The Humanistic Tradition 7th Edition by Gloria K. Fiero - Test Bank

The Humanistic Tradition 7th Edition by
Gloria K. Fiero – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 03
India, China, and the Americas

Multiple Choice Questions
1. In India, religion is grounded in ________, the belief in an

all-pervading divine spirit.
A.polytheism
B. pantheism
C. omnicseism
D. animism

Learning Objective: Compare pantheism in early Hinduism and
the beliefs of ancient Mesopotamia.
Topic: Hindu pantheism
Topic: Indus Valley civilization
Topic: Philosophy and Religion
2. The ancient history of the Americas is not as easily

understood as that of India and China because
A.we know of the peoples only from their artifacts.
B. there were more varieties and numbers of cultures in
the Americas.
C. written records were not kept.
D. All these answers are correct.

Learning Objective: Compare early Western civilization in Peru
to Mesopotamia, Africa, India and China.
Topic: Ancient Peru
Topic: History
Topic: Olmecs

3. Ancient India developed the most rigid social hierarchical

ordering system of its time, called
A.ostracism.
B. caste.
C. kowtowing.
D. sari.

Learning Objective: Describe features of Hindu culture.
Topic: History
4. The classic language of ancient India was which of the

following?
A.Farsi
B. Aryan
C. Sanskrit
D. Urdu

Topic: History
Topic: Literature
5. The joining of Atman (self) and Brahman results in which

of the following?
A.yoga
B. nirvana
C. dharma
D. karma


6. The Law of ________ states that the collective spiritual

energy gained from good deeds determines one’s physical
state in the next life.
A.Yoga
B. Nirvana
C. Dharma
D. Karma

7. The earliest Neolithic Chinese peoples worked to produce
which of the following?
A.
canals
1.
silk
1.
giant ships
1. All these answers are correct.

Topic: History
8. The occupants of the “dragon throne” who represented

China’s earliest kings were the ________ dynasty.
A.Zhou
B. Shang
C. Xia
D. Neolithic

Learning Objective: Explain the significance of destiny during
the Shang dynasty.
Topic: History
Topic: Shang dynasty

9.
The ________ dynasty were famous for its bureaucracies and
intricate testing systems for bureaucrats.
1. Zhou
B. Shang
C. Xia
D. Neolithic

Learning Objective: Recall how government officials were
chosen in the Chinese dynasties.
Topic: Eastern Zhou dynasty
Topic: History
Topic: Western Zhou dynasty
Topic: natural order
10.
The most powerful personified spirits in the ancient Chinese

worldview were those of
1. great geographical features such as mountain ranges or

rivers.
B. departed ancestors.
C. departed rulers.
D. None of these answers is correct.

Topic: Confucius

11. Shang diviners heated which of the following to

produce cracks the priest might then read to forecast the
future?
A.
iron
1.
wet logs
1.
round stones
1.
inscribed bones

the Shang dynasty.
12. China’s oldest known text is

A.The Book of Changes.
B. The Vedas.
C. The Bhagavad-Gita.
D. The Analects.

Learning Objective: Describe Daoism in Chinese culture.
Topic: History
Topic: Literature

13.
The first Americans came to the continent via

1. fleets of primitive boats from Pacific islands.
B. ice bridges between Alaska and Siberia.
C. ice bridges between Nova Scotia and Greenland.
D. None of these answers is correct.

Topic: History
14. The most ancient American urban areas were

located in which of the following modern countries?
A.Chile
B. Mexico
C. Bolivia
D. Peru

Topic: Ancient Peru
Topic: History
15. The “rubber people” of what is now Mexico were the

A.Franciscans.
B. Aztecs.
C. Mayans.
D. Olmecs.

