Additional exercise

3.5 Solving quadratic equations by

factorization and completing the square

1 Solve the quadratic equation using the factorization method.

a x 2 + 7 x + 12 =
0 b x 2 + 3x − 10 =
0 c x 2 − 64 =
0

d 3x 2 − 5x + 2 =
0 e 4 x 2 − 8 x − 21 =
0 f 25x 2 − 9 =
0

2 Rewrite the quadratic equation in standard form and then solve using the factorization method.

a x 2 − 4 x − 4 = 2 x + 12 b x ( x − 1) =
20 c 2 ( x + 3) ( x − 3) + 9 x =
0

d x 2 + 12 x =2 x − 25 e 6 x ( x + 1) = 5x + 2 f x ( x + 7= (
) 4 x2 + 1 )
3 Find the exact solutions to the quadratic equation by factoring the perfect square on the left-
hand side of the equation. Then check your work by using a GDC to approximate the solutions
graphically.

a x2 − 6x + 9 =
7 b x 2 + 8 x + 16 =
18

4 Find the exact solutions to the quadratic equation by completing the square. You may check
your work by using a GDC to approximate the solutions graphically.

a x 2 − 8x =
−12 b x 2 + 6 x − 12 =
0 c x 2 + 3x − 1 =0

d 2 x 2 − 10 x − 4 =
0 e 4 x 2 − 20 x − 5 =0 f 3x 2 + 6 x =
−2

5 The market for a product is said to be in equilibrium when supply equals demand. For a certain
product with unit price p dollars, the supply and demand functions are given below.

supply function: s ( p
= ) 2p + 4p2 demand function: d
= ( p ) 1536 − 30p
a Write down an equation that can be solved to give the equilibrium unit price.

b Use completing the square to find the equilibrium unit price.

c Use a GDC to graphically check your solution to part b.

d Find the equilibrium quantity for the product.

© Oxford University Press 2019 Additional exercise 1

 Additional exercise

Answers
1 a x 2 + 7 x + 12 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 3) ( x + 4 ) = 0 ⇒ x + 3 = 0 or x + 4 = 0 ⇒ x = −3, −4

b x 2 + 3x − 10 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 2 ) ( x + 5) = 0 ⇒ x − 2 = 0 or x + 5 = 0 ⇒ x = 2, −5

c x 2 − 64 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 8 ) ( x + 8 ) = 0 ⇒ x − 8 = 0 or x + 8 = 0 ⇒ x = 8, −8

2
d 3x 2 − 5x + 2 = 0 ⇒ (3x − 2 ) ( x − 1) = 0 ⇒ 3x − 2 = 0 or x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x = ,1
3
7 3
e 4 x 2 − 8 x − 21 = 0 ⇒ (2 x − 7 ) (2 x + 3) = 0 ⇒ 2 x − 7 = 0 or 2 x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = ,−
2 2
3 3
f 25x 2 − 9 = 0 ⇒ (5x − 3) (5x + 3) = 0 ⇒ 5x − 3 = 0 or 5x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = ,−
5 5
2 a x 2 − 4 x − 4 = 2 x + 12 ⇒ x 2 − 6 x − 16 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 8 ) ( x + 2 ) = 0 ⇒ x = 8, −2

b x ( x − 1) = 20 ⇒ x 2 − x − 20 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 5) ( x + 4 ) = 0 ⇒ x = 5, −4

3
c 2 ( x + 3) ( x − 3) + 9 x = 0 ⇒ 2 x 2 + 9 x − 18 = 0 ⇒ (2 x − 3) ( x + 6 ) = 0 ⇒ x = , −6
2
d x 2 + 12 x = 2 x − 25 ⇒ x 2 + 10 x + 25 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 5) ( x + 5) = 0 ⇒ x = −5

