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  • Flashcards - Topic 7.2 Factors Affecting Gene Expression - Edexcel (B) Biology A-Level

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    Prasanthan
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    Transcription factors control which parts of DNA are expressed by moving into the nucleus and binding near target genes to increase or decrease transcription. Splicing joins exons back together from mRNA in different ways, producing multiple versions of RNA from a single gene. Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and can occur through non-coding RNA, histone modification, DNA methylation, and other mechanisms, playing a role in cell differentiation by controlling which DNA is transcribed.

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    Flashcards - Topic 7.2 Factors Affecting Gene Expression - Edexcel (B) Biology A-level

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    Transcription factors control which parts of DNA are expressed by moving into the nucleus and binding near target genes to increase or decrease transcription. Splicing joins exons back together from mRNA in different ways, producing multiple versions of RNA from a single gene. Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and can occur through non-coding RNA, histone modification, DNA methylation, and other mechanisms, playing a role in cell differentiation by controlling which DNA is transcribed.

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    71 просмотров19 страниц

    Flashcards - Topic 7.2 Factors Affecting Gene Expression - Edexcel (B) Biology A-Level

    Загружено:

    Prasanthan
    Transcription factors control which parts of DNA are expressed by moving into the nucleus and binding near target genes to increase or decrease transcription. Splicing joins exons back together from mRNA in different ways, producing multiple versions of RNA from a single gene. Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and can occur through non-coding RNA, histone modification, DNA methylation, and other mechanisms, playing a role in cell differentiation by controlling which DNA is transcribed.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 19

    Edexcel (B) Biology A-level

    7.2 - Factors affecting gene expression


    Flashcards

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    What is a transcription factor?

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    What is a transcription factor?

    A protein that controls the transcription of


    genes so that only certain parts of the
    DNA are expressed, e.g. in order to allow
    a cell to specialise.

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    How do transcription factors work?

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    How do transcription factors work?

    They move from the cytoplasm into the


    nucleus, bind to the DNA near their
    target gene, and then either increase or
    decrease the rate of transcription.

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    What is splicing?

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    What is splicing?

    In eukaryotic cells, mRNA contains


    non-coding regions called introns. These
    are removed, and the coding regions
    (exons) are joined back up by enzymes.

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    How can splicing result in different
    products from a single gene?

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    How can splicing result in different products from a
    single gene?

    When the exons are joined back together


    by enzymes, they can be joined in a variety
    of ways. Therefore several different
    versions of the RNA can be produced.
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    What is meant by epigenetics?

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    What is meant by epigenetics?

    A heritable change in gene function


    without change to the base sequence of
    DNA.

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    How can non-coding RNA affect gene
    expression?

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    How can non-coding RNA affect gene expression?

    There are many types of non-coding


    RNA. Some interfere with protein
    translation, some are involved in splicing,
    some chemically modify other RNAs.

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    How can histone modification affect gene
    expression?

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    How can histone modification affect gene
    expression?
    Addition of an acetyl group activates
    chromatin, allowing transcription.
    Addition of a methyl group can either activate
    or inactivate chromatin depending on the
    position of the lysine.
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    How can DNA methylation affect gene
    expression?

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    How can DNA methylation affect gene expression?

    Involves addition of a CH3 group to


    cytosine bases, which prevents
    transcription factors from binding.
    Therefore gene transcription is
    suppressed.
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    How are epigenetics involved in cell
    differentiation?

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    How are epigenetics involved in cell differentiation?

    Epigenetics control the amount of a cell’s


    DNA that is transcribed, and therefore
    ensures only the proteins needed for that
    specific cell’s function are produced.

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