏQ
†`njfx (it) ¯^xq MÖš  Ôki‡n wimvjvÕq hvnv wjwLqv‡Qb, Dnv we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb ewjqv‡Qb t ev`kvn& ûgvq~‡bi ci AvKei w`jøxi
wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY Kwiqv wh›`xwKqv‡Zi AvKx`v †cvlY K‡ib; d‡j AÁZv
I ¸givnxi cZvKv mgybœZ nq| wfbœ wfbœ gvhvnve I evwZ‡ji AbymvixMY
PZzw`©K nB‡Z gv_vPvov w`‡q D‡V Ges †`‡k GK weivU wdZ&bvi m„wó nq|
AZtci AvKe‡ii cyÎ Rvnv½xi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib| wZwb kive
cv‡b we‡klfv‡e Af¨¯  wQ‡jb| Zvnvi Avg‡j wn›`yMY gv_vPvov w`‡q D‡V
Ges ivwdRx‡ì cÖfveI we‡klfv‡e e„w× cvq| hvi d‡j `xb-Bmjvg wecbœ
nq|145
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it)-Gi Avwef©veKvjxb mgq Ggb wQj
bv, hLb wn›`y¯ v‡b Avi †Kvb wewkó cxi-gvkv‡qL I Avwjg wQ‡jb bv| eis
m¤ªvU AvKei I Rvnv½x‡ii ivRvZ¡Kv‡j †mLv‡b AvDwjqv-B-wKivg I
nv°vbx ÔAvwjg‡ì Giƒc mgv‡ek NwUqvwQj, hvnvi †Kvb `„óvšÍ BwZc~‡e©
wQj bv G m¤ú‡K© wek` weeiY cÖ`vb cÖms‡M kvn IqvwjDjøvn& †`njfx (it)
e‡jb t ÔGB mg‡q †KejgvÎ w`jøx kn‡iB gvIRy` gbxwl‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg
wQ‡jb mvBwq` Ave`yj Iqvnve eyLvix, kvn gynv¤§v` wLqvjx, kvqL ÔAve`yj
Avhxh wPkZx, kvqL Ave`yj nK gynvwÏQ †`njfx, LvRv evKx wejøvn (it),
whwb nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avj‡d mvbx (it) Gi gywk©`| GB eyhyM©‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB KvivgvZ m¤úbœ I wbR wbR †ÿ‡Î Bgvg m`„k wQ‡jb| Zuvnv‡ì
wjwLZ AmsL¨ MÖš I gIRy` wQj|
kvn mv‡ne Av‡iv e‡jb t ÔM½y‡n kvqL Ave`yj KzÏym M½ynx (it) I Zuvnvi
AvIjv`MY gvIRy` wQ‡jb| GB eyhyM©MY mK‡jB kvixqvZ I gvwidv‡Zi
Áv‡b AwØZxq wQ‡jb| Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ kvqL Ave`yb bvex M½ynx (it) we‡kl
weL¨vZ wQ‡jb, whwb AvKei KZ…©K wbnZ nb| ZvQvov AvKei ev‡` wQ‡jb
gvIjvbv mvBwq` iwdDÏxb (it) whwb †m hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg eyhyM© I gynvwÏm
wQ‡jb| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avgxi Aveyj ÔAvjx Djyex (it) wQ‡jb AvKeiev‡`|
wZwb Djyweqv bvK&k ev›`xqv ÔZixKvi hei`¯Í cxi wQ‡jb| Bnv Qvov
†Mvqvjxq‡i wQ‡jb kvn& gynv¤§v` MvI‡Q †Mvqvjxqix, bviRy‡j wQ‡jb kvqL
wbhvg bviKzjx (it)|
nhiZ kvn& IqvjxDjøvn& †`njfx (it) Dc‡iv³ eyh~M©‡ì gh©v`v I cÖfve
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv cÖms‡M D‡jøL Kwiqv‡Qb| GB eyhyM©MY GBiƒc wQ‡jb,
huvnv‡ì bv‡gi Imxjvq evivKZ nvwmj Kiv hvBZ Ges huvnv‡ì bvg ¯§iY
Kwi‡j Avjøvn& ZvÕqvjvi ivngvZ bvwhj nBevi Avkv Kiv hvBZ|146
ev`kvn& AvKei I Rvnv½x‡ii mgq GB mg¯Í e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ eyhyM© _vKv
m‡Ë¡I GB Dfq kvm‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j `xb-Bmjvg we‡ivax kvnx wdZ&bv, †e-
`xbx Kvh©Kjvc, `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjg, m~dx, ivwdRx I gykw& iK‡ì wdZ&bv,
wewfbœ gvhnv‡ei ag©xq AvwacZ¨, ivwk ivwk we`&ÕAv‡Zi cÖPjb, `xb-Bmjvg
we‡ivax iæmgvZ AvKx`v I Avjøvn&‡K A¯^xKvi, Ô`xb-Bmjvg‡K wbwðý
Kwievi I `x‡bi †kqvi cÖf„wZ iwnZ Kwievi Rb¨ wewea Kvh©Kjv‡ci
weiæ‡×, Avjøvn& ZvÕqvjvi wKZv‡ei I ivm~‡ji mybœv‡Zi wkÿvI Av`‡k©
Zvnviv `xb Bmjvg‡K iÿv Kwi‡Z mvnmx nb bvB| cÿvšÍ‡i GB e`&-`xbx
mqjv‡ei weiæ‡× whwb GKvKx wngvj‡qi gZ iæwLqv ùvovb, wZwb kvqL
Avngv` wmiwn›`x gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it)| Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi Zid
nB‡Z wZwb GB gnv `vwqZ¡ AvbRvg †`b Ges wØZxq mn¯ª erm‡ii
gyRvwÏìƒ‡c Mvqex g`‡` GB mg¯Í e`-`xwb Kvh©Kjv‡ci Avg~j
ms¯‥vic~e©K `xb-Bmjvg‡K m‡ZR I cwi‡ek‡K Kjylgy³ Kwiqv ¯^xq `vwqZ¡
c~Y©iƒ‡c cÖwZcvjb K‡ib|
GB cÖms‡M Ôwn›`y¯ v‡bi wZbRb gyRvwÏ`Õ kxl©K Av‡jvPbvq nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-
B-Avjwd mvbx (it) m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv‡ì gšÍe¨wU LyeB
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb ewjqv‡Qb t
Ôev¯Íe K_v GB †h, mvaviYfv‡e mKj‡K `x‡bi cÖwZ Avnevb Kiv Ges
wbf©xKZv I `„pZvi mwnZ Avnevb Kiv `yBwU wfbœZi e¨vcvi| Bnv Riæix
b‡n †h, cÖ‡Z¨K `vIqvZ`vbKvix GB ch©v‡q †c․Qv‡Z mÿg nB‡e|
`vIqvZ`vbKv‡ji nvRvi nvRvi Avwjg I Kvwgj e¨w³ gvIRy` _v‡Kb|
wKš‧ Øv‡iv`NvUbKvix e¨w³ †KejgvÎ D³ mg‡qi gyRvwÏ`B nBqv _v‡Kb|
wn›`y¯ v‡bi BwZnv‡m Bnvi `„óvšÍ weij b‡n| ev`kvn& I nKcš x gvkvwqLMY
nB‡Z wK wn›`y¯ vb Lvwj wQj? eis AmsL¨ eo eo ÔAvwjg I gvkvwqL
gvIRy` wQ‡jb| wKš‧ D³ hy‡Mi Bmjvn [ms‡kvab] I ZvRw``x [ms¯‥vi]
Kvh© KvnviI Øviv m¤úbœ nq bvB| GKgvÎ Bgvg-B-iveŸvbx nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-
B-Avjwd mvbx (it) kvqL Avngv` wmiwn›`x (it) Gi cvK nvw¯Í [cweÎ
e¨w³Z¡] GB weivU Kv‡h©i wR¤§v`vix MÖnY K‡i| Bnv mywew`Z †h, D³ mg‡q
eo eo ÔAvwjg I LvbKvi cxiMY wQ‡jb| gyb&ZvLveyZ ZvIqvixL, Ze&Kv‡Z
AvKeix, iIhvZzj ÔDjvgv I AvLeviæj AvwLqvi cÖf„wZ MÖš  cv‡V †`Lv hvq
†h, GB mg‡q wn›`y¯ v‡b ÔAvwjg cxi Qvov wKQzB wQj bv Ges LvbKvn I
gv`vivmv e¨wZ‡i‡K †Kvb kni I MÖvg wQj bv|147
ZrKvjxb ÔDjvgv‡ì g‡a¨ wb‡¤œv³ e¨w³eM© LyeB weL¨vZ wQ‡jb| h_v t
ÔkvqL Avjx †gvËvKx, kvqL Rvjvj _v‡bk¦ix, †gvjøv gvngy` †R․bcyix,
gvIjvbv BqvÕKze Kvwk¥ix, †gvjøv KzZeyÏxb kvn&jfx, kvqL Ave`yj nK
gynvwÏm †`njfx, †gvjøv Ave`yj nvwKg wkqvj‡KvUx, gvIjvbv Bjvn& `v`
†R․bcyix| Bnviv ¯^ ¯^ Kg©Kv‡Û wb‡R‡ì mgq e¨q Kwi‡Zb| Zuvnviv GB
ZvRw``x Kv‡h© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvj‡b Zrci nb bvB|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)-Gi gywk©` nhiZ LvRv evwK wejøvn&
(it)| nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì e¨w³Z¡ I †kÖô‡Z¡i cÖwZ BswMZ Kwiqv ewjqvwQ‡jb
t Avwg Av‡jvK bwn eis PKgwK| Avwg Av¸b evwni Kwiqv †`B wKš‧ Av‡jv
nB‡Z‡Q kvqL Avngv` wmiwn›`x|148
ÔDjvgv-B-wn›` kvb`vb gvhxÕ MÖ‡š i cÖ‡YZv gvIjvbv mvBwq` gynv¤§v` wgqv
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)-Gi ZvR`x‡ì Av‡jvPbv cÖms‡M
Zuvnvi gh©v`v I †kÖô‡Z¡i cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kwiqv ewjqv‡Qb t
ÔAvKei I Rvnv½x‡ii Avg‡j †Kej wn›`y¯ v‡bB bq eis Kveyj, ZzK©x¯ vb I
Lyivmv‡b `xb-Bmjv‡gi Ae¯ v LyeB bvRyK wQj| mK‡jB `x‡bi `yie¯ vi
Rb¨ `ytL cÖKvk KwiZ wKš‧ †KnB Dnvi ZvR`x‡ì Rb¨ m‡Pó nBZ bv|
wn›`y¯ v‡b me‡P‡q eo gymxevZ wQj GB †h, Avg I Lvm mK‡ji Dci
ZvmvD‡di is GZ Mfxi cÖfve we¯Ívi KwiqvwQj, hvnv AeY©bxq| wKš‧
cÖK…Z ZvmvD‡di cweÎZv-gyL©Zv I we`ÕAv‡Zi mswgkÖ‡Y, G‡Kev‡iB
KjywlZ nBqv cwoqvwQj| eis GK cÖKv‡ii †Lqvj-Lykx I †¯^”QvPvwiZv‡K
Z¡ixK¡‡Zi †Mvcb Z‡_ï AvL¨vq AvL¨vwqZ Kwiqv †jvKw`M‡K †auvKv †Ìqv
nBZ| mvaviY †jv‡Kiv kixqv‡Zi wkÿv cwiZ¨vM Kivi ¸givnx‡Z
wbgw¾Z nq| GKw`‡K Z_vKw_Z cxi I gvkvwqL‡ì LvbKvi †eovRvj
mviv †`k‡K Ave× Kwiqv ivwLqvwQj| Acic‡ÿ, AvKeix kvm‡bi cÖfv‡e
PZzw`©‡K we`ÕAvZ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i Ges GB K‡g© ÔDjvgv‡q Qz Õ [Amr
Avwjg] I `ywbqv`vi m~dx bvgavwiMY AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| GB
wdZ&bv‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kwievi gZ kw³ Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv GKgvÎ nhiZ
gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it)-†K cÖ`vb K‡ib|149
gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)-i ivR‣bwZK gZv`k© I

wecøex Kg©myPx
Bgvg-B-iveŸvbx gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)-i ivR‣bwZK gZv`k© GBiƒc
wQj t †`‡ki ev`kvn& RbM‡Yi Rb¨ iƒn ev AvZ¥v m`„k, GgZve¯ vq iƒ‡ni
Bmjvn& ev ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g kixi I AsM cÖZ¨s‡Mi ms‡kvab nBqv
_v‡K| e¯‧Z nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Zuvnvi gyRvwÏ`x Rxe‡bi
wecøex ms¯‥vi Kg©myPx MÖn‡Yi cÖv°v‡j Bnv Dcjwä Kwi‡Z mÿg nb †h,
†g․wjKfv‡e wZbwU avivq AvKeix wdZ&bvi mqjve cÖevwnZ| Bnvi
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ wZwb Kvh©Kix I ev¯Íe Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡ib| D³ wZbwU
aviv wQj t
1. ev`kv‡ni Avgxi DgivnMY t ZrKvjxb ivR‣bwZK Ae¯ v I NUbvejxi
we‡kl MwZ Bnv‡ì A‡bK‡K ag© nB‡Z wePz¨‡Z Kwiqv wn›`y‡Z¡i
wcÖqcvÎ evbvBqv †dwjqvwQj|
2. ÔDjvgv-B-QzÕ ev Amr ÔAvwjg t Bnv‡ì GKgvÎ Awfjvl wQj cvw_©e
¯^v_© jvf Kiv| GB Rb¨ Zvnviv iv‡Rï KY©avi I Avgxi Dgiv‡ì
gb¯‧wói Rb¨ e¨¯Í _vwKZ Ges cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a Zvnviv kixq‡Zi •ea
wRwbm‡K A‣ea Ges nvivg‡K nvjvj ewj‡Z we›`ygvÎ wØav‡eva KwiZ
bv|
3. fÛ I ¸givn& Z_vKw_Z m~dxMY t GB `‡ji AwfgZ wQj, ÔkixqvZ
AvIi nvq, Z¡ixK¡Z AvIiÕ A_©vr kixqv‡Zi mwnZ Z¡ixK¡v‡Zi †Kvb
mskÖe bvB eis Z¡ixK¡v‡Zi c~Y©Zv jvf Kwi‡j kixqv‡Zi cve›`x ev
AbymiY Zvnv‡ì Rb¨ Avi ìKvi nq bv| Bnv‡Z Kvwgj e¨w³ Avjøvn&&
nB‡Z cv‡i Ges Avjøvn&&i †eUvI|
wdZ&bvi GB DrmÎq ci¯úi msjMœ| gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Bnv‡ì
MwZ I wPšÍvaviv‡K cwiï× Kwievi Rb¨ c~Y© kw³ I wnKgv‡Zi gva¨‡g ¯^xq
gyRvwÏ`x wL`gvZ m¤úv`b Kwiqv Kvwgqve nb|
wZwb Zuvnvi gyRvwÏ` myjf Zxÿè Ávb Øviv Bnv Abyaveb Kwi‡Z mÿg
nBqvwQ‡jb †h, Dc‡iv³ wZbwU avivi wdZ&bvi ms¯‥vi mvab nB‡jB
ev`kvn& Ges †`‡ki RbmvaviY ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e ms‡kvwaZ nBqv hvB‡e|
†Kbbv, Zvnvi g‡Z kix‡ii mwnZ iƒ‡ni †hgb m¤úK©, wVK †ZgbwU
ev`kv‡ni mwnZ †`‡ki Rbmvavi‡Yi m¤úK© we`¨gvb| ÔDjvgv-B-QzÕ I
fÛ-ì‡ekMY ¯^xq ¯^v‡_©i gvqvRv‡j ev`kvn&‡K Ave× Kwiqv `xb-Bmjv‡gi
mg~n ÿwZmvab K‡i| GB m¤ú‡K© nhiZ ÔAve`yjøvn& web gyevi‡Ki Dw³wU
cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb e‡jb t
Ô`xb-Bmjvg‡K †KejgvÎ ev`kvn&, `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjg I fÛ-m~dxMY eiev`
K‡ib|Õ150
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it) Zuvnvi wecøex ms¯‥vi Kg©m~Pxi m~Pbv‡Z
iv‡Rï Avgxi-DgivM‡Yi mwnZ we‡kl m¤úK© m„wó K‡ib, hvnvi d‡j
Zuv‡ì AwaKvskB nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì wbKU gyix` nBqv Zuvnvi nvjKvfz³
