Multiple

choice test on 15.2 Entropy &

spontaneity
Use the following 'quiz' to test your knowledge and understanding of this sub-topic. You will need access to a
periodic table (Section 6 of the IB data booklet).

If you get an answer wrong, read through the explanation carefully to learn from your mistakes.

Which is a correct statement about entropy?

  Entropy refers to the distribution of available energy among the particles.

  The more ordered a system the higher the entropy.

  Absolute entropy cannot be measured, all that can be measured is the change in entropy, ΔS.

  The units of entropy are J K−1.

Which is a correct statement about the Gibbs free energy change, ΔG?

  ΔG and ΔH both have the units of kJ mol−1.

  The value of ΔG always becomes more positive as the temperature increases.

  ΔG = ΔH −TS

  For spontaneous reactions the value of ΔG is always positive.

Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?

  Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

  3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)

  AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

  2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

 
Which are correct statements about the standard entropy change at 298 K for the following reaction?

2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)

I. ΔS⦵ = 2S⦵(CO2) − 2S⦵(CO) − S⦵(O2)

II. S⦵(O2) = 0

III. ΔS⦵ has a negative value

  II and III only

  I and II only

  I and III only

  I, II and III

Which is a correct statement concerning the following reaction?

CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)    ΔH⦵ = + 178 kJ mol−1

  The reaction is non-spontaneous at all temperatures.

  The reaction will become non-spontaneous above a certain temperature.

  The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.

  The reaction will become spontaneous above a certain temperature

Which is a correct statement concerning the following exothermic reaction?

(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)  N2(g) + Cr2O3(s) + 4H2O(g)   

  The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.

  The reaction will become spontaneous above a certain temperature.

  The reaction is non-spontaneous at all temperatures.

  The reaction will become non-spontaneous above a certain temperature.

 
What is the value of ΔG⦵ for the hydrogenation of but-1-ene at 298 K?

H3CCH2CH=CH2(g) + H2(g) H3CCH2CH2CH3(g) ΔH⦵ = − 124 kJ mol−1

Given:

ΔGf⦵(but-1-ene) = −17.0 kJ mol−1

ΔGf⦵(butane) = − 71.0 kJ mol−1

  There is insufficient data provided to calculate the value.

  − 88.0 kJ mol−1

  − 54.0 kJ mol−1

  + 88.0 kJ mol−1

What is the value of ΔS⦵ for the hydrogenation of but-1-ene at 298 K?

H3CCH2CH=CH2(g) + H2(g) H3CCH2CH2CH3(g) ΔH⦵ = − 124 kJ mol−1

Given:
S⦵ (but-1-ene) = +306 J K−1 mol−1
S⦵ (butane) = +310 J K−1 mol−1

  − 616 J K−1 mol−1

  There is insufficient data provided to calculate the value

  + 616 J K−1 mol−1

  + 4 J K−1 mol−1

Which expression will give the temperature above which the reaction between hydrogen and ethene will cease to
be spontaneous?

C2H4(g) + H2(g) C2H6(g) ΔH⦵ = − 124 kJ mol−1

  − 124 ÷ ΔS⦵

  (124 x 1000) ÷ ΔS⦵

  (− 124 − ΔG⦵) ÷ ΔS⦵

  − 124 ÷ (ΔS⦵ x 10-3)

 
Which statements are correct about spontaneous reactions at 298 K?

I. (ΔH⦵ − 298ΔS⦵) < 0

II. The value of ΔG⦵ does not give any information about the rate of the spontaneous reaction.

III. The reaction will not necessarily also be spontaneous at 398 K.

  I and III only

  II and III only

  I and II only

  I, II and III