Q1.

(a) “Most of the breakthrough innovations emerge from simple ideas

and are people centric”. Elaborate your point w.r.t. Google.
Answer.
“Most of the breakthrough innovations emerge from simple ideas and are people centric” as
most of the companies starts when the people feel need for the specific product or service and
is all based on the preferences of the potential customer. When in 1998 Google started and
the concept of compiling of all the webpages on a search engine which is accessible to
everyone with internet access, Google was not the first company to launch search engine
where all the websites can be displayed Yahoo did it in 1994 but Google adapted changes in
the preferences and technology. The founders Lary page and Sergey Brin were in Stanford
university as they were working with software related to search engine backlink analysis as
they got the idea to crest Google and put in all the money they had with them in the project
and in the year 1998 they got a investor and they incorporated as a company.
The major objective of the company was to organize all the global available information and
make it accessible to all the people across the world. The name of the company reflected the
work and objective the company have i.e to virtually organize all the data with speed,
accuracy and reliability of the data. The user interface of Google is more user friendly and
responsive then the other search engines as it provides to choose different languages, check
news, maps, stock price and many more daily used widgets which are used by the users on
daily basis, other than that it can be used on any platform like mobile, tablets or computer it is
optimised in a way that it is presentable in any platform. For keeping themselves ahead of the
competitors like Yahoo, Bing, ask, etc. they use PageRank and hypertext-matchmaking
analysis technologies to provide fast, reliable and accurate information.
The conclusion was that Google has built an unorthodox management model that is based on
six management principles.
 Dynamic capabilities. The company’s ability to integrate, develop, and reconfigure internal
and external competencies in order to meet rapidly changing surroundings.
 A continuously changing organization. If you delay taking action until problems arise, you
will act too late. The organization should be permeated with a proactive approach to change.
 A people-centric approach. The company is people-centric, focusing on the individual and
liberating his or her innovative power. This principle is based on a belief that people want to
be creative and that a company must provide them with a setting in which they can express
their creativity.
 An ambidextrous organization. Continuous innovation must combine two different forms
of organizational logic within the same organization. These are daily production, which
works best with a conventional planning-and-control approach, and innovation, which
requires greater freedom, flexibility, and a more open attitude toward experimentation.
 An open organization that networks with its surroundings. A company can be more or less
open to integration with its surroundings. Continuously innovative companies have
permeable limits and have a constant and conscious exchange of information with their
surroundings.
 A systems approach to work differs from the conventional linear way of working. A
systems approach requires a holistic view and understanding of the whole corporate system
(that is, the organization) and how the different components in the system influence each
other.
Q1.B.What is the unique business model you see in Google?

Business model refers to a plan for the successful operation of the business, identifying,
sources of revenue, the intended customers base, products and details of financing.

Sites which are free of cost have either shifted their business model or have gone out of
business completely as there is no revenue generation to meet their daily expenses in such
case it becomes important for any online site to bring a unique business model which can
bring revenue and also serve there users with maximum benefits so that they wont shift to
other services available.

Google is also an online search engine which provides free service to the users due to which
today billions of people over the world rely on google to search any sort of information. It is
also the number 1 search engine in the world and highest revenue generator among all the
search engine. Have you ever wondered that how google by providing free service to the end
users manages to earn this much of revenue? It is due to the reason that in the early
operational days itself google had realized that there is a strong need to bring a unique
business model which will let them earn revenue and that was earning revenue through
ADVETISEMENT. Yes, Google generates most of its revenue from online advertising.
They provide advertisers the opportunity to deliver cost-effective and measurable online
advertising, with pertinent and relevant information displayed on any page. Advertisers used
Google AdWords and Google AdSense to promote their products and services online.

Q1.C. “Innovation is never a onetime activity in Business”. Comment

Innovation is surely never a one-time activity as in order to succeed it is always necessary

for any business to keep bringing innovation in their business. As We are living in a global
economy where what was new last month becomes obsolete the next. Companies that have
succeeded in even the most challenging times over the past decade have one thing in common
- innovation. Innovation as a growth strategy works because people love everything new.

