Module 7 : Introduction to Fire Requirements

Module 8 : Concept of Fire Safety

Module 9 : Compliance to UBBL 245(2) – JBPM Approval
Module 10 : Schedule 5,6,7 & 10
Module 11 : PART IX – Miscellaneous
By law 254-258
 WHAT IS THE UBBL SCHEDULE
FOR?

THE UBBL SCHEDULES CONSIST OF

•FEE GUIDELINES
•LOCAL AUTHORITY SUBMISSION FORMS
•GUIDELINES FOR FIRE REQUIREMENTS EITHER
PASSIVE OR ACTIVE
•FIRE RELATED VERIFICATION FORM
 WHAT ARE THE FIRE RELATED
SCHEDULE IN UBBL?
Schedule Description
5 Designation of purpose groups
Dimension of buildings and compartments
6 Calculation of permitted limits of unprotected areas
7 Maximum travel distance
Calculation of occupant load and capacity exits
8 Classification of restriction of spread of flame over surface of walls and
ceilings
Notional designation of roof constructions
9 Limits of compartments and minimum periods of fire resistance for elements
of structure
10 Table of requirements for fire extinguishment, alarm system and emergency
lighting
Water storage capacity
 SCHEDULE VS BY LAW PROVISION
Schedule Description By law
5 Designation of purpose 134- designation of purpose group
groups 138- Other walls and floors to be constructed s
compartment walls or compartment floors
Dimension of buildings 136- Provision of compartment walls and
and compartments compartment floors
6 Calculation of permitted 142- External walls
limits of unprotected areas 145- Relevant boundary
7 Maximum travel distance 165(4)- Measurement of travel distance to exits
166(2)- Exits to be accessible at all times
167(1)- Storey exits
170(b)- Egress through unenclosed opening
Calculation of occupant 167(2)- Storey exits
load and capacity exits 168(2)- Staircases
170(c )- Egress through unenclosed opening
171(c )- Horizontal exits
175- Calculation of occupant load
 SCHEDULE VS BY LAW PROVISION
Schedule Description
8 Classification of restriction of
spread of flame over surface of
walls and ceilings
Notional designation of roof
constructions
9 Limits of compartments and
minimum periods of fire
resistance for elements of
structure
10 Table of requirements for fire
extinguishment, alarm system
and emergency lighting
Water storage capacity
By law
204- Classification of restriction of flame
over surfaces of walls and ceiling
206- Classification of surface of wall or
ceiling
207(1)- Exception relating to ceiling
208(a)- Reference roofs
143(3)- Beam or column
147-Construction of separating walls
158(1)-Stages in places of assembly
162- Fire door in compartment walls and
separating walls
213- Fire resistance
216(2) – Single storey building
226(1)- Automatic system for hazardous
occupancy
237(1)-Fire alarms
247(1)- Water storage
 WHAT IS THE SCHEDULE USE FOR?

Sche Description USE

dule
5 Designation of purpose groups To define the classification of building

Dimension of buildings and compartments Define the limits of area and volume of building

6 Calculation of permitted limits of unprotected areas To protect the spreading of fire to other building

7 Maximum travel distance Limit of travel distance,

Calculation of occupant load and capacity exits Define occupancy load and capacity exits of
building
8 Classification of restriction of spread of flame over Material resistance for wall and ceiling
surface of walls and ceilings
Notional designation of roof constructions Roof resistance

9 Limits of compartments and minimum periods of Structure fire resistance

fire resistance for elements of structure
10 Table of requirements for fire extinguishment, alarm Active guidelines
system and emergency lighting
TODAY WE WILL FOCUS ON
SCHEDULE 5,6,7 & 10
 PURPOSE GROUP – 5th
Schedule
134- designation of purpose
group
 KNOWING THE RIGHT PURPOSE GROUP IS VERY
IMPORTANT
Purpose Grp Description Details

Purpose Grp I – Small residential Bungalow, Semi-D, Terrace

Purpose Grp II – Institutional Hospital, schools,

Purpose Grp III – Other residential Hotels, shop lots

Purpose Grp IV – Office Premise use for office

Purpose Grp V – Shop Place carrying retail activities

Purpose Grp VI – Factory Premesis define under Factory and Machinery act 1967

Purpose Grp VII –Assembly Social assembly places whether private or public

Purpose Grp VIII – Storage and General Car parking, places of storage or area depositing goods
EXAMPLE IDENTIFYING MIX USE

VIII STORAGE AND GENERAL

VII –PLACES OF ASSEMBLY

IV-OFFICE

V-SHOP

VIII STORAGE AND GENERAL

 DIMENSION OF BUILDING AND
COMPARTMENTATION -5th Schedule
 WHAT IS COMPARTMENT?