Topic: History
Topic: Olmecs

Essay Questions

16. Describe the unique features of early Hinduism.

Hinduism is markedly different from the religions of the West.
It identifies the sacred not as a superhuman personality, but
as an objective, all-pervading Cosmic Spirit called
Brahman.Pantheism, the belief that divinity is inherent in all
things, is basic to the Hindu view that the universe itself is
sacred. While neither polytheistic nor monotheistic in the
traditional sense, Hinduism embraces all the Vedic gods, a
multitude of deities who are to this day perceived as
emanations of the divine. Hindu religious texts, such as
the Upanishads, teach enlightenment through meditation.
Unlike the nature deities of Mesopotamia and Egypt, Brahman
is infinite, formless, and ultimately unknowable. While
Mesopotamians and ancient Egyptians regarded human beings
as separate from the gods, Hindus, guided by
the Upanishads and the Bhagavad-Gita, asserted the
oneness of matter and spirit. Unlike the Hebrew Yahweh,
Brahman assumes no personal and contractual relationship
with humankind. Brahman is the Uncaused Cause and the
Ultimate Reality.

Learning Objective: Compare pantheism in early Hinduism and
the beliefs of ancient Mesopotamia.
17. Discuss the holistic character of Hindu culture as

reflected in its religious literature.

The holistic nature of Hinudism stems from the basic tenet
that the all-pervading Cosmic Spirit called Brahman inhabits
everything of the universe. In every person, this spirit
manifests as the Self, or Atman, which, according to
the Upanishads, is “soundless, formless, intangible, undying,
tasteless, odorless, without beginning, without end, eternal,
immutable, [and] beyond nature.” Although housed in the
material prison of the human body, the Self (Atman) seeks to
be one with the Absolute Spirit (Brahman). The spiritual
(re)union of Brahman and Atman (known as nirvana) is the
goal of every Hindu. This blissful reabsorption of the Self into
Absolute Spirit must be preceded by one’s gradual rejection of
the material world, that is, the world of illusion and ignorance,
and by the mastery of the techniques of meditation and
through a system of spiritual exercises known as yoga. Yoga
(literally “to yoke”) seeks the joining of one’s Atman to
Brahman through control of the mind and body. Yoga, as well
as Ayurveda—as system of nutrition—reveals the Hindu
approach to universal connectivity, or holistic living.

Topic: Literature

18. Describe the unique features of the first Chinese

dynasties.

As in Mesopotamia and Egypt, China’s royal tombs were filled
with treasures—a vast array of ritual and grave goods that
include silk fabrics, ceramic sculptures, jade artifacts, bronze
vessels, and objects of personal adornment, from which we
can learn about their society and culture.
During the Shang dynasty, a special group of priests had the
responsibility for foretelling future events: whether the harvest
would be bountiful, whether to declare or delay war, and so on.
Shang diviners etched such questions with sharp tools on
turtle shells and animal bones. These were then heated to
produce cracks that the priests might read and interpret. This
“oracle bone script” discloses intriguing details about weather,
disease, and other routine topics relating to ancient Chinese
life. The Chinese technique for writing script, known as
calligraphy, eventually evolved to become an art form in itself.
The characters of calligraphy grew to some 4,500 characters,
many of which are still used today.
During the Zhou dynasty, rulers codified the Mandate of
Heaven.The rebel Zhou clan justified their assault on the
Shang by claiming that Shang kings had failed to rule
virtuously and that Heaven (Tian) had withdrawn its mandate.
Charged with maintaining the will of Heaven on earth, the
king’s political authority required obedience to established
moral law, which, in turn, reflected the natural order.
Also at this time, the Chinese believed that nature determined
human intelligence and ability, as well as the individual’s
proper place in society. An individual’s place in society was
somewhat flexible, and working for the government was one
way a person could rise in status. The Chinese established the
world’s first system whereby individuals were selected for
government service on the basis of merit and education.
Written examinations tested the competence and skill of those
who sought government office. Such a system persisted for
centuries and became the basis for an aristocracy of merit
that has characterized Chinese culture well into modern times.

the Shang dynasty.
Topic: Eastern Zhou dynasty
Topic: History
Topic: Western Zhou dynasty