. End of innovation could mean the end of business in today’s context. The fear of risk and
failure can set in an inertia in the business. Change, innovation and growth thrive on the
ability to take the risk and handle failures. Companies need to make environmental
assessments and innovate as per the need of the times. Finding and filling that essential need
gap is what brings continuous growth. Growth is not just about success, it is the story behind
that success, the experience of the numerous failures that bring in that success, and the
knowledge that is instrumental in sustaining that success.

So it is necessary to embrace innovation in order to drive business growth, stay relevant in

changing times, and differentiate from the competition, business leaders must be able to think
creatively and embrace innovation into their business models. This doesn’t mean that a
willingness to innovate is the only ingredient for success, however: leaders must also have a
solid understanding of how to go about bringing that innovation to life.

When it is comes to GOOGLE in order to stay ahead in the competition and to become one
of the most innovative companies, Google used PageRank and Hypertext-Matching Analysis
technologies to provide reliable, fast and accurate information. It also innovated special
software called “Spiders” to make a list of important key words frequently found in websites.
Google did not limit its innovation to the desktop only. To bring accurate and fast search
results to the users accessing the web, Google pioneered wireless search technology like
WAP, i-mode, JSKY, and EZWeb. Google provided its wireless technology to numerous
market leaders, including AT&T, Wireless, Sprint PCS, Nextel, Palm and Vodafone
among others.

Q1.D In 2006, Google brand was ranked 24th, by 2014 it was numero uno. How do you
think, Google has reached the summit?
In 2006 google ranked 24 and stood as a world’s largest search engine and in 2014 it
becomes the best than the rest, so what innovation and strategies google applied to achieved
this milestone:

a) Google gathered information on different subjects and in different languages to cover

more market area and to reach more visitors on their search engine
b) Visitors used google more for knowing the stock prices which helps them to know
and what price they should invest in which stock, maps for navigations and headlines
c) The user also could access Google from wireless platforms like WAP and i-mode
phones.
d) Its reputation spread with word of mouth from millions of satisfied users of Google.
e) Google generated most of its revenue from online advertising. They provided
advertisers the opportunity to deliver cost-effective and measurable online
advertising, with pertinent and relevant information displayed on any page.
f) Advertisers used Google Adwords and Google Adsense to promote their products
and services online.
g) To stay ahead in the competition and to become one of the most innovative
companies, Google used PageRank and Hypertext-Matching Analysis technologies to
 provide reliable, fast and accurate information. It also innovated special software
called “Spiders” to make a list of important key words frequently found in websites.
h) Google did not limit its innovation to the desktop only. To bring accurate and fast
search results to the users accessing the web, Google pioneered wireless search
technology like WAP, i-mode, JSKY, and EZWeb. Google provided its wireless
technology to numerous market leaders, including AT & T, Wireless, Sprint PCS,
Nextel, Palm and Vodafone among others.

Q2 A)Which specific entrepreneurial traits you could see in Suhag?

Answer:

Vision and Passion

Suhag had a very clear vision of his business. So she had the ability to plan out her long term
and short term goals and objectives. She was able to map out her future plans in an articulate
and efficient manner.

Another very important trait necessary in an entrepreneur is that she is passionate about her
work. Entrepreneurship is hard work and long hours, so she was passionate about what she
is doing. Such passion can translate into hard work and success.

Risk Taker. Perception: Women are less likely to take risks than men. Fact: On a cold
and windy afternoon, Khemlani steps out of the 47th floor of a high-rise and proceeds to
wash windows. If her heart’s pounding, she doesn’t show it. She’s doing what she wants
to: clean windows.

It needs a particularly strong stomach to be suspended 47 floors above the ground, and
Khemlani has it. "This is how I pictured an idyllic workplace, high above the ground,
with no traffic snarls to weigh me down, no rush hour to contend with, and no boring 9-
to-5 routines to stress about," she says.