nb| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb Zuvnv‡ì mwnZ †h cÎ wewbgq K‡ib, Zv‡Z gy kx© ‡ì
b¨vq †ec‡ivqv I †ewbqvhxi kvb cwi`„ó nq| D³ c‡Î evwZj AvKx`v
cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ Zv‡ì wb‡`©k †Ìqv nBqv‡Q|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it) GB mg¯Í D”P c`¯  I cÖfvekvjx
ivRKg©Pvix‡K AwZ mZK©Zvi mwnZ ZvÕwjg I ZviweqvZ ev wkÿv-`xÿv
cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges Zvnv‡ì f‚j AvÕKx`v¸wj ms‡kvab Kwiqv mwZ¨Kvi
Bmjvgx Av`‡k©i Abymvix wnmv‡e Mwoqv †Zv‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K wZwb Bnv‡ì
mvwe©K mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwnZvq miKvix kvmbh‡š¿i MwZI wbqwš¿Z K‡ib|
†Kbbv, ivR-ìev‡i Bnv‡ì Aeva MgbvMgb wQj Ges Zvnv‡ì cÖfve-
cÖwZcwË wQj h‡_ó cwigv‡Y †ekx| Kv‡RB, GBiƒc g‡b Kiv msMZ nB‡e
†h, AvKei I Rvnv½x‡ii ivR‡Z¡i mKj mybœx miKvix Kg©Pvix wQ‡jb nhiZ
gyRvwÏ‡ì wecøex ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi m`m¨ I Kvh©Kix Kg©cwil`|
GB mgq AwaKvsk gymwjg †`‡ki Avgxi, nvKxg, AvÕwjg I gvkvwqLMY
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it) m¤ú‡K© IqvwKdnvj nb Ges mKj
w`K n‡Z `‡j `‡j †jvK Zuvnvi mwnZ mvÿvr Kwievi Rb¨ AvMgb Kwi‡Z
_v‡K| wZwb mKj †kÖYxi †jv‡Ki kÖ×vi cvÎ nb Ges Zuvnvi ìevi GBiƒc
gh©v`v I †M․iejvf K‡i †h, †mLv‡b †KnB gyL Lywj‡Z mvnm cvBZ bv|
GB mgq nhiZ gyRvwÏ` kvqL iwdDÏxb‡K Lvwjdv evbvBqv ev`kvn&
Rvnv½x‡ii •mb¨‡ì g‡a¨ Bmjvnx D‡Ï‡k¨ †cÖiY K‡ib|
e¯‧Z †Kvb m¤ªv‡Ui ïwa¨ ev mv¤ªv‡Rï ms¯‥vi GKwU we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
e¨vcvi| Bmjv‡gi bxwZ Abyhvqx Bnv a‡g©i Ab¨Zg cÖavb wL`gvZ| nhiZ
gyRvwÏ`-B- Avjwd mvbx (it) GB gnvb D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ `„p c`‡ÿc
MÖnY K‡ib Ges Avjøvn&i ivng‡Z Kvwgqvex nvwmj K‡ib| Zuvnvi GB
†M․iegq i³cvZnxb weivU wecøex ms¯‥vi Kg©avivi †Kvb BwZnvm cvIqv
hvq bv, hØviv NUbvejxi mwVK weeiY Rvbv hvB‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ Zuvnvi
gvK&ZzevZ kixdB Zuvnvi ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j `wjj wn‡m‡e GLbI
we`¨gvb, hvnvi Av‡jv‡K Zuvnvi wecøex ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc‡iLv
cieZ©x‡Z Av‡jvwPZ nB‡e|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì gvKZ~e (cÎ)-¸wj cvV Kwi‡j Rvbv hvq †h, ev`kvn&
Rvnv½x‡ii ìev‡ii wewkó e¨w³e‡M©i A‡b‡KB mybœx gZev‡ì Abymvix
wQ‡jb Ges Zuvnviv mK‡jB nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì wbKU gyix` nBqv Zuvnvi
nvjKvf‚³ nb| kvnx ìev‡ii wewkó e¨w³M‡Yi g‡a¨ wb‡¤§v³ e¨w³‡ì
bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| h_vt Ave`yi inxg Lvb Lvbvb, Lvb Rvnvb,
Lvb Avhg, m`‡i Rvnvb, gxR©v `viv, KvjxR Lvb, bIqve kvqL dix`,
nvKxwg dZûjøvn, kvqL Ave`yj Inve, •mq` gvngy`, •mq` Avngv`, wLwRi
Lvb †jvax, gxR©v e`xD¾vgvb, RveŸvix Lvb, wmKv›`vi Lvb †jvax cÖgyL|
Bnuv‡ì bv‡g wjwLZ cÎvejxB Bnvi DrK…ó cÖgvY Bnv‡ì †Kn †Kn
AZ¨vwaK cÖwZcwËkvjx D”P c`¯  mvgwiK I †emvgwiK ivRKg©Pvix wQ‡jb|
GB mg¯Í e¨w³ Rvnv½x‡ii ivR‡Z¡i ¯Í¤¢¯îƒc wQ‡jb| we‡klfv‡e Ave`yi
inxg Lvb Lvbvb ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii mgq nB‡ZB GZ †ekx cÖfve I
cÖwZcwËkvjx wQ‡jb †h, †hb g‡b nBZ, wZwb †hb Aa©-ivR‡Z¡i gvwjK|
wZwb mv¤ªv‡Rï DbœwZK‡í me mgqB D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv cvjb Kwi‡Zb|
Abyiƒcfv‡e D‡jøwLZ Ab¨vb¨ Kg©PvixI ev`kvn& Rvnv½x‡ii iv‡RZ¡i we‡kl
¯Í¤¢¯îƒc wQ‡jb Ges ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii ivRZ¡Kvj nB‡ZB Zvnviv we‡kl
gh©v`v m¤úbœ e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb|151
AvKe‡ii g„Zzï ci wnRix 1014 mv‡ji 8B Rgvw`Dm-mvbx Rvnv½xi w`jøxi
gmb‡` Av‡ivnY K‡ib| wZwb g„Z wcZvi g‡Zi Abymvix nB‡jI Kvh©Z
D`vi g‡bvfvevcbœ gymjgvb wQ‡jb| GB mgq nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì eqm wQj
43 ermi| Rvnv½xi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B nhiZ gyRvwÏ`
Zuvnvi ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡ib| ev`kv‡ni g‡bvfv‡ei K_v D‡jøL c~e©K
ZvB wZwb Zuvnvi Ab¨Zg wewkó kvqL dix‡ì wbKU GB g‡g© GKLvwb
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÎ †cÖiY K‡ib| wb‡¤œ Dnvi Askwe‡kl D×…Z nBj t
ÔAvR Bmjvgx ivR‡Z¡i DbœwZ I gymjgvb ev`kv‡ni wmsnvm‡bi Av‡ivn‡Yi
†Lvk-Lei Lvm I Avg (we‡kl I mvaviY) †jv‡Ki Kv‡b †c․wQqv‡Q|
ev`kv‡ni g``Mvi I mvnvh¨Kvix nIqv Ges kixqvZ cÖPvi I gvhnve‡K
kw³kvjx Kwi‡Z Zvnv‡K c_ cÖ`k©b Kiv gymjgvbMY wb‡R‡ì Dci KZ©e¨
ewjqv g‡b K‡i-GB mvnvh¨ I kw³ e„w× gy‡LB nDK A_ev evûe‡j|152
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) ev`kvn& Rvnv½x‡ii ivR‡Z¡i GB
mgq‡K Zuvnvi ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi g~jëvb my‡hvM wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡ib|
wZwb I Zuvnvi AbyMZ wewkó Avgxi-Dgiv‡ì Øviv Bmjvnx Kvh©µ‡gi
bgybv¯îƒc KwZcq gvK&Zz‡ei mvivsk wb‡¤œ D×…Z Kiv hvB‡Z‡Q, hvnv‡Z
nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì a‡g©i cÖwZ Av‡eM I AbyivM Ges Zuvnvi Kg©c×wZ I
ZrKvjxb Ae¯ vi cÖwZ we‡kl Av‡jvKcvZ iwnqv‡Q|
Lvb Avhg wQ‡jb ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii Dgivn&M‡Yi Ab¨Zg| ev`kvn&
Rvnv½x‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡jI wZwb GKRb wewkó gh©v`v m¤úbœ e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ` Zvnv‡K wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔmZ¨ msev``vZv nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt) Bikv` Kwiqv‡Qb t Bmjvg Bnvi
cÖvi¤¢Kv‡j †hgb AcwiwPZ wQj, AwP‡iB Dnv cybivq AcwiwPZ nBqv
hvB‡e| Kv‡RB Bmjvg‡K cÖwZwôZ Kwievi j‡ÿ¨ hvnviv A‡bï †Pv‡L
AcwiwPZ I AcQ›`bxq nq Zvnv‡ì Rb¨ †Lvk-Lei| eZ©gv‡b Bmjvg
a‡g©i AmnvqZv I Kiæb Ae¯ v GB ch©v‡q †c․wQqv‡Q †h, KvwdiMY
cÖKvk¨fv‡e Bmjv‡gi †`vlv‡ivc Kwi‡Z‡Q| Zvnviv gymjgvb‡ì e`bvg
Kwi‡Z‡Q Ges wbf©‡q Kzdix ûKzg-Avn&Kvg Rvix Kwiqv evRvi, iv¯ÍvNvU I
AwjMwj‡Z wb‡R‡ì cÖksmv Kwi‡Z‡Q| Acic‡ÿ gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨
Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-Avn&Kvg cÖPvi Kiv wb‡la| kixqv‡Zi ûKzg-Avn&Kvg
cvj‡bi Rb¨ Zvnv‡ì Dci †`vlv‡ivc I e`bvg Kiv nB‡Z‡Q|
myenvbvjøvnx Iqv-wenvgw`nx| GBiyc Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, kvixqvZ Zievwii
Qvqvi bx‡P| †Kbbv, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ kiv-kvixqv‡Zi Lyex (†m․›`h©) ev`kvn&‡ì
Dci wbf©ikxj| wKš‧ Avd‡mvm! GLv‡b e¨vcviwU wecixZ| Bnv KZB bv
ü`qwe`viK|
eZ©gv‡b Avcbvi e¨w³‡Z¡i gh©v`v A‡bK †ekx| Avgiv GB ag©hy‡× `ye©j
Ges civwRZ| †Kej Avcbvi gy‡Li w`‡K Avkvwš^Z nBqv Pvwnqv AvwQ|
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv †hb Avcbv‡K GB ag©hy‡× mvnvh¨ K‡ib|
nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn (m:) Bikv` Kwiqv‡Qb t Ô†jv‡K hLb cvMj e‡j, ZLbB
c~Y© Cgvb AwR©Z nq|Õ Avm‡j GB cweÎ cvMjvwgi D‡Ïk¨ nB‡Z‡Q, `x‡bi
mvnvh¨ I Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvšÍwiK ì`| Bnv Avcbvi wdZivZ ev ¯^fv‡ei
g‡a¨ cwi`„ó nB‡Z‡Q| Avj&nvg`ywjjøvn&|
eZ©gvb mgqwU GBiƒc †h, hLb Aí Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q AwaK dj jvf Kiv
hvq| ÔAvmnv‡e KvnvdÕ ev ¸nvevmxMY Zuvnv‡ì hvgvbvq †KejgvÎ Avjøvn&i
mš‧wó jv‡fi Rb¨ wnRivZ KwiqvwQ‡jb| GB Rb¨ Zuvnv‡ì GB KvRwU
Avjøvn&i wbKU LyeB cQ›` nq| kÎæi AvµgYKv‡j wmcvnx Aí¯^í Kó
Kwi‡jI Zvnviv eoB wek¦v‡mi cvÎ nq| GLb Avcbvi mvg‡b wRnv‡ì †h
my‡hvM Avwmqv‡Q-BnvB ÔwRnv`-B-AvKeiÕ ev me PvB‡Z eo wRnv`| Bnv‡K
MvbxgvZ g‡b Kwiqv G Kv‡R AwaK m‡Pó nDbÕ|
AZtci nhiZ LvRv Avnivi (it) wK cÖKv‡i ev`kvn& I AvgxiM‡Yi
ìev‡i Mgb Kwiqv Zuvnvw`M‡K ¯^xq PwiÎ e‡j ekxf‚Z Kwiqv ms‡kvab
Kwi‡Zb, Bnvi `„óvšÍ cÖ`v‡bi ci nhiZ gyRvwÏ` wjwLqv‡Qb t
bKke›`xqv ZvixK¡vi eyhy‡M©i mwnZ gneŸZ ¯ vcb Kivi `viæb Avjøvn& cvK
Avcbv‡K GK cÖKv‡ii cÖfve I `„pZv `vb Kwiqv‡Qb| mgmvgwqK e¨w³ I
eÜzM‡Yi `„wó‡Z Avcbvi g‡a¨ ag©xq gh©v`v I m¤§vb e„w× cvBqv‡Q| GB
Rb¨ Avcwb †Póv Kiæb, hvnv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ Kzdix ûKzg-Avn&Kvg I
gvhnvex D`vmxbZv m„wó bv nB‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvnviv †hb GB Lvivc KvR
nB‡Z `~‡i _vwK‡Z cv‡i| weMZ ivR‡Z¡ (AvKe‡ii kvmbvg‡j) GBiƒc g‡b
Kiv nBZ, †hb ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) Gi a‡g©i mwnZ Zvnv‡ì kÎæZv I we‡Øl
Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GB (Rvnv½xi) ivR‡Z¡ cÖKvk¨fv‡e GBiƒc kÎæZv †`Lv hvq
bv| hwÌ kÎæZv _v‡K, Z‡e Dnv welqwU m¤ú‡K© AewnZ bv nIqvi
dj¯îƒc| hvnv nDK, GB fqI Aek¨ Av‡Q †h, Dnv nB‡Z µ‡g µ‡g
ag©xq e¨vcv‡i kÎæZvi m„wó nB‡e Ges gymjgvb‡ì‡K cybivq wec‡ì
m¤§yLxb nB‡Z nB‡e|153
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) ev`kvn& Rvnv½x‡ii ìev‡ii GKRb
Ab¨Zg m`m¨‡K Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì `y`©kv m¤ú‡K© BswMZ Kwiqv
Avd‡mvm cÖKvk c~e©K wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔcÖvq GK kZvãx AwZevwnZ nB‡Z Pwjj, Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì `y`©kv I
AmnvqZv GB ch©v‡q †cu․wQqv‡Q †h, KvwdiMY Bmjvgx gyj&‡K cÖKvk¨fv‡e
Kzdix ûKzg-AvnKvg Rvwi KwiqvI mš‧ó bq eis Zvnviv †Póv Kwi‡Z‡Q
hvnv‡Z Bmjvgx Avn&Kvg G‡Kev‡iB wbwðý nBqv hvq Ges Bmjvg I
gymjgvbxi †Kvb bvg-wbkvbv evKx bv _v‡K| e¨vcviwU GB ch©šÍ MovBqv‡Q
†h, †Kvb gymjgvb Bmjv‡gi †Kvb †kqvi ev ixwZ-bxwZ cÖKvk Kwi‡j
Zvnv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| wn›`y¯ v‡b Miæ h‡en Kiv Bmjv‡gi GKwU eo
†kqvi| KvwdiMY wRwhqv Ki w`‡Z ivRx nB‡Z cv‡i, wKš‧ Zvnviv KLbI
Miæ Kzievbx‡Z ivRx nB‡e bv| eZ©gvb ev`kv‡ni (Rvnv½x‡ii) ivR‡Z¡i
cÖvi‡¤¢ hw` Bmjvgx ûKzg-Avn&Kvg cÖPwjZ nq Ges gymjgvbMYI Zvnv‡ì
Cgv‡bi `„pZv cÖwZôv Kwi‡Z mÿg nq, Z‡e DËg| Ab¨_vq hw` G e¨vcv‡i
AwaK wej¤^ Kiv nq, Z‡e gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ ag©xq Abykvmb¸wj wVKfv‡e
cvjb Kiv LyeB `ytmva¨ nBqv cwo‡e| cvbvn!! Avevi cvbvn!!!
