Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Protection:

Settings
 Power Transmission and Distribution

Example configuration
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3∼ 220 kV
7UT613

1000/1A M1
5P20, 20VA
Rct=4Ω

250 / 240 / 10 MVA

220+7.5%-15% / 110 / 10 kV
uT(1-2),(1-3),(2-3) =12%; 20%; 25%
M2
1500/5A
5P20, 30VA
Rct =1.2Ω 1000/5A M3
5P20, 30VA
Interposing CT
Rct =0.8Ω

3~ 110 kV 3~ 10 kV

PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 2

 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6: Tripping Characteristic

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I Diff Tripping Characteristic 7UT6

InO
1231 IDiff>>
7
Fault
Characteristic 1243A
6 SLOPE 2

5
IDiff =│I1 +I2│ Trip Block
IRest =│I1│+│I2│ 4

*)
3

2
1241A Add-on
SLOPE 1 Stabilization
1

1221 IDiff>
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 I Rest
1242A 1261A *) Slope for Add-on Stabilization: InO
BASE POINT 1 I-ADD ON STAB 7UT6 Æ Slope 1
1244A
BASE POINT 2
PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 3
 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6: Pickup and drop off

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>

PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 4

 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (1 of 7)

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Glossary of used abbreviations:

Umax, Umin = voltages at the limits of the tap changer
USet = Setting voltage 7UT6 (parameter 0311)
Imax = nominal transformer current (HV side) at Umin
Imin = nominal transformer current (HV side) at Umax
InO = nominal (protection-) object current (referred to USet)
InO1p = nominal object current side 1 (HV side , primary)
Id tc Imax = differential current due to tap changer end position (Imax)
Id tc Imin = differential current due to tap changer end position (Imin)
ktcr = tap changer range
uT = transformer impedance voltage

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 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (2 of 7)

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0311 Rated primary voltage side 1 (USet)

Umax = 1.075·UNHV = 1.075·220 kV = 236.5 kV
Umin = 0.85·UNHV = 0.85·220 kV = 187 kV
U max ⋅ U min 236.5 ⋅187
U Set = 2⋅ = 2⋅ kV = 208.9 kV
U max + U min 236.5 + 187

with this:
Imax = SN /(√3·Umin) = 250000 kVA/(√3·187 kV) = 771.9 A
Imin = SN /(√3·Umax) = 250000 kVA/(√3·236.5 kV) = 610.3 A
InO1p = SN /(√3·USet) = 250000 kVA/(√3·208.9 kV) = 691.1 A
and:
Id tc Imax = (Imax – InO1p) /InO1p = (771.9-691.1) /691.1 = 0.1169 [I/InO1p]
Id tc Imin = (InO1p- Imin ) /InO1p = (691.1-610.3) /691.1 = 0.1169 [I/InO1p]
With the above formula for USet the additional differential current due to the
tap changer is equal for both end positions !!

PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 6

 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (3 of 7)

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1221 IDiff> (Pickup Value of Differential Current stage)

The base for a transformer without tap changer is 0.2 I/InO
This includes transformer magnetising current, CT’s magnetising currents
and tolerance for IDiff> stage- and characteristic.
For a transformer with on load tap changer IDiff> can be calculated as follows:

Transformer: IDiff> ≥ 0.2 + 0.5·ktcr [I/InO]

ktcr = (7.5% +│-15%│)/2 = 11.25% = 0.1125 I/InO

with this: IDiff> = 0.2 + 0.5·0.1125 = 0.256 I/InO

selected: IDiff> = 0.26 I/InO

I Diff
InO 0.25
0.5 Æ slope 1 hits the
IDiff> = 0.26 IDiff> horizontal approximately at
0.2
IRest = 0.5·IRest nom
0.1
IRest nom = 2 I/InO
0
0 1.0 2.0 I Rest InO
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 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (4 of 7)

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1231 IDiff>> (Pickup Value of fast Differential Current stage)

IDiff>>: fast unrestrained high current differential function,
it’s setting therefore should be higher than the maximum possible through
flowing current!
Transformer: IDiff>> ≥ (1/uT)·InO

The lowest uT(1-2) = 12% will result to IDiff>> > 100%/12% I/InO
= 8.33 I/InO
selected: IDiff>> = 9.0 I/InO

IDiff>> stage will be not blocked by harmonics due to an inrush or CT-saturation!

The IDiff>> stage evaluates the fundamental wave of the currents as well
as the instantaneous values.
- Fundamental wave processing: fast tripping at the set threshold.
- Instantaneous value processing: ensures fast tripping even in case
the fundamental wave of the current is strongly reduced by CT saturation.
Because of the possible DC offset after fault inception,
the instantaneous value stage operates only above twice the set threshold.
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 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (5 of 7)

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1241A Slope 1 of Tripping Characteristic

This branch covers current-proportional errors. These are mainly errors of the
main current transformers and, in case of power transformers with tap changers,
error currents which occur due to the transformer regulating range.
Slope 1 should be approximately 2 times higher than the expected error currents
slope 1 = 1.2·ktcr ; minimum however 0.25
The factor 1.2 includes CT and device errors:
slope 1 = 1.2·0.1125 = 0.135

selected: slope 1 = 0.25

I Diff
InO
0.25
selected slope 1
0.4
0.135 calculated slope 1
IDiff> = 0.26
0.2 error currents: tap changer + CT’s + device
error currents: tap changer in an end position
0.1

0
0 1 2 I Rest InO PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 9
 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (6 of 7)

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1242A Base Point for Slope 1

For transformers with on load tap changers the default setting 0.00 I/InO
has to be used! (this parameter is only important in some very special cases,
for example generators)

1243A Slope 2 of Tripping Characteristic

The second slope produces a higher restraint in the range of high currents
which may lead to current transformer saturation. CT saturation degree may
differ at different external faults.
(Here it is almost impossible to use a formula for calculating this setting)
Default setting 0.50 is the best choice for this characteristic due to our
experience!

