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Final term exam:

Survey the timeline of art history and compare the earliest forms of art (2,000,000BC) to the
current aesthetic production (2000AD) using Freefall and the British Museum digital archives.
Comparison should focus within the form (appearance) and the effect (emotive) of these
artworks to you in the appreciation process. You can also cite other artworks from these archives
for further examples.

Answers:

a. Primitive Period (Paleolithic Age)

Paleolithic which means Stone Age, is the duration in historic human history
characterized by way of the improvement of stone tools. The oldest art work to have existed are
authentication of human skill that archaeologists failed to well known when they first determined
lifelike representations of animals belonging to the Stone Age. An example is the Altamira cave
artwork in Spain.

Upon in addition discovery of stone-age tools list made out of stones and bones, it was
reaffirmed that snap shots of bison and different animals on the cave walls perhaps attacked by
way of the creators themselves who believed that the act would convey them a desirable fortune
to seize their prey eventually. This looks pretty logical due to the reality that even today, there
are tribes who have preserved their ancient customs such as gala's in which they costume up as
animals and dance. Similarly, the Romans believed that Romulus and Remus had been
introduced up by a she-wolf, and until the present day, they have a bronze she-wolf on the sacred
capital in Rome.

Small, portable clay figurines and bone and ivory carvings were typical of this period.
The works include simple but realistic stone and clay animal figurines, as well as carved stone
statuettes of women, the most iconic piece being the “Venus of Willendorf” that’s a raw portrait,
an idealization of the female figure with exaggerated features such as her Vulva, breasts and the
belly, all these depicting fertility.
b. Mesolithic Age

Art from this period is one of a kind of the shift to a warmer climate and acclimatization
to a surprisingly sedentary lifestyle, populace size, and consumption of plants. The works
comprised of small painted figures of people and animals, the most superior and widespread ones
surviving from this duration in Europe and maybe worldwide. The human figure is a routine
theme in painted scenes. Hunting scenes are the most common, additionally scenes of battles and
enjoyment such as dance things to do and possibly agricultural chores. In some scenes gathering
honey is shown, most famously at Cuevas de la Araña en Bicorp, an 8000-year-old cave portray
close to Valencia, Spain.

c. Medieval Period

Early Medieval art is a bizarre and fragmented concept. As Constantinople developed its formal
Byzantine styles, some thing wilder used to be occurring in Europe. Spanning seven-hundred
years and encompassing the dark ages, the upward shove and fall of the Frankish Empire, and the
nearly whole takeover of Western art by means of the Christian church, it’s feasible to divide
Early Medieval art into many regional sub-movements. Migration art describes the work of the
Gauls and Visigoths who settled in the fragments of the Roman empire, Insular artwork grew in
Britain and Ireland after the Roman occupation ended, and Carolingian artwork delivered a
revival of classical patterns that developed into the vigourous illumination and structure of the
Romanesque style.

But for our purposes we appear at Early Medieval as a whole, because it traces again to a
frequent theme. In the political upheaval after the fall of Rome, society needed an anchor, and it
landed on the swiftly growing Christian church. Throughout Europe, Christianity was once able
to move political boundaries and received a big foothold. Churches sprang up as cultural centers,
and between 430 and 570 Christian clerics delivered the Rule of St. Augustine to Europe,
organising a monastic class devoted to education, art, and public service.

By a thousand CE, the Christian church was once a hub for science, art and culture.
Monks and nuns taught lay human beings how to study and write and preserved historic
literature, inclusive of works through Ovid and Aristotle. 11th century abbess Hildegard of
Bingen wrote scientific texts and composed music, and abbess Herrad of Landsberg compiled the
first female-authored encyclopedia, which includes Islamic writings alongside the Greek classics.

d. Renaissance Period

Renaissance, a huge cultural movement that swept through Europe, and evolved
extraordinarily in France, Spain and Northern Europe. For the first time in centuries, art used to
be partly divorced from the church, and while non secular commissions continued, artists and
writers started out to seem lower back to classical antiquity. Wealthy buyers had been
immortalized in lavish portraits, and works like Botticelli's Birth of Venus sparked a renewed
interests in Greek and Roman mythology and values.

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