19. Explain the holistic character of Chinese culture as

reflected in its art and literature

The perception of an inviolable natural order dominated all
aspects of Chinese culture. Its earliest expression is found in
China’s oldest known text, the Book of Changes (I jing). The
text centers on the principle that order is achieved through the
dynamic balance of opposites. Basic to the natural order is the
condition of balance between the four seasons, the five
elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water), and the five
creative powers (hot, cold, dryness, moisture, and wind). The
Chinese believe in the holistic idea that universal energy,
called qi, pervades all things, including the human body, to
which balance is essential, and it is graphically expressed in
the unity of opposites known as yin/yang. This principle,
which ancient Chinese emperors called “the foundation of the
entire universe,” interprets all nature as the dynamic product
of two interacting cosmic forces, or modes of energy. Daoism,
which uses the I jing and the Dao de jing as its primary
texts, follow this holistic tradition. Daoists seek to cultivate
tranquility, spontaneity, compassion, and spiritual insight. Like
the Hindu, the Daoist practices meditation and breath control,
along with dietary and other physical means of prolonging and
enriching life.

Learning Objective: Describe Daoism in Chinese culture.
Topic: Daoism
20. Describe one of the ancient American civilizations
that predate the Mayans and Aztecs.

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, archeologists
established a dating of 3500 to 2600 B.C.E. for two ancient
Peruvian sites, Caral and Sechin Bajo. Located in the coastal
region northwest of Lima, these sites (only two of many
recently uncovered in the area) are as old as, or older than, the
Egyptian pyramids and predate the Mayan and Aztec
civilizations. Caral, a site with six pyramids, wide plazas,
numerous residences, and a sunken amphitheater, probably
supported a population that exceeded 3,000 people. The
remains of cotton nets suggest that fishing complemented
native agricultural production. Other artifacts, such as flutes
made of bird bones and cornets (horns) made from deer and
llama bones, suggest a music-loving culture. At Chankillo, a
third site north of Lima, archeologists have identified a group
of thirteen stone towers as a 2,300-year-old solar observatory.
Another early civilization in Meso-America was that of the
Olmecs. The Olmecs established urban centers on the coast of
the Gulf of Mexico, south of the modern-day Mexican city of
Veracruz, where priestly rulers governed on behalf of the gods.
This elite cadre oversaw the spiritual life of the community—a
population consisting of farmers and artisans at the lower end
of the social order, and a ruling nobility at the upper end. They
raised temple-pyramids on clay platforms fitted with elaborate
drainage systems, created a calendrical system, developed
portraiture and mirrormaking, and practiced rituals involving
human sacrifice.

Topic: Ancient Peru
Topic: History
Topic: Olmecs

Chapter 05
The Classical Style

Multiple Choice Questions
1. A theoretical set of unifying rules of proportion that the

ancient Greeks searched for was called
A.string theory.
B. dogma.
C. a canon.
D. a module.

Learning Objective: Identify classical characteristics in Greek
painting, sculpture, and architecture.
Learning Objective: Identify examples of Vitruvius’ principles
in classical art and architecture.
Topic: classical style
2. The Greek philosopher ________ tried to demonstrate the

order of nature by observing geometric and numeric
proportion.
A.Socrates
B. Agamemnon
C. Euripides
D. Pythagoras

Topic: History
3. The person responsible for “Hellenizing” North Africa and

Central Asia was
A.Agamemnon.
B. Socrates.
C. Alexander the Great.
D. Darius the Great.

Topic: History

4.
Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as

hallmarks of Greek art?
1.
Humanism
1.
Idealism
1.
Romanticism
1.
Realism

Learning Objective: Interpret the synthesis of humanism,
realism, and idealism in the arts.
5. The main source of our information regarding Greek

painting during the Golden Age has come down from
A.murals sealed within tombs.
B. decorated vases.
C. murals within Greek homes.
D. the writings of Polycleitus.

