FEM9.756 Engl PDF

FEDERATION FEM
EUROPEENNE DE LA
MANUTENTION 9.756
Section IX
SERIES LIFTING 08.2004 (E)
EQUIPMENT
Hand-operated and power driven hoists

for special purposes
Hand- und Kraftbetriebene Hubwerke

fur besondere Einsatzfalle
Palans manuel et motorises pour applications

speciales
Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (Section IX)
Copyright: FEM Section IX Available in German (0), English (E), French (F) Sources see end of the document
FEM document 9.75608.2004 (E) Page 1 of 57

Contents
Introduction .•.•..;..........•.... ~ .••.....: ~ ..................•......... 4
1 Scope ~ 4
1..1 Fields of application are e.g.: 5
2 Normative references 6
3 Definitions 8
3.1 Use for assembling purposes, no load movement above persons .. ~ 8
3.2 Use above persons 8
3.3' Use ·with a view ofthe load movement 8.
3.4 Use without a view of the load movement 8
3.5 Static loading of the hoist (referring to the load) 8
3.6 Dynamic loading of the hoist (referring to the load) 8
3.7 Hoist firmly installed ~ : 8
3.8 Mobile hoist 8
3.9 Load secured, after hoisting operation 8
3.10 Load not secured, after hoisting operation 8
3.11 Single hoist ; 8·
3.12 Rope drive 8
3.13 Chain drive 8
3.14 Belt drive , 8
3.15 Rated capacity 9
3.16 Rated hoisting speed : 9
3.17 Kinematic chain 9
3.18 Active componentries :· 9
3.19 Rated load (reduced capacity) 9
3.20 Securing devices / se'curing measures 9
3.21 Underload switch-off 9
3.22 Lifting and lowering Iimiters (terminal stopping switch and final limit switch) : 9
3.23 Scenic movement.; ; 9
3.24 Load dynamic 9
3.25 Direct acting hoisting force Iimiters. (FEM 9.761 (01.1995)) , 9
3.26 Indirect acting hoisting force Iimiters (FEM 9.761 (01.1995)) 9
4 List of significant hazards 10
4.1 Risk estimation considering the mode of application 16
5 Safety" requirements and/or measures 18
5.0 . General 18
5.1 Safety requirements for single hoists for special purposes 18
5.2 Devices 21
5.3 Couplings 24
5.4 Brakes :.••..........••..••.......•.....••.......•••....•...........•.....•....• 24
5.5 Gearboxes 24
5.6 Load hooks 24
5.7 Rope drives 25
5.8 Chain drives ..................................................................•..............•.............•............................27
5.9 Belt drives ...•...........•...........................................•.................................................................••
. .
28
5.1 0 Trolleys.....•......•...........•......•.•.•.•.......................••.............................................................•....... 29
5.11 . Pneumatic equipment of hoists 30
5.12·' Hydraulic equipment of hoists 32
FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 2 of 57

5.13 The electrical equipment of single hoists operated above persons (5.2), hoists for
assembling purposes (5.1) or single hoists for the transport ofp!,!rsons (5.3) 35
5.14 Special requirements for non-line commutated drives 36
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ~ 37
6.1 Series manufactured hoists used as single hoists in accordance with
5.1.1 37
6.2 Series manufactured hoists used as single hoists in accordance with
5:1.2 ·and 5.1.3 37
7 User information 46
7.1 General 46
7.2 Special requirements 46
7.3 Marking : 47
ANNEX A (INFORMATiVE) 48
Power driven hoists 49
ANNEX B (INFORMATiVE) :.: 53
Additional requirements for operation in aggressive environments and outdoors 53
B.1 Requirements to be met by the hoist 53
B.2 References to standards 53
.B.3 Ropes and chains , 53
B.4 General requirefl1ents for specific areas: structures, electrical equipment and motors,
electric cables, copper terminals, etc 53
ANNEX C (INFORMATiVE) : 54
Additional requirements for operation at low temperatures « _10 0 C) 54
Bibliography 55