†`Lv hvK, †Kvb& fvMëvb e¨w³ GB †m․fv‡Mï Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍyZ Ges †Kvb&
evnv`yi D³ †`․jZ jv‡f mÿg|154
gydwZ m`‡i Rvnvb GKRb gh©v`vm¤úbœ ¸Yx e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb mvBwq`
eskRvZ wQ‡jb Ges ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii mgq `xN©Kvj cÖavb gydZxi `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| ev`kvn& Rvnv½xiI Zuvnv‡K GB `vwqZ¡ wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb|
`x‡bi ZvR`x‡ì Kv‡R kixK nIqvi Rb¨ nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx
(it) Zvnv‡K DØy× Kwiqv wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
Kw_Z Av‡Q, Ô†jv‡Kiv ev`kv‡ni a‡g©i AbymiYKvix|Õ GBRb¨
me©mvavi‡Yi ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ ev`kv‡ni ms‡kvab LyeB Riæix| weMZ
hvgvbvi (AvKe‡ii mgq) Kvh©Kjvc Bnvi R¡jšÍ bhxi|
e¯‧Z GLb ivR‡Z¡i g‡a¨ GKwU wecøe Avwmqv‡Q Ges `x‡bi `ykgb‡ì
mwµqZv P‚Y©-weP‚Y© nBqv wMqv‡Q| Kv‡RB Bmjv‡gi †bZ…¯ vbxq e¨w³MY
Z_v-Avgxi-Dgiv I ÔDjvgv‡ì Dci `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ GB †h, Zuvnviv †hb
`xb-Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ me©kw³ wb‡qvM K‡ib Ges Bmjv‡gi
aŸsmcÖvß ¯Í¤¢¸wj‡K cybivq cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| †Kbbv, A‡nZzK wej‡¤^ AwaK
cwigvb AgsMj Awbevh©| Avgv‡Ì b¨vq Mix‡ei AšÍ:KiY wej‡¤î Kvi‡Y
LyeB †c‡ikvb| hvgvbvi `ytL-K‡ói Qvc GLbI gymjgvb‡ì AšÍ‡i AuvKv
Av‡Q| NUbvejx †hb Bnvi cÖwZKv‡ii cwicš x bv nq Ges Bmjvg †hb Bnv
nB‡ZI Amnvq Ae¯ v cÖvß bv nq| ev`kvn& †h ch©šÍ mybœvZ-B-bvevexi
DbœwZi Rb¨ AvMÖnkxj bv nb Ges ev`kv‡ni wcÖqcvÎMYI wb‡R‡ì‡K GB
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Kiv nB‡Z `~‡i ivwLqv bk¦i Rxeb‡K wcÖq g‡b K‡ib,
GgZve¯ vq †ePviv gymjgvb‡ì Dci mgq eoB KwVb I msKxY© nB‡e|155
•eivg Lv‡bi fvwMbv Lvb Rvnvb wQ‡jb we‡kl e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ, hvnvi cÖavb¨
ivR‡Z¡i AwaKvsk Avgxi-Dgivn‡ì Dci wQj| nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it)
`x‡bi ZvR`x‡ì Kv‡R kixK nIqvi Rb¨ Zvnv‡K DØ„× Kwiqv GKwU `xN©
cÎ †j‡Lb| D³ cÎwU gvK&ZzevZ kvix‡di wØZxq L‡Û 67 bs gvKZzeiƒ‡c
msKwjZ Av‡Q| Dnv‡Z wZwb Bmjv‡gi mgy`q AvKvC` I ÔBev`vZ eoB
wPËvKl©K I my›ìiƒ‡c eY©bv Kwiqv‡Qb|
cÎcv‡V cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wZwb Lvb Rvnvb‡K `x‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i mvnvh¨
Kwievi Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z nIqvi ZvKx` w`‡Z‡Qb| GB c‡Îi †klvs‡k wZwb
wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔeZ©gvb ev`kvn& (Rvnv½xi) mß cyiæl nB‡Z gymjgvb Ges Avnj-B-
mybœvZzj Rvgv‡Zi AšÍf©~³ I nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Abymvix| KZK ermi nBj
wKqvg‡Zi wbKUeZ©x I beyIqv‡Zi mgq nB‡Z `~ieZ©x- GB hvgvbvi wKQz
AvÕwjg ¯^xq AšÍ‡ii Kj~l nB‡Z Drcbœ †jv‡fi eèLZxi ìæb ev`kvn&
Ges AvgxiM‡Yi •bKU¨ nvwmj I †Lvkv‡gv` Kwiqv gReyZ a‡g©i g‡a¨
m‡›`‡ni m„wó I AvcwË DÌvcb Kwiqv mij I wb‡e©va †jvKw`M‡K †auvKv
w`‡Z‡Q| GB gnxqvb ev`kvn& hLb Avcbvi K_v fvjfv‡e kÖeY I MÖnY
Kwi‡Z cv‡ib ewjqv cÖgvY nq, ZLb Bnv eo †`․jZ nB‡e †h, Avcwb
cÖKv‡k¨ ev Bkviv-BswM‡Z-Avn&j-B-mybœvZzj RvgvÕ‡Zi AvKx`v¸wji mwnZ
mvgÄm¨c~Y© ÔKvwjgv-B-nvKÕ Z_v Kvwjgv-B-Bmjvg‡K Zvnvi K‡Y©
†c․QvBqv‡`b Ges hZ`yi m¤¢e Avn&j-B-nv‡Ki K_v¸wj Zvnvi m¤§y‡L †ck
K‡ib| Avi me mgq GBiƒc my‡hvM cÖvwßi Rb¨ Avkvwš^Z _vKzb, hvnv‡Z
gvh&nve I wgjøv‡Zi welq Av‡jvPbv Avi¤¢ nBqv hvq| Kzdi †h evwZj, Bnv
wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨vq ¯úó Ges mZ¨ Ges †Kvb eyw×gvb e¨w³ KLbB Kzdix
cQ›` K‡ib bv| wbfx©KwP‡Ë Bnvi AmviZv cÖKv‡ki ms‡M ms‡M
AbwZwej‡¤^ Bnv‡ì wg_¨v gvÕey`¸wji AmviZv cÖvgYc~e©K gvÕey` einK ev
mZ¨-gvÕey`‡K cÖwZôv Kiv GKvšÍ ìKvi|
e¯‧Z Kvwdi‡ì ag© evwZj Ges gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ †h e¨w³ nvK I mij
c_ nB‡Z wePz¨Z nBqv‡Q, †m weåvšÍ I Kzc_Mvgx| GKgvÎ mijc_
nB‡Z‡Q nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv:) I Lyjvdv-B-iv‡k`x‡bi cÖ`wk©Z c_ ev
ZixKv|
wZwb Av‡iv ewj‡Z‡Qb t ÔGLb Avwg cÖK…Z e¨vcvi wea„Z Kwi‡ZwQ †h,
ev`kvn& nB‡jb AvZ¥vmv`„k Ges Ab¨ mKj gvbyl kixi-¯îƒc| AvZ¥v my¯ 
_vwK‡j †hgb kixi fvj _v‡K, Z`ªæc AvZ¥v †ivMvµvšÍ nB‡j kixiI
†ivMMÖ¯Í nBqv c‡o| Kv‡RB, ev`kv‡ni Bmjvn& ev ms‡kva‡bi Dc‡i
iv‡Rï cÖRv‡ì Bmjvn& wbf©kxj| ev`kv‡ni Bmjvn& nB‡Z‡Q †h, mg‡qi
w`‡K jÿ¨ ivwLqv †hB cÖKv‡iB nDK-Kvwjgv-Bmjvg‡K †hb Zvnvi wbKU
cÖPvi I cÖKvk Kiv nq| Kwjgv-B-Bmjv‡gi ci mybœx RvgvZ cš x‡ì
AvKx`v¸wj mgq my‡hvMgZ ev`kv‡ni Kv‡b †c․Qv ìKvi Ges evwZj
gvhnve cš x‡ì i` ev cÖwZ‡iva Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
GB m¤ú` n¯ÍMZ nB‡j bex (Avt) M‡Yi gxivm ev m¤úwË n¯ÍMZ nq|
Avcwb GB m¤§vb webvK‡ó DËivwaKvi m~‡Î jvf Kwiqv‡Qb| Kv‡RB Bnvi
Kì ev m¤§vb KiæbÕ|156
ev`kvn& Rvnv½x‡ii mg‡qi wewkó Avgxi KvjxR Lv‡bi bv‡g wjwLZ GK
gvK&Zz‡e (c‡Î) nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Zvnv‡K ci‡nhMvix
GL&wZqvi I `x‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ DØy× Kwiqv
wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔwØZxqZ Avcbv‡K GB Rb¨ abëv` Ávcb Kwi‡ZwQ †h, jv‡nv‡ii b¨vq eo
kn‡i Avcbvi e¨w³‡Z¡i ìæb kvixqv‡Zi A‡bK ûKzg-Avn&Kvg cÖPwjZ
nBqv‡Q| Bnv‡Z Øxb-Bmjv‡gi kw³ e„w× I kvixqv‡Zi mvnvh¨ nBqv‡Q| GB
kniwU wn›`y¯ v‡bi mKj kn‡ii g‡a¨ KzZz‡e Bikv‡ì gh©v`v iv‡L| GB
kn‡ii Lv‡qi I evivKvZ wn›`y¯ v‡bi mKj kn‡ii Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i|
GB kn‡i `x‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmvi nB‡j Ab¨ mKj kn‡i I ¯ v‡b Bnvi cÖPvjb
nBqv hvB‡e| nvK& mye&nvbvû ZvÕAvjv Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiæb|157
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Ab¨ GK gvK&Zz‡e `x‡bi
mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì K_v eY©bv Kwiqv wjwL‡Z‡Qb t Ôivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû
AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` Kwiqv‡Qb t ÔAvgvi D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ m`v-
me©`v Ggb GK RvgvZ _vwK‡e hvnviv Rqx nBqv mZ¨ c‡_ cÖwZwôZ
_vwK‡e| Zvnv‡ì wecÿ `j wKqvgvZ ch©šÍ Zvnv‡ì †Kvbiƒc ÿwZ
Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv| 158
nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Lvb Rvnvb‡K Ab¨ GK c‡Î `xb-Bmjv‡gi ZvR`x‡ì
Kv‡R wb‡R‡K wb‡qvM Kwievi Rb¨ DØy× Kwiqv wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
Ô................ bk¦i `ywbqvi wgóZv I wbqvgZ¸wj fvj g‡b nq, hw` Z¤§‡a¨
`x‡bi ZvejxM I Avgvj _v‡K| Ab¨_vq Bnv aŸsmvZ¥vK cÖvYniYKvix
njvnj m`„k- hvnv wPwbi mwnZ wgwkÖZ Ges hØviv AÜ I AÁ †jvK‡K
cÖZvwiZ Kiv nBqv _v‡K|
cvw_©e wgóZvi cÖvYmsnvix we‡li ms‡kvab hw` nvKx‡g gyZjvK Rvjøv
kvbyûi wel msnvi‡Ki Øviv Kiv nq A_©vr kixqv‡Zi Avn&Kv‡gi wZ³Zv
I wgóZv Øviv hw` Bnvi cÖwZ‡iva Kiv nq, Z‡e AwZ mnR I mn‡Ri
Dci cÖwZwôZ GBiƒc mvgvb¨ ms¯‥v‡ii Øviv wPi my‡Li ¯ vb nvwmj Kiv
m¤¢e nq|
hvnv nDK, †QvU ev”Pv‡ì gZ ev`vg I AvL‡iv‡Ui jvjmvi wkKvi bv nBqv
cÖ‡Z¨K Ae¯ vq eyw× I `~i`wk©Zv mnKv‡i Kg© m¤úv`b Kiv DwPZ| mvg‡b
GLb †h wL`gvZ Av‡Q, Dnv hw` kixqvZ-B-gy¯Ídv (mvt) Gi Abymi‡Yi
mwnZ m¤úv`b Ki nq, Z‡e GB wL`gvZ bex (Avt)M‡Yi wL`gv‡Zi Abyiƒc
nB‡e Ges Bnvi Øviv Bmjvg Av‡iv †M․ievwš^Z nB‡e|
Avgv‡ì b¨vq dKxiMY hw` erm‡ii ci ermi e¨vcx Rxeb wemR©b w`qvI
†Póv K‡i,Zvnv nB‡jI Avcbv‡ì b¨vq evnv`yi‡ì mgKÿ nB‡Z
cwi‡ebv|159
`x‡bi Kv‡djvq kixK nBqv ZvR&`x‡ì Kv‡R AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ DØy× Kwiqv
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Zuvnvi Ab¨Zg gyix` wewkó Dgivn
kvqL dix`‡K GKwU bvwZ`xN© c‡Î wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
Ôgvby‡li AvZ¥vi mwnZ Zvnvi †`‡ni †hiƒc m¤úK©, wVK Abyiƒc m¤úK©
ev`kvn& I Zuvnvi ivR‡Z¡i cÖRv‡ì mwnZ we`¨gvbÕ| AvZ¥v fvj _vwK‡j
†hiƒc †`nI fvj _v‡K, wVK †Zgwb AvZ¥vi g‡a¨ †Mvj‡hvM ïiæ nB‡j
kix‡ii g‡aÏ Dnvi cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| GBfv‡eB ivR‡Z¡i gsMj I
Kj¨vY ev`kv‡ni fvj nIqvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Ges ev`kvn& Lvivc nB‡j
ivR‡Z¡i AgsMj Acwinvh©|
Avcwb ÁvZ Av‡Qb †h, weMZ hvgvbvi (AvKe‡ii mg‡q) gymjgvb‡ì
Dci w`qv wK wK gywmevZ Pwjqv wMqv‡Q| AZx‡Z KvwdiMY Rqx nBqv
`viæj Bmjv‡g Kzdix ûKzg-Avn&Kvg Rvwi KwiZ| Aci c‡ÿ †mLv‡b
gymjgvbMY Bmjvgx ûKzg-Avn&Kvg Rvwi Kwi‡Z AcviM wQj|
Ggb wK, Zvnviv Bmjvgx ûKzg Rvwi Kwi‡Z m‡Pó nB‡j Zvnv‡ì KZj
Kiv nBZ|
eoB Av‡ÿc I cwiZv‡ci welq GB †h, Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi gvneye nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (mvt) Gi Dci wek¦vm ¯ vcbKvixMY †eBh&hvZ I Ac`¯  Ges
Zvnvi cÖwZ Awek¦vmxMY m¤§vbx I wek¦vmfvRb| gymjgvbMY AvnZ ü`‡q
Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ †kvK D`&hvcb KwiZ Ges kÎæMY nvwm-Zvgvkv Kwiqv
Zvnv‡ì hL‡gi Dci jeY wQUvBqv w`Z| wn`vqv‡Zi m~h© ¸givnx‡Z XvKv
cwoqvwQj Ges m‡Zï Av‡jv wg_¨vi c`©vq XvKv cwoqvwQj| AvR Bmjvgx
ivR‡Z¡i DbœwZ Ges gymjgvb ev`kvn&i (Rvnv½x‡ii) wmsnvmb Av‡ivn‡Yi
myLei me©‡kÖYxi †jv‡Ki K‡Y© †c․wQqv‡Q| ev`kvn&i g``Mvi I
mvnvh¨Kvix nIqv Ges kixqvZ cÖPvi I ag©‡K kw³kvjxK‡í Zuvnv‡K c_-
cÖ`k©b Kiv gymjgvbMY wb‡R‡ì Dci KZ©e¨ ewjqv g‡b Kwiqv‡Q- GB
mvnvh¨ I kw³ †hvMv‡bv gy‡LB nDK A_ev evûe‡j| me‡P‡q eo mvnvh¨
nB‡Z‡Q, wKZve, mybœvZ I Bh&gv-B-D¤§v‡Zi ZixKv Abyhvqx kixqv‡Zi
gvmqvjv-gvmvwqj¸wj eY©bv Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq AvKx`v¸wj cÖKvk Kiv,
hvnv‡Z †Kvb we`ÕAvZ I ¸givnx ga¨Lv‡b DcbxZ nBqv c_åó bv Kwi‡Z
cv‡i Ges Kg© cÛ bv K‡i| kvixqv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i GB cÖKv‡ii mvnvh¨B
nB‡Z‡Q AvwLiv‡Zi bvRvZ KvgbvKvix nvKcš x ÔAvwjgM‡Yi we‡kl
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjgMY GB wbK…ó `ywbqv‡K me©‡Zvfv‡e
Kvgbv K‡i| Zvnv‡ì msM jvf gvivZ¥K njvnj m`„k Ges Zvnv‡ì m„ó
wdZ&bv d¨vmv` msµvgK e¨vwai gZ|
Kwei fvlvq t †fvM wejv‡mi myL-mvq‡i †hÔAvwjg iq wbwZ,
c_nviv †m, Kvnv‡i `vwb‡e myc‡_i cwiwPwZ?
