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 CLASS XII CBSE ( INFORMATICS PRACTICES/ COMPUTER SCIENCE)

SYLLABUS 2020-21
Informatics Practices
CLASS XI
Code No. 065
2020-2021

1. Prerequisite : None
2. Learning Outcomes :
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
● Identify the components of Computer System.
● Create Python programs using different data types, lists and dictionaries.
● Explain what is‘data’ and analyse using NumPy.
● Explain database concepts and Relational Database Management Systems.
● Retrieve and manipulate data in RDBMS using Structured Query Language ● Identify the Emerging trends in the
fields of Information Technology.

3. Distribution of Marks and Periods :

Unit No Unit Name Marks Periods Periods Total Period

Theory Practical

1 Introduction to Computer System 5 10 - 10

2 Introduction to Python 25 35 35 70

3 Data Handling using NumPy 15 28 15 43

4 Database concepts and the Structured 20 25 25 50

Query Language

5 Introduction to Emerging Trends 5 7 - 7

Practical 30 - - -

Total 100 105 75 180

4. Unit Wise syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer System

Introduction to computer and computing: evolution of computing devices, components of a Computer System and their
interconnections, Input/Output devices.
Computer Memory: Units of memory, types of memory – primary and secondary, data deletion, its recovery and related
security concerns.
Software: purpose and types – system and application software, generic and specific purpose software.

Unit 2: Introduction to Python

Basics of Python programming, Python interpreter - interactive and script mode, the structure of a program,
indentation, identifiers, keywords, constants, variables, types of operators, precedence of operators, data types,
mutable and immutable data types, statements, expressions, evaluation and comments, input and output statements,
data type conversion, debugging. Control Statements: if-else, for loop
Lists: list operations - creating, initializing, traversing and manipulating lists, list methods and built-in functions. Dictionary:
concept of key-value pair, creating, initializing, traversing, updating and deleting elements, dictionary methods and built-in
functions.

Unit 3: Data Handling using NumPy

Data and its purpose, importance of data, structured and unstructured data, data processing cycle, basic statistical
methods for understanding data - mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance. Introduction to NumPy library,
NumPy arrays and their advantage, creation of NumPy arrays; indexing, slicing, and iteration; concatenating and splitting
array;
Arithmetic operations on one Dimensional and two Dimensional arrays.
Calculating max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance on NumPy arrays.

Unit 4: Database concepts and the Structured Query Language

Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need, Database Management System. Relational data
model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key.
Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query Language and Data
Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, Creating a database using MySQL, Data Types Data Definition:
CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE.
Data Query: SELECT, FROM, WHERE.
Data Manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

Unit 5: Introduction to the Emerging Trends

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Immersive experience (AR, VR), Robotics, Big data
and its characteristics, Internet of Things (IoT), Sensors, Smart cities, Cloud Computing and Cloud Services (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS);
Grid Computing, Block chain technology.
Practical Marks Distribution
S.No. Unit Name Marks

1 Problem solving using Python programming language 8

2 Problem solving using NumPy 5

3 Creating database using MySQL and performing Queries 5

4 7
Practical file (minimum of 20 python programs , 5 Numpy programs and 20
SQL queries)

5 Viva-Voce 5

Total 30

5. Suggested Practical List :

5.1 PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON

1. To find average and grade for given marks.
2. To find sale price of an item with given cost and discount (%).
3. To calculate perimeter/circumference and area of shapes such as triangle, rectangle, square and circle.
4. To calculate Simple and Compound interest.
5. To calculate profit-loss for given Cost and Sell Price.
6. To calculate EMI for Amount, Period and Interest.
7. To calculate tax - GST / Income Tax.
8. To find the largest and smallest numbers in a list.
9. To find the third largest/smallest number in a list.
10. To find the sum of squares of the first 100 natural numbers.
11. To print the first ‘n’ multiples of given number.
12. To count the number of vowels in user entered string.
13. To print the words starting with a particular alphabet in a user entered string.
14. To print number of occurrence of a given alphabet in a given string.
15. Create a dictionary to store names of states and their capitals.
16. Create a dictionary of students to store names and marks obtained in 5 subjects.
17. To print the highest and lowest values in the dictionary.