Compartment according to by law 133 means

Any part of a building which is separated from all other

parts by one or more compartment walls or floors or by
both and shall also include any room space above such part
of the top storey

In other words to segregate allowable size areas according

to by law 136 to avoid spreading of fire
 WHATS IS SCHEDULE 5 -DIMENSION OF
BUILDING AND COMPARTMENTATION FOR?

Mistake purpose
group III

•To determine limit of floor area and volume of building which is subjected to
by law 136 Compartmentation wall and floor.
•That way fire can be confine within a compartment from further spreading
 UNDERSTANDING 5th SCHEDULE COMPARTMENTATION

SCHEDULE 5 DIMENSION OF BUILDING

AND COMPARTMENTATION CAN BE
BROKEN INTO 2 PARTS

PART 1: Building PART 2 : Exemption

other than single Single storey
storey buildings buildings Purpose group
I-Small Residential,
IV-office and
Purpose group
VII- Assembly are
Comply Any Comply with ii- Institution excluded as there are
height Condition Building Iii-Other residential no limits applicable
Below or above 28
under by law 138
meters

Purpose group Purpose group

ii- Institution Iii-Other residential
V-shop Vi- Factory
Viii- Storage
 IN WHAT CONDITION SHALL PURPOSE GROUP I,IV AND VII
HAS TO COMPLY TO COMPARTMENTATION BY LAW 136?

According to schedule 5 dimension of building and compartmentation under

notes :

Purpose group I, IV and VII are excluded as there are no limits applicable under
by law 138

However by law 138(d)

Any floor immediately over a basement storey if such basement storey has an area
exceeding 100 square meter shall be constructed as a comparmentation wall or
floors.

Therefore, should the basement is more than 100sqm, the ground floors for
purpose group 1 (small residential), purpose group IV (office) and Purpose
group VII ( assembly) must comply to compartmentation of wall and floor by
law 136
 EXAMPLE COMPARTMENT IN AN
UNSPRINKLED SHOP

Shops / V
Floor area: 2000m2
Volume : 7000m3
Other examples of floor compartmentation

In a building over 28 meter,

compartment floors shall be
seperated 2000sqm except for
storage where 1000sqm is to
be complied
Example compartmentation
Relate back to Compartmentation by laws

• 134 – designation of purpose group

• 136 & 5th schedule– limits of compartment sizes
• 137 & 138 - compartment floors
• 139 – separation of fire risk areas
• 215 – vertical compartment wall
• 5th Schedule
Usage / purpose group limits of dimensions

Hotel / III Height > 28m

Floor area : 2000m2 4,000m2
Volume : 5500m3 11,000m3

Office / IV Height > 28m

Floor area : no limit
Volume : no limit

Shops / V Floor area : 2000m2 4,000m2

Volume : 7000m3 14,000m3

Basement Car Park / VIII Floor area : no limit

Volume : 21,000m3 42,000m3

* UBBL Clause 136 : with Automatic Sprinklers : limits shall be x 2

 1800m2 / flr
UBBL 215
Vertical separation
UBBL 137 UBBL 137
Compartment 40,000m2 / flr ( 160,000m2 total ) Compartment
Floors Floors

40000m2 / flr UBBL 138(d)

Compartment floor
 UBBL 6th SCHEDULE
(MY SPOT QUESTION)
 WHAT IS 6th SCHEDULE?

Sixth Schedule – By-Laws 142-146 seek to establish a

safe separation between buildings from fire risk standpoint
 WHAT IS THE METHOD OF CONTROL?

External openings can be radiant heat source

Schedule 6th is meant to control:

1. Maximum size of opening in the case of any site
constraint to prevent fire from spreading
2. Distance between building to building
 OBJECTIVE OF 6th SCHEDULE?

1. Objective is to establish a safe distance between

buildings so that radiant heat in the event of a fire does
not represent a source of ignition to neighboring
buildings.