A risk is an integral part of any new business. But it is an especially important factor in
entrepreneurship because here the entrepreneur bears the entire risk of the business. So it is
necessary that the entrepreneur has an adventurous and risk-taking personality.

Inspiration & Hard work; Khemlani got her inspiration from her father who ran a
company that supplied high-rise cleaning equipment. He mentioned casually that clients
who bought the equipment often inquired about people who’d actually do the cleaning.
There was no one in India, so Khemlani decided to step in. Her parents did not quite take
her seriously but indulged her by sending her to London for a month-long intensive
training session with the OCS group.

When she returned, she was ready to set up Technoclean India with her father. That was
in 1998, and she was 20. She started as marketing executive, and almost immediately ran
into hurdles. First, she was too young, and second, she was a woman. Her first break
came after five months, when Khemlani got a Rs 6,000 contract for Ruby Terrace.

Leader and Hard worker :

Khemlani might be a director but has no qualms about getting her hands dirty. She speaks
of the incredulous look on the face of the manager of Mumbai’s Hotel Intercontinental, a
contract she bagged recently. "He went, like, are you actually going to clean the facade
yourself," she recalls. She’s earned the respect of both clients and employees by having
the guts to rappel up and down skyscrapers, and the brains to work it into a business
opportunity that pays rich dividends. For fiscal 2004, she targets a turnover of Rs 3.5
crore.

One of the other important qualities of a successful entrepreneur is leadership. All good
entrepreneur are good leaders.

Q2 B)Suhag is planning to have entry in at least another 10 cities in India by 2020.

Suggest how she should raise capital to reach her target?

Networking and finding potential investors

You can never know too many people. While networking, you don’t necessarily need to
be constantly promoting your business; you should make sure you are helping other
people. This will help you garner a positive reputation, and when you help others get
what they want, they will be more likely to help you.

Keep in mind that you will face rejection when discussing your business with others.
Some investors may not be looking for an opportunity right now. For other people, your
concept simply won’t be the right fit. Knowing this going in can save you a lot of
heartache and stress.

Researching various investment groups and resources online can prove worthwhile. Just
don’t get sucked into the bottomless blackhole of the internet. Try making a phone call or
sending emails, so that you remain proactive when reaching out.

Finding companies that offer capital in your niche

If you have a niche business model aligned with ecommerce or SaaS, or you produce
devices for the healthcare industry, say, you can find investors that offer funding to those
types of companies.
This isn’t to suggest you won’t need to look for additional sources of funding, but if
finding tailored solutions streamlines your process of finding capital, it will be worth
looking into.

Getting your pitch deck ready

Much has already been said about the necessity of a pitch deck and the ways in which to
put together an effective presentation. The fundamentals are that your presentation should
be used to highlight the most attractive aspects of your business.

Keeping your target audience in mind and knowing what’s important to investors is key.

Generally, 10 to 15 slides containing information on your company, your team,

competition, target market, milestones, future plans and funding requirements is
sufficient. Armed with this information, your prospective investors should be better able
to decide on a course of action that’s in alignment with their best interests

Researching the different types of investors

Just because you’ve decided whom you’re going to go after and what amount to ask
doesn’t necessarily mean you’re going to get what you’ve requested. When it comes to
financial matters, the more options you can identify, the better. That way, you’ll always
have a backup plan when you need it.

Among the different types of investors out there that you may consider are: founders,
family, friends, venture capitalists, angel investors, single family offices, business
incubators, investment groups and crowdfunding pledgers.

Keeping in mind that some forms of funding are costlier and riskier than others, you can
also use credit cards, lines of credit, bank loans and the like. These financing options are
often last resorts or backup initiatives, as they are more contingent on the condition of
your personal finances and assets, versus the value or potential value of your business.

Bootstrap your business

Provided that your business isn’t operating in an industry that requires lots of startup
capital, like manufacturing or transportation, you can potentially fund your own venture
—and it may be more feasible than you think.

