Relative pronouns

Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris

Dosen Pengampu : Yani Lubis, S. Ag., M.Hum.

Disusun oleh:

Arif Muhammad Tanjung NIM 0105192003

Ai Wanda Wulandari NIM 0105191070

Dedi Syawal Azmi Kembaren NIM 0105192002

Dwi Aji Pratama NIM 0105192005

Elsa Khoriah Saqina NIM 0105191074

Rani Pahira Putri NIM 0105191095

Rizka Fadhilatil Ummi NIM 0105191080

Ratipa Musita NIM 0105191098

Kelompok V

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial

Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi

Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

Medan

2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………. i

PREFACE………………………………………………………………………. .. i

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….. 1

1.1 Backgound………………………………………………………....... 1
1.2 Problem Formulation……………………………………...………… 1

CHAPTER II THEORY AND DISCUSION……………………………………… 2

2.1 Definitaion of Relative pronouns………………………………….... 2

2.3 Types, Functions and Use of Relative Pronouns in sentences…. 3

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION……………………………………………………. 8

3.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………. 8

REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………… 9

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 PREFACE

Thanks to God for helping us and giving us the opportunity to complete

this assignment on time. And I would like to thank Mr. Yani Lubis, S. Ag.,
M.Hum. as a lecture who always teaches us and gives a lot of knowledge
about how to practice English well.

This assortment is one of the task of English which consist of Relative

Pronouns we realize this assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can be
useful for us. Criticism and suggestion are needed here to make ths
assignment better.

Hopefully we as student at “FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE” can work

more professionally by using English as a second language whatever we do.
Thanks

Medan, 20 october 2019

Author

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

After mastering English well, then we will be able to communicate with

other nations in this world. In addition, we will be able to add our insights and
knowledge for the progress of the nation and country, because we will be
able to read English literature, listen to radio broadcasts abroad, and watch
other science films. There are so many rules that must be considered in their
use, especially in the field of writing. Therefore, we try to present one of the
very important lessons to know and to master, which is about conjunctive
pronouns, because this lesson is part of the writing field that is inscribed in
the rules of the English language, in addition to fulfilling lecture assignments
it also aims that hopefully this short writing can add our insights about
English.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1) What is meant by Relative Pronoun?

2) What are the Types, Functions and Use of Relative Pronouns in
sentences?

1.3 Purpose
1) To find out the meaning of Relative Pronoun (Connecting pronouns).
2) To find out the meaning of Relative Pronoun (Connecting pronouns).

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 CHAPTER II

THEORY AND DISCUSION

2.1 Definition of Relative Pronouns

pronouns that function to connect sentences, which explain noun

(nouns). Nouns here can be human, animal, or item. When using a relative
pronoun, it certainly will not be separated from the relative clause. Relative
clause consists of relative pronouns followed by independent sentences
complete with subjects and verbs.

In using relative pronoun in English sentences, there is a formula or

formula used, the formula is:

Rumus relative pronoun:

S + V + O (Noun) + relative pronoun + S + V

or

S (Noun) + relative pronoun + S + V + keterangan + V

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This chapter discusses the extent to which social meanings are included
various modes of communication and the role of insider pronouns
indexing those meanings. It focuses on the first and second Indonesians
my set of pronouns ‘I’ - you ‘you’ and my / I ‘I’ - (e) you / (e) lo ‘you’ to
show how these pronouns are used to index social typifications based on
regional differentiation. I compared the findings from the previous research
pulling data from everyday Indonesian conversation with results from me own
analysis of pronouns in teen fiction to show that meaning included in the
conversation reflected in fiction. While the latest study
Indonesian conversation has underlined the importance of first and
second person pronouns in area-based indexing and identity
(Manns 2011), and differences in speaker preferences as motivated
based on age (Sneddon 2006) and discourse situation, there has been
hardly any interest in investigating how the pronouns are contextualised in
fiction. The lack of attention to fiction is perhaps motivated by apperception
that fiction is largely a product of imagination, and therefore the instances of
pronouns in this type of discourse does not reflect “real” use. However, as
Agha (2007: 151) points out, literary representations are a form of
1
Djenar, Dwi Noverini: Pre-publication version November 2014 To appear in: Sandrine Sorlin and
Laure Gardelle (eds.). The Pragmatics of Personal Pronouns. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

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“metadiscursive genres” in which typification of language use is evidenced.
As will be demonstrated, there is a case to be made for drawing on this type
of discourse to show how social meanings typified in one mode of
communication are resounded in another mode.