Introduction
This rule has been compiled along the same lines as EN 414 in order to act as a safety rule representing a
means for achieving agreement with the essential health and safety requirements of the Directive 98/37/EC.
Within the scope of application of this rule, it is stated which hazards are covered. For hazards not covered by
this rule, the hoists, where applicable, shall comply with EN 292.
1 Scope
This Rule applies to hand-operated and power driven hoists for the lifting and lowering of loads and persons in
special domains of application.
This Rule defines the requirements for the design and construction of hand-operated and power driven hoists
which are used for special applications.
Hand-operated hoists shall conform to prEN 13157:1998.
Power driven hoists in the sense of this rule are:
Rope hoists winding in single layers with round steel wire ropes. (Annex A, fig. 1);
Chain hoists with round steel link chains (Annex A, fig. 2) or roller chains;
Belt hoists (Annex A, fig. 3), where a belt is wound onto a drum in one winding in several layers.
Hand-operated hoists in the sense of this Rule are:
Rope hoists winding in single layers with round steel wire ropes (Annex A, fig. 4);
Rope hoists winding in several layers with round steel wire ropes (Annex A, fig. 5).
Power driven within the meaning of this rule signifies electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven.
This rule covers the hazards indicated in clause 4, which may arise during commissioning, operation and
maintenance of the hoists.
This rule also applies to hoists which are intended to be used for the lifting of persons in theatre applications.
This rule applies only to single hoists used above persons.
Hoists for assembling and mounting purposes may be single /:mists or several hoists operated in groups. There
are no load movements above persons involved.
When using several hoists for group travels above persons, further hazards may arise which are not considered
within the framework of this rule. In such a case, the requirements for the individual hoists are to be made in
accordance with this rule, as far as this rule is applicable.
Pending the publication of a new rule defining the requirements for control and monitoring during use for group
travels above person, a risk analysis according to EN 954 and EN 1050:1996 may be used in individual cases to
prove the use of these hoists.
Among others, a risk analysis shall assess the following, additional risks:
- unequal load distribution;
- stability of the load;
- synchronous run, tolerances;
FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page40f57

- failure of one hoist of the group;
- common power feeding, common disconnection;
• individual hoisting media becoming slack;
· movement sequences are not kept;
- common control system;
• monitoring of an automatic sequence;
- setting-up mode;
- predetermined target positions are run over;
- rated load of one hoist is exceeded;
- emergency stop and emergency switch-off;
- control of safety-related functions;
• user information;
- etc.
1.1 Fields of application are e.g.:

- hoists in public bUildings;
- hoists in assembly places;
- hoists in shopping centres;
· hoists in places of events, flying systems, scenery hoists;
• hoists for the lifting of sporting equipment;
- hoists for the lifting of lustres;
- hoists for the lifting of scenery, lighting equipment, sound equipment;
- hoists for the lifting of partition walls, covers;
- hoists for the lifting of ceiling elements, tents;
- hoists for the lifting of stands;
- etc.
FEM document 9.75608.2004 (E) Page 50f57

2 Normative References
This document incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this document only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
EN 292-1: 1991 Safety of machinery, Basic concepts, general principles for design.
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology, ISOIDIS 12100~ 1
EN 292-2:1991 Safety of machinery, Basic concepts, general principles for design.