weMZ hvgvbvq †h mg¯Í gmxevZ Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì Dci AvcwZZ
nBqvwQj, Zvnvi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj GB `‡ji AcKg©| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ ev`kvn&
(AvKei) †K BnvivB ¸givn& I c_åó KwiqvwQj| ¸givnxi 72wU c_
Aej¤^bKvix‡ì cwiPvjbvKvix I †ck BgvgI nB‡Z‡Q GB mg¯Í wbK…ó
ÔAvwjgMY| ÔAvwjg e¨wZ‡i‡K GBiƒc †jvK weij, hvnviv c_åó nBqv‡Q
Ges Dnv‡ì ¸givnxi cÖfve Ab¨ †jvK ch©šÍ †c․wQqv‡Q| GB hy‡M mydx‡ì
†cvkvK cwiwnZ AwaKvsk gyL© †jvK ÔAvwjg mvwRqv‡Q Ges Zvnv‡ì
cÖPvwiZ wdZ&bv dvmv` msµvgK e¨vwai gZ| †Kvb e¨w³i kw³- mvg_©¨
m‡Z¡I †m hw` kvixqv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi mvnvh¨ bv K‡i Ges Bnvi
d‡j Bmjvgx weavb¸wj ev¯Íevq‡b ÎæwU N‡U, Z‡e GB e¨vcv‡i wbw¯…q
f‚wgKv cvjb Kivi Rb¨ Zvnv‡K kvw¯Í †Ìqv nB‡e| GB wbt¯^ dKxiI
wb‡R‡K Bmjvgx ûKzgvZ cÖwZôvq mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì `jf‚³ Kwiqv GB
e¨vcv‡i †P÷v Kwi‡Z Pvq| †Kbbv Kw_Z Av‡Q t †h †Kvb m¤úª`v‡qi msL¨v
e„w× K‡i- †m Zvnv‡ìB `jf‚³Õ| GB nv`x‡mi gg©vbyhvqx GB dKxi H
mg¯Í eyhy‡M©i Rvgv‡Zi AšÍf‚©³ nB‡Z Pvq| nhiZ BDmyd (Avt) †K weµq
Kwievi K_v cÖPvwiZ nB‡j GKRb e„×v igbxI wKQz iwk jBqv †mLv‡b
Dcw¯ Z nBqvwQj| Zvnvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, †mI nhiZ BDmyd (Avt) Gi
LwiÏvi‡ì g‡a¨ MY¨ nB‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvnvi mvg_©¨ wQj HUzKzB| GB
e¨vcv‡i Avwg wb‡R‡K D³ e„× igYxi gZB g‡b Kwi‡Z‡Q| Bb&kv-Avjøvn&
dKxi kxNªB Avcbvi wbKU nvwRi nIqvi Lv‡qk iv‡L| Avcbvi wbKU BnvB
Kvgbv Kwi †h, Avjøvn& Zvqvjv hLb Avcbv‡K ev`kvn&i cyivcywi •bKU¨ `vb
Kwiqv‡Qb, GgZve¯ vq Avcwb cÖKv‡k¨ I †Mvc‡b- c~b©fv‡e ivm~jyjøvn (mt)
Gi-kixqv‡Zi cÖPvi Kv‡h© m‡Pó nB‡eb Ges gymjgvb‡ì‡K GB `yive¯ v
nB‡Z Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb Kwi‡eb|160
`x‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Kv‡R m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kwievi Rb¨ DØy×
Kwiqv nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) kvqL dix`‡K cybivq
wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
m„wói †miv Avw¤^qv (Avt) MY gvbyl‡K Avjøvn& cÖ`Ë `x‡bi Z_v kixqv‡Zi
cÖwZ Avnevb Kwiqv‡Qb Ges Zuvnv‡ì mg¯Í Rxeb GB Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ
ivwLqv‡Qb| GB mg¯Í eyhyM© †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ nBj-kixqv‡Zi ûKzg Avn&Kvg
gvby‡li wbKU †c․QvBqv †Ìqv| Kv‡RB kvixqv‡Zi cÖPjb Kiv, we‡kl
Kwiqv GB mg‡qi g‡a¨, hLb Bmjv‡gi ixwZ-bxwZ awmqv cwoqv‡Q, ZLb
Bnvi ûKzg¸wji †Kvb GKwU‡K RxweZ Kivi †Póv KivB m‡e©vËg KvR|
kixqv‡Zi †Kvb GKwU weavb cÖPj‡bi gyKvwejvq †KvwU †KvwU UvKv Avjøvn&i
iv¯Ívq LiP Kiv mgvb bq| †Kbbv, GB KvRwU m„wói †miv bex (Avt)M‡Yi
Abymi‡Yi ch©vqfz³ Ges GB KvR Kivi A_© nBj H mg¯Í eyhy‡M©i mwnZ
kixK nIqvi mgZzj¨|161
GKBiƒ‡c, Aci GK c‡Î nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) kvqL dix`‡K wjwL‡Z‡Qb
t ÔAvjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi ìev‡i `yÕAv GB †h, Avnj-B-evB‡Zi eyhyM©
AvIjv`M‡Yi gva¨‡g kixqv‡Zi ûKzg-Avn&Kvg¸wj cÖPvi jvf KiæK| BnvB
nB‡Z‡Q cÖK…Z KvR| Bnv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ meB g~j¨nxb ¸givnxi GB Zzdv‡bi
g‡a¨ `yie¯ vMÖ¯Í gymjgvb‡ì bvRv‡Zi Avkv AvRI bex Kixg (mv) Gi
Avnj-B-evB‡Zi wKk&Zxi Dci wbf©i Kwi‡Z‡Q| †hgb ivm~jyjøvn& (mvt)
Bikv` Kwiqv‡Qb t
ÔAvgvi Avnj-B-evB‡Zi D`vniY nhZi b~n (Avt)-Gi wKk&Zxi Abyiƒc|
hvnviv Bnv‡Z Av‡ivnY Kwiqv‡Q, Zvnviv bvRvZcÖvß nBqv‡Q Ges hvnviv
Dnv nB‡Z `~‡i iwnqv‡Q, Zvnviv aŸsmcÖvß nBqv‡Q|Õ
Kv‡RB GB †m․fvM¨ nvwmj Kwievi Rb¨ ¯^xq D”P wn¤§Z‡K c~Y©fv‡e
wgjøv‡Zi cybR©xweZ KiY I kvixqv‡Zi cÖPjb Kv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ Kivi GKvšÍ
cÖ‡qvRb|
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi dh‡j eyhyM©x I m¤§vb Ges kvb-kIKvZ mg¯Í wKQzB
Avcwb jvf Kwiqv‡Qb| Bnvi mwnZ hw` GB wbqvgZwU cÖvwßi my‡hvM jvf
nq, Z‡e †m․fv‡Mï gq`v‡b AvcwbB me©v‡MÖ mdjZv jvf Kwi‡eb| GB
Aag `x‡bi mvnvh¨ I kvixqv‡Zi cÖPjb m¤ú‡K© GB †kÖYxi K_v †ck
Kwievi Rb¨ Avcbvi wbKU nvwRi nBevi B”Qv †cvlY K‡i|Õ162
Dc‡iv³ cÎ¸wji Øviv ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nq †h, nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-
Avjwd mvbx (it) ev`kv‡ni ms‡kva‡bi Av‡M miKvix Kg©Pvix‡ì
Bmjvnxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †ekx Abyfe K‡ib| †Kbbv, Zuvnvi aviYvbyhvqx †mB
hy‡M cÖPwjZ mg¯Í cÖKvi wdZ&bv-dvmv‡ì Ab¨Zg KviY wQj miKvix
kvmbZš¿ cwiPvjbvKvix GB mg¯Í Ruv`‡ij AvgjvMY|
e¯‧Z nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) KZ…©K msMwVZ ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vjb
Gi g‡a¨ kvqL dix` wQ‡jb kxl©¯ vbxq †bZv| Zuvnvi g‡bvej e„w×i Rb¨
nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Zuvnvi wbKU me©‡gvU 22 Lvwb cÎ wjwLqv‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨
`x‡bi wewfbœ w`‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ Zzwjqv awiqv nhiZ gy¾vwÏ` (it) Zuvnv‡K
kixqv‡Zi wewa-weavb cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i AskMÖnY Kwievi Rb¨ DØy×
Kwiqv‡Qb| GK gvK&Zz‡e (c‡Î) Zuvnv‡K wjwL‡Z‡Qb t AvRKvj Bmjvg
eoB `y`©kvMÖ¯Í| GLb Bnvi kw³ e„w×i Rb¨ GKwU cqmv e¨q Kiv †KvwU
†KvwU UvKv Li‡Pi PvB‡ZI DËg| †`Lv hvK, †Kvb& evnv`yi GB eo
m¤ú`wU jvf K‡ib| mvaviYZ `x‡bi cÖPvi I Dnvi kw³ e„w×i Rb¨ †h
†Kvb mgq †h e¨w³ AMÖmi nB‡j Bnv DËg| wKš‧ eZ©gv‡b Amnvq Ae¯ vi
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avcbvi b¨vq Avnj-B-evB‡Zi evnv`yi‡ì c‡ÿ `xb cÖPvi I
a‡g© mvnvh¨ Kiv LyeB †kvfbxq Ges Bnv Avcbv‡ì gZ †jvK‡ìB we‡kl
KvR| †Kbbv GB ag©iƒc gnvabwU Avcbv‡ìB M„‡ni e¯‧| Avcbv‡ìB
e‡`․j‡Z Ab¨ mK‡j GB m¤ú` nvwmj Kwiqv‡Qb| GB gnv wL`&gv‡Zi myôz
m¤úv`bB nB‡Z‡Q ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) Gi nvwKKx ev mZ¨-ZixKvi
DËivwaKvwiZ¡| BnvB †mB mgq, hvnvi m¤ú‡K© nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mvt)
Zuvnvi mvnvev‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab Kwiqv ewjqvwQ‡jb t
ÔAvR GB mgq hw` †Zvgiv Av‡`k I wb‡l‡ai (Avgi I †bnx) GK-
`kvgvskI cwiZ¨vM Ki, Z‡e †Zvgiv aŸsm nBqv hvB‡e| wKš‧ Bnvi ci
Ggb GK mgq Avwm‡e, hLb GK-`kgvsk m¤úv`b Kwi‡jB †jv‡Kiv
bvRvZ cvB‡e|Õ
GB `xN© c‡Îi †klvs‡k nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Av‡iv wjwLqv‡Qb t ÔeZ©gv‡b
Bmjv‡gi ev`kvn&i (Rvnv½xi) g‡bv‡hvM Kvwdi‡ì w`‡K bvB| ZvB,
GLb gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Riæix nB‡Z‡Q Kzdix-iæmgv‡Zi ev ixwZ-bxwZi
†`vl-ÎæwU¸wj c~Y©iƒ‡c ev`kv‡ni †MvPixf‚Z Kiv| GB e¨vcv‡i Avcwb
cÖ‡qvRb‡iv‡a †Kvb ÔAvwjg‡K msMx Kwiqv jB‡eb| kixqv‡Zi ûKzg -
Avn&Kvg Rvwi Kwievi Rb¨ †Kvb KvivgvZ cÖKvk Kiv Riæix bq| hw`
†jvK‡K eySvBevi Rb¨ Ges `x‡bi ZvejxM I cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb
RvgvZ‡K Kó †fvM Kwi‡Z nq, ZvnvI cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †m․fvM¨ e‡U| bex
(Avt)MY wK Kó †fvM K‡ib bvB? nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) Bikv`
Kwiqv‡Qb t A_©vr Avgv‡K hZ Kó †Ìqv nBqv‡Q, Ab¨ †Kvb bex‡K ZZ
Kó †Ìqv nq bvBÕ|163
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) GB ai‡bi AmsL¨ cÎ gv‡S gv‡S
ev`kv‡ni ìevixMY‡K wjwLqv‡Qb| gvK&Z‚evZ kix‡d Giƒc eû
gvK&Z‚evZ bhxi Av‡Q| GB mKj c‡Î †KejgvÎ ev`kv‡ni wbKU
ÔKvwjgv-B-nKÕ †c․QvBevi Rb¨ Ges Zvnv‡K mrc‡_ Avbqb Kwievi Rb¨
ejv nq bvB eis H mg¯Í gvK&Zz‡e wZwb eoB wPËvKl©K I wek`fv‡e
Kzdi, wkiK, Kvwdi‡ì iæmgv‡Zi LÛb I Dnvi †`vl eY©bv Ges Bmjvg
I †kqv‡i Bmjvgmn Bmjv‡gi Zvwjg ev wkÿv¸wji mg_©b I e¨vL¨v
Giƒcfv‡e Kwiqv‡Qb, hvnv GKRb eyw×gvb I b¨vq-civqY e¨w³i Bmjvn
I Zuvnvi ÔAvKx`vi ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó| GB gvK&Z‚e¸wj cvV Kwi‡j
AbywgZ nq †h, wZwb ev`kv‡ni H mg¯Í mnPi I wcÖqcvÎ‡ì‡K
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c KivqË KwiqvwQ‡jb, hvnviv iv‡Rï g‡a¨ mgwaK cÖfve
cÖwZcwËkvjx wQ‡jb Ges Bnv‡ì gva¨‡g wZwb ¯^xq e³e¨ me mgq
ev`kv‡ni Kv‡Q †c․QvB‡Z mÿg nb|
GB wnK&gvZ ev †K․kj Aej‡¤î gva¨‡g wZwb weivU Kvwgqvex nvwmj K‡ib,
hvnvi d‡j Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨B ev`kv‡ni †Lqvjx-‡Suv‡Ki g‡a¨ we‡kl
cwieZ©b m~wPZ nq Ges `y`©kvMÖ¯Í Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Zuvnvi g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ó
nq| Ae‡k‡l e¨vcviwU GB ch©v‡q Av‡m †h, GK`v kvqL dix` ev`kvn&
Rvnv½x‡ii wbKU nB‡Z GB Av‡`k jvf K‡ib t
Ôìev‡ii Rb¨ GBiƒc PviRb `xb`vi ÔAvwjg g‡bvbxZ Kiæb, hvnviv
kixqv‡Zi gvmqvjv-gvmvwqj¸wj †jvKw`M‡K wkÿv w`‡Z cv‡ib; hvnvi
d‡j kixqv‡Zi wLjvd †Kvb KvR †hb bv n‡Z cv‡i|Õ164
GB Lei nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)Gi wbKU †c․Qv‡j wZwb LyeB
Avbw›`Z nb| wKš‧ wZwb Zuvnvi gyRvwÏ`m~jf `~i`„wó‡Z ZLbB Abyaveb
Kwi‡Z mÿg nb †h, GB my›ì eë¯ vi g‡aÏ AwZ my² AvksKv jy°vwqZ
Av‡Q| Zvnvi wPšÍvavivq ev¯Íe NUbvejxi c~Y© wPÎ gIRy` wQj Ges GB
nvKxKvZI Zvnvi m¤§y‡L wQj †h, ev`kvn& AvKei‡K KwZcq bvd&m cyi¯Í
(bvd&‡mi c~Rvix) `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjg Bmjvg nB‡Z `~‡i mivBqv w`qv
Zvnv‡K ag©PzZ¨ K‡i| Avjøvn& bv Kiæb, GB ai‡bi ÔAvwjg cybivq ev`kvn&
Rvnv½x‡ii ìev‡i m‡geZ nB‡j GB mg¯Í †gnbvZ eiev` nBqv hvB‡e|
GB Rb¨ wZwb Kvj wej¤^ bv Kwiqv ZrÿYvr kvqL dix` I m`‡i Rvnv‡bi
wbKU `yBLvwb cÎ †j‡Lb| kvqL dix‡ì c‡Î Zvnvi `yÕAv Kivi ci GB
mymsev` cÖvwßi Rb¨ Avb›` cÖKvk Kwiqv Zvnv‡K e¨vcviwUi my² w`K
Abyaveb Kwievi Rb¨ BswMZ Kwiqv wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
Ômg¯Í cÖksmv Avjøvn&& ZvÕAvjvi| gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Bnv nB‡Z eo Lykx Avi