2.2 Types, Functions and Use of Relative Pronouns in sentences

A. Who

Who is a type of relative pronoun used to explain, give information or

describe PEOPLE contained in the previous clause. So, Who This is
usually used for:

• The contact pronoun which means THAT

• Used for humans as subjects
• The usual words are followed by verbs or verbs
• Used to combine two sentences as SUBJECT REPLACEMENT
in the second sentence

Example 1:

"He has got a new girlfriend who works in a garage"

 where 'who works in a garage' explains 'a new girlfriend'. Who can
be used as a subject or object. Actually the sentence 'He has got a
new friend who works in a garage' originally consisted of two
sentences, namely:

He has got a new grilfriend.

[She] works in a garage.

Then the two sentences are combined by replacing the subject of

the second sentence (she) with 'who'. In this case the who position is
a subject that replaces the previous subject position, she. Relative
pronoun who as subject always replaces subjects such as she, he,
they, we, etc.

Example 2:
'His girlfriend who I met yesterday is on vacation.'
consists of two different sentences, namely:

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 His girlfriend is on vacation.
I met [her] last night.
Explain the position of who as an object because it changes the
position of the object in the second sentence (her) by adding the
information 'is on vacation'. Relative pronoun who as an object always
replaces objects such as his, her, them, you, etc.

B. Whom
Whom is a more formal form of who. Whom is often preceded by a
preposition (functions as an object of preposition). This relative
pronoun functions as an object in relative clause. So, whom is used
for:
• Liaison pronouns WHERE ARE
• Used for humans whose position as objects;
• Used instead of patient nouns in the second sentence;
• After combining the sentence must be followed by the main noun.
Example 1:
He is the one for whom I'm waiting.
(She's the only one I'm waiting for.)
Information:

Whom is an object of preposition

"For" and form a relative clause that explains "one".

C. Which
Functioning to connect noun objects, animals, or sometimes people
(subject / object of sentence) with relative clause. Which is more
specific than what. In relative clause, this relative pronoun refers to the
subject or object. So, Which is used for:
• A conjunction which means THAT
• Used for inanimate objects or animals as subjects or objects

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• There are similarities to the use of Who and Whom, that is, as
objects

Example 1:

• I find a book, it belongs to me = i find a book which belongs to me.

• We enter to the restaurant, it sells drink only = we enter to the
restaurant which sells drink only.
Which as an object (must be accompanied by the main noun)

Example 2:

• We met the dog, he beat it yesterday = we met the dog which he

beat yesterday.
• The pen was lost, you gave it to me = the pen was lost which you
gave to me.

Example 3:

The table which was made of oak wood has broken.

(The table made of oak has broken.)
Information:

Which is the subject of the "was made" verb and forms a relative
clause that explains the "table".

Example 4:

He always eats bread whichever he likes.

(He always eats bread wherever he likes.)
Information:

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 Whichever is the object of the "likes" verb and forms a relative clause
that explains the "bread" direct object.

D. Whose
This is usually used for:
• Connecting pronouns meaning WHO
• Used for humans or living things as their own.
Example 1:

• I saw the lady, her bag was left on the bus = I saw the lady whose
bag was left on the bus
• This is the tree, it leaves fallen off = this is the tree whose leaves
have fallen off
Example 2:

The woman whose car I want to buy is my old friend.

(The woman whose car I want to buy is my old friend.)

E. That
This relative pronoun functions to connect nouns as objects or
sometimes people (subject / object of sentence) with relative clause.
In it, this relative pronoun refers to the subject or object. That is used
in defining clause. That tends to be informal (compared to who and
which).

Example 1:

Cats that live in the wild may have a better immune system.
(Cats that live in the wild may have a better immune system.)

Information:

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That is the subject of the "live" verb and forms a relative clause that
explains "cats".

Example 2:

The laptop that I bought five years ago is still working properly.
(The laptop that I bought five years ago still works well.)

Information:
That is an object of verb "bought" and forms a relative clause that
explains "laptop".

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion
From the explanation above, we can already distinguish the functions of
each Relative Pronoun which is also commonly called the conjunctive
pronoun which shows the person or object spoken of in the sentence. In
addition, the relative pronoun also functions to combine two sentences that
are talking about the same person or thing. In Indonesian, this relative
pronoun is interpreted by the word "yang". The words that can be used as
relative pronoun are: who, who, which, whose, that.

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 REFERENCES

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-relative-pronouns (diakses
pada hari Sabtu, 08 Oktober 2016 )

 http://pelajaran-inggris.blogspot.co.id/2015/04/relative-pronoun.html  pronouns 
(diakses pada hari Sabtu, 08 Oktober 2016 )

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2014/01/penjelasan-relative-pronoun-
complete.html pronouns  ( diakses pada hari Sabtu, 08 Oktober 2016 )

https://adhyz26.wordpress.com/2013/10/30/makalah-pronoun/ pronouns
( diakses pada hari Sabtu, 08 Oktober 2016 )