Part 2: Technical principles and specifications, ISOIDIS 12100-2
EN 294:1994 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the
upper limbs
EN 349: 1994 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 418: 1994:1994 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects - Principles for
design
EN 818-7:2002 Short link chain for lifting purposes - Safety - Part 7: Finetolerance hoist chain, Grade
T (Types T, OAT, DT) .
EN 954-1: 1997 Safety of machinery -'- Safety-related parts of control systems -

Part 1: General principles for design, ISO 13859-1
EN 954-2: 1999 Safety of Machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation
EN 982:1996 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components - Hydraulics
EN 983: 1996 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components - Pneumatics
EN 1037:1995 Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1050:1996 Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment
EN 12077-2:1998 Cranes - Safety - Requirements for health and safety -

Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices
EN 12644-2:2000 Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 2: Marking
EN 13411-1 :2002 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Thimbles for steel wire rope slings
EN 13411-2:2002 Terminations for steel wire ropes- Safety - Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings
EN 13411-4·:2002 Terminations for steel wire ropes,... Safety - Part 4: Metal and resin socketing
EN 60204-31998 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines-

Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32: 1998)
prEN 13135-2:2000 Cranes - Equipment - Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
prEN 13157:1998 Cranes - Safety - Hand powered cranes
prEN 13411-3:1999 Terminations for steel wire ropes- Safety - Part 3: Ferrule-secured eyes
prEN 13411-6:1999 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket c1evis
prEN 13557:1999 Cranes - Controls and control stations
prEN 14492-2:2002. Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 2: Power driven hoists·

ISO 606:1994 Short-pitch transmission precision roller chains and chain wheels .
ISO 2408:1985 Steel wire ropes for general purposes - Characteristics
ISO 4301-1:1986 Cranes and lifting appliances - Classification - Part 1: General
ISO 4308-1: 1986 Cranes and lifting appliances - Selection of wire ropes - Part 1: General
ISO 4309: 1990 Cranes - Wire ropes - Code of practice for examination and discard
ISO 8793:1986 Steel wire ropes - Ferrule-secured eye terminations
ISO 12482-1:1995 Cranes - Condition monitoring - Part 1: General
SS 7905-1 :2001 Lifting equipment for perforrilance, broadcast and similar applications -
Part 1: Specification for the design and manufacture of above stage equipment
(excluding trusses and towers) .
DIN 15400:1990 Lifting hooks, materials, mechanical properties, lifting capacity and stresses.
DIN 15401:1982 Lifting hooks for lifting appliances - Single Hooks -

Part 1: Unmachined parts, Part 2: Finished parts with threaded shank
DIN 15402:1982 Lifting hooks for lifting appliances - Ramshom hooks -

Part 1: Unmachined parts, Part 2: Finished parts with threaded shank
DIN 8187-1:1996 Roller chains - European type -

Part 1: Simple, double, triple roller chains
DIN 8187~2:1998 Roller chains - European type -

Part 2: Simple roller chains with attachments, connecting dimensions
DIN 8187-3:1998 Roller chains - European type -

Part 3: Simple roller chains with extended pins, connecting dimensions
DIN 56921-1:1999 Theatre engineering, stage machinery - Flying systems -

Part 1: Manual counterweight flying systems for total loading up to 500 kg
DIN 56921-11 :1997 Theatre engineering, stage machinery - Flying systems -

Part 11: Safety requirements and testing.
DIN 56925:1997 Theatre engineering, stage machinery - Scenery hoist - Safety requirements and
testing
FEM 1.001 (10.1998) Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, booklets 1 - 8
FEM 9.511 (06.1986) Rules for the design of series lifting equipment - Classification of mechanisms
FEM 9.661 (06.1986) Rules for the design of series lifting equipment - Dimensions and design of rope reeving
components
FEM 9.571 (10.1988) Series lifting equipment - Chain qualities, selection criteria and requirements
FEM 9.683 (10.1995) Series lifting equipment - Selection of lifting and travel motors
FEM 9.761 (05.1998) Power driven series hoist mechanism~ - Safety
FEM 9.752 (07.2003) Series hoist mechanisms with adjustable speed electrical power drive systems - Low
voltage adjustable frequency AC power driven systems.
FEM 9.755 (06.1993) Measures for achieving safe working periods for motorized serial hoist units..
FEM 9.761 (01.1995) Lifting force limiters for controlling the loading of motorized series hoists mechanisms.
FEM 9.852 (07.1998) Power driven series hoist mechanisms - Standardised test procedure for verification of
the dassification
FEM 9.941 (01.1995) Graphical symbols for control devices
FEM 9.901 (12.1991) Rules for the design of series lifting equipment and cranes equipped with series lifting
. equipment
FEM doc;ument 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 7 of 57