wK nB‡Z cv‡i Ges `ytLMÖ¯Í‡ì Rb¨ (`x‡bi e¨vcv‡i) Bnv nB‡Z †Lvk-
Lei Avi wK nB‡Z cv‡i| †h‡nZz GB dKxi GB D‡Ï‡k¨ Avcbvi w`‡K
Pvwnqv iwnqv‡Q, †mB Rb¨ KwZcq Riæix welq m¤ú‡K© ejv I wjwce× Kiv
AwZkq ìKvi ewjqv g‡b K‡i| GB Rb¨ Avcwb Avgv‡K ÿgv Kwi‡eb|
Avcwb AeMZ Av‡Qb †h, MihIqvjv e¨w³ cvMj nBqv _v‡K| Avwg Avih
Kwi‡ZwQ †h, gvb-gvh©v`v I ab-†`․j‡Zi cÖwZ GKvev‡i †jvf bvB Ges
kvixqvZ cÖPjb I `x‡bi cybiæ¾xeb e¨wZ‡i‡K hvnv‡ì †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ bv
_v‡K, Giƒc ÔAvwjg weij| Bnv ev¯Íe mZ¨ †h, ÔAvwjg‡ì g‡a¨ PvKzix I
gvb-m¤§v‡bi cÖZ¨vkv _vwK‡j mK‡jB ¯^-¯^ ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ eyhyMx©
cÖ`k©b Kwi‡Z m‡Pó nB‡e| GgZve¯ vq Avmj D‡Ïk¨ evbPvj nBqv
hvB‡e| weMZ ev`kv‡ni (AvKe‡ii) hy‡M GBiƒc `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjg‡ì
gZwe‡ivaB `ywbqvi ey‡K gymxevZ Avwbqv‡Q Ges GLbI GB AvksKv Av‡Q|
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv †hb wbK…ó ÔAvwjg‡ì wdZ&bv I Lvivex nB‡Z Avgv‡ì
iÿv K‡ib|
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, hw` PviR‡bi cwie‡Z© GKRbI nv°vbx ÔAvwjg wbe©vwPZ nb,
Z‡e eoB †m․fv‡Mï K_v| †Kbbv, Zuvnvi msmM© cikgwY Zzj¨| hw` †Kvb
Lvwjm Avjøvn&Iqvjv ÔAvwjg bv cvIqv hvq, Z‡e we‡kl wPšÍv I hvPvB-
evQvB‡qi Øviv hvnv‡K fvj g‡b nq Zvnv‡K wbe©vPb Kwi‡eb| gvby‡li gyw³
†hfv‡e ÔAvwjgM‡Yi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Dci wbf©i K‡i GKBfv‡e GB `ywbqvi fvj-
g›` Zuvnv‡ì AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi Dci wbf©ikxj| †kÖô ÔAvwjgMY m„wói †miv
Ges wbK…ó ÔAvwjgMY gvbeKz‡ji Kj¼| †Kbbv, gvbeRvwZi wn`vqvZ I
Kj¨vY Zvnv‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i| GKRb eyhyM© Bewjm‡K †eKvi ewmqv
_vwK‡Z †`wLqv wRÁvmv K‡ibt e¨vcvi wK? ZLb DË‡i †m e‡jt GB mg‡q
GK †kÖYxi ÔAvwjg Avgvi KvR m¤úbœ Kwi‡Z‡Q| Kv‡RB gvbyl‡K c_åó I
¸givn Kwievi Rb¨ ZvnvivB h‡_ó|
Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ nBj, GB e¨vcv‡i LyeB wPšÍv-fvebv Kwiqv wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv|
†Kbbv e¨vcviwU bvMv‡ji evB‡i †M‡j Avi cÖwZKvi m¤¢e nB‡e bv|165
nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) GKB e¨vcv‡i m`‡i Rvnvb‡K †h cÎLvbv †j‡Lb,
DnvI D‡jøL‡hvM¨| c‡Î Avjøvn&& ZvÕAvjvi cÖksmv Ges Zvnv‡K `yÕAv
Kwievi ci wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔGBiƒc kÖeY Kwi‡ZwQ †h, Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ †SvK nIqvi Kvi‡Y ev`kvn&
GLb wKQz Avwjg Pvwn‡Z‡Qb| (Avj&nvg`ywjjøvn) Avcwb mwe‡kl AeMZ
Av‡Qb †h, weMZ hy‡M (AvKe‡ii mgq) †h wdZ&bv dvmv` m„wó nBqvwQj,
Dnv wQj `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjg‡ì Kg&eL&wZi dj| GB e¨vcv‡i Avkv GB †h,
Avcwb fvjfv‡e AbymÜvb Kwiqv `xb`vi ÔAvwjgÕ wbe©vP‡bi eë¯ v
Kwi‡eb| Amr ÔAvwjg `x‡bi Rb¨ †Pvi¯îƒc| gvby‡li wbKU nB‡Z
Bh&hvZ, m¤§vb, m`©vix I eyhyM©x nvwmj Kiv nB‡Z‡Q Zvnv‡ì AvšÍwiK
Avkv| Zvnv‡ì wdZ&bv nB‡Z Avjøvn&i wbKU cvbvn PvB| Aek¨ Zvnv‡ì
g‡a¨ hvnviv DËg, Zvnviv nB‡Z‡Qb gvbe‡kÖô| wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvn&i
iv¯Ívq Zvnv‡ì †jLbx‡K knx`M‡Yi i‡³i mwnZ IRb Kiv nB‡e Ges
Zvnv‡ì †jLbxi cvjøv fvix nBqv hvB‡e| gvby‡li g‡a¨ wbK…ó nB‡Z‡Q
wbK…ó ÔAvwjg Ges †kÖô nB‡Z‡Qb DËg Avwjg|Õ166
Dc‡iv³ cÎ¸wji Øviv Bnv mn‡RB AbygwZ †h, nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd
mvbx (it) Zvnvi gyRvwÏ`myjf Amvgvb¨ `yi`wk©Zvi gva¨‡g AwZ mn‡RB
ûKzgv‡Zi MwZ Kzdi, e`-AvKx`v I ixwZ-bxwZ nB‡Z wdivBqv Bmjv‡gi
w`‡K Avbqb K‡ib| wZwb me©cÖ_g ûKzgv‡Zi AwaKvsk Avgxi- Dgivn&‡ì
Bmjv‡ni Rb¨ c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib, c‡i Bnv‡ì gva¨‡g ev`kv‡ni g‡aÏ
cwieZ©b Avwb‡Z mÿg nb|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) GBiƒc miKvix NuvwU weR‡qi ci
Zvnvi `„wó `ywbqv`vi ÔAvwjg I ¸givn m~dx‡ì cÖwZ wbe× K‡ib| Zvnvi
cÖ_g AvNv‡ZB Bnv‡ì A‡bK kw³ †kl nBqv hvq| †Kbbv, ûKzgv‡Zi MwZ
Zvnv‡ì gb-gvbwmKZvi Abyiƒc _vKvq Zvnv‡ì wdZ&bv e„w× cvB‡ZwQj|
Gÿ‡Y, ûKzgv‡Zi aviv e`jvBqv hvIqvi d‡j GB evwZj kw³ØqI `ye©j
nBqv c‡o| GZØ¨ZxZ wZwb Zvnv‡ì ¸gvivnx‡ì weiæ‡× Avjv`vfv‡e
wRnv` †NvlYv K‡ib|
ZrKv‡j Djvgv-B-Qz ev Amr ÔAvwjgMY ¸givnxi `yBwU ØvÕi Lywjqv
ivwLqvwQj| h_vt
1. †hvM¨Zv I Avjøvn&& fxwZ bv _vKv m‡Z¡I BR&wZnv‡ì `vex, KziAvb I
mybœvni g‡a¨ A‡_©i w`K w`qv †ni‡di Kwiqv bZzb ÔAvK¡x`v I aviYvi
Avwe¯‥vi Ges Dnvi †iIqvR I cÖPvi| Aveyj dRj, •dRx I Zvnv‡ì
wcZv kvqL gyeviK me©cÖ_g AvKei‡K GB c‡_ Avbqb K‡ib, hvnvi eY©bv
Av‡MB †Ìqv nBqv‡Q|
2. we`ÕAvZ-B-nvmvbv ev DËg we`ÕAv‡Zi bv‡g kvixqv‡Zi g‡a¨ wbZ¨-
bZzb wRwb‡mi Avg`vbx|
`xb Bmjv‡gi Dci †h mg¯Í AvNvZ Djvgv-B-Qz ev Amr ÔAvwjg‡ì cÿ
nB‡Z AvwmqvwQj, Bnvi AwaKvskB GB `yBwU Øv‡ii gva¨‡g AvMgY K‡i|
GB Rb¨ nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) GB `ywU aŸsmvZ¥K avivi weiæ‡× wjwLZ
50wU gvK&Zze gvIRy` Av‡Q| GLv‡b D`vniY¯îƒc KwZcq gvKZz‡ei Ask
we‡kl D×…Z nBj|
kvqL dix‡ì Kv‡Q wjwLZ GKwU c‡Î G ch©v‡q nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it)
wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔAvnj-B-mybœvn& Iqvj RvgvÕ‡Zi gZvbyhvqx ¯^xq ÔAvKx`v‡K ms‡kvab Kiv,
kvixqv‡Zi ûKzg Avn&Kvg hvnv‡ì Dci cÖ‡hvR¨, Zvnv‡ì Dci cÖ_g
diR| Kv‡RB hvnv‡ì Dci kvixqv‡Zi ûKzg cÖ‡hvR¨, Zvnv‡ì cÖ_g
KZ©e¨ Avnj-B-mybœvn& Iqvj RvgvÕ‡Zi Avwjg‡ì gZvbyhvqx ¯^xq AvKx`v
ms‡kvab Kiv| †Kbbv, GB eyhyM©‡ì wbf©~j gZvejxi Abymi‡Yi DciB
AvwLiv‡Zi bvRvZ ev gyw³ wbf©i K‡i| Zvnviv H `j, hvnviv ivm~jyjøvn
(mvt) I Zuvnvi mvnvexM‡bi ZixKvi Dci cÖwZwôZ| GB eyhyM©MY wKZve I
mybœv‡Zi wbf©ikxj I MÖnY‡hvM¨ ÔBjg&¸wj MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb| †Kbbv, cÖ‡Z¨K
we`ÕAvZx I ¸givn e¨w³ ¯^xq evwZj gZev`‡K wb‡Ri †Lqvj Abyhvqx MÖnY
Kwiqv _v‡K| Kv‡RB Zvnv‡ì AbymiY Kiv AbywPZ|167
nhiZ gyRvwÏ‡ì Ab¨Zg gyix` kvqL Avgvbyjøvn&‡K †jLv GK c‡Î G
e¨vcv‡i wZwb ewj‡Z‡Qb t ÔAvjøvn&& ZvÕAvjv Avcbv‡K mZ¨ wn`vqvZ `vb
Kiæb Ges wmivZzj gy¯ÍvK¡x‡gi Dci my`„p ivLyb| Avcbvi Rvbv DwPZ †h,
ZvivK&Kxi cÖ‡qvRbxq welqe¯‧¸wji g‡a¨ weï× AvKx`v Ab¨Zg| Bnv‡K
mybœvZcš x AvÕwjgMY wKZve I mybœvn Ges mvj&d-B-mv‡jnx‡bi Kvh©vejx
Øviv Dcjwä Kwiqv‡Qb| Avnj-B-mybœvn& Iqvj RvgvÕ‡Zi AwaKvsk ÔAvwjg
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi A_© †hiƒ‡c Kwiqv‡Qb, Dnv MÖnY Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges Dnv
LyeB Riæix| hw` Giƒc g‡b Kiv nq, †h mg¯Í ÔAvwjg †Kvb e¨vcv‡i
Zvnv‡ì jä Ávb Øviv †h A_© MÖnY Kwiqv‡Qb, Zvnv Kvk&d I Bjnv‡gi
wecixZ| GgZve¯ vq Kvk&d I BjnvgcÖvß Ávb bq eis H mg¯Í
ÔAvwjg‡ì gZvgZB MÖnYxqÕ|
cÖ‡Z¨K we`ÕAvZx I ¸givnx e¨w³ AvKx`v¸wj‡K wbR aviYv Abyhvqx Kzivb
I nv`xm kixd nB‡Z evwni Kwiqv _v‡K| e¯‧Z KziAvb gRx‡ì kvb
nB‡Z‡Q t
‫ضل بِِو َرثِ ًريا َىيمَ ْه ِي بِِو َرثِ ًريا‬
ِ‫ي‬
ُ
A_©vr t Bnvi Øviv A‡b‡K ¸givn I A‡b‡K wn`vqvcÖvß nq| (m~iv evKviv)
Avgvi `vex nvKcš x ÔAvwjgM‡Yi ü`q½gK…Z A_©B wbf©i‡hvM¨ Ges Dnvi
wecixZ KvnviI ü`q½gK…Z A_© wbf©i‡hvM¨ b‡n| D³ `vex GB Rb¨ †h,
ÔAvwjgMY GB A_©¸wj‡K mvnvev-B-wKivg I mvjd&-B-mv‡jnx‡bi
dqyhv‡Zi KiæYv nB‡Z nvwmj Kwiqv‡Qb| GBRb¨ wPišÍb bvRvZ I mvdj¨
Zvnv‡ì mwnZB RwoZ Ges cÖK…Zc‡ÿ BnvivB Avjøvn&i `j Ges Avjøvn&i
`jB weRqx|168
Acic‡ÿ, we`ÕAv‡Z nvmvbvi gZev`, hvnvi AšÍiv‡j bvd&‡mi c~Rvix
ÔAvwjgMY ¯^xq bvdmvbx Lv‡nk¸wj‡K a‡g©i Ask wnmv‡e evbvBqv
ivwLqvwQj| nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it)-Gi `„wó‡Z Bnv LyeB
gvivZ¥K I wec`RbK wQj| †mBRb¨ wZwb GB gZev‡ì weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi
nBqv‡Qb Ges wbf©xK wP‡Ë m¤ú~Y© gyRvwÏ`myjf wePv‡i †Kvb we`ÕAvZ
ÔnvmvbvÕ nIqvi ch©vqfz³ bq ewjqv AwfgZ e¨³ Kwiqv‡Qb|
GB m¤ú‡K© wZwb gydwZ LvRv Ave`yi ingvb‡K GKwU c‡Î wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
GB dKxi eoB web‡qi mwnZ Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi wbKU GB `yÕAv K‡i †h,
`x‡bi g‡a¨ †h mg¯Í bZzb welq Avg`vbx Kiv nBqv‡Q, hvnv nhiZ
ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) I Zvnvi LvjxdvM‡Yi (ivt) mgq gvIRy` wQj bv-hwÌ
Dnv Av‡jvÕi b¨vq DlvKvjxb ïåZvi gZ cwi`„ó nq| ZeyI GB dKxi‡K
†hb wZwb Dnv‡Z RwoZ bv K‡ib|
......... Zvnviv ewjqv _v‡K †h, we`ÕAvZ `yB cÖKv‡ii t we`ÕAv‡Z nvmvbv I
we`ÕAv‡Z mvBwqAv| GB dKxi D³ we`ÕAvZØ‡qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡ZB †m․›`h©
I b~ivbxqvZ Ae‡jvKb K‡i bv| eis Bnv‡Z AÜKvi I K`h©Zv e¨ZxZ
wKQzB Abyfe K‡ibv| †Kbbv, mvB‡q`yj evkvi gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mt)
Bikv` Kwiqv‡Qb t Ôhvnviv Avgvi `x‡bi g‡a¨ Giƒc wKQz Avg`vbx K‡i,
hvnv Dnv‡Z bvB, eR©bxqÕ| Kv‡RB hvnv eR©bxq, Dnv‡Z †m․›`h© wK cÖKv‡i
nB‡Z cv‡i? nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn (mt) Av‡iv Bikv` Kwiqv‡Qbt Ô†Zvgiv
wb‡R‡ì‡K bZzb Avg`vbxK…Z welq¸wj nB‡Z iÿv Ki; †Kbbv, cÖ‡Z¨K
bZzb Avg`vbxK…Z e¯‧B we`ÕAvZ Ges cÖ‡Z¨K we`ÕAvZB ¸givnx|
Kv‡RB, hLb cÖ‡Z¨K bZzb Avg`vbxK…Z welqB we`ÕAvZ Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
we`ÕAvZ ¸givnx, GgZve¯ vq we`ÕAv‡Zi g‡a¨ †m․›`‡h©i wK A_©|169
G e¨vcv‡i nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Zvnvi Ab¨Zg gyix` gxi b~Õgv‡bi Kv‡Q
wjwLZ GK c‡Î ewj‡Z‡Qb t Ômybœv‡Zi iIkb Ôbyi‡KÕ we`ÕAv‡Zi AÜKvi
XvwKqv †dwjqv‡Q Ges bZzb Avg`vbxK…Z weqqvw` ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) Gi
`x‡bi †m․›`h©‡K weK…Z Kwiqv †dwjqv‡Q| Bnv nB‡ZI Avð‡h©i e¨vcvi GB
†h, †Kn †Kn GB bZzb Avg`vbxK…Z wRwbm¸wj‡K Ôwe`ÕAv‡Z nvmvbvÕ g‡b
K‡i Ges Bnvi Øviv `x‡bi cwic~iY Kwi‡Z Pv‡n| Zvnviv GB¸wj
cÖwZcvj‡bi Rb¨ †jvKw`M‡K DrmvwnZI K‡i| Avjøvn&& ZvÕqvjv Zvnvw`M‡K
mij c‡_i wn`vqvZ `vb Kiæb| wKš‧ Zvnviv Rv‡b bv †h, `xb-Bmjvg GB
we`ÕAvZ¸wji c~‡e©B cwic~Y©Zv jvf Kwiqv‡Q I c~Y© wbqvgZcÖvß nBqv
