DENT 2543:

Chapter 2 – SSB (Single Side-

band) Communication System
OUTLINE

▪ Conventional AM DSB
▪ The SSB
▪ Comparison of AM DSB and SSB
▪ Advantages and disadvantages of SSB transmission
▪ Operation of SSB modulator
▪ SSB transmitter and receiver
▪ SSB and Freq Div Multiplexing (FDM)
CONVENTIONAL AM DSB

▪ Conventional AM → AM DSB FC = AM Double Side Band

Full Carrier
▪3 elements in AM band: Carrier, LSB, USB

fm LSB USB
fc f
AM DSB FC

▪ BW → two side band → LSB & USB -> contains same info.
▪ Power → Pc = 2/3 total transmitted power
Pusb = Plsb = 1/6 total transmitted power
• Any disadvantages?
CONVENTIONAL AM DSB

▪ BW → two side band → LSB and USB → contains same

information. ← inefficient

▪ Power → PC = 2/3 total transmitter power.

PUSB = PLSB = 1/6 total transmitter power.

PSB 1/ 3
▪ Efficiency=  = 33.3% ← inefficient
PTot (1 / 3)  (2 / 3)
.: conventional AM → have 2 inherent disadvantages :
a. inefficiency BW and
b. inefficiency in Power
CONVENTIONAL AM DSB

fm LSB USB
AM DSB FC
fc f

▪ Is the AM DSB FC can be improve?

YES
→ modern electronic comm. → single side band
THE SSB

▪ Recognized in 1923
▪ Various type of SSB
▪ AM SSB FC
▪ AM SSB SC (Suppressed Carrier)
▪ AM SSB RC (Reduced Carrier)
▪ AM Independent side band
▪ AM Vestigial

▪ SSB → conserve Power

BW
Both
COMPARISON OF AM DSB AND SSB

▪ Comparison → have a look at Power and BW

▪ AM SSB Reduced Carrier

▪ The voltage carrier reduced to 10%
▪ Transmitted power almost the same Pusb
COMPARISON OF AM DSB AND SSB

▪ Carrier modulated by 2 different signal = stereo modulation, reduce

power carrier. Conserve BW and power

▪ Transmit carrier, one full side band and part of other side band
▪ Lower freq of signal → transmit double side → benefit 100%
modulation
▪ High freq of signal → transmit single side→ benefit 50% modulation
▪ Used in television broadcast signal system
Comparison of Freq Spectra & Power Distribution for
Conventional AM and Several SSB Systems

▪ a)conventional DSB FC AM; b) full-carrier single sideband;

c) suppressed-carrier single sideband
Comparison of Freq Spectra & Power Distribution for
Conventional AM and Several SSB Systems

▪ d)reduced-carrier single sideband; e) independent

sideband; f) vestigial sideband
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SSB
TRANSMISSION

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Power conservation 1. Complex receiver
a) Reduce carrier power , reduce Need carrier recovery synch circuits
side band power → Reduce total a) Expensive
power → efficiency increase b) Bigger size
2. BW conservation
a) Decrease BW = decrease noise 2. Tuning difficulties
power a) Need accurate
b) Can put more channel in b) Expensive
spectrum
3. Selective fading
a) decrease side band and
suppressed carrier = decrease
transmission impairment →
quality increase
4. Noise reduction → S/N increase
Comparison of SSB and AM DSB FC on Power and BW

AM SSB SC AM DSB FC Improvement

Total 0.5 Pc 1.5 Pc (1.5/0.5)
Power = 3 = 4.8 dB
Bandwidth 1 fm 2 fm 2/1=2
(BW) = 3 dB
Total Improvement 7.8 dB
Example

▪ Question:

You are given

vi(t) = modulating signal
vc(t) = unmodulated signal
Write Mathematical expression:
a. VAM(t) for AM DSB FC
b. VAM(t) for AM DSB SC
Example

▪Solution:
Mathematical expression
Vi(t) = Em sin (2πfmt)
Vc(t) = Ec sin (2πfct)

• AM DSB FC
VAM(t) = Ec sin(2 fct) +
½(Ec.m)[ - cos (2 (fc + fm)t) + cos (2 (fc - fm)t)]

• AM SSB SC
 VAM(t) = ½(Ec.m)[ - cos (2 (fc + fm)t) ]
Comparison of AM Transmission Systems Waveform
Comparison of AM Transmission Systems Waveform

▪ SSB FC waveform, 100% modulation

▪ SSB SC waveform
OPERATION OF SSB MODULATOR

▪ How to generate SSB signal?

▪ Is it same with generating AM DSB signal ?

→ Use AM Modulator?
SSB Signal Generation

▪ By using SSB modulator

Balanced Ring Modulator Balanced Bridge Modulator
Balanced Ring Modulator

a) Schematic diagram; b) D1 and D2 biased on; c) D3 and D4

biased on
Balanced Bridge Modulator

a) Schematic diagram; b) Diodes biased off; c) diodes biased

on; d) output waveform
SSB TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

▪ Classification of SSB Transmitter

SSB Transmitter:
• Filter Method
• Single conversion (one time filtering)
• Three conversion (three times filtering)
• Phase Shift Method (one of the signal is phase shifted)
▪ Classification of SSB Receiver
SSB Receiver:
• SSB BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) receiver
• Non coherent
• Coherent
• SSB Envelope Detection receiver
SSB Transmitter
Example

• Question:
Given the spectrum side band and BPF below.
Determine the specification required of it’s BPF (fcut off low,
fcut off high, BW and Q)
Example

▪ Solution:

From figure, we see

fcut off low = 22.1 MHz, fcut off high = 22.105 MHz
BW = fcut off high – fcut off low = 22.105 – 22.1 = 5 kHz
Q = fc/B, fc = (fcut off high + fcut off low)/2 = 22.1025 MHz
22.1025
∴𝑄= ≈ 4000 This BPF (big Q) is
0.005 difficult to make
SSB Transmitter – Filter Method (Single Conversion)

▪ Have disadvantages
▪ BW = fixed; Q increases rapidly with fc
▪ Direct filtering only an option at lower carrier frequencies

▪ How to improve?
use three times filtering = three conversion, with using
small Q BPF
SSB Transmitter – Filter Method (Three Conversion)
Filter Method with Three Conversion
SSB Transmitter – Phase Shift Method

▪ Also known as Direct Method

SSB Transmitter – Phase Shift Method

▪ Mathematically, we can express the output as:

SSB Receiver – Non Coherent BFO
SSB Receiver – Coherent BFO
SSB Receiver – Envelope Detection
Comparison SSB BFO Coherent/Non Coherent &
Envelope Detection Receiver

BFO BFO Non Envelope

Item
Coherent Coherent Detection
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
SSB AND FREQ DIV MULTIPLEXING (FDM)

▪ Multiplexing
▪ isa way of sending multiple signals or streams of
information over a communications link at the same time in
the form of a single, complex signal
▪ Demultiplexing
▪ the receiver recovers the separate signals
▪ FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) is an analog method
of combining two or more analog sources that originally
occupied the same frequency band in such a manner that
the channel do not interfere with each other
▪ Efficient in link usage
With or Without Multiplexing
SSB SC FDM System: Block Diagram
SSB SC FDM System: Output Frequency Spectrum
Example