3 Definitions
3.1 Use for assembling purposes, no load movement above persons
The hoists are used exclusively for assembling and mounting purposes. So-called climbing hoists may be used
as well
The hoists may be firmly installed or used at several places (mobile)
3.2 Use above persons

The intentional or unintentional presence of persons under the upheld load (also device) is possible
3.3 Use with a view of the load movement

During the lifting or lowering operation, the load movement is visible in any case '
3.4 ' Use without a view of the load movement

During the lifting or lowering operation, the load movement is not or not always visible
3.5 Static loading of the hoist (referring to the load)

There are no load movements above persons
3.6 Dynamic loading of the hoist (referring to the load)

The load is dynamically moved above persons, scenic travelling movements are carried out
3.7 Hoist firmly installed

The hoist(s) is (are) firmly installed. The dimensions of the load are known
3.8 Mobile hoist

The hoist(s) may be, and are, used at different locations. The dimensions of the load are not, or only inexactly,
known, but are smaller than the rated load .
3.9 Load secured, after hoisting operation

After the hoisting operation, the load is secured with a securing device (rope, etc.) in order to prevent the load
from dropping
3.10 Load not secured, after hoisting operation

The hoist carries the load, no additional load securing device is provided
3.11 Single hoist

The load is moved using one hoist. Also a hoist having several falls arid hoists that are linked mechanically shall
be considered a single hoist
3.12 Rope drive

A rope drive in the sense of this rule includes wire ropes running on rope drums and/or rope sheaves as well as
rope drums, rope sheaves, compensating sheaves, rope guides and suspensions
Compensating sheaves are rope sheaves which the wire rope runs over during operation generally for no longer
path than three times its diameter
3.13 Chain drive·

A chain drive includes calibrated round steel chains (EN 818-7:2002-7:2002), roller chains, driven and non-driven
chain sprockets, as required, chain guides and suspensions
3.14 Belt drive

A belt drive includes belts, belt rollers, belt guides, belt drum and suspensions
FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 80f57

3.15 Rated capacity
Load which the hoist can lift due to its design. This load refers to the connection conaitions specified by the
manufacturer and given on the name plate, such as rated voltage, rated frequency and rated pressure
Example: Pneumatic series lifting equipment with a rated capacity of 1000 kg at a rated pneumatic pressure
of 6,3 bar
3.16 Rated hoisting speed

The speed in the upwards direction in m1min, preferably rounded to the next standard figure, at rated capacity
and under the connection conditions given on the name plate. In the case of drive motors which feature more
than one speed, the highest speed is the one to which this refers
3.17 Kinematic chain

All parts of the hoist between hoisting medium and securing device, inc;luding all supporting construction
elements
3.18 Active componentries

Chain drive, gear box, hub and shaft connections, couplings etc.
3.19 Rated load (reduced capacity)

Load which is applied to the hoist. This rated load is determined taking into account the case of application and
may correspond to the rated capacity or half the rated capacity
3.20 Securing devices I securing measures

Device which prevents an unintended movement (such as e.g. brakes, valves, jaws, latches)
3.21 Underload switch-off

Device for detecting load changes during the lowering operation
3.22 Lifting and lowering Iimiters (terminal stopping switch and final limit switch)
Limiting devices which limit the upward and downward movement (see EN 12077-2:1998).
For specific cases, second movement limiting devices may be required (see EN 12077-2:1998, clause 5.6.1.4;
EN 60204-32:1998)
3.23 Scenic movement

The hoist is used to move the load above persons
3.24 Load dynamic

The load transmits dynamic forces to the hoist which is standing still
3.25 Direct acting hoisting force Iimiters (FEM 9.761 (01.1995))

Direct acting hoisting force Iimiters are Iimiters which are able to limit the driving force given off. The limiting
. function is tripped directly by the load effect in the drive elements
3.26 Indirect acting hoisting force Iimiters (FEM 9.761 (01.1995))

Indirect acting hoisting force Iimiters are tripped indirectly by the load. To this effect, the hoisting force or a value
depending from the hoisting force is detected using a detector and compared with the preset limit value of the
triggering limit. In case of the limit value being exceeded, the drive control stops the hoist.