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi mš‧ywó nvwmj Kwiqv‡Qb| KziAv‡bi fvlvq t
‫اْل ْت ََل َم ِدينًم‬
ِْ ‫ةت رَ ُك‬ ِ ِ
ُ ُ ‫ت َعةَْة ُك ْ ن ْع َم ِت َىَرض‬
ِ
ُ ‫ت رَ ُك ْ دينَ ُك ْ َىأَْْتَ ْم‬
ُ ‫ارْةَم ْوَم أَ ْر َم ْة‬
A_©vr ÔAvR Avwg `xb‡K †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ cwic~Y© Kwiqv w`jvg Ges ¯^xq
wbqvgvZivwRI †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ c~Y© Kwiqv w`jvg Ges `xb Bmjvg‡K
†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ Kwijvg|Õ
myZivs GB we`ÕAvZ¸wji Øviv `x‡bi cwic~Y©Zv AbymÜvb Kiv cÖK…Z c‡ÿ
D³ AvqvZ kvix‡di gg©‡K A¯^xKvi KivB kvwgjÕ|170
ev`kvn& AvKe‡ii mgq ¸givn mydxMY wQ‡jb gvhnvex wdZbvi Z…Zxq
Drm| nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Bnv‡ì weiæ‡× Zuvnvi wecøex
ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vjb cwiPvwjZ K‡ib| GB mg‡qi AwaKvsk mydx ÔIn&`vZzj
DR~`Õ gZev‡ì Abymvix nIqvq ÔB‡Ënv`Õ ev Avjøvn&i mwnZ GKwÎZ nIqv
Ges ÔnjyjÕ A_©vr ÔAvjøvn&i g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv-GB gZev‡` wek¦vm KwiZ|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Bnv‡ì weiæ‡×I K‡Vvi msMÖvg K‡ib
Ges wbf©xK wP‡Ë GBiƒ‡c ÔAvKx`v †cvlYKvix‡ì gyjwn` I wh›`xK wPwýZ
K‡ib| wZwb GB m¤ú‡K© kvqL Ave`yj ÔAvhxh †R․bcyix‡K GK c‡Î
wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
Ôgyg&wKb‡K (m„ó e¯‧) ÔIqvRxeÕ (Avjøvn&) g‡b Kiv Ges D³ gyg&wK‡bi
Kvh©vejx I ¸Yvejx‡K Avjøvn&&i Kvh©vejx I ¸Yvejx wnmv‡e g‡b Kiv LyeB
†eqv`vex eis Bnv Avjøvn&& ZvÕAvjvi bvg I ¸Yvejx A¯^xKv‡ii kvwgj|Õ
AZtci wZwb D³ c‡Î g~j welqwU Z_v ÔIn&`vZzj DR~`Õ ev ÔGKgvÎ
Avjøvn&&i Aw¯ÍZ¡ we`¨gvbÕ-GB g‡Zi ms‡kvab I Zrmn Dnv‡Z kvqL
gnxDÏxb Bebyj ÔAvivex I Ab¨v‡bï gZvgZ we‡kølY Kwievi ci †k‡li
w`‡K wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔB‡Ënv`Õ (GKwÎZ nIqv) I AvBwbqvZ (ûeû Avjøvn&i gZ nIqv) †Zv
`~‡ii K_v, GB `ywbqvi †Kvb wRwb‡mi mwnZ Avjøvn&i †Kvb mvgÄm¨ bvB|
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv mg¯Í m„wó RMZ nB‡Z AgyLv‡cÿx Ges wZwb Bnv nB‡Z
`~‡i eû `~‡i| Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv‡K m„wó RM‡Zi Abyiƒc I gyËvwn` g‡b Kiv,
Ggb wK Avjøvn&i mwnZ †Kvb wRwbm‡K m¤úwK©Z Kiv GB dKx‡ii wbKU
eoB †e`bv`vqK Ges KóKi| Avmj e¨vcvi nBj, Zvnviv Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv
m¤ú‡K© †h aviYv †cvlY K‡i, Dnv nB‡Z wZwb Aek¨B cvK-cweÎ I
gnvb|171
wZwb G m¤ú‡K© gxi mvBwq` gywneeyjøvn& gvwbKcyix‡K GK c‡Î wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔLei`vi, KLbI m~dx‡ì GBiƒc †eû`v K_vq gy» nB‡e bv Ges †h Avjøvn&
bq, Zvnv‡K Avjøvn& g‡b Kwi‡e bv|Õ172
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) GKw`‡K †hgb GB wec_Mvgx‡ì
†`vlÎæwU cÖKvk Kwiqv w`qv‡Qb Ges Giƒc AvwK`v †cvlYKvix‡ì g~jwn`
I wh›`xK AvL¨vq AvL¨vwqZ Kwiqv‡Qb; Aciw`‡K ÔIn&`vZzj DR~`Õ ev
Ônvgv-D‡¯ÍiÕ gZev` †cvlYKvix eo eo eyhyM© gvkv‡qL‡ì D‡Ïk¨ e¨³
Kwiqv ewjqv‡Qb †h, GBiƒc kã nB‡Z Zvnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ nB‡Z‡Q m„wó
RM‡Z hvnv wKQz we`¨gvb, Dnvi meB Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi Kzìv‡Zi weKvk
gvÎ| A_ev GiƒcI ejv hvB‡Z cv‡i †h, Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi DR~` ev
Aw¯ÍZ¡B Avmj Ges evKx me m„wó RM‡Zi Aw¯ÍZ¡ ÔwRjøxÕ ev Qvqv gvÎ| GB
g‡g© nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) nvwR gynv¤§v` gyÕwg‡bi cyÎ gynv¤§v` mvw`‡Ki
wbKU GK c‡Î wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔgynZvivg mydx‡ì g‡a¨ hvnviv ÔIn`vZzj-DR~‡`Õi gZev‡` wek¦vmx Ges
ÔnvgvÕD¯ÍÕ ev meB wZwb ewjqv _v‡Kb, Bnv nB‡Z Zvnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ GBiƒc
KLbB bq †h, mg¯Í gLjyK mivmwi Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi mwnZ m¤ú„³| Avjøvn&
iÿv Kiæb! eis Zvnviv ÔZvbRxnÕ A_©vr cweÎZvi gviZev nB‡Z wb‡P
bvwgqv ÔZvkexnÕ-mvgm¨ Kivi ¯ v‡b DcbxZ nBqv‡Qb Ges IqvRxe‡K
gyg&wK‡bi A_©vr ¯ªóv‡K m„wói ch©vqfz³ Kwiqv‡Qb| Bnvi meB Kzd&i,
Bjnv` I ¸givnxi AšÍf‚©³| eis Ônvgv-D‡¯ÍiÕ A_© nBj ÔmeB wb¯ÍÕ ev
wKQzB bvB; GKgvÎ Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvB gvIRy`| wZwb eoB gnvb I
cweÎ|173 GZ`m¤ú‡K© nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) gvKm~` Avjx Zveixhxi wbKU
wjwLZ GK c‡Î GBiƒc eY©bv Kwiqv‡Qbt
cÖmsMZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †h, gvbmyi nvjøvR ewjqvwQ‡jb t ÔAvbvj nvKÕ ev
ÔAvwgB mZ¨Õ ev Avjøvn&| nhiZ ev‡qRx` ey¯Ívgx (it) Gi hevb nB‡Z
evwni nBqvwQjt Ômyenvbx gv AvÕRvgv kvbxÕ A_©vr Avwg KZ cweÎ Ges
Avgvi kvb KZ gnvbÕ! Ges wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb t wjIqvqx AvidvÕD wgb
wjIqv‡q gynv¤§v`Õ A_©vr Avgvi cZvKv nhiZ gynv¤§v` (mvt)-Gi cZvKv
nB‡Z D”P| AZtci gyRvwÏ` (it) G m¤ú‡K© e‡jb t
†hBfv‡e evwn¨K kvixqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Bmjvg I Kzdi Av‡Q, Abyiƒcfv‡e
ZixKv‡Zi g‡aÏ Bmjvg I Kzd&i we`¨gvb| kvixqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Kzd&i †hgb
N„Y¨ I cwiZ¨vR¨, †Zgwb ZixK‡Zi g‡aÏ Kzdi LyeB Lvivc Ges Bmjvg
c~Y© cwic°| ÔKzdi ZixKZÕ ejv nq ÔRgÕAvi ev mgš^‡qi gvK¡vg‡K Ges
GB gvK¡v‡g nvK I evwZ‡ji ZviZg¨ DwVqv hvq| †Kbbv, GB gvK¡v‡g
mvwjK [Avjøvn&i c‡_ wePiYKvix] fvjg›ìƒ‡c Avqbv¸wji g‡a¨ GKgvÎ
Zvnvi gvney‡ei ev †cÖgv¯ú‡ì †m․›`h© †`wLqv _v‡K| Kv‡RB mvwjK fvj-
g›` c~Y©Zv I Ac~Y©Zv‡K ZvInx‡ì Qvqv Ges weKvk Qvov Avi wKQzB
Ae‡jvKb K‡i bv| d‡j †m mK‡ji mwnZ mwÜi gvKv‡g _v‡K Ges mK‡j
mZ¨ c‡_ Av‡Q ewjqv g‡b K‡i; KLbI KLbI †m weKvk‡K AvBb g‡b
Kwiqv m„ó e¯‧‡K Avjøvn& g‡b K‡i Ges cÖwZcvj‡Ki cÖwZcvjK g‡b K‡i|
GB cÖKv‡ii dyj ÔRgÕAviÕ ev mswgkÖ‡Yi gvK¡v‡g dzwUqv _v‡K|
ZixKv‡Zi †Kvb gvkv‡qL Avjøvn&i gynveŸv‡Z we‡fvi nBqv gv‡S g‡a¨
GBiƒc kixqZ we‡ivax AmsMZ Dw³ Kwiqv‡Qb| Zuvnvi mK‡jB Kzd‡i
ZixK‡Zi gvK¡v‡g Av‡Qb Ges Bnv Kzd&i I †eZgxhxi gvKvg| wKš‧ †h
mg¯Í eyhyM© cÖK…Z Bmjv‡gi wbqvgvZcÖvß nBqv‡Qb, Zvnviv G ai‡bi
evK¨vjvc nB‡Z cweÎ| Zuvnviv Rvwnix I evwZbxfv‡e bex (Avt)M‡Yi
AbymiY K‡ib Ges Zuvnv‡ìB mnPi nBqv _v‡Kb| Kv‡RB, †h e¨w³ kiv-
we‡ivax K_v e‡j Ges mK‡ji mwnZ †`v¯Íx ivwL‡Z Pv‡n I mK‡j nK c‡_
Av‡Qb ewjqv aviYv K‡i Ges Avjøvn& I m„óe¯‧i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ K‡i bv I
`yB‡qi DRy‡ì wek¦vmx bq, GBiƒc e¨w³ hw` ÔgvKv‡g RgAvÕ ch©šÍ †c․wQqv
_v‡K Ges Kzd&‡i-ZixKZ nvwmj K‡i A_©vr Avjøvn& Qvov mKj‡K fzwjqv
hvIqvi gvKvg nvwmj K‡i Z‡e, GBiƒc e¨w³ Avjøvn&i wbKU gvKe~j|
GgZve¯ vq Zvnvi †eûuk Ae¯ vq AmsMZ Dw³¸wji evwn¨K A_© MÖnY bv
Kwiqv kvixqvZ msMZ A_© Kwi‡Z nB‡e| †hgb, ÔAvbvj nvKÕ-Gi A_©
nB‡Z‡Q-ÔAvwg gvIRy` bwn eis GKgvÎ nvKB gvIRy`|Õ
hw` †Kn GBiƒc nvj (Ae¯ v) nvwm‡ji c~‡e© Ges Kvgvwjqv‡Zi (c~Y©Zvi)
cÖ_g av‡c †c․Qv‡bv e¨wZ‡i‡K GB ai‡Yi AmsMZ K_v e‡j Ges mKj‡K
mZ¨ c‡_i Dci ewjqv wek¦vm K‡i I nvK-evwZ‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ bv K‡i
Z‡e GBiƒc e¨w³ wh›`xK I gyjwn`| kvixqvZ‡K evwZj KivB Bnvi
D‡Ïk¨| we‡k¦i ivngvZ¯îƒc bvex (Avt) M‡Yi `vIqvZ‡K wgUvBqv †ÌqvB
Zvnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨|
Kv‡RB G †kÖYxi kivi †Ljvd Dw³¸wj nvKcš x I evwZjcš x-Dfq †kÖYxi
e¨w³ nB‡ZB cÖKvk nBqv _v‡K| nvKcš x‡ì Rb¨ Bnv Ave-B-nvqZ Ges
evwZjcš x‡ì Rb¨ Bnv aŸsmvZ¥K wel m`„k| †hgb, bxj `wiqvi cvwb
ebx-BmivB‡ji Rb¨ mygayi wQj; wKš‧ wKeZx‡ì Rb¨ Dnv wQj i³ m`„k|
GB gvKv‡g AwaKvsk mvwj‡Ki c`öjb nq| A‡bK gymjgvb ÔAviev‡e
ïK&iÕ ev †eûk Ae¯ v cÖvßM‡Yi Dw³¸wj AbymiY Kwiqv mr c_ nB‡Z
wePz¨Z nBqv ¸givn nBqv hvq Ges ¯^xq `xb‡K eiev` K‡i| Bnviv Rv‡b bv
†h, GB †kÖYxi Dw³¸wj Kve~j nIqv KwZcq k‡Z©i mwnZ m¤ú„³, hvnv
†eûkx Ae¯ v cÖvßM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIRy` Av‡Q wKš‧ Bnv‡ì g‡a¨ Zvnv bvB|
GB kZ©¸wji g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g nB‡Z‡Q, Avjøvn& Qvov Avi me wKQz‡K fzwjqv
hvIqv Ges BnvB Kve~j nIqvi gvKvg| nvKcš xMY ïK&i I g¯Íx Ges
†eZ&gxhx nIqv m‡Ë¡I mvgvb¨ cwigvYI kiv-we‡ivax KvR K‡ib bv| gvbm~i
nvjøvR ÔAvbvj nvKÕ Dw³ Kiv m‡Ë¡I †RjLvbvq k„•Ljve× Ae¯ vq cÖwZ
iv‡Z cuvP kZ ivKvqvZ bdj mvjvZ Av`vq Kwi‡Zb Ges Rvwjg‡ì cÖ`Ë
nvjvj Lv`Ï MÖnY Kwi‡Zb bv| cÿvšÍ‡i evwZjcš x‡ì Rb¨ kvixqvZ
cvjb †hb †Kv‡nKvd ev K‡Kmvm ce©‡Zi fvi m`„k|174
D‡jøwLZ eyhyM© IjxMY KZ©„K Avjøvn&i gynveŸv‡Zi †Rv‡k ïK&i ev †eûukx I
Mvjev‡q nvj ev nv‡ji AvwZkhëkZ ewY©Z Dw³¸wj Øviv AvKeix Avg‡ji
¸givn-ZixKZcšx MY cÖgvY Kwi‡Z †Póv KwiZ †h, ÔkvixqvZ AvIi nvq,
ZixKZ AvIiÕ A_©vr kvixqvZ I ZixKZ `yBwU ¯^Zš¿ wRwbm|Õ
ZixKZcš xM‡Yi †Kvb †Kvb mgq wiqvhvZ (mvabv) KivKvjxb wewPÎ I
Avðh© ai‡bi Kvk&d ev we‡kl `k©b jvf nBqv _v‡K| †Kn †Kn Bnv‡Z
wb‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ c~Y© nBqv‡Q ewjqv g‡b Kwiqv Bnv‡KB Avjøvn& cÖvwßi †kl
avc g‡b KwiZ| GB †kÖYxi †avKvevR †e-kiv dKxi‡K mvaviY †jvK
cx‡ii gh©v`vq mgvmxb KivBZ| Bnv‡ì Øviv †Kej mvaviY bq eis A‡bK
†ÿ‡Î mwZ¨Kvi fvj †jvKI ¸givn nBZ|
nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) ÔIqvn&`vZzj DRy`Õ gZev`x‡ì GB
†kÖYxi k‡ãi Ab¨ m~² we‡kølbI Kwiqv‡Qb| bgybv¯îƒc wb‡¤œ GKwU
gvKZ‚‡ei Ask we‡kl †ck Kiv nBj|
G m¤ú‡K© kvBL m~dx‡K wjwLZ GK gvKZ‚‡e nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd
mvbx (it) ewj‡Z‡Qb t ÔKwZcq mydx-B-wKivg nB‡Z gynveŸv‡Zi
AvwZkhëkZ GB ai‡bi Dw³ cÖKvk cvBqv‡Q| †Kbbv gynveŸv‡Zi cÖfve
†cÖwg‡Ki `„wó nB‡Z †cÖgv¯ú` e¨ZxZ Avi me wKQz‡KB wejxb Kwiqv †`q
Ges †cÖwgK ¯^xq †cÖgv¯ú` e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kvnv‡KI wbixÿY K‡i bv| Bnvi
A_© GB bq †h, ev¯ÍweKc‡ÿ †cÖgv¯ú` e¨ZxZ Avi †KnB _v‡K bv|
†Kbbv, Bnv ev¯Íe Ávb I kiv-we‡ivax e¨vcviÕ|175
†gvU K_v nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Gi w`‡K ÔIqvn&`vZzj DRy`Õ