2 1
e 6 x ( x + 1) = 5x + 2 ⇒ 6 x 2 + x − 2 = 0 ⇒ (3x + 2 ) (2 x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = − ,
3 2
4
f ( )
x ( x + 7 ) = 4 x 2 + 1 ⇒ 3x 2 − 7 x + 4 = 0 ⇒ (3x − 4 ) ( x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x =
3
,1

x 2 − 6 x + 9 = 7 ⇒ ( x − 3) = 7 ⇒ x − 3 = ± 7 ⇒ x = 3 ± 7
2
3 a

x = 0.354 x = 5.65
3 − 7 ≈ 0.354 3 + 7 ≈ 5.65

18 ⇒ ( x + 4 ) =
2
b x 2 + 8 x + 16 = 18 ⇒ x + 4 =± 18 ⇒ x + 4 =±3 2 ⇒ x =−4 ± 3 2

x = −8.24 x = 0.243
−4 − 3 2 ≈ −8.24 −4 + 3 2 ≈ 0.243

© Oxford University Press 2019 2

 Additional exercise

2 2
 −8   −8 
4a x 2 − 8x =−12 ⇒ x 2 − 8 x +   =−12 +   =x 2 − 8 x + 16 =−12 + 16 ⇒
 2   2 
( x − 4)
2
=4⇒ x−4=± 4 ⇒ x−4=±2 ⇒ x =4±2⇒ x =6,2
2 2
6 6
b x 2 + 6 x − 12 =0 ⇒ x 2 + 6 x =12 ⇒ x 2 + 6 x +   =12 +   ⇒ x 2 + 6 x + 9 =12 + 9 ⇒
2
  2
( x + 3)
2
=21 ⇒ x + 3 =± 21 ⇒ x =−3 ± 21
2 2
 −3   −3  9 9
c x 2 + 3x − 1 =0 ⇒ x 2 + 3x =1 ⇒ x 2 + 3x +   =1 + 
2
 ⇒ x + 3x + =1 + ⇒
 2   2  4 4
2
 3 13 3 13 3 13 3 13 −3 ± 13
 x +  = ⇒ x + =± ⇒ x =− ± =− ± =
 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2
2 2
 −5   −5  25 25
d 2 x 2 − 10 x − 4 =0 ⇒ x 2 − 5x =2 ⇒ x 2 − 5x +   =2 + 
2
 ⇒ x − 5x + =2 + ⇒
 2   2  4 4
2
 5 33 5 33 5 33 5 33 5 ± 33
x −  = ⇒ x − =± ⇒ x =± =± =
 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2
2 2
5  −5  5  −5  25 5 25
e 4 x 2 − 20 x − 5 =0 ⇒ x 2 − 5x = ⇒ x 2 − 5x +   = +
2
 ⇒ x − 5x + = + ⇒
4  2  4  2  4 4 4
2
 5 30 15 5 15 5 15 5 ± 30
x −  = = ⇒ x − =± ⇒x = ± or
 2  4 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
f 3x 2 + 6 x =
−2 ⇒ x 2 + 2 x =
− ⇒ x 2 + 2x +   =
− +   ⇒ x 2 + 2x + 1 =
− +1 ⇒
3 2 3 2 3
1 1 1 −3 ± 3
( x + 1)
2
= ⇒ x + 1 =± ⇒ x =−1 ± or
3 3 3 3

5 a 2 p + 4 p2 = 1536 − 30 p

b 2 p + 4 p2 = 1536 − 30 p ⇒
2 2
8 8
4 p2 + 32 p = 1536 ⇒ p2 + 8 p = 384 ⇒ p2 + 8 p +   = 384 +   ⇒
2
  2
( p + 4)
2
=400 ⇒ p + 4 =± 400 ⇒ p =−4 ± 20 ⇒ p =−24,16

Since the price cannot be a negative value, the equilibrium price is $16.
c

d From the calculator check in part c, you can see that the equilibrium quantity is 1056.
Alternately, you can find that either s (16 ) or d (16 ) equals 1056 units.

© Oxford University Press 2019 3