4 List of significant hazards
On the basis of EN 1050:1996, the following table 1 contains a list of the significant hazards which may be
generated by hoists; it also contains reference to the relevant requirements in clause 5 of FEM 9.761 (05.1998)·
that are necessary to avoid hazards or to eliminate risks.

, .
Table 1 - List of significant hazards
No Hazards Requirements
Relevant clause(s)
of this document'
Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
1 Mechanical hazards due to:

- machine parts or workpieces, e.g.:
a) shape; 5.0
b) relative location; does not apply
c) mass and stability (potential energy of elements which may 5.10
move under the effect of gravity);
d) mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in controlled or 5.2.4,5.4
uncontrolled motion);
e) inadequacy of mechanical strength; see no. 27.4
- accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g.
f) elastic elements (springs); does not apply
g) liquids and gases under pressure; 5.11.1, 5.11.2, 5.12.1,
5.12.2,5.12.7
h) the effect of vacuum. does not apply
1.1 Crushing hazard 5.8.4, 5.9.3, 5.9.4,
5.7.4,5.7.5,5.7.2
1.2 Shearing hazard does not apply
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 5.9.2
1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.7.4,5.8.3,5.8.4,
5.7.2,5.7.5,5.9.3,
5.9.4
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard does not apply
1.6 Impact hazard does not apply
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard does not apply
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard does not apply
1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.12.7
2 Electrical hazards due to:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.13
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty 5.13
conditions (indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage does not apply

Table 1 - (continued)
Relevant clause(s)
-. of this document
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena does not apply

2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of 5.13
molten particles and chemical effects from short circuits,
overloads etc.
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 Bums, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of 5.11.5,5.12.9,
persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or low . 5.12.10,5.12.11
temperature, by flames o~ explosions and also by the radiation
of heat sources
3.2 Damage to health by hot or Cold working environment· does not apply
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:
4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. loss 5.12.7
of balance, loss of awareness)
4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. 5.12.7
5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.1 Use of hand-held machines resulting in a variety of neurological does not apply
and vascular disorders
5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly when combined with poor does not apply
postures
6 HazardS generated by radiation
6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation, micro waves does not apply
6.2 Infrared, visible and ultraviolet light does not apply
6.3 X and gamma rays does not apply
6.4 Alpha, beta rays, electron or ion beams, neutrons does not apply
6.5 Lasers does not apply
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their Annex B
constituent elements) processes or used by the machinery
7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, 5.4,5.11.6,5.11.7,
mists, fumes, and dusts 5.12
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.12.10; 5.12.11
7.3 Biological or microbiological (Viral or bacterial) hazards does not apply
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in

machinery design as, e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort does not apply
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy does not apply
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment does not apply
8.4 Inadequate local lighting does not apply
FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) . Page 12 of 57