ev Ônvgv-D¯ÍÕ gZev` †cvlYKvix eyhyM©M‡Yi Dw³¸wji D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
Kwiqv‡Qb Ges Ab¨w`‡K Dnvi H mg¯Í Lvivex I wh›`xKmyjf gZev`‡K
cwi¯‥vifv‡e Bjnv` I Kzd&i ewjqv eY©bv Kwiqv‡Qb|
GB †kÖYxi Z_vKw_Z ¸givn& mydx‡ì GKwU evwZj ÔAvK¡x`v BnvI wQj †h,
gvÕwidvZ nvwmj bv nIqv ch©šÍ Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi Bev`Z Riæix| gvÕwidvZ
nvwmj nB‡j Avi kvixqv‡Zi ûKzg-AvnKvg cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb bvB| G
m¤ú‡K© nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) kvBL e`xDÏxb‡K GK c‡Î wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔA‡bK gyL© I m~dx bvgavix gyjwn‡ì aviYv GB †h, GKgvÎ Lvm Lvm
†jvKMY Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi gvÕwidvZ nvwmj Kwievi Rb¨ Avw`ó| Zvnv‡ì
e³e¨ nBj, kvixqvZ cÖwZcvj‡bi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ nBj gvÕwidvZ nvwmj
Kiv| gvÕwidvZ nvwmj nB‡j Avi kvixqvZ cÖwZcvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
Zvnviv Zvnv‡ì `vexi mg_©‡b KziAvb gvRx‡ì GB AvqvZ †ck Kwiqv
_v‡K t
‫ي‬ ِ ‫ىاعب ْ ربَّك ح َّّت يأْتِة‬
ُ ‫ك ارْةَق‬
َ َ َ َ َ َ ُْ َ
A_©vr ÔZzwg †Zvgvi i‡ei Bev`Z Ki, hZÿY bv †Zvgvi BqvK¡xb ev `„p
cÖZ¨q nq| [cviv 30, m~iv wnRi]
cÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e Bnvi Øviv Zvnviv GB wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nq †h, Bev`v‡Zi †kl
mxgv gvÕwidvZ nvwm‡ji Dci b¨v¯Í| Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv Bnv‡ì Ac`¯  Kiæb,
†Kbbv Bnviv AwZ eo Rvwnj| AvwidM‡Yi Rb¨ †h cwigvY Bev`v‡Zi
cÖ‡qvRb, cÖvi¤¢Kvix‡ì Rb¨ Bnvi GK`kgvskI cÖ‡qvRb bvB|176
Abyiƒcfv‡e GB mg¯Í fÛ-m~dxi aviYv wQj †h, evwZb `~i¯Í nB‡jB me©
D‡Ïk¨ mdj nq| Kv‡RB mvjvZ, wmqvg BZ¨vw` Rvwnix Avgj¸wj Avjøvn&
Iqvjv‡ì Rb¨ Avek¨K| nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Bnv‡ì m¤ú‡K© ewjqv‡Qb t
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mewKQz nB‡Z `xj k~b¨ nIqv Ges kixqZ
KZ…©K Avw`ó kvixwiK †bK Avgj¸wj m¤úv`b e¨ZxZ AvwZ¥K wbivcËv `vex
wbQK wg_¨v, †hgb GB `ywbqvi kixi e¨ZxZ iƒ‡ni Aw¯ÍZ¡ Am¤¢e I
aviYvZxZ| eZ©gvb hy‡M A‡bK gyjnx` GB ai‡bi `vex Kwiqv _v‡K|
Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv Zuvnvi nvexe ivm~jyjøvn (mvt) Gi †Zvdv‡q‡j GB mg¯Í
evwZj ÔAvKx`v nB‡Z Avgv‡ì wndvhvZ Kiæb|177
GB m¤ú‡K© nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) d‡Zn Lvb AvdMvbx‡K wjwLZ GK c‡Î
ewjqv‡Qb t Ô†h e¨w³ Rvwni‡K cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv †Kej evwZb‡K `yi¯Í
Kwi‡Z Pvq, †m gyjwn` ev Kvwdi| Zvnvi †Kvb evwZbx nvj nvwmj nB‡j
Dnv Zvnvi Rb¨ ÔBmwZìvRÕ ev †fwéevRx gvÎ| evwZbx nv‡ji weï×Zv I
Kveyjxqv‡Zi wPý nB‡Z‡Q Rvwnixfv‡e kvixqv‡Zi weavb¸wj Øviv mymw¾Z
nIqv Õ|178
A‡bK Rvwnj I AÜ m~dx mybœvZ I kvixqv‡Zi ZixKv nB‡Z wewQbœ nBqv
wiqvhvZ ev K‡Vvi mvabv K‡i Ges GB KvR‡K Zvnviv Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi
mwnZ wgwjZ nBevi Rb¨ Imxjv¯îƒc g‡b K‡i| eZ©gv‡bI GBiƒc eû m~dx
`„wó‡MvPi nq| nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) Bnv‡ì m¤ú‡K© wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
ÔmybœvZ ZixKv nB‡Z wew”Qbœ nBqv †jvKMY †h mg¯Í wiqvhvZ I gyRvnv`v
K‡i, Bnvi †Kvb g~j¨ I ¸iæZ¡ bvB| MÖxK †`kxq `vk©wbK I wn›`y¯ v‡bi
eªvÿY I gywb-FwlMY GBiƒc a¨vb-aviYv Kwiqv _v‡K; wKš‧ Bnvi Øviv
Zvnv‡ì GKgvÎ †jvKmvb I ÿwZ e¨ZxZ Avi wKQzB jvf nq bv Õ|179
djK_v, Bjg-B-ZvmvDd m¤úwK©Z GB RvZxq Bmjvn QvovI nhiZ
gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) `xb m¤úKx©q eû e¨vcv‡i Bmjvn K‡ib| Bnv
AZxe mZ¨ †h, nvRvi erm‡ii AveR©bv I cvc-cw¼jZv‡K wZwb `~‡i
wb‡ÿc Kwiqv `xb-Bmjvg‡K bZzbfv‡e `ywbqvi m¤§y‡L cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|
Avi GB Rb¨B wZwb ÔgyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx, †LZv‡e f‚wlZ nb|
GB MÖ‡š i Dcmsnv‡i nhiZ gyRvwÏ` (it) KZ…©K LvRv kid‚Ïxb ûmvqbx‡K
wjwLZ GKwU gvK&Z‚‡ei mswÿß Abyev` †ck Kiv nBj; hvnv‡Z Zuvnvi
ZvR`x`x-wh‡›`Mxi g~j m~i SsK…Z nBqv‡Q| wZwb wjwL‡Z‡Qb t
Ômg¯Í cÖksmv Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjvi Rb¨ Ges Zuvnvi g‡bvbxZ ev›`v‡ì cÖwZ
mvjvg| wcÖq erm! Aemi AwZ Aí| Bnv we‡kl Riæix †h, †hb Avjøvn&
ZvÕAvjv cÖ`Ë Avq~‡K †eû`v Kv‡R bó bv Kiv nq eis c~Y© Rxeb †hb
Zuvnvi mš‧ywói Rb¨ e¨q nq| kvixqv‡Zi ûKzg-Avn&Kvg cvjb c~e©K
GKvMÖZv mnKv‡i RvgvÕ‡Zi mwnZ cuvP Iqv³ mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv ìKvi|
Zvnv¾y‡ì mvjvZ †hb cwiZ¨vM bv nq Ges cÖvZtKvjxb ZIev‡K †hb
cwiZ¨vM bv Kiv nq| Li‡Mv‡mi wb`ªvq Awff‚Z nBI bv Ges bk¦i `ywbqvi
†fvM-wejv‡m wbgw¾Z nBI bv| g„Zz¨‡K ¯§i‡Y ivwL‡e Ges AvwLiv‡Zi
fxwZ-wenŸj Ae¯ v‡K me mgq m¤§y‡L ivwL‡e| †gvUK_v, `ywbqv nB‡Z c„ô-
cÖ`k©b c~e©K AvwLiv‡Zi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e g‡bvwb‡ek Kwi‡e| cÖ‡qvRbgZ
`ywbqvi mwnZ m¤úK© ivwLqv Aewkó mgq AvwLiv‡Zi Kv‡R wb‡R‡K
wb‡qvwRZ ivwL‡e| mviK_v GB †h, Avjøvn& ZvÕAvjv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ e¯‧i
AvKl©Y nB‡Z `xj‡K gy³ ivwL‡e Ges Rvwni‡K kvixqv‡Zi weavb Øviv
mymw¾Z ivwL‡eb| BnvB cÖK…Z KvR, evKx meB A_©nxb|180
Bgv‡g iveŸvbx nhiZ gyRvwÏ`-B-Avjwd mvbx (it) Gi wecøex ms¯‥vi
Av‡›`vj‡bi BnvB mswÿß iƒc‡iLv I g~jK_v|
mgvß
‫‪`xb-B-Bjvnx I gyRvwÏ-B-Avj‡d mvbx (i)  73‬‬
‫‪cÖgvYcÄx‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Smith, V. A. Akbar the Great Mughal. pp. 10-11‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Majumder. R. C. An Advanced History of India. P. 438‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Smith, Op. Cit, P. 22‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪Ibid, P. 44, Elliot and Dowson, Vol. V,p. 264‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫امي ا رزى‪ -‬ى ت اقة ‪ ،‬ىرق ب ‪ -535‬انذيم آفس الئخينى رن ن‪ ،‬اي ه ‪724‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ظهري ار يا بمبن‪ -‬تزك يمبنى‪ -‬ص ‪ 6‬مببش تن ‪130‬ىم‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫رةض تن ىن ى‪ -‬ارخ نممو‪ -‬جة ‪ 1‬ص ‪ -87‬بنئش مةوزمي رن ن‪ ،‬اىر ئنثل ‪169‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪Abdul Ghani, Dr. A History of Persian Language and Literature at the‬‬
‫‪Mughal Court, 1930 A. D. Ilahabad. Vol. I. P. 7‬‬
‫نور ار يا جهمنكري‪ -‬تزل جهمنكنى‪ -‬ص ‪ -112‬عة رنه تن ‪1864‬ىم ‪9.‬‬
‫حمم حسي آزاد‪ -‬دربمر ارخى‪ -‬ص ‪ -747‬الىور‪ -‬تن ‪1947‬ىم ‪10.‬‬
‫ص ‪ 462‬ارف‪ -‬انذيم آفس الئخبنى رن ن‪ -‬ايشه ‪11. 114‬‬ ‫نظمم ار يا ا ‪ -‬تمريخ ار‬
‫عب ارقمدر ب ايوىن‪ -‬من خب ار واريخ جة ‪ 2‬ص ‪ ،171‬رةك و‪1865 ،‬ع ‪12.‬‬
‫رةول رام‪ -‬تذرنة االمنأ ص ‪( 112‬ارف)‪ ،‬بنئش مةوزمي رن ن‪ ،‬أي يشنل ‪13. 167 ،3‬‬
‫شمىنواز فمن ممشن االمناء ‪ ،3‬ص ‪ ،252‬رةك و‪1888 ،‬ع ‪14.‬‬
‫شبة نعممىن‪ -‬شعن ارعج ‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،3‬ص ‪ ،40‬ظ ن بكذيو‪ ،‬الىور ‪15.‬‬
‫شمىنواز فمن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪16. 561‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ 2‬ص ‪17. 227‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪18. 31 ،251 ،239‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪19. 29‬‬
‫‪20.‬‬ ‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪31‬‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫‪Ishwari Prosad, A Short History of Muslim Rule in India, P. 289‬‬
‫‪22.‬‬ ‫‪Majumder, op. cit. P. 458‬‬
‫‪23.‬‬ ‫‪†K. Avjx. evsjv‡`k I cvK-fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡ì BwZnvm, c„t 64-65, Avjx cvewj‡Kkb,‬‬
‫|‪XvKv, 1976 Bs‡iRx‬‬
‫‪24.‬‬ ‫‪G. †K. Gg. Ave`yj Avwjg, fvi‡Z gymwjg ivR‡Z¡i BwZnvm, c„t 261 evsjv GKv‡Wgx,‬‬
‫|‪XvKv 1973 Bs‡iRx‬‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫‪Bev`vZLvbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Lei I Av‡jvPbv, `ªóe¨ t ZeKvZ-B-AvKeix, Elliot, 5g‬‬
‫|‪LÛ c„t 90-91‬‬
‫‪26.‬‬ ‫|‪Ave`yj Avwjg, c~‡e©v³, c„t 262‬‬
‫‪27.‬‬ ‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪2 ،2 ،200‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪28. 331‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪29. 255‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪30. 278 ،259‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،259 ،200‬رنف مر زن ان تقةة ‪31.‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪32. 347 ،336 ،314 ،309 ،301 ،221‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪33. 212‬‬
‫حضنت جم د ارف ثمىن رح‪ ،‬مك وبمت اممم ربمىن‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬مك وب منخ ‪ ،33‬ركهنؤ‪ ،‬تن ‪1877‬ع ‪34.‬‬
‫""عةممء تؤرصوص ديا ان ‪ ،‬مطةب ايشمن حب جمه ىريمتت ىمنزات نزد فةق اتت‬
‫"حج د ارف ثمىن رح‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،5‬مك وب ‪" 53‬در قنن تمبق اف َلف عةممء عممل رادر بمال انذافت ‪35.‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪36. 258‬‬
‫شةخ عب احلق حم ث‪ ،‬افبمر االفةمر‪ ،‬ص ‪ 245-42‬دىة ‪5332 ،‬ىم ‪37.‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪38. 259 ،258‬‬
‫جمم د ارممف ثمممىن رح‪ ،‬ايضممم‪ ،‬جة م ‪ ،5‬نك مموب ‪" 47‬ارثممن جهَلئم منممو منمممم ايمما زممنممو حك م عةممممء تممؤدارن ‪39. ،‬‬
‫"فسمد ايا ىم را م ع ى اتت‬
‫‪40. Tarachand, Dr. The influence of Islam on Indian Culture, P. 57‬‬
‫افون در يوزه‪ ،‬ارشمد ارطمربي‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،299‬دىة ‪588 ،‬ع ‪41.‬‬
‫افون در يوزه‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪42. 571‬‬
‫حمم اتة ‪ ،‬ديا اهل اىر اس رميس منظن ص ‪ ،556‬ن ىة املصن ي الىور‪5969 ،‬ع ‪43.‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪44. 269 ،257 ،252‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪45. 326‬‬