2. External walls serve

• to restrict the outward spread of fire to an adjacent

building.
• protection by resisting fire or radiant heat source from
outside.
 WHAT ARE THE TYPE OF
BOUNDARIES

1. NOTIONAL BOUNDARY

2. SITE BOUNDARY (PHYSICAL BOUNDARY)

3. RELEVANT BOUNDARY FROM CENTRE OF

ROAD
 EXAMPLE RELEVANT DISTANCE DOES NOT
ENCROACH ANOTHER BUILDING

Notional boundary

Calculated Distance to satisfy space

Separation through 6th schedule

Physical
boundary Building 2

A B
Site boundary

Site boundary
Building 1

Relevant
boundary from
centre of road
 EXAMPLE : RELEVANT DISTANCE ENCROACHES
NOTIONAL BOUNDARY

When distance set, becomes relevant boundary

and does not encroach the next building

Calculated Distance to satisfy space

Separation through 6th schedule

Building 2

A B
Site boundary

Site boundary
Building 1
EXAMPLE : RELEVANT DISTANCE ENCROACHES
ANOTHER BUILDING

When building A unprotected opening design too big

And the relevant boundary has encroach next building.
Building B is at risk of fire.

Building B

Site boundary
Site boundary

Building A
Each façade has different distance for relevant boundary subject
to size of protected wall & unprotected opening
EXAMPLE DIFFERENT FORM OF BUILDING TO DETERMINE
IMAGENERY LINE AT RELEVANT BOUNDARY

Relevant boundary Relevant boundary

Unprotected areas which may be disregarded in assessing the
separation distance from the boundary
6TH SCHEDULE DIVIDED TO 4 PARTS

PART I – GENERAL RULES

- Permitted limit calculate by using part ii to iv
- And areas excluded in part b(i) to b(iv)

PART II – RULES OF CALCULATION BY REFERENCE TO AN

ENCOSING RECTANGLE

PART III - RULES CALCULATION BY REFERENCE TO

AGREAGATE NOTIONAL AREA

PART IV – RULES FOR CALCULATION IN RESPECT OF

CERTAIN BUILDINGS GROUP 1- 3
PART II, PART III & PART IV TABLES
SAMPLE CASE STUDY CALCULATION
OF 6TH SCHEDULE AND AGREGATE
NOTIONAL AREA
 You are given an office façade with 2 different window size opening.
Calculate the distance of the allowable relevant boundary and aggregate
notional area
WHAT DOES THE QUESTION WANTS?
Objective is to check if the front façade design
complies with Sixth Schedule
Compliance to part
Part II (Rules of Calculation by reference
to an Enclosing Rectangle)-
Part III (Rules for Calculation by
reference to Aggregate Notional area)-
Objective
1. To calculate relevant boundary
distance
2. to determine limit of un protected
opening
To calculate whether relevant boundary
distance comply to aggregate notional
area allowed in schedule
1. 210sqm- I.II.III.IV, VII
2. 90 sqm – purpose group V,VI,VIII
 GENERAL ASSUMPTION

Design parameter existing & Assumptions made :

1. Purpose Group : IV (Office)

2. Assume design for : Building façade is 7.5 meter to

centre of road

3. Building not compartmented

4. Annexe block to be disregarded

STEP 1 : Establish Enclosing Rectangle Size on Plane of Reference

Enclosing rectangle = area of facade

Calculation:
Width façade : 9m
Height Façade : 21.4 m
Enclosing rectangle
= Width X Height
=192.6 sqm
 STEP 2: Calculate Area and Percentage of Unprotected Openings

Unprotected Openings = Unprotected Openings such as windows and void

openings

Calculation of window openings:

10 nos 3m x 2m windows on upper flrs = 60sm

1 no 9m x 3m window on Grd Level= 27sm
Total Area of Unprotected Openings = 87sm
 STEP 3: CALCULATION OF PERCENTAGE OF UN
PROTECTED AREA

Percentage of unprotected opening in rectangle =

Percentage ratio of unprotected area on the wall surface

Percentage of Unprotected
Opening in Enclosing
Rectangle is:

=Total window area

devide by total façade
area
=87 sqm /192.6sqm
= 45.17%
 STEP 4 : For Compliance with Part II
Establish the parameters:
1. Height = 21.4 m
2. Width = 9m
3. Percentage unprotected area 45.17%

Look for relevant Table in schedule 6

at part II-

1. Select table for Purpose Groups I

(Small Residential), II
(Institutional), III (Other
Residential), IV (Office) and VII
(Assembly)
2. Select the next highest height, if
21meters, select 24 meters table
 SCHEDULE 6 PART II TABLE FOR
DIFFERENT TYPE OF PURPOSE GROUP

1. Maximum table height is for less than 27m height building.

2. Any more higher will be calculate as compartment floors.
STEP 5 : Go to Table with enclosing rectangle 24m
high (next higher from 21m ) ,

Read the following

1. Row : 9meter Width Enclosing Rectangle
2. Column : Select percentage of unprotected area 50% (next higher
from 45.17% to check compliance
 STEP 6 : For Compliance with Part II – check relevant boundary permitted