Relevant clause(s)
ofthis document
8.5 Mental overload and underload, stress does not apply .
8.6 Human error, human behaviour 5.2..1, 5.2.3
8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.2.1
8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display units does not apply
9 Combination of hazards
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected 6verrun/overspeed (or any
similar malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system 5.2.3, 5.11.4, 5.12.4,
5.13.3
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption 5.2.1, 5.11.4, 5.12.4
10.3 Extemal influences on electrical equipment 5.13.2
10.4 Other extemal influences (gravity, wind, etc.) does not apply
10.5 Errors in the software 5.13
10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery does not apply
with human characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best possible 5.2.1, 5.2.3
conditions
12 Variations in the rotational speed of tools does not apply
13 Failure of the power supply 5.4
14 Failure of the control circuit 5.2.3
15 Errors of fitting 7.
16 Break-up during operation see table 1, no. 27.4
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids does not apply
18 Loss of stability / overtuming of machinery does not apply
19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to machinery) does not apply
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility
20 Relating to the travelling function
20.1 Movement when starting the engine does not apply
20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving position does not apply
20.3 Movement without all parts in a safe position does not apply
20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery does not apply
20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving does not apply
20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped and does not apply
immobilised

Relevant clause(s)
of this document
21 Linked to the work position (including driving station) on the

machine
21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position does not apply
21.2 Exhaust gases/lack of oxygen at the work position does not apply
21.3 Fire (flammability of the cab, lack of extinguishing means) does not apply
21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position: does not apply
a) Contact with the wheels;
b) Rollover;
c) Fall of objects penetration by objects;
d) Break~up of parts rotating at high speed;
e) Contact of persons with machine parts or tools (pedestrian

controlled machines).
21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions 5.1.2.7
21.6 Inadequate lighting 5.2.1
21.7 Inadequate seating does not apply
21.8 Noise at the work position does not apply
21.9 Vibration at the work position does not apply
21.10 Insufficient means for evacuation / emergency exit does not apply
22 Due to the control system
22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls does not apply
22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their mode of does not apply
. operation
23 From handling the machine (lack of stability) does not apply
24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power
24.1 Hazards from the engine and the batteries does not apply
24.2 Hazards from transmission of power between machines does not apply
24.3 Hazards from couping and towing does not apply
25 From/to third persons does not apply
25.1 Unauthorised start-up/use does not apply
25.2 Drift of a part away from its stopping position does not apply
25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means· does not apply
26 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator 7
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events

27.1 from load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by:
27.1.1 lack of stability does not apply
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading, overloading, overtuming moments 5.2.2
exceeded

No . Hazards Requirements·
Relevant clause(s)
ofthis document
27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.5

27.1.4 Unexpected / unintended movement of loads 5.2.4,5.4
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 5.6,5.7.6,5.7.9,
5.8.6, 5.9.4, 5.9.5
27.1.6 collision of more than one machine does not apply
27.2 from access of persons to load support does not apply
27.3 from derailment 5.10
27.4 from insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.0, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5,
5.7.6,5.7.7,5.7.9,
5.8.1, 5.8.4, 5.8.5,
5.8.6, 5.9.2, 5.9.4,
5.9.5,5.10
27.5 from inadequate design of pulleys, drums 5.7.2,5.7.4,5.6
27.6 from inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting and 5.6,5.7.1,5.7.3,
accessories and their inadequate integration into the machine 5.7.5,5.7.7,5.7.8,
5.7.9,5.8.1,5.8.2,
5.8.3, 5.8.4, 5.8.5,
5.8.6, 5.9.1, 5.9.2,
5.9.3, 5.9.4, 5.9.5
·27.7 from lowering of the load under the control of friction brake 7.2
27.8 from abnormal conditions of assembly/testingluse/maintenance 7
27.9 from the effect of load on persons (impact by load or does not apply
counterweight)
28 Electrical hazards
28.1 from lightning does not apply
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles
29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position does not apply
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to underground work
30 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to: does not apply
30.1 Lack of stability of powered roof supports does not apply
30.2 Failing accelerator or brake control of machinery running on rails does not apply
30.3· Failing or lack of deadman's control of machinery running on rails does not apply
31 Restricted movement of persons does not apply
32 Fire and explosion does not apply
33 Emission of dust, gases etc. does not apply
Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to the lifting or moving
of persons .
34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to: does not apply
34.1 Inadequate mechanical strength - inadequate working does not apply
coefficients
FEM document 9.75608.2004 (E) Page 15 of 57 .

