COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Complex Numbers :
L4-Argument and
Conjugate of Complex
Numbers
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Argument of Complex Numbers

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Argument of a Complex Number

If Point P(x,y) represents complex number Z, then the angle that line
OP makes with real axis taken in anticlockwise direction is known as
argument or amplitude of Z denoted by arg Z = θ
Imaginary axis

∙ P (x, y)
y
∙ θ Real axis
O x
y Im (Z)
From diagram we can write tan θ = x = Re (Z)

Argument lies between 0 to 2π

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

What is Principal Argument of Complex Numbers ?

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Principal Argument of Complex Numbers

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find argument of 1 + i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find argument of 1 + i 1st of all we will plot 1 + i on
complex plane
Solution

Imaginary axis

∙ Z (1, 1)
1
∙ θ Real axis
O 1
1
tan θ = =1
1
θ = 450
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find argument of –1 – i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find argument of –1 – i Using formula of argument
tan θ = y/x
Solution
–1
tan θ = =1
–1 So by formula, argument = 450
θ = 450 but we can see –1 –i is (–1, –1)
on complex plane so lies
Imaginary axis
in third quadrant
–1
∙ Real axis
Correct answer will be
∙ –1
(–1, –1)
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find arg Z if Z = √ 3 – 3i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find arg Z if Z = √ 3 – 3i

Solution
–3
Step I → θ = Tan–1
√3
π
= Tan–1 √ 3 =
3
Step II → x > 0, y < 0 → so IV Quadrant

Step III → - π/3

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find principal argument of
Z1== √ 3 – 3i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find principal argument of
Z1= √ 3 – 3i
Solution Z1 = √ 3 – 3i
Step I
θ = 60o
Step II
IV Quadrant
Step III
P arg = – 60o→ –π/3
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Properties of Argument Z.
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Properties of Arguments
1. arg(z1z2) = arg(z1) + arg(z2)
In general,
arg(z1z2z3 …….zn) = arg(z1) + arg(z2)+arg(z3)+........+arg(zn)

2.

3.

4. arg Zm = m arg Z
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
1+i
Find argument of z =
1–i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
1+i
Find argument of z =
1–i arg (Z1 / Z2) = arg Z1 – arg Z2
Solution
1+i
Argument arg z = arg
1–i
= arg(1 + i) – arg(1 – i) 1 + i is in I quadrant and
π –π π 1 – i is in IV quadrant
= – =
4 4 2 arg (1 + i) = π / 4
arg (1 – i) = –π / 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Find argument of z = (1 + i)10
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
10
1 + i is in I quadrant
Find argument of z = (1 + i) and its argument is π / 4
Solution
10 Using property arg (Zm)
arg z = arg (1 + i) = 10 arg(1 + i)
= m(arg Z)
π
= 10
4
5π
=
2
5π π
= –2π =
2 2
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example

3
Find argument of Z = –1 + i √ 3
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
3 Using property arg (Zm)
Find argument of Z = –1 + i √ 3
= m(arg Z)
Solution

arg Z = 3 arg –1+ √ 3 i –1 +√ 3 i is in II Quadrant,

so argument is (π – θ)
2π
= 3
3 As arg z is 2π, so this is
= 2π a positive real number
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example

9
Find argument of Z = 1 – i √ 3
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
9
Find argument of Z = 1 – i √ 3 Using property arg (Zm)
= m(arg Z)
Solution

arg Z = 9 arg 1 – √ 3 i Here, we need 2kπ factor

as argument is coming
π 5π more than 2π
= 9 2π – = 9
3 3
= 15π + 2kπ
Using k = –7
= 15π – 14π
=π
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Conjugate of a Complex Number

COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Conjugate of a Complex Number

The conjugate of a complex number is
denoted by Z Replace i by –i
If Z = a + ib then Z = a – ib
Example
Z = 3 + 4i Z = 3 – 4i

Z = –1 – i Z = –1 + i
Z=i–1 Z = –i – 1
1 1
Z= Z =
1–i 1+i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Properties of Conjugate
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Properties of Z
Z = x + iy , Z = x – iy
1) Z + Z = 2x = 2 Re(Z)

2) Z – Z = 2iy = 2i Im(Z)
2
3) Z Z = x2 + y2 = Z

⇒ Z = √Z Z
4) Z = Z ⇒ Z is real

5) Z = –Z ⇒ Z is purely imaginary
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Properties of Z
6) Z1 + Z2 = Z1 + Z2
7) Z1 – Z2 = Z1 – Z2 If Z lies in I quadrant then Z
will lie in IV quadrant
Z1 Z1
8) = and vice versa
Z2 Z2
9) Z = Z
If Z lies in II quadrant then Z
10) Z1 Z2 = Z1 Z2
will lie in III quadrant and
11) Z = Z vice versa
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Is the following complex number real/ imaginary ?
3 + 2i 3 – 2i
+
2 – 3i 2 + 3i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Example
Is the following complex number real?

Also we know that z + z = 2 Re (z)

3 + 2i 3 – 2i ⇒ real
+
2 – 3i 2 + 3i

Solution
Given expression is also z + z
3 + 2i 3 – 2i
If z = then z = So it is a real number
2 – 3i 2 + 3i
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Solution
6i2 = – 6
3 + 2i 3 – 2i
+
2 – 3i 2 + 3i
3 + 2i2 + 3i 3 – 2i 2 – 3i
= × + ×
2 – 3i 2 + 3i 2 + 3i 2 – 3i
(3 + 2i)(2 + 3i) (3 – 2i)(2 – 3i)
= 2
+
4 – 9i 4 – 9i2
6 + 9i + 4i +6i2 6 – 9i – 4i +6i2
= +
13 13
13i 13i
= – = 0, which is real
13 13
differential equations class 12 iit jee
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COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Q. If Z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument θ, then

Equals :

A
JEE Main (Offline) - 2013

D
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Q. If Z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument θ, then

Equals :

B C D
A
JEE Main (Offline) - 2013
Solution:
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Q. Let z, w be complex numbers such that .

Then arg z equals.

AIEEE 2004
A

D
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Q. Let z, w be complex numbers such that .

Then arg z equals.

A B C D
AIEEE 2004
Solution:
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Q. The conjugate of a complex number is Then the complex

number is

H.W.
B

D
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
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COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Thank You
COMPLEX NUMBERS - LESSON 4

Q. The conjugate of a complex number is Then the complex

number is

A B C D

Solution: AIEEE 2008

Put − i in place of i

Hence