Width

Reading from the 9m Row,

Permitted minimum: For 50% Unprotected Opening, the distance to Relevant
boundary should not be less than 5.5m

Design for: Distance to Relevant Boundary = 7.5m (set back from

relevant boundary) is more then what requires of 5.5 meters
Therefore Façade complies with Sixth Schedule Part II
 STEP 7 : For Compliance with Part II – check for possible extra opening to be provided

Using the same 9m W x 24m H

Enclosing Rectangle, if one uses the
Permitted : 45.17% permitted opening refer to 50% , 5.5m from relevant boundary

Design for : For 7.5m distance to Relevant Boundary as the basis, reading upwards, one
finds that the maximum percentage of unprotected opening is 70%,

therefore, the façade design satisfies Part II of the Sixth Schedule and designer have an option to add more openings
from 45.17% to 50%.
 WHAT HAPPEN IF THE BUILDING IS ADDED WITH SPRINKLER?

If add sprinkler, 2 options

1. Relevant boundary can be half of what is given- example 7.5 become 3.25 or,
2. If already comply with the relevant boundary distance, can double the unprotected
area – example 87sqm becomes 174 sqm, become 90% and relevant boundary 9
meters

Source: The Building Regulations 2000: approved document, B: Fire safety ..., Volume 2 By Stationery Office,
Great Britain
 STEP 8 : Determine factor to Calculate
compliance to aggregate notional area (part III)
Relevant boundary distance establish in design : 7.5 meter
Check table to get the factor

7.5m

Table of factors for distance to vertical datum between 6.0 to 8.5m is 2

STEP 9 : Calculation compliance to aggregate
notional area
Total Area of Unprotected Opening is 87sm for office building (purpose group IV)

Aggregate Notional Area is :

area of Unprotected Opening X Factor in table factor PART III schedule 6

87 sqm X 2 = 174 sqm

Part III Rule 1 says aggregate notional area at side building must not exceed

1. 210sqm- I.II.III.IV, IV
2. 90 sqm – purpose group V,VI,VIII
Therefore, façade of office building with 187 sqm which is less than 210 sqm satisfies Part
III Rule 1(a) of Sixth Schedule
EXPLAINATION PART IV: CALCULATION FOR UNPROTECTED AREA
FOR CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Table IV : for calculation of building not more than 3 storey and sides does not
exceed 24 meters in length

1. If distance of building is 1 meter within a 24 meter length = Unprotected area

allowed is 5.6 sqm
2. If distance of building is 2.5 meter within a 24 meter length = Unprotected area
allowed is 15 sqm
3. If distance above 5 meters : Unprotected area allowed is up to the whole wall
EXPLAINATION PART IV: CALCULATION FOR UNPROTECTED AREA
FOR CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Rules
1. Should not exceed 3 storey
24 meter 2. Length not more than 24m
3. Does not include basement
4. Distance within limit of relevant boundary of
part II.
5. Are unprotected area within limit of PART IV
A 6. Any parts exceed 24 meters should be fire
resistance

Source: The Building Regulations 2000: approved document, B: Fire safety ..., Volume
2, UK

(A) Minimum distance between sides Length of sides in meters Maximum total
of building and relevant boundary unprotected area (m2)

1 24 5.6
1.5 24 9
2 24 12
2.5 24 15
3 24 18
4 24 24 UK regulation more
stringent as it allows
5 12 No limit only 30sqm for 5 meter
6 24 No limit Relevant boundary
 UBBL 7th Schedule
1. DEAD END
2. TRAVEL DISTANCE
3. Calculation of door,
staircase etc
 Travel distance & dead end

• If Add complete automatic sprinkler system (by law 136 & by law
220) Double the travel distance
 WHEN DOES A SPRINKLER SYSTEM BECOME
COMPULSORY?
Purpose group

II -Institution Educational occupancies Exceeding 1000 sqm

(vii) Building with central air-conditioning
Hospital and nursing homes. (be) 18m and over
(c ) exceeding 250 sqm per floor for
more than 5 storey.
III –Other residential 1.Hotel
i)Open design (e) 11 storey and over
ii) Other design (d) 4 storey and above
51 rooms and over (f) Exceeding 18meter
2. Hotel and dormitories (c ) iv. 11 storey and over
(b) i. Open balcony - 11 storeys & over
, for other design 6 storey & over.
3. Modified requirement for flats 10 storey and over

IV- Offices 4. Exceeding 30 meter or 10,000sqm

IV- Shops Single storey (d) 2000sqm

Two storey (d) 2000 sqm and over
Three storey and above (c ) 3000 sqm and above
 WHEN DOES A SPRINKLER SYSTEM BECOME
COMPULSORY?
Purpose group