Table 1 ~ (concluded)
Relevant Clause(s)
of this docment
34.2 Failing of loading control does not apply

34.3 Failing of controls in person carrier (function, priority) does not apply
34.4 Overspeed of person carrier does not apply
35 Falling of person from person carrier does not apply
36 Falling or overtuming of person carrier does not apply
37 Human error, human behaviour does not apply
4.1 Risk estimation considering the mode of application
4.1.1 Hoists for assembling and mounting purposes, no load movement above persons
(Single hoists or hoists in groups)
4.1.2 Single hoists used above persons

(Risk consideration single hoists used above persons, cases of application nos. 1 to 12, see figure A.7, A8).
4.1.3 Single hoists for transport of persons (only in theatre applications) 1
(Risk consideration single hoists used above persons, cases of application nos. 5, 6 and 11, 12, see
figure A7, A8).
Transport of persons in theatre applications is not covered by the Machinery Directive.
1 Transport of persons in scenic applications is not covered by the Machinery Directive
FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) . Page 16 of 57

Risk consideration single hoist used above persons ( 5.1.2 )
(Hoists for assembling and mounting purposes are excluded)
Power operated single hoist

Hand operated single hoist
T
Use above persons'
I
I
Use with a view of Use without a view of
the load movement the load movement
I
I I I
Hoist Hoist Hoist Hoist
statically dynamically statically dynamically
loaded loarled loaded load,ed
I
I I I I I
Hoist firmly Hoist mobile -loist firmly installed Hoist firmly Hoist mobile Hoist firmly in-
installed or mobile installed stalled or mobile
I I I I
I I I I 1 I I I I I I
Load Load Load Load Sce- Load Load Load Load Load Sce- Load
se- not se- not nic dyna- se· not se- not nic dyna-
cured secured cured secured move- - mic cured secured cured secured move - mic
ment ment
8008 00 8 0 0 8 88
FEM-Oocument 9.756 08.2004 (0) Page 17 of57
5 Safety requirements and/or measures .
5.0 General
Power driven hoists shall be classified in groups of mechanisms in accordance with ISO 4301 :1986-1 or
FEM 9.511 (06.1986) according to the operational requirements and conditions of application.
Power driven hoists be constructed in accordance with prEN 14492-2:1998, FEM 1.001 (10.1998) and
FEM 9.901 (12.1991Y.
Hand-operated hoists shall be dimensioned in accordance with prEN 13157:1998.
Hoists shall have sufficient strength properties in accordance with the requirements of this rule and, if
relevant, the requirements of Annexes Band C and the relevant EN standards. This shall also apply
considering normal wear and ageing.
Supporting construction elements of the hoists shall be made of hardly inflammable materials.
Accessible parts shall not possess sharp edges, sharp angles or protruding parts which may cause
injuries. In particular edges shall be trimmed, f1anged or cut. .
Construction,location or safeguarding of moving parts lying in the kinematic chain (shafts, fans, wheels,
gearwheels, belts, couplings) shall offer protection against hazards caused by possible contact of
exposed persons during intended use.
Detachable connections shall be secured against self-loosening.
The hazard of burning during a hoisting operation, caused by contact of the skin of the operator with hot
surfaces of the hoist, shall be reduced in accordance with the principles of EN 563.
5.1 Safety requirements for single hoists for special purposes

In all cases, operation by trained personnel is the precondition for the use.
In the following, it is assumed that the hoists, concerning use, are dimensioned in relation to hook path
and cycle frequency.
5.1.1 Hoists for assembling and mounting purposes, no load movement above persons (single
hoists or several hoists operated in groups)
Assembling hoists, whether mobile or firmly installed, are power driven hoists in accordance with
FEM 9.761 (05.1998) and hand-operated hoists in accordance with prEN 13157:19~8, exclusively for
load transport during assembling. The instructions for use shall contain particular information describing
the use of these assembling hoists. Also hoists constructed as so-called climbing hoists may be used as
assembling hoists. Assembling hoists are preferably marked as SUCh.
When using several assembling hoists, the loads shall be distributed equally. During the lifting and
lowering operation, the working area shall be cordoned off for reasons of protection of persons. After
lifting, the loads shall be secured.
5.1.2 Single hoists in use above persons.