Topic: Art and Architecture
Topic: History

6.
The outstanding architectural achievement of the Golden Age

in Athens is the
1. Pantheon.
B. Parthenon.
C. Acropolis.
D. weight-bearing column.

Learning Objective: Explain how the Parthenon is an example
of High Classical culture.
Topic: History
7. The great temple of Athena in Athens uses which of the

following orders?
A.Ionic
B. Doric
C. Corinthian
D. Post and Beam

8. Which of the following is cited as the greatest of the

Athenian lyric poets?
A.Lesbos
B. Aristotle
C. Antigone
D. Sappho

Topic: History
Topic: Literature

9. Greek lyrical poems of praise were called

A.testimonies.
B. odes.
C. orations.
D. decorations.

Learning Objective: Relate Greek poetry to music.
Topic: Literature
10. The “music of the spheres” referred to by Pythagoras

was a harmony produced by
A.multiple lines of Grecian melody.
B. the Grecian Doric mode.
C. the revolution of the planets around the sun.
D. the revolution of the planets around the earth.

Topic: Music and Dance
11. Which of the following peoples finally conquered the

Greeks in 338 B.C.E.?
A.
the Etruscans
1.
the Romans
1.
the Macedonians
1.
the Persians

Topic: Hellenistic Age
Topic: History

12.
During the Hellenistic period, which of the following replaced

Athens as the cultural center of the Western world?
1. Alexandria
B. Rome
C. Thebes
D. Syracuse

Learning Objective: Differentiate Hellenic and Hellenistic
culture.
Topic: History
13. The ________ held that spiritual satisfaction was only

possible if one renounced societal values, conventions,
and material wealth.
A.Epicureans
B. Cynics
C. Sophists
D. Stoics

Topic: History
14. The ________ held that happiness depended on
avoiding all forms of physical excess; they valued plain
living and the perfect union of body and mind.
A.Epicureans
B. Cynics
C. Sophists
D. Stoics


15. In terms of sculpture, the work which sums up the

Hellenistic aesthetic is
A.
the Altar of Zeus.
1. Apollo Belvedere.
C.Nike of Samothrace.
D. Laocoön and His Sons.

Topic: Greek sculpture

Essay Questions
16. Define the term “Classical style” and how it was
expressed by the ancient Greeks.

The quest for harmonious proportion was the driving force
behind the evolution of the Classical style. This quest spurred
ancient Greek artists and architects, to search for a canon, or
set of rules, for determining physical proportion. To establish a
canon, the artist fixed on a module, or standard of
measurement, that governed the relationships between all
parts of the work of art and the whole. The module was not
absolute, but varied according to the subject matter. In the
human body, for instance, the distance from the chin to the top
of the forehead, representing one-tenth of the whole body
height, constituted a module by which body measurements
might be calculated. The Greek canon made active use of that
principle of proportion known as symmetry, that is,
correspondence of opposite parts in size, shape, or position, as
is evident in the human body.
Portraying the nude human figure was a major part of the
Classical style, as it reflects the Hellenic regard for the human
body as nature’s perfect creation. By the early fifth century
B.C.E.,Greek sculptors had arrived at the natural positioning of
the human figure that would characterize the Classical style.
The sensuously modeled torso turns on the axis of the spine,
and the weight of the body shifts from equal distribution on
both legs to greater weight on the left leg—a kind of balanced
opposition that is at once natural and graceful. (This
counterpositioning would be called contrapposto by Italian
Renaissance artists.) Male figures were portrayed in highly
idealized forms, almost godlike, with proportions in the
physique in the direction of geometric clarity. The female
figure evolved from being fully clothed to nude in the fourth
century B.C.E. Female statues also depicted the ideal female
form: tall and poised, with small breasts and broad hips.

Learning Objective: Explain the meaning(s) of the term
“classical”.

17. What are the basic characteristics of the Classical

style in Grecian painting, sculpture, and architecture?