5.2 NUMPY PROGRAM

18. To create an array of 1D containing numeric values 0 to 9.
 19. To create a NumPy array with all values as 0.
20. To extract values at odd numbered position from a NumPy array.
21. To create a 1-D array having 12 elements usinf arange(). Now, convert this array into a 2-D array with size 4X3.
22. To perform basic arithmetic operations on 1D and 2D array .

5.3 DATA MANAGEMENT: SQL COMMANDS

23. To create a database
24. To create student table with the student id, class, section, gender, name, dob, and marks as attributes where the
student id is the primary key.
25. To insert the details of at least 10 student in the above table.
26. To delete the details of a particular student in the above table.
27. To increase marks by 5% for those students who have Rno more than 20.
28. To display the entire content of table.
29. To display Rno, Name and Marks of those students who are scoring marks more than 50.
30. To find the average of marks from the student table.
31. To find the number of students, who are from section ‘A’.
32. To add a new column email in the above table with appropriate data type.
33. To add the email ids of each student in the previously created email column.
34. To display the information all the students, whose name starts with ‘AN’ (Examples: ANAND, ANGAD,..)
35. To display Rno, Name, DOB of those students who are born between ‘2005- 01-01’ and ‘2005-12-31’.
36. To display Rno, Name, DOB, Marks, Email of those male students in ascending order of their names.
37. To display Rno, Gender, Name, DOB, Marks, Email in descending order of their marks.
38. To display the unique section available in the table.

Reference:
NCERT Informatics Practices - Text book for class - XI
 Informatics Practices
CLASS XII
Code No. 065
2020-2021

1. Prerequisite: Informatics Practices – Class XI

2. Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
● Create Series, Data frames and apply various operations.
● Perform aggregation operations, calculate descriptive statistics.
● Visualize data using relevant graphs.
● Design SQL queries using aggregate functions.
● Import/Export data between SQL database and Pandas.
● Learn terminology related to networking and internet.
● Identify internet security issues and configure browser settings.
● Explain the impact of technology on society including gender and disability issues.

3. Distribution of Marks and Periods

Unit Unit Name Marks Periods Periods Total Period
No Theory Practical

1 Data Handling using Pandas and Data 30 50 40 90

Visualization

2 Database Query using SQL 25 30 22 52

3 Introduction to Computer Networks 7 12 2 14

4 Societal Impacts 8 14 - 14

Project - - 10 10

Practical 30 - - -

Total 100 106 74 180

4. Unit Wise syllabus

Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas and Data Visualization Data
Handling using Pandas -I
Introduction to Python libraries- Pandas, Matplotlib.
Data structures in Pandas - Series and Data Frames.
Series: Creation of Series from – ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; Head and Tail functions;
Selection, Indexing and Slicing.
Data Frames: creation - from dictionary of Series, list of dictionaries, Text/CSV files; display; iteration; Operations on rows
and columns: add, select, delete, rename; Head and Tail functions; Indexing using Labels, Boolean Indexing; Joining,
Merging and Concatenation.
Importing/Exporting Data between CSV files and Data Frames.

Data handling using Pandas – II

Descriptive Statistics: max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, quartile, Standard deviation, variance.
DataFrame operations: Aggregation, group by, Sorting, Deleting and Renaming Index, Pivoting.
Handling missing values – dropping and filling.
Importing/Exporting Data between MySQL database and Pandas.

Data Visualization
Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving following types of plots using Matplotlib – line plot, bar graph, histogram, pie chart,
frequency polygon, box plot and scatter plot.
Customizing plots: color, style (dashed, dotted), width; adding label, title, and legend in plots.

Unit 2: Database Query using SQL

Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().
Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR
(), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().
Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().
Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*).
Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.
Operations on Relations - Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN

Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks

Introduction to networks, Types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN.
Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway
Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.
Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.
Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic web page, web server and hosting
of a website.
Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug-ins, cookies.