1244A Base Point for Slope 2

This is referred to the rated object current.
Default setting 2.50 I/InO.

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 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 Transformer Differential Setting calculation (7 of 7)

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1261A Pickup for Add-on Stabilization

In systems with very high through flowing currents a dynamic add-on
stabilization is being enabled for external faults.
for Transformers: there should be no pickup for any load condition.
- nominal load (without overload): IRest = 2 I/InO
(Default-) Setting 1261A = 2·2 I/InO = 4 I/InO
- with overload
ILoad max = 1.5·InO Æ Setting 1261A ≥ 2·1.5/0.7 ≥ 4.3 I/InO
(In case of 2 or more CT’s for one transformer side:
a separate calculation is necessary !!)
1262A Duration of Add-on Stabilization
tadd-on ≥ action time of ext. protection + opening time of ext. C.B. [cycles]

1263A Time for Cross-blocking Add-on Stabilization

Equal to 1262A

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 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6: Transformer Inrush (1 of 2)

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The inrush current flows into the protected object from a single side and appears as
an internal fault. The transformer differential protection must therefore be stabilised
against this phenomenon.
I m (ν )
%
The large amount of I m(1)
second harmonic during 100
an inrush is used to block
the differential element. B
80 B

The 2nd Harmonic 360°

component in the rush 60
current depends on the
I m(2)
base width of the 40
sinusoidal cap. I m(3) I m(1)
It decreases as the I m(1)
width B increases. 20 17,5%
15

90° 180° 270° 360° width of base B

240°
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 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6: Transformer Inrush (2 of 2)

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1271 2nd Harmonic Content in I-Diff

Investigations have shown that a base width greater than 240° hardly ever
arises in practice, which implies a minimum second harmonic component of
17.5%. A Default setting of 15% therefore makes sense for in-rush blocking.
In rare cases, for example with weak in-feed, a soft energisation with a small
second harmonic component may occur. Under these conditions, a reduced
setting of minimum 12% may be considered. Preference should however be
given to the cross-blocking function.
1272A Time for Cross-blocking 2nd Harm
This function takes into account that the second harmonic component in the
individual phases is different and may not be sufficient, in the phase with the
smallest component, to activate the blocking.
The measuring system in all phases is therefore blocked when a single phase
detects the inrush blocking condition.
Default setting: 3 cycles
(This may have do be modified during commissioning)

PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 13

 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6: Default setting for 5th harmonic restraint (1 of 2)

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The fundamental component of the magnetising current appears as differential

current. Apart from abnormally high operating voltages, a voltage rise at the
winding can occur due to single pole faults in a power system with
“solid earthed system neutral”!
This situation with factor δ ≤ 1.4 is marked as point 2 (Figure 1).
The highest content of 5th harmonics is approximately there where the
fundamental harmonic riches the setting Idiff>. Without 5th harmonic restraint
the Differential protection would trip!
The magnetising current contains for example at point 3 (50Hz pickup threshold)
approximately 50% of this harmonic. The setting for 5th harmonic restraint
should consider the smallest I250 / I50 for the applicable voltage range.
In this example with Umax = 140% the setting for
I250 / I50 should be at least 30%.
Higher voltages require a lower setting of the restraint threshold.
The 50Hz component of the magnetising current due to over flux in this case
(Figure 1) does not exceed 1.5 InO .This threshold (1273A) can also be set on
the protection relay. As the 5th harmonic restraint is not effective above (1273A),
it will not block during internal short circuits with harmonics for example due to
CT saturation.
PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 14
 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6: Default setting for 5th harmonic restraint (2 of 2)

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Figure 1

Harmonic components
50Hz part of the
magnetisation current
and dominant
Harmonics at Over flux
for a 50Hz Transformer
with
UN = 78kV and
SN = 60MVA
Idiff>

(for solid earthed

system neutral)

PTD EA13 NM 7UT6 Transf.Diff.Sett. 11/2007 No: 15

 Power Transmission and Distribution

7UT6 V4.6: Power System Data 2

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Setting Group A (B,C,D) / Power System Data 2

parameter 1111, 1112, 1113 Pole Open Current Threshold Side 1, 2, 3
Setting range: 0.04…1.00 I/InS
Example: CT primary current IP = 3000 A , InS = 1128 A Æ IP/InS = 2.66
with this the minimum possible Setting will be 2.66·0.04 = 0.1064 I/InS
If the setting is to low (default setting is 0.10 I/InS), the Protection will be
blocked and in online mode the message
“30067 parameter too low” will appear.

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