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SC-GCM-84 CM Issue 2 © Copyright 2006 Spirax-Sarco Limited
Module 11.6
Selecting Steam Traps -
Canteen Equipment;
Oil Transfer /Storage;
Hospital Equipment
Application
FT FT-C TD BPT SM No.8 IB
range (float- range (Balanced (Bimetallic) (Liquid range
Steam trap: (float- thermostatic (Thermodynamic) pressure expansion) (Inverted
thermostatic) with steam thermostatic) bucket)
release)
Canteen equipment
Boiling pans - tilting B A2, 5
Boiling pans - fixed A B B1 B
Boiling pans - pedestal B A2, 5
Steaming ovens A2, 5
Hot plates B A2, 5
Hospital equipment
Autoclaves and sterilisers B B A5
Industrial dryers
Hot air dryers A B1 B
Drying coils B1 A B1
Multi-bank pipe dryers A B1 B B1
Drying cylinders B A B1
Multi-cylinder sizing machines B A B1
Laundry equipment
Garment presses B B A6
Ironers and calenders B A B1 B5
Tumbler dryers A B
Dry cleaning machines A B1
Presses
Multi-platen presses
B A6
(parallel connections)
Multi-platen presses
A1, 6
(series connections)
Tyre presses B B1 A B1
Process equipment
Boiling pans - fixed A B B1 B
Boiling pans - tilting B A
Retorts A
Industrial autoclaves A B1
Digesters A1 B1
Hot tables B B6 A2
Brewing coppers A1 B
Evaporators, calandrias A1 B B1
Vulcanisers A B1 (jacket only) B1
Steam mains
Pressure reducing valve station A B5
Horizontal runs B A B
Shutdown drain
B3 B A
(frost protection)
Separators A B B
Steam header drainage A B6 B
Terminal ends B A1 B1
Canteen Equipment
A - Best choice, B - Acceptable alternative, 1 (parallel air vent), 2 (with 1 m cooling leg), 5 ('near-to-steam' capsule).
Ball float- Ball float Thermodynamic Balanced Bimetallic Liquid Inverted
Application thermostatic FT-C pressure expansion bucket
Boiling pans - tilting B A 2, 5
Boiling pans - fixed A B B1 B
Boiling pans - pedestal B A 2, 5
Steaming ovens A 2, 5
Hotplates B A 2, 5
Air vent
Balanced pressure
steam trap
Condensate to
vented receiver
Fig. 11.6.1 Slow boiling tilting pan
Balanced pressure
steam trap
Condensate to
vented receiver
Fig. 11.6.2 Pedestal pan
Steam in
Air vent
Air vent
Balanced pressure
steam trap
Each
compartment
separately
trapped
Condensate
to waste
Figure 11.6.4 shows a kitchen hotplate fitted with a Fig 5 type strainer, close coupled to a balanced
pressure thermostatic steam trap, an ideal combination for this application.
Balanced pressure
steam trap
Condensate to
vented receiver
Fig. 11.6.4 Kitchen hotplate
Steam in
Steam in
Condensate to drain
Tank
Steam in
Condensate out
Steam in
Oil out
Oil in
Condensate
Fig. 11.6.8 Three section oil heater battery to drain
Outflow heaters
An outflow heater is a shell and tube heat exchanger installed in the side of a storage tank, which
heats the oil locally as it is pumped out of the tank. Automatic temperature control is usual and
Figure 11.6.9 shows a Spirax Sarco self-acting control with the sensor in the oil outlet, actuating
a valve in the steam supply.
The first choice is to use a float-thermostatic trap. If exposed to the elements, it should be
insulated. It is normal for condensate to be wasted due to the risk of contamination by the oil,
but if condensate is being returned and lifted up to a return main it is not recommended that it
is lifted by its own pressure, as flooding and waterhammer are likely at light loads. A pump /trap
installation may be used under these conditions.
Steam in
Oil
out Tank
Heater
To condensate system
Oil in
Float-thermostatic trap
Condensate to drain
Tracer lines
Tracer lines should be arranged to fall in the direction of steam flow and should not exceed
25 metres in length for 10 mm tracers or 50 metres for all larger sizes, each length being drained
by a balanced pressure thermostatic tracing trap or a thermodynamic trap. It is preferable to run
single tracers near the bottom of the product line, and where it is necessary to pass flanges, this
should be done with a horizontal loop to help maintain a continuous fall towards the trap.
Oil pipeline
Steam
Oil pipe tracing is not normally considered 'critical', and where condensate is discharged to
waste, a bimetallic trap or a balanced pressure thermostatic tracing trap (in the constant
temperature discharge mode) can be used. This will conserve energy and prevent unsightly flash
steam. However, if critical tracing is considered essential, a thermodynamic or balanced pressure
trap, discharging close to steam saturation, should be used.
A convenient method of supplying steam to large numbers of tracers on process lines, and for
draining condensate from them, is to use distribution and collection manifolds. These are shown
in Figure 11.6.11, along with universal steam traps, and pipeline connectors with integral isolation
valves. These allow traps to be changed quickly and without any downtime.
Process line
Steam
Tracer line Condensate
to return
Steam manifold
Steam traps Condensate manifold
Control system
Condensate to waste
Blowdown to waste
UTD steam trap with via a diffuser
pipeline connector
Fig. 11.6.11 Typical tracing application with steam and condensate manifolds
Jacketed pipes
When the temperature of the product is critical (because of the danger of solidification, burning
or vaporisation) the complete product pipeline is 'traced' with a steam jacket. This application is
often seen in 'sulfur' plants.
Jacketed pipes are generally constructed in not more than 6 m lengths and ideally, each length
should be separately trapped using a balanced pressure thermostatic tracing trap, (Figure 11.6.12),
or a TD trap.
Steam in Steam in
Steam jacket
It is, however, quite practical to join up to 4 lengths together, but it is important to join the
jackets both at the top and bottom (Figure 11.6.13) so that the steam and condensate can flow
freely and independently. It is worth noting, since many jacketed pipes are exposed to the
elements, that the steel bodies of the thermodynamic and balanced pressure traps are not
damaged by freezing.
Steam connection
Condensate connection
Fig. 11.6.13 Steam and condensate lines between connecting jackets
Hospital Equipment
A - Best choice, B - Acceptable alternative, 5 ('near-to-steam' capsule).
Application Ball float- Ball float Balanced Liquid Inverted
thermostatic FT-C Thermodynamic pressure Bimetallic expansion bucket
Autoclaves
and sterilisers B B A5
Safety
valve
Controller
Filter
Steam in
Jacket Steam
air trap
vent
Chamber
Condensate air vent
from separator
Autoclave
BPT type
steam traps Filtered steam
to chamber
Condensate
to fall to a Float-thermostatic trap
vented reciever
Fig. 11.6.14 Hospital autoclave with filtered steam supply
Questions
1. What steam traps are best suited to draining kitchen boiling pans?
a| Balanced pressure types ¨
b| Thermodynamic types ¨
c| Inverted bucket types ¨
d| Fixed orifice devices ¨
3. How should coils be run in large oil tanks to provide good service?
a| Horizontally ¨
b| Vertically ¨
c| Falling with the direction of steam flow ¨
d| Falling against the direction of steam flow ¨
Answers
1: a, 2: b, 3: c, 4: d, 5: c, 6: d