Unit 4: Societal Impacts

Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing
and copyright, free and open source software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying,
overview of Indian IT Act.
E-waste: hazards and management.
Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology.
Project Work
The aim of the class project is to create tangible and useful IT application. The learner may identify a real-world problem by
exploring the environment. e.g. Students can visit shops/business places, communities or other organizations in their localities
and enquire about functioning of the organization, and how data are generated, stored and managed. The learner can
take data stored in csv or database file and analyze using Python libraries and generate appropriate charts to visualize. If
an organization is maintaining data offline, then the learner should create a database using MySQL and store the data in
tables. Data can be imported in Pandas for analysis and visualization.
Learners can use Python libraries of their choice to develop software for their school or any other social good. Learners
should be sensitized to avoid plagiarism and violation of copyright issues while working on projects. Teachers should take
necessary measures for this. Any resources (data, image etc.) used in the project must be suitably referenced.
The project can be done individually or in groups of 2 to 3 students. The project should be started by students at least 6
months before the submission deadline.

Practical Marks Distribution

S.No. Unit Name Marks

1 Programs using Pandas and Matplotlib 8

2 SQL Queries 5

3 5
Practical file (minimum of 20 programs based on Pandas , 5 based on
Matplotlib and 20 SQL queries must be included)

4 Project Work (using concepts learned in class XI and XII) 7

5 Viva-Voce 5

TOTAL 30
5. Suggested Practical List
5.1 DATA HANDLING
1. Create a pandas series from a dictionary of values and an ndarray
2. Given a Series, print all the elements that are above the 75th percentile.
3. Create a Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name, and expenditure.
Group the rows by the category, and print the total expenditure per category.
4. Create a data frame based on ecommerce data and generate descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode,
quartile, and variance)
5. Create a data frame for examination result and display row labels, column labels data types of each column and
the dimensions
6. Filter out rows based on different criteria such as duplicate rows..
7. Find the sum of each column, or find the column with the lowest mean.
8. Locate the 3 largest values in a data frame.
9. Subtract the mean of a row from each element of the row in a Data Frame.
10. Replace all negative values in a data frame with a 0.
11. Replace all missing values in a data frame with a 999.
12. Importing and exporting data between pandas and CSV file
13. Importing and exporting data between pandas and MySQL database

5.2 VISUALIZATION
14. Given the school result data, analyse the performance of the students on different parameters, e.g subject wise or
class wise.
15. For the Data frames created above, analyze and plot appropriate charts with title and legend.
16. Take data of your interest from an open source (e.g. data.gov.in), aggregate and summarize it. Then plot it using
different plotting functions of the Matplotlib library.

5.3 DATA MANAGEMENT

17. Create a student table with the student id, name, and marks as attributes where the student id is the primary key.
18. Insert the details of a new student in the above table.
19. Delete the details of a particular student in the above table.
20. Use the select command to get the details of the students with marks more than 80.
21. Create a new table (order ID, customer Name, and order Date) by joining two tables (order ID, customer ID, and
order Date) and (customer ID, customer Name, contact Name, country).
22. Create a foreign key in one of the two tables mentioned above
23. Find the min, max, sum, and average of the marks in a student marks table.
24. Find the total number of customers from each country in the table (customer ID, customer Name, country) using
group by.
25. Create a new table (name, date of birth) by joining two tables (student id, name) and (student id, date of birth).
26. Write a SQL query to order the (student ID, marks) table in descending order of the marks.
5.4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS
27. Download, install and configure browser.

Reference:
NCERT Informatics Practices - Text book for class - XII
 Computer Science
CLASS-XI
Code No. 083
2020-21
1. Learning Outcomes

• Ability to understand and apply basic computational thinking.

• Ability to understand the notion of data types and data structures and apply in different situations.
• Ability to appreciate the notion of an algorithm and apply its structure including how algorithms handle
corner cases.
• Ability to develop a basic understanding of computer systems - architecture, operating system, mobile
and cloud computing.
• Ability to work in the cyber world with understanding of cyber ethics, cyber safety and cybercrime
• Ability to make use the value of technology in societies, gender and disability issues and the technology
behind biometric ids.

2. Distribution of Marks

Unit Name
Periods
Unit
No. Theory
Marks Theory Practical

I Computer Systems and Organisation 10 10 10

II Computational Thinking and Programming - 1 45 80 60

III Society, Law and Ethics 15 20 ----

Total 70 110 70

Unit I: Computer Systems and Organisation

● Basic computer organisation: description of a computer system and mobile system, CPU, memory, hard disk,
I/O, battery.