For instance, even if you don’t have enough in savings to run the operation, you could get
a 0% / low interest APR business credit card, offering you the chance to borrow cash for a
period of time without incurring interest.
Perhaps you think funding the business yourself carries lots of risk—and it does. But it’s
important to consider your potential.

Brent Gleeson, a leadership and team building coach specializing in organizational

transformations, states, “if you believe in your vision and have an absolute refusal to
accept failure as an option, you should feel comfortable investing your own money into
the business.”

Investing some of your own money will usually make investors and lenders more willing
to partner with you down the line.

Apply for a loan

Even as technology creates new ways of raising capital, traditional financing products
remain the primary way small businesses fund their operations. According to the Small
Business Administration (SBA), almost 75% of financing for new firms comes from
business loans, credit cards, and lines of credit.

Generally speaking, the small business loans with the most favorable rates and terms are
going to be SBA loans and term loans from banks and other financial institutions. To get
approved, you typically need to meet requirements like the following:

You have been in business for 2 years or more

The business has strong annual revenues (typically at least $100,000)

Good credit (like a score of 640+)

These aren’t hard and fast rules and will differ depending on the lender. If you don’t
qualify for a term loan with a good APR, there are other, albeit more expensive, types of
funding available.

If you have outstanding invoices, you could opt for invoice financing to get that money
faster. Or, if you need cash for machinery, tech devices, office furniture, or something
similar, consider equipment financing.
Before applying for a small business loan, make sure to prepare any loan documents
you’ll need to show ahead of time.  You’ll be asked to show a profit and loss statement,
balance sheets, tax returns and bank statements. In some cases your personal information
may be checked as well.

Get investment from venture capitalists

Venture capitalists (VCs) typically want to invest in slightly more mature companies than
angel investors and sometimes want to have more of a say in managing the day-to-day
operations.

Since VCs have a responsibility to achieve certain returns for the firm or fund, they want
scalable and cash-flow positive companies with proven and scalable products and
businesses.

If your company satisfies these requirements, you could apply for an investment with a
VC firm. It’s not the easiest thing to accomplish, but plenty of small businesses have done
it successfully.

Your pitch is crucial to obtaining funding. Sequoia, one of the most successful VC firms
on the planet, stresses, “you need to convey the main reasons why an investor should love
your business in the first 5 minutes.” Sequoia partners state you can do this in three
simple steps, which are:

Explain what’s changed. Detail the innovation, industry shift, or problem that presents
substantial opportunity for your company.

Explain what you do. In one sentence, show how your company can capitalize on this
opportunity.

Explain the facts. Get to your company’s story and financials quickly. Lay out the
opportunity with numbers. Discuss the team and their abilities and experience.

Get the capital you need to drive forward

The key lesson here is that you have many options for financing your business. Don’t get
discouraged if one doesn’t work out. By demonstrating due diligence and being
resourceful and persistent, you can raise the capital you need.
Q2)C What are the other interesting opportunities being thrown up by the continuing
building boom in India?
India’s construction needs are no secret, nor are the forecasts for impressive growth across
the country’s construction industry. When investing in India it makes sense to capitalise on
growth markets within the country. Right now, there options for businesses and investors
both, to become a part of a construction industry that’s set to be the third largest in the world,
just a few years from now we might have business in:

1)Water Tank Cleaning Solution

Water tank cleaning is a commercial cleaning service that basically engages in the cleaning
of overhead and underground water storage tanks. This service is carried out once in a while
which could be quarterly or so as against some other cleaning services that are done on a
daily basis. This is a good opportunity as it a necessary to have good and clean tank for water.
These are the services we will offer as a water tank cleaning company;

 Overhead water tank cleaning

 Underground water tank cleaning
 Water treatment plant cleaning
 Swimming pool cleaning & maintenance
 Drain, duct and gutter cleaning

2)Hygiene Maintenance Services:

This Business deals with maintaining the hygiene of people living in the building like
cleaning Floors, Garbage collecting from each floor and disposing Garbage properly,
sweeping corridors, Cleaning Toilet. Also providing Janitor services as per client needs.
Provide the customer with all residential cleaning services in an environmentally sound,
completely trustworthy, and professional manner. Within this business, there are both
residential as well as commercial cleaners. The commercial cleaners are typically a janitorial
service that offers a wide range of services from general office cleaning, to carpet cleaning, to
window cleaning. Janitorial services are a one-stop service offering for commercial
businesses. 