VI - Factory 3. Two storey each floor built as (d) Exceeding 1000sqm floor area
separate compartment single or terrace
type construction
4. Flatted factories block development (a) 2 storey and over
open balcony approach (iv) Compartment more than 7,000 cbm.
(b) 3 storey to 5 storey with Compartment
more than 7,000 cbm.
(c ) 6 storey and over)
5. Special structure (b) Hazardous processes

VII- Place of assembly 1. Class A & B below the level of exit

discharge.
2. 2. Stage with fly galleries gridirons
and riggings for movable theaters.
3. Hazardous areas
VIII- Storage and Single storey More than 7000 cbm
general
2 storey and over ii) 1000 sqm and over
 Travel distance & dead end

Note:
1. NR- No requirement or not applicable
2. X-> Basement parking with sprinkler, travel distance is 30 in lieu of 45
3. + -> means alternative solutions to tackle large size hangar or garage either
via:
• staircase to tunnel or passageway leading to exit
• Add complete automatic sprinkler system (by law 136)
 WHAT IS THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN
DEAD END AND TRAVEL DISTANCE?

Dead End Travel distance

Limit of travel distance to exit Limits of travel distance to exit

when no alternative exits is when alternative exits is
provided provided.

Can be manipulated via Limit can be increase via

compartmentation sprinkler.
Example Dead END FOR SHOP

Shopping area dead end

15 meter

The travel distance for the dead end

situation must be less than 15 meter
What happen when dead end limit cannot be complied?
Shopping area dead end 15 meter

15 meter-
occupancy
30 meter Less then 6 people

15 meter
When occupancy of B is more than 6 people

If occupancy
Therefore Shopping area More than 6 people
travel distance by adding extra a +b < permitted dead end
staircase

Without sprinkler 30meter

With sprinkler 45meter
A
Shop area dead end
Compartmentation
Without sprinkler 30meter does not comply with minimum
With sprinkler 45meter 15 meter dead end
Example Maximum travel distance

Shopping area travel distance

Without sprinkler 30meter
With sprinkler 45meter
 UBBL 7th SCHEDULE
OCCUPANCY LOAD & EXIT CAPACITY
 WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY OCCUPANCY
LOAD AND CAPACITY EXITS?

Occupant load
-Allowable Limit of human occupation within a floor area

Capacity exits
-Limit of provided exits to take human occupation for evacuation.
-Covers calculation for determining size & controlling numbers of:-
• Door
• Staircase
• Escalator
• Ramp
• Horizontal exits
 HOW DO YOU DETERMINING
STAIRCASE EXIT WIDTH?

4 Steps to calculate staircase minimum exit width

1. Determine the Variables

2. Determine Occupancy load
3. Determine length of staircase in unit and meters
4. Determine minimum exit width of staircase
Types of calculating No. of Staircase

1. Minus 1 staircase
2. Plus 1 staircase
Example case study for office

Offices 30 meter

60 meter

Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)

 1. Determine the basic Variables
– purpose group & floor area

Step 1:
Determine Purpose group : (ref 5th schedule)
Example – Office (purpose group IV)
Step 2:
Calculate floor area in square meter
Example – 1800sqm area of offices

Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)

 Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)
UBBL
7th
SCHEDULE

Note:
1. NR- No requirement or not
applicable
2. Exits measured in units
550mm
3. Width of access exit should
be 700mm
4. Travel in horizontal direction
for officer building, assembly
buildings for travel in
horizontal direction increase
from 30/person to 100/person
5. Travel in inclined direction –
horizontal exit for hospital
22/person inlieu of 30 &
75/person inlieu of 100
6. Main exit is calculated as
50% of exit width.
 2. Determine Occupancy load
Step 3: Determine occupancy load factor from schedule 7
Example: refer 7th Schedule : Office Occupancy load -10 gross

Step 4: Calculate occupancy load through formula

: floor area E.g.: 1800
occupancy load factor 10

: Occupancy load E.g. : 180

Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)
3. Determine length of staircase in unit and
meters
Step 5: Determine capacity exit (stairs) from 7th schedule
Example – Ref 7th Schedule for office -60

Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)

3. Determine length of staircase in unit and
meters
Step 6 : Calculate length of staircase unit through formula
occupancy load (stairs) = total length of staircase unit
capacity exit factor
Example 180/60 = 3 unit

Step 7 : Convert length staircase unit to meter by formula

Total length in meters :
1 unit staircase X 0.55meter (550m under foot note 7th schedule)
Example : 3 unit X 0.55 meter = 1.65 meter

Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)

4. Determine minimum width of staircase
Step 8: Determine number of staircase provided =E.g -2
Step 9 : Calculate no of staircase provided minus 1 to satisfy by law 168(2) = E.g - 1

Step 10 : Calculate minimum width of 1 staircase

Formula : length of staircase in meter
no of staircase -1

Example : 1.65/ (2-1) :1.65 meters

Step 11 : Use your judgment

1. If the minimum staircase width is too big, go back to step 8 to try provide more staircase.
2. If minimum staircase width is too small (less than 1.1 meter), go back to step 8 to provide less
staircase
3. If occupant load less than 50- minimum staircase exit width is 900mm
Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)
Total staircase provided

•Office (purpose group IV)

•1800sqm area of offices
•With 2 staircases

Example Calculation 1 (Minus 1 Str)

 Example Calculation 2
(1 + 1 Staircase Scenario)

Offices 40 meter

60 meter

A. Total Area = 60 x 40 = 2400 meter2

B. Calculate Occupant per meter2 = Total Area / Occupancy load
= 2400 meter2 / 10
= 240 person/meter2
C. Calculate width of Staircase = Occupant per meter2 / Staircase Capacity Exit
= 240 / 60
= 4 unit width
D. Refer bottom of Schedule 7, 1 unit width = 550mm;
= Total width of Staircase = 4 x 550mm
= 2200 mm (Minimum width)
E. 1 Staircase of 2200mm width is then proposed.
E. Refer to By-Law 168(1), min no of staircases are 2 and 168(2), 2nd staircase is discount
during fire breaks; then if 2 no of staircases of 2200mm width are provided.
 Example Calculation 2
(2+ 1 Staircase Scenario)

Offices 40 meter

60 meter

A. Total Area = 60 x 40 = 2400 meter2

B. Calculate Occupant per meter2 = Total Area / Occupancy load
= 2400 meter2 / 10
= 240 person/meter2
C. Calculate width of Staircase = Occupant per meter2 / Staircase Capacity Exit
= 240 / 60
= 4 unit width
D. Refer bottom of Schedule 7, 4 unit width = 550mm;
= Total width of Staircase = 4 x 550mm
= 2200 mm (Minimum width)
E. 2 Staircase of 1100mm width is then proposed.
E. Refer to By-Law 168(1), min no of staircases are 2 and 168(2), 2nd staircase is discount
during fire breaks; then if 3 no of staircases of 1100mm width are provided.
 Example Calculation 3
(Multistorey = 2 str scenario)
5 storeys offices with 2 staircases

A Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Remarks

Purpose Group / IV / IV /
B Occupancy Load IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 10 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10

C Floor Area 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200

Occupancy (no of
D person)= C/B 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

Exit capacity rq for

E staircase (D/60) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Minimum staircase
F width (E x 0.55m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

(Total staircase width

provided) - (1 widest
G staircase) 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m
(widest
assume
Staircase 1 (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) inaccessible)
St Staircase 2 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m
air Adequate if (G)
is more than
ca Adequat Adequat Adequat Adequ Adequ min str width
se H Adequate Adequate e Adequate e e ate ate Adequate Adequate Adequate required (F)
 5 storeys offices with 3 staircases

A Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Remarks
Purpose
Group /
Occupancy
B Load IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10 IV / 10

C Floor Area 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200
Occupancy
(no of
person)=
D C/B 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
Exit capacity
rq for
staircase
E (D/60) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Minimum
staircase
width (E x
F 0.55m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
(Total
staircase Example Calculation 4
width (Multistorey = 3 str scenario)
provided) -
(1 widest
G staircase) 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m 2.4m
(widest
assume
Staircase 1 (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) (1.2m) inaccessible)
Staircase 2 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m
Staircase 3 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m 1.2m
Adequate if (G)
is more than
Adequat Adequ Adequ Adequ Adequat Adequat min str width
Staircase H Adequate e Adequate Adequate ate Adequate ate ate e Adequate e required (F)
EXAMPLE MIX USE DEV. CALCULATION
EXAMPLE MIX USE CALCULATION
 LATIHAN NO 1
Calculate exit width of the staircase.

4th floor Offices

70 meter
5600 sqm

80 meter
What happen if one of the exit is a ramp?