● Types of software: Application software, System software and Utility software.

● Memory Units: bit, byte, MB, GB, TB, and PB.

● Boolean logic: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, NOT, truth tables and
De Morgan’s laws, Logic circuits
● Number System: numbers in base 2, 8, 16 and binary addition.

● Encoding Schemes: ASCII, UTF8, UTF32, ISCII and Unicode.

● Concept of Compiler and Interpreter

● Operating System (OS) - need for an operating system, brief introduction to functions of OS, user
interface

● Concept of cloud computing and cloud services (SaaS,IaaS,PaaS), cloud (public/private), Blockchain
technology

Unit II: Computational Thinking and Programming - 1

Introduction to Problem solving: Problem solving cycle - Analysing a problem, designing algorithms and
representation of algorithm using flowchart and pseudo-code.

Decomposition - concept, need for decomposing a problem, examples of problem solving using
decomposition.

Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: a simple “hello world" program, the process of writing a
program (Interactive & Script mode), running it and print statements; simple data-types: integer, float and
string.

● Features of Python, Python Character Set, Token & Identifiers, Keywords, Literals, Delimiters, Operators.
● Comments: (Single line & Multiline/ Continuation statements), Clarity & Simplification of expression
● Introduce the notion of a variable and methods to manipulate it (concept of L-value and R-value even if not
taught explicitly).
● Knowledge of data types and operators: accepting input from the console, assignment statement,
expressions, operators and their precedence.
● Operators & types: Binary operators-Arithmetic, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Augmented
Assignment Operators.
● Execution of a program, errors- syntax error, run-time error and logical error.
● Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else; simple programs: e.g.: absolute value, sort 3 numbers and
divisibility of a number.
● Notion of iterative computation and control flow: for(range(),len()), while, using flowcharts, suggested
programs: calculation of simple and compound interests, finding the factorial of a positive number etc.
● Strings: Traversal, operations – concatenation, repetition, membership; functions/methods–len(), capitalize(),
title(), upper(), lower(), count(), find(), index(), isalnum(), islower(), isupper(), isspace(), isalpha(), isdigit(), split(),
partition(), strip(), lstrip(), rstrip(), replace(); String slicing.
● Lists: Definition, Creation of a list, Traversal of a list. Operations on a list - concatenation, repetition,
membership; functions/methods–len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(), index(), remove(), pop(),
reverse(), sort(), min(), max(), sum(); Lists Slicing; Nested lists; finding the maximum, minimum, mean of numeric
values stored in a list; linear search on list of numbers and counting the frequency of elements in a list.
● Tuples: Definition, Creation of a Tuple, Traversal of a tuple. Operations on a tuple - concatenation, repetition,
membership; functions/methods – len(), tuple(), count(), index(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum(); Nested tuple;
Tuple slicing; finding the minimum, maximum, mean of values stored in a tuple; linear search on a tuple of
numbers, counting the frequency of elements in a tuple.
● Dictionary: Definition, Creation, Accessing elements of a dictionary, add an item, modify an item in a
dictionary; Traversal, functions/methods – len(), dict(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), del(), del,
clear(), fromkeys(), copy(), pop(), popitem(), setdefault(), max(), min(), count(), sorted() copy(); Suggested
programs : count the number of times a character appears in a given string using a dictionary, create a
dictionary with names of employees, their salary and access them.
● Sorting algorithm: bubble and insertion sort; count the number of operations while sorting.
● Introduction to Python modules: Importing math module (pi, e, sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs, sin, cos, tan);
random module (random, randint, randrange), statistics module (mean, median, mode).

Unit III: Society, Law and Ethics

 ● Cyber safety: safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, social networks, cyber trolls and
bullying.
● Appropriate usage of social networks: spread of rumours, and common social networking sites (Twitter,
LinkedIn, and Facebook) and specific usage rules.
● Safely accessing web sites: adware, malware, viruses, trojans
● Safely communicating data: secure connections, eavesdropping, phishing and identity verification.
● Intellectual property rights, plagiarism, digital rights management, and licensing (Creative Commons, GPL
and Apache), open source, open data, privacy.
● Privacy laws, fraud; cyber-crime- phishing, illegal downloads, child pornography, scams; cyber forensics, IT
Act, 2000.
● Technology and society:
● understanding of societal issues and cultural changes induced by technology.
● E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets.
● Identity theft, unique ids and biometrics.
● Gender and disability issues while teaching and using computers.