Above all, arts in the Classical Style emphasized harmonious
proportion and symmetry.
In painting (mostly gleaned from decorated vases), artists
refined their efforts to position figures and objects to
complement the shape of the vessel and posed figures
naturally. Over time, painters, by selecting and combining the
most beautiful details of many different models, achieved an
ideal form, free of incidental detail, meant to improve upon or
perfect sensory reality.
Sculpture centered around the human figure, which also
followed strict rules of proportion. To establish a canon, the
artist fixed on a module, or standard of measurement, that
governed the relationships between all parts of the work of art
and the whole. The module was not absolute, but varied
according to the subject matter. In the human body, for
instance, the distance from the chin to the top of the forehead,
representing one-tenth of the whole body height, constituted a
module by which body measurements might be calculated. The
Greek canon made active use of that principle of proportion
known as symmetry, that is, correspondence of opposite
parts in size, shape, or position, as is evident in the human
body. Both male and female figures were portrayed in idealized
form, reflecting the Hellenic regard for the human body as
nature’s perfect creation.
In ancient Greek architecture we also see the tenets of the
Classical style. The construction of the Parthenon, for
example, was governed by a module. It is likely that this
module was both geometric and numerical, adhering to a
specific ratio: the famous “Golden Section.” This ratio, which
governs the proportions of the ground plan of the Parthenon
and the relationship between its structural parts, represents
an aesthetic ideal found in nature and in the human anatomy.

Topic: Greek sculpture

18. Discuss the Parthenon as an example of High

Classical culture in the ancient world.

The outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age
Athens is the Parthenon. Built in glittering Pentelic marble
upon the ruins of an earlier temple burned during the Persian
Wars, and housing a colossal statue of Athena (which no
longer exists), the Parthenon is a testament to the ancient
Greek Classical style.
The ideal system of proportional design governed the
architecture of the Parthenon. Most architectural historians
agree that a module governed the entire project. It is likely
that this module was both geometric and numerical, adhering
to a specific ratio: the famous “Golden Section.” The system of
proportion known as the “Golden Section” or “Golden Ratio” is
expressed numerically by the ratio 1.618:1, or approximately
8:5. This ratio, which governs the proportions of the ground
plan of the Parthenon and the relationship between its
structural parts, represents an aesthetic ideal found in nature
and in the human anatomy, both Classical style aesthetics.
Another outstanding feature of the Parthenon is the fact that
there are virtually no straight lines in the entire building. Its
Doric columns, for instance, swell near the center to counter
the optical effect of thinning that occurs when the normal eye
views an uninterrupted set of parallel lines. All columns tilt
slightly inward. Corner columns are thicker than the others to
compensate for the attenuating effect produced by the bright
light of the sky against which the columns are viewed, and
also to ensure their ability to bear the weight of the terminal
segments of the superstructure. The top step of the platform
on which the columns rest is not parallel to the ground, but
rises four and a quarter inches at the center, allowing
rainwater to run off the convex surface even as it corrects the
optical impression of sagging along the extended length of the
platform.


19. What are the main features of Grecian poetry and

music?

In Classical Greece, as in other parts of the ancient world,
distinctions between individual forms of artistic expression
were neither clear-cut nor definitive. A combination of the arts
prevailed in most forms of religious ritual and in public and
private entertainment. The intimate relationship between
music and poetry is revealed in the fact that many of the
words we use to describe lyric forms, such as “ode” and
“hymn,” are also musical terms. The word lyric, meaning
“accompanied by the lyre,” describes verse that was meant to
be sung, not read silently.
As in ancient Egypt, this genre of poetry gave voice to deep
emotions. Hellenic culture produced an impressive group of
lyric poets, who used economy of expression and inventive
combinations of sense and sound. While lyric poetry conveyed
deeply personal feelings, certain types of lyrics, namely odes,
served as public eulogies or songs of praise, often to
superlative athletes.
Music, also, played a major role in Greek life. Pythagoras
observed that music was governed by mathematical ratios and
therefore constituted both a science and an art. From earliest
times, music was believed to hold magical powers and
therefore exercise great spiritual influence. The modes
(scales) had certain spiritual or emotional associations with
them; in the Republic, Plato encourages the use of the Dorian
mode, which settles the temper and inspires courage, but he
condemns the Lydian mode, which arouses sensuality.
Because of music’s potential for affecting character and mood,
both Plato and Aristotle recommended that the type of music
used in the education of young children be regulated by law.
Such music should reflect the Classical features of balance,
harmony, and dignity.