‫ابو ار ضل ائي اركخى‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،5‬ص ‪ ،349‬ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪46. 376‬‬
‫ابو ار صل (ديبمجو از مهمهبمرت) ص ‪ ،53‬ركهنؤ‪ ،‬مطبع نو ركشور ‪47.‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪" 298‬ارن رمؤ نزد ف ا تعمىل معظ بنودى در اىل قنأىن جنا آم مذرور ش ى؟ ‪48.‬‬
‫شةخ عب احلق حم ث‪ ،‬اشع ارةمعمت‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،36‬ركهنؤ‪1302 ،‬ىم ‪49.‬‬
‫شمه ىىل اهلل دىةوى‪ ،‬ان مس ارعمرفي‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،154‬دىة ‪1898‬ع ‪50.‬‬
‫ابول ار ضل‪ ،‬آيئا ارخى‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬ص ‪ ،184‬ب ايوىن ايضم ‪51. 326‬‬
‫رةول رام‪ -‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،2 ،131‬ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪52. 341‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضمم ص ‪53. 328‬‬
‫حمبت با فةض افبمر حمبت‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،89‬بنئش مةوزمي رن ن‪ ،‬اىرئنثل ‪ .2 1714‬ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪54. 338 ،‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪55. 391 ،363 ،359 ،274‬‬
‫‪56.‬‬ ‫جمم د ارممف ثمممىن‪ ،‬ايضممم‪ ،‬جةم ‪ ،5‬مك مموب ‪ 595‬تممنىن رممو اعظم بممَلد اتممَلم اتممت جنم تمممل اتممت رممو قمش م‬
‫ن ارد‬
‫‪57.‬‬ ‫جم د ارف ثمىن‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،5‬مك وب ‪" 92‬رو ر مر ىن ب خمش ى م مسمج مم منمينم ىدر آ مم تعمريمعمم بم ىمئ‬
‫فممود مةسممم زئم ه در منةسممن درىن حمموض رممنى رهةممت مسممج ى بممود ىمقممخه عزيممزى‪ ،‬ان ىمممى ر مممربن مممَل اتم ر ممن‬
‫راىم م رممن ىمممئ آن ديممنه رممَلن راس تمممف و اتممت زنةممز ىممى مم آرنم ىمسممةممنمن در اجممن أئم ارثممن احكمممم اتممَلم‬
‫‪.‬عمجزن‬
‫جم د ارف ثمىن رح‪ ،‬ايضم‪58. ،‬‬
‫جم د ارف ثمىن رح‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جةج ‪ ،5‬مك وب ‪" 65‬غنيب اتمَلم تمدم ى رتمة ه اتمت رمو ر ممر بمن مَل عما اتمَلم ‪59.‬‬
‫ىذم مسمةممنمن مم منمميننم ىا ممش اجنائم احكممم ر ممن ى مم اح اىمل آن در روجمو ى بممزار مم رننم مسممةمنمن‬
‫‪.‬از اجنائ احكمم اتَلم ممنوع ان ىدر اتةمن شنائع منذموم ىمطعون ىاحسننم ىان ام م ى اىيَل‬
‫|‪60. AvKe‡ii kvmbvg‡j‬‬
‫|‪61. gymwjg ev`kvn& kvwmZ wn›`y¯ v‡b‬‬
‫جم د ارف ثمىن رح‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جةج ‪ ،5‬مك وب ‪" 47‬در قنن تمبق ر مر بن مَل بطنيق ات ةَلء اجناء احكمم ر ن در ‪62.‬‬
‫دار اتَلم مةكن دن ىمسةممنمن از اظهمر اتَلم عز بودن ارن مةكن دن ‪ ،‬بق ل م رتة ن ‪ ،‬ىاىيَل ىامصةبم ى‬
‫احسنتم‪.‬‬
‫جم د ارف ثمىن رح‪ ،‬ايضم مك وب ‪" 81‬ذبح بقن در ىن ت من از اعظ شعمر اتَلم اتت‪ ،‬ر مر ىزيو دادن شمي ‪63.‬‬
‫راض شون ‪ ،‬مم بزيح بقنه ىن رز راض خنوا ىن ش ‪.‬‬
‫‪64.‬‬ ‫‪Sree Istawa, Dr. A.L. Akbar the Great, Vol. I.P 262‬‬
‫‪65.‬‬ ‫‪ISHWARI Prasad, op. cit. P. 292‬‬
‫‪66.‬‬ ‫‪(i) ISHWARI Prasad, op. cit. p. 293, (ii) Sree Istawa, op. cit. p.248‬‬
‫‪67.‬‬ ‫ابو ار ضل‪ ،‬مهمهبمرت ديبمجو‪ ،‬ص ‪25‬‬
‫ب ايوىن ايضم جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪68. 261‬‬
‫ابو ار ضل‪ ،‬آئي ارخى‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬ص ‪69. 47‬‬
‫ابو ار ضل ايضم ص ‪70. 303‬‬
‫ب ايوىن ايضم جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪71. 341 ،261‬‬
‫‪72.‬‬ ‫ابو ار ضل‪ ،‬أئي ارخى‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬ص ‪350‬‬
‫‪73.‬‬ ‫‪Sree Istawa, op. cit, P. 250‬‬
‫‪74.‬‬ ‫‪Ishwari Prasad, op. cit. P. 301‬‬
‫‪75.‬‬ ‫‪Edward Mekligong. The Jesuits and the Great Mughal. PP. 25-26‬‬
‫‪76.‬‬ ‫‪Eduond Mekligonj op. cit, p, 48 (ii) Ishwari PRASAD, op. cit. P. 303‬‬
‫‪77.‬‬ ‫حمم ةل‪ ،‬نقوش الىور منخ ص ‪ ،683‬الىور‪1962 ،‬ع‬
‫‪78.‬‬ ‫‪Dojerok, Akbar and the jesuits. pp. 11-23‬‬
‫‪79.‬‬ ‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ 2‬من ح ‪26 .‬‬
‫‪80.‬‬ ‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪203‬‬
‫‪81.‬‬ ‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪314 ،263‬‬
‫‪82.‬‬ ‫‪Smith, Akbar the Great Mughol. p. 155‬‬
‫‪83.‬‬ ‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪262‬‬
‫فواجو عبة اهلل‪ ،‬مبةغ ارنجمل‪ ،‬ص ‪( 32‬ارف) ‪84.‬‬
‫اتكن ر منش ‪ ،‬تمريخ عممل آراى عبمس‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪85. 325‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪86. 335‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪87. 379 ،205‬‬
‫اتكن ر منش ‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪88. 335‬‬
‫فواجو عبة اهلل‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪( 25‬ب) ‪89.‬‬
‫ايضم‪90. ،‬‬
‫ايضم‪91. ،‬‬
‫ايضم‪92. ،‬‬
‫حمسا فمىن‪ ،‬دابس من مذاىب‪ ،‬ص ‪93. 301‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪94. 302‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪95. 307‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪96. 306‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪97. 308‬‬
‫‪98. Dr. Ishwari Prosad, A Short History of Muslim Rule in India. 418‬‬
‫‪99. Smith, op, cit. P. 348‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪100. 273‬‬
‫ابو ار ضل‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪101. 5‬‬
‫ابو ار ضل‪ ،‬ارخ نممو‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪102. 314‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،3‬ص ‪103. 358‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪104. 315‬‬
‫ابصم‪ ،‬ص ‪105. 322‬‬
‫فواجو عبة اهلل‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪106. 25‬‬
‫رفةع ار يا شريازى‪ ،‬تذرنة املةوك ‪ :‬ص ‪107. 231‬‬
‫شةخ ا ‪ ،‬مك وبمت اممم ربمىن‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬مك وب ‪108. 93‬‬
‫ابو ار ضل ىقعمت ابو ار ضل‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬ص ‪109. 26‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪110. 639‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪111. 307‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪112. 211‬‬
‫جهمنكري‪ ،‬ممئن االمناء‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪113. 217‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪114. 316‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪115. 317 ،308‬‬
‫فواجو عبة اهلل‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪ ،25‬ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪116. 200‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪117. 305‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪119. 301‬‬
‫حمبت ابا فةض‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪120. 89‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪121. 338‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪122. 306‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪123. 303‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬ص ‪125. 192‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪126. 291‬‬
‫حمبت ابا فةض‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪128. 89‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪129. 376‬‬
‫ب ايوىن‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬ص ‪131. 391‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪132. 357 ،356‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬ص ‪133. 314‬‬
‫شةخ ا ‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬مك وب منخ ‪134. 46‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬مك وب منخ ‪135. 81‬‬
‫‪136. Sir Wolesly Haig, Cambridge History of India, vol. IV. p. 126‬‬
‫‪137. Smith, op, cit. P. 185‬‬
‫‪138. Dr. Ishwari Prosad, op, cit. P. 382‬‬
‫تة حمم مةمن‪ ،‬عةممء ىن رم شمن را ممض ‪ ،‬ص ‪139. 121‬‬
‫جهمنكري‪ ،‬تزىك جهمنكري‪ ،‬ص ‪140. 151‬‬
‫تمريخ فنش و‪ ،‬جة ‪141. 3‬‬
‫حضنات ارق س‪ ،‬ص ‪142. 117‬‬
‫شةخ ا ‪ ،‬ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،1‬مك وب منخ ‪143. 198‬‬
‫ايضم‪ ،‬جة ‪ ،2‬مك وب منخ ‪144. 6‬‬
‫شمه ىىل اهلل‪ ،‬شةح رتمرو ‪145.‬‬
‫ايضم‪146. ،‬‬
‫ابو اركَلم آزاد‪ ،‬تذرنه ‪147.‬‬
‫فواجو يمق بمهلل‪ ،‬مك وبمت فواجو بمق بمهلل رح ‪148.‬‬
‫تة حمم مةمن‪ ،‬ايضم ‪149.‬‬
‫موالنم منظور نعممىن‪ ،‬تذرنه جم د ارف ثمىن رح ص‪150. 143 -‬‬
‫موالنم تة ابو احلسا عة ن ىى‪ ،‬تمريخ دعوت ىعزمت‪ ،‬جة ‪ 4‬ص ‪151. 87‬‬
‫تةخ ا ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪152. 47‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪153. 65‬‬
‫ايضم مك وب منخ ‪154. 81‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 2‬مك وب منخ ‪156. 67‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪157. 67‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 3‬مك وب منخ ‪159. 54‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪160. 47‬‬
‫موالنم تة ابو احلسا عة ن ىى ايضم جة ‪ 4‬ص ‪164. 313‬‬
‫تةخ ا ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪165. 53‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 2‬مك وب منخ ‪170. 261‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 2‬مك وب منخ ‪171. 1‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪172. 272‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 2‬مك وب منخ ‪173. 44‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪175. 31‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 2‬مك وب منخ ‪178. 78‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 1‬مك وب منخ ‪179. 221‬‬
‫ايضم جة ‪ 2‬مك وب منخ ‪180. 31‬‬

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Wt Av. d. g. Avey eKi wmÏxK

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DEEN-I-ELAHI O MUZADDID-I-ALFE SANI (R.): by Dr. A. F. M.

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