3. Practical

S.No. Area Marks

(Total=30)

1. Lab Test (12 marks)

Python program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality) 12

2. Report File + Viva (10 marks)

Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs 7

Viva voce 3

3. Project (8 marks)
(that uses most of the concepts that have been learnt See CS-XII for the rules regarding the
projects)

4. Suggested Practical List

Python Programming

● Input a welcome message and display it.

● Input two numbers and display the larger / smaller number.

● Input three numbers and display the largest / smallest number.

● Given two integers x and n, compute 𝑥 .

● Write a program to input the value of x and n and print the sum of the following series:
 1+x+x2+x3+x4+.............xn
1-x+x2-x3+x4-.............xn
x + x2 - x3 + x4 - .............xn
2 3 4 n
x + x2 - x3 + x4 - .............xn 2! 3!
4! n!
● Determine whether a number is a perfect number, an armstrong number or a palindrome.

● Input a number and check if the number is a prime or composite number.

● Display the terms of a Fibonacci series.

● Compute the greatest common divisor and least common multiple of two integers.

● Count and display the number of vowels, consonants, uppercase, lowercase characters in string.

● Input a string and determine whether it is a palindrome or not; convert the case of characters in a string.

● Find the largest/smallest number in a list/tuple

● Input a list of numbers and swap elements at the even location with the elements at the odd location.

● Input a list of elements, sort in ascending/descending order using Bubble/Insertion sort.

● Input a list/tuple of elements, search for a given element in the list/tuple.

● Input a list of numbers and test if a number is equal to the sum of the cubes of its digits. Find the smallest and
largest such number from the given list of numbers.

● Create a dictionary with the roll number, name and marks of n students in a class and display the names of
students who have marks above 75.
 Computer Science
2020-21
CLASS-XII
Code No. 083

1. Prerequisites

Computer Science- Class XI

2. Learning Outcomes

• Apply the concept of functions and recursion.

• Ability to create and use Python libraries.
• Apply the concept of file handling.
• Make use of the concept of efficiency in algorithms and computing in general.
• Ability to use basic data structures: Stacks and Queues.
• Explain the basics of computer networks.
• Ability to use connectivity between Python and SQL.

3. Distribution of Marks:
Unit No. Unit Name Theory Periods

Marks
Theory Practical

Computational Thinking and

40 70 50
I Programming - 2

Computer Networks 10 15 ---

II

Database Management 20 25 20
III
Total 70 110 70

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2

● Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI.

● Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects, passing strings,
lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions, default parameters, positional parameters, return values, functions
using libraries: mathematical and string functions.
● File handling: Need for a data file, Types of file: Text files, Binary files and CSV (Comma separated values)
files.
● Text File: Basic operations on a text file: Open (filename – absolute or relative path, mode) / Close a text
file, Reading and Manipulation of data from a text file, Appending data into a text file, standard input
/ output and error streams, relative and absolute paths.
 ● Binary File: Basic operations on a binary file: Open (filename – absolute or relative path, mode) / Close
a binary file, Pickle Module – methods load and dump; Read, Write/Create, Search, Append and
Update operations in a binary file.
● CSV File: Import csv module, functions – Open / Close a csv file, Read from a csv file and Write into a
csv file using csv.reader ( ) and csv.writerow( ).
● Using Python libraries: create and import Python libraries.
● Recursion: simple algorithms with recursion: print a message forever, sum of first n natural numbers,
factorial, Fibonacci numbers; recursion on arrays: binary search.
● Idea of efficiency: performance measurement in terms of the number of operations.
● Data-structures: Lists as covered in Class XI, Stacks – Push, Pop using a list, Queues – Insert, Delete using
a list.