•Total exit designed- 3 staircases and 1 ramp

•Therefore exit provided is 4
•Consider 1 exit not in use in the case of fire
for calculation.
•Total Exit width subdivided equally for 3
units.
•This method does not apply for purpose
group III as capacity exit ramp(60)and
staircase(45) is different.
•Suggestion, use more stringent capacity exit
of 45 for staircase for all
CALCULATION FOR STAIRCASE/RAMP
TO DETERMINE EXIT WIDTH
Calculation strategy for office By Law Calculation

Area of office 176(a) 1800 sqm

Occupancy load factor 7th schedule (176(b) 10
Occupancy load 176(c) 180
Capacity exit door 7th schedule (176(d) 60
Total length exit unit 3 meters
Total length in meters ( X 0.55) by law 181 3 X 0.55 =
1.65 meters

Staircase/ramp width

Exit provided 4 ( 3 stairs and 1 ramp)

Exit provided less 1 door assuming 1 fire exit staircase cannot by law 177(a) 3
be use which is link to the door.
Minimum width staircase/ ramp to be provided 176(e) 1.65 meters / 3 nos door
Width of staircase/ ramp for fire exits 0.55m ramp/ staircase
-which is smaller than minimum
requirement exit of 1.1m
Thefore use 1.1m
UBBL 7th SCHEDULE CALCULATION OF
EXIT WIDTH FOR DOOR
 CALCULATION OF EXIT (DOOR)

There are 2 type of calculation for exit door.

1. Above street level

2. At street level
UBBL
7th
SCHEDULE

Note:
1. NR- No requirement or not
applicable
2. Exits measured in units
550mm
3. Width of access exit should
be 700mm
4. Travel in horizontal direction
for officer building, assembly
buildings for travel in
horizontal direction increase
from 30/person to 100/person
5. Travel in inclined direction –
horizontal exit for hospital
22/person inlieu of 30 &
75/person inlieu of 100
6. Main exit is calculated as
50% of exit width.
Calculate exit width for upper and street level

•Shop
•3000 sqm area of 4 storey shop
CALCULATION OF DOOR WIDTH FOR
1ST FLOOR AND ABOVE FOR SHOP
Calculation strategy for shop By Law Calculation

Area of shop 176(a) 4000 sqm

Occupancy load factor 7th schedule (176(b) 6
Occupancy load 176(c) 666.66
Capacity exit door 7th schedule (176(d) 100
Total length exit unit 6.66 meters
Total length in meters ( X 0.55) by law 181 6.66 X 0.55 =
3.66 meters
Door from fire staircase

Exit provided 4
Exit provided less 1 door assuming 1 fire exit staircase cannot by law 177(a) 3
be use which is link to the door.
Minimum width door to be provided 176(e) 3.66 meters / 3 nos door
Size of door for fire exits 1.22m door
-which is bigger than minimum
requirement exit of 700mm
By law 163, fire door minimum 900 x 2100
or 1800 x 2100.
Use double door 1800.
Total doors
Total doors provided 4 nos door at staircase
Total exit door provided on upper floor

•Shop
•4000sqm area of 4 storey shop
•Width 4 exit doors @ 1.22 meter each
CALCULATE EXIT WIDTH FOR STREET
LEVEL?

•MAIN DOOR WIDTH?

•FINAL EXIT?
CALCULATION OF MAIN DOOR WIDTH
FOR STREET LEVEL SHOP
Calculation strategy for shopping mall By Law Calculation

Area of street level shop 176(a) 4000 sqm

Occupancy load factor 7th schedule (176(b) 3
Occupancy load 176(c) 133.33
Capacity exit door 7th schedule (176(d) 100
Total length exit unit 13.33 meters
Total length in meters ( X 0.55) by law 181 13.33 X 0.55 = 7.33 meters

Provision Main door

Main exit must be 50% of total exit width 7.33 meters X 50% = 3.66
Nos of main door provided 2 nos
Exit width per door 1.815 meter per double leaf door
Provision of Fire exit door to external from fire staircase
Exit provided at fire staircase 4
Exit provided less 1 door assuming 1 fire exit staircase cannot by law 177(a) 3
be use which is link to the door.
Minimum width door to be provided 176(e) 3.66 meters / 3 nos door
Size of door for fire exits 1.22 meter door
-which is bigger than minimum
requirement exit of 700mm
Total doors
Total doors provided on street level is 6
Being 4 door exit from fire staircase + 2
main door
 Total exit door provided on street level

Final exit
Final exit

•Shop
•4000sqm area of 4 storey shop
•Main door 50% of total required exit width
•Ie Double Leaf - 1.815 meter opening door
•Other doors- 1.22 meter door

Final exit Final exit

Main exit Main exit

 Alternative 1 : Exit strategy at street level
Main exit

Final exit
Final exit

•Shop
•4000sqm area of 4 storey shop
•Main door 50% of total required exit width
•Ie Double Leaf - 1.815 meter opening door
•Other doors- 1.22 meter door