Learning Objective: Relate Greek poetry to music.
Topic: Music and Dance

20. Explain the differences between Hellenic and
Hellenistic culture.

The biggest change from Hellenic culture to Hellenistic culture
was one of scale. Hellenistic life emerged after Alexander the
Great’s conquests and culture shifted from localized city-
states to that of an empire. The defining features of the
Hellenistic Age were cosmopolitanism, urbanism, and the
blending of Greek, African, and Asian cultures. Trade routes
linked Arabia, East Africa, and Central Asia, bringing great
wealth to the cities of Alexandria, Antioch, Pergamon, and
Rhodes. Alexandria, which replaced Athens as a cultural
center, boasted a population of more than one million people
and a library of half a million books.
The Hellenistic Age also made important advances in
geography, astronomy, and mathematics. Euclid produced a
textbook of existing geometric learning that systematized the
theorems of plane and solid geometry. His contemporary, the
astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, proposed that the earth and
all the planets revolved around the sun, a theory abandoned by
his followers and not confirmed until the seventeenth century.
The Hellenistic world was considerably different from the
world of the Greek city-states. In the latter, citizens identified
with their community, which was itself the state; but in
Alexander’s vast empire, communal loyalties were unsteady
and—especially in sprawling urban centers—impersonal. The
intellectuals of the Hellenistic Age did not formulate rational
methods of investigation in the style of Plato and Aristotle;
rather they espoused philosophic schools of thought that
guided everyday existence: Skepticism, Cynicism,
Epicureanism, and Stoicism.

Learning Objective: Differentiate Hellenic and Hellenistic
culture.

The Humanistic Tradition 7th Edition by Gloria K. Fiero - Test Bank

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The Humanistic Tradition 7th Edition by

Gloria K. Fiero – Test Bank

To Purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the

If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

1. In India, religion is grounded in ________, the belief in an

2. The ancient history of the Americas is not as easily

3. Ancient India developed the most rigid social hierarchical

4. The classic language of ancient India was which of the

5. The joining of Atman (self) and Brahman results in which

6. The Law of ________ states that the collective spiritual

1. All these answers are correct.

8. The occupants of the “dragon throne” who represented

The most powerful personified spirits in the ancient Chinese

1. great geographical features such as mountain ranges or

11. Shang diviners heated which of the following to

12. China’s oldest known text is

The first Americans came to the continent via

14. The most ancient American urban areas were

15. The “rubber people” of what is now Mexico were the

17. Discuss the holistic character of Hindu culture as

18. Describe the unique features of the first Chinese

19. Explain the holistic character of Chinese culture as

1. A theoretical set of unifying rules of proportion that the

2. The Greek philosopher ________ tried to demonstrate the

3. The person responsible for “Hellenizing” North Africa and

Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as

5. The main source of our information regarding Greek

The outstanding architectural achievement of the Golden Age

7. The great temple of Athena in Athens uses which of the

8. Which of the following is cited as the greatest of the

9. Greek lyrical poems of praise were called

10. The “music of the spheres” referred to by Pythagoras

11. Which of the following peoples finally conquered the

During the Hellenistic period, which of the following replaced

13. The ________ held that spiritual satisfaction was only

15. In terms of sculpture, the work which sums up the

the Altar of Zeus.

17. What are the basic characteristics of the Classical

18. Discuss the Parthenon as an example of High

19. What are the main features of Grecian poetry and

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