Unit II: Computer Networks

● Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different ways of sending data across the
network with reference to switching techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).
● Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer
rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps).
● Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link
and satellite link.
● Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway, WiFi card.
● Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN.
● Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, Remote Login (Telnet) and
Internet, Wireless / Mobile Communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL.
● Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G; Mobile processors;
Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, Protocols for Chat and Video Conferencing: VoIP,
Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax
● Network Security Concepts:
Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams
Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https;
India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.
● Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language
(XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web Servers;
Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB Script, Java Script, PHP) and Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP),
Web 2.0 (for social networking)
● E-commerce payment transactions using online banking, mobile banking, payment apps and services.

Unit III: Database Management

Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need.

Relational data model: Concept of domain, relation, tuple, attribute, degree, cardinality, key,
primary key, candidate key, alternate key and foreign key;

Structured Query Language:

General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition

Language and Data Manipulation Language;

Data Types: number / decimal, character / varchar / varchar2, date;

SQL commands: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER
TABLE, UPDATE ....SET...., INSERT, DELETE; SELECT,
DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, NULL / IS
NULL, ORDER BY,GROUP BY, HAVING;

SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) and MIN ( );

Joins: equi-join and natural join

 Interface of Python with an SQL database
- Connecting SQL with Python
- Creating Database connectivity Applications
- Performing Insert, Update, Delete queries
- Display data by using fetchone(),fetchall(),rowcount

4. Practical

S. No. Marks
Area (Total=30)

1 Lab Test:
1. Python program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20%
code quality) 7
2. Small Python program that sends a SQL query to a 5
database and displays the result. A stub program can be
provided.

2 Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs. Out of this at least 4 7

programs should send SQL
commands to a database and retrieve the result

3 Project (that uses the concepts that have been learnt in Class 11
and 12) 8

4 Viva voce 3

5. Suggested Practical List:

Python Programming
● Recursively find the factorial of a natural number.
● Write a recursive code to find the sum of all elements of a list.
● Write a recursive code to compute the nth Fibonacci number.
● Read a text file line by line and display each word separated by a #.
● Read a text file and display the number of vowels/ consonants/ uppercase/ lowercase characters in
the file.
● Create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given roll number and display the name,
if not found display appropriate message.
● Create a binary file with roll number, name and marks. Input a roll number and update the marks.
● Remove all the lines that contain the character `a' in a file and write it to another file.
● Write a random number generator that generates random numbers between 1 and 6 (simulates a dice).
● Write a Python program to implement a stack and queue using a list data-structure.
● Take a sample of ten phishing e-mails (or any text file) and find most commonly occurring word(s)

Database Management
● Create a student table and insert data. Implement the following SQL commands on the student table:
ALTER table to add new attributes / modify data type / drop attribute
UPDATE table to modify data
ORDER By to display data in ascending / descending order
DELETE to remove tuple(s)
GROUP BY and find the min, max, sum, count and average ● Similar exercise may be framed
for other cases.
● Integrate SQL with Python by importing the MySQL module.
6. Project

The aim of the class project is to create something that is tangible and useful using Python / Python and SQL
connectivity. This should be done in groups of two to three students and should be started by students at least
6 months before the submission deadline. The aim here is to find a real world problem that is worthwhile to
solve.

Students are encouraged to visit local businesses and ask them about the problems that they are facing. For
example, if a business is finding it hard to create invoices for filing GST claims, then students can do a project
that takes the raw data (list of transactions), groups the transactions by category, accounts for the GST tax
rates, and creates invoices in the appropriate format. Students can be extremely creative here. They can use
a wide variety of Python libraries to create user friendly applications such as games, software for their school,
software for their disabled fellow students, and mobile applications, Of course to do some of these projects,
some additional learning is required; this should be encouraged. Students should know how to teach
themselves.

The students should be sensitized to avoid plagiarism and violations of copyright issues while working on projects.
Teachers should take necessary measures for this.
 ABOUT PROJECT
1. We provide projects as per the guidelines given by the affiliated board.

2. Project will cover everything according to the board syllabus.

3. Sample project will be provided to you to give you some idea about the
project.

4. Project is chargeable but affordable. Infact, there is a discount allowed for

taking two or more projects!

5. You will get it via Gmail and Whatsapp.

6. More assistance is provided in case the respective teachers have issued any
specific guideline or asked for a change.

7. Projects are fully furnished and make you score well.

FOR MORE INFO, MSG US ANYTIME ON WHATSAPP @ 6398738294

FOR INSTANCE RESPONSE.