Final exit Final exit

Main exit
Alternative 2 : Exit strategy at street level
Main exit

Final exit Final exit

•Shop
•4000sqm area of 4 storey shop
•Main door 50% of total required exit width
•Ie Double Leaf - 1.815 meter opening door
•Other doors- 1.22 meter door
Final exit Final exit

Main exit
Alternative 3 : Exit strategy at street level
Main exit

•Shop
•4000sqm area of 4 storey shop
Passageway •Main door 50% of total required exit width Passageway

•Ie Double Leaf - 1.815 meter opening door

•Other doors- 1.22 meter door

Main exit
 DETERMINE DOOR SIZES TO USE

Select door for exit width size

single door 700mm
single door 800mm
single door 900mm
Double door 500 - 1000mm
Double door 600- 1200mm
Double door 700- 1400mm
Double door 800-1600mm
Double door 900-1800mm
UBBL 7th SCHEDULE CALCULATION OF
HORIZONTAL EXITS
 WHAT IS HORIZONTAL EXIT?

1. horizontal exit is an exit that allows occupants to egress from one side of a
building to another side through a fire-resistance-rated assembly, such as a fire
wall or fire barrier.

2. The horizontal exit provides an additional layer of fire-resistive protection

between the fire source and the occupants to allow them to safely exit through
a vertical exit enclosure, or some other exit component.
Provide Horizontal exit between side A &B
and calculate the horizontal exit width

Side A Side B
2000 sqm 1000 sqm

Office Office
CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL EXIT FOR OFFICE
Rules

1. Horizontal exit treated as a compartment

2. Construction of wall dividing the space for

the horizontal exits must be minimum 2 hr
fire rated.

Side A Side B 3. For both side to use horizontal exit, door

2000 sqm 1000 sqm open in direction of egress

Calculation strategy for shopping mall By Law Side A Side B

Total area of office 176(a) 2000 sqm 1000 sqm

Occupancy load factor 7th schedule (176(b) 10 10
Occupancy load 176(c) 200 100
Capacity exit door 7th schedule (176(d) 100 100
Total length horizontal exit unit 2 1
Total length in meters ( X 0.55) by law 181 2 X 0.55 1 X 0.55
Exit width required for horizontal exit 1.1 meters 0.55 meters
Arch design Recommendation Single door 1.1mm Single door 700mm
Horizontal exit with double swing opening for
both sides
APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY
REFER 10TH SCHEDULE
UBBL 10th Schedule
APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY
 REFER 10th Schedule
Covers-
1. All purpose group for active requirements
• Define hazardous area in note 1 for building group VI Factory
• Requirements for extinguishing system (note 2)
• Requirements for fire alarm (note 3)
• Requirements for emergency lighting (note 4)

1. Water storage capacity

2. Form A- apply and certify automatic sprinkler
3. Form B - apply and certify fixed installation fire alarm
system
UBBL SCHEDULE 10, SPECIALLY DEDICATED
FOR FIRE

REFER CLAUSE

TYPE BUILDING

TYPE SYSTEM

What is this
code for ?
 UBBL SCHEDULE 10, EXPLANATION

NOTE EXPLAIN CODE:

REQUIRE HOSE REEL

OTHER EXAMPLES
 Note 2 - Requirements for extinguishing system

A- Automatic sprinkler B- Water spray system

C- High expansion foam system D- CO2 System

 Example
inergen gas

E- Halogen system F- Other automatic system

G- Hose reel H- Hydrant system

 Note 3- Requirements for fire alarm

1- Automatic fire detection system 2- Manual Electrical fire alarm system

3- Signal indicator alarm 4- Manual alarm system

 Note 4- Requirements for emergency lighting

(a)- Signal point units

(b)- Control Battery
( c)- Generators
CONCLUSION
 Consider designing building with good fire measure

Design consideration Reference

1 Provide adequate fire appliance access, hydrants etc to assist 140 & 225
fire/rescue personnel

2 Subdivide bldg into compartments by means of resisting walls & Schedule 5

floors, providing fire stop at openings between floors & compartments
3 Design & construct bldg exterior to avoid fire spread to another bldg Schedule 6
4 Design & provide adequate safe escape routes Schedule 7
5 Select material that don’t promote rapid spread of fire or generate Schedule 8 & 9
dangerous smoke / poisonous gas
6 Provide adequate fixed installation for quick & effective detection & Part VIII
extinguishment of fire & Schedule 10
7 Design & install bldg services that don’t assist fire spread, smoke & Schedule 10
toxic fumes