DNA TYPING

By:
Dr. Jun Cariňo Corpuz
RMT.,RN.,MACT.,US-RN.,PH.D.
DOH Certified Drug Analyst

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DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Fundamental building of an
individual’s entire genetic make-up.
- It is a component of virtually every
cell in the human body
- Person’s DNA is the same in every
cell
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DNA Typing
- Is a procedure wherein the DNA
extracted from a biological sample
is tested.
- The DNA is processed to provide
identification of genetic sequences
- Newest tool for personal
identification
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 Principle Concepts of
Association
a. Identification
- An item can be identified when it
can be placed into a class of
items with similar characteristics
b. Individualization
- No other item in the universe is
like it
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Edmuntd Locard Theory
- The theory that made the
concepts of identification and
individualization applicable in the
context of criminal and civil
litigation

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Principle of Transfer
- When 2 objects comes in contact,
traces form one will be transferred
from one another, in both direction

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Collection and Preservation
- DNA is packed very tightly in the
chromosomes of the cell
- From the moment biological
material is out of the body, it is in
foreign environment and changes
begin to take place.

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Factors: Degradation of DNA

a. Contamination
- Dyes, soaps, chemicals
- DNA from other organisms
- Microorganisms
b. Time
c. Temperature
d. Humidity e. Light (UV and SUN)
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Collection of Evidence
a. Stained items directly
- Scrapping (sterile)
- Rehydrating stain with distilled
water, soaking it to clean cotton
b. Preservation:
- Must be dried
- Stored frozen
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Kinds of Samples (Nucleus)
a. Blood(wbc) and stains
b. Semen and stains
c. Saliva
d. Bones
e. Internal Organs
f. Hair roots or Follicles

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STR DNA Typing
Short Term Repeat
- New procedure used in the United
States and other countries
- Application of DNA for human
identification

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When is a DNA Typing Needed?
1. DNA Fingerprinting/Typing
- Match the suspect of crime in :
a. Alleged Rape
b. Alleged Murder/homicide
c. Found dead bodies

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2. Identifies victims of mass disaster:
a. Plane Crash
b. Ship Wrekage
c. Fire Disaster
d. Other mass disaster
3. Establish paternity/maternity
- Inheritance lawsuits to link
consanguinity
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Forensic DNA Systems
1. RFLP Analysis
- Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism
- 1st Technique adopted for
forensic DNA analysis
- Method of choice for determining
whether a single sample contains
DNA from more than one person
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2. PCR Amplification
- Polymerase Chain Reaction a
general technique for increasing the
amount of a specific section of DNA
in sample.
Amplification:
- Often referred to as molecular
“Xeroxing”.
- DNA is copied
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