3)Waste Management Solution

This Business deals with collection of garbage and segregating into wet and dry waste. The
wet waste is then used for compositing and making organic fertilizer. The fertilizer generated
can used by the society of the Building/commercial Building for their gardening and personal
use. Composting is recycling for organics. It converts organic materials, like food waste and
yard trimmings, into a valuable soil amendment that contributes to soil health and keeps
organic wastes out of landfills. Team needs to ensure that all the staff on site is trained and
well-versed with the overall waste management plan and processes of the building. This will
ensure that the plan is implemented from the source itself. Business will establish a system
for removing trash as per client specification and demographics.

4)Elevator Maintenance

This Business deal with Repair and maintenance of Lifts where one can come in annual
contract with Building Management for Maintenance and breakdown of lift. Cultivate some
business relationships with building owners and commercial businesses in the city where you
intend to do your work. Elevator technicians should be licensed and have significant industry
experience. The keys to growth in the elevator repair and maintenance industry are
responsiveness, service, and affordability. Price-conscious elevator businesses that provide
timely service are rewarded with service contracts and a glowing reputation in the local
commercial property community.

5) Outside Services

This Business provides services to keep the exterior of your building maintained. Some
outside services include pressure washing for your building’s exterior, parking lot
maintenance and lawn care. With a mix of regular clients and the occasional one-time clean-
up of unkempt properties, you can earn a steady, sustainable income. It might start as a sole
trader and then expand to take on staff, have plans from the start to employ a dedicated
workforce. Employing the right people will see your business thrive rather than flounder. A
recruitment strategy is important to identify the roles that you need to recruit for, the type of
candidates you’re looking for and the qualifications or experience required. For example, you
might need a manual labourer to help with the physical aspects, or you might require a part
time bookkeeper or sales administrator.

6) Construction Clean-up

If building is going through a remodel or expansion, construction debris can be unsightly and
even dangerous to employees, visitors and customers. Therefore, disposal of items left by the
construction crew is important. The start-up costs are low. Since it involves unskilled labour,
the field doesn't require any advanced academic degree or special training. Since you are
working on a job site, there is not much overhead for your headquarters. You can work on a
variety of sites, or choose to specialize in commercial or residential projects. You need not
maintain a large staff, but just hire extra workers on a contract basis to help with a job or to
take on more jobs.

7)Security Solutions:

This Business deals with providing private security for buildings. Recruiting right kind of
people with proper backgrounding is necessary for such business. This can be done on
contractual basis with management of building. Listening carefully to client concerns and
objectives to create customized security guard packages. Knowing what the client does not
know (bringing deep security expertise as well as knowledge of legal regulations and liability
to the table). Training security guards carefully and maintaining their training and
certifications (e.g. to carry firearms). Monitoring the quality of security guard service to offer
quality assurance

8)Accountancy Solutions:
This Business deals with Finance of Building Management because due to daily job role it
might be difficult for member who are managing Building to maintain all the record. This
business will manage all the record related to Finance and Maintenance cost of the Building
also maintaining proper Bank Account. This Business provide an assortment of financial
statements that help you gain insight into the building’s performance. A general ledger
provides an overview of all monetary transactions related to the property over a period of
time. Giving an explanation of each transaction ensures the Building management is aware of
each exchange and why it was needed. Business include operating activities which include
those revenues and expenses that come with property operations, such as rent, repairs,
supplies, property management fees and taxes. Giving bank statement which provides the
beginning balance, all transactions, interest earned and the ending balance.