Principal requirements:
As it is possible that persons stay under the load, all componentries of a hoist being actively involved in
power transmission and lying in the kinematic chain between hoist suspension point and load shall be
dimensioned such that in case of one fault occurring a hazardous operating condition (e.g. uncontrolled
load movement, dropping of the load) is prevented.
The information in the instructions for use, in partiCUlar the information relating to the rated load (reduced
capacity) and the possibility of an overloading, shall be observed.
Capacity and nature of the suspension point shall be appropriate for the intended purpose of the hoist.
.The instructions for use shall contain information relating to this particular purpose and also relating to
the necessity of an obligation to carry out maintenance as well as indications about the maintenance
periods. . .

The measures aiming at achieving safe operating periods, as given in FEM 9.755 (06.1993), shall be
observed.
Principally, a first and second lifting and lowering Iimiter in accordance with 5.2.5 shall be provided
(terminal stopping switch and final limit switch).
Power driven hoists shall be used in accordance with FEM 9.761 (05.1998). Additional requirements for
the hoist are described for the corresponding cases·of application.
Hand-operated hoists shall be used only for cases of application 1 to 6. Additional requirements for the
hoist are described for the corresponding cases of application.
5.1.2.1 Case ofappllcation 1 (static load, hoist firmly installed, load secured after lifting off)
Direct acting lifting force Iimiters in the kinematic: chain are admissible.
After lifting, the loads shall be secured.
Where one hoist possesses several falls or where several hoists are operated in groups, the load
distribution shall be known.
During the lifting and lowering operation, the working area shall be cordoned off for reasons of protection
of persons.
5.1.2.2 Case of application 2 (static load, hoist firmly installed, load not secured after lifting off)
Fault exclusion by dimensioning the complete hoist for 2 times the rated load; for dimensioning, 400 full
load life hours in accordance with FEM 9.511 (06.1986) shall be taken as a basis.
The rated load shall be known. For a hoist with several falls, also the load distribution shall be known.
Example: Rated load e.g. 500 kg, 1Bm. use of one hoist in 1Bm, with a rated capacity of 1000 kg.
Direct acting lifting force Iimiters lying in the kinematic chain between the load and the securing devices
are admissible, but shall be set to 2 times the rated load..
Hand-operated hoists shall be dimensioned for 2 times the rated load. During the lifting and lowering
operation, the working area shall be cordoned off for reasons of protection of persons.
As soon as the load is positioned, the power driven hoist shall be separated from the energy supply
(5.11.3, 5.12.3, 5.13.3).
Appropriate measures shall prevent an unauthorized restarting (e.g. key-lockable disconnecting device).
5.1.2.3 Case of application 3 (static load, hoist mobile, load secured after lifting off)
As case of application 1.
5.1.2.4 Case of application 4 (static load, hoist mobile, load not secured after lifting off)
Fault exclusion by dimensioning the complete hoist for 2 times the rated load; for dimensioning, 400 full
load life hours in accordance with FEM 9.511 (06.1986) shall be taken as a basis.
The rated load shall be known. Also, in case of a hoist with several falls, the load distribution shall be
known.
Example: Rated load e.g. 250 kg, 1Bm. Use of one hoist in 1Bm, with a rated capacity of 500 kg.
Independent from their rated capacity, power driven hoists shall be equipped with a lifting force Iimiter in
accordance with 5.2.2, the triggering limit of which is set ace. to the rated load.
The use of direct acting lifting force Iimiters is admissible.

However, if this lifting force Iimiter lies within the kinematic chain between the load and the securing
measures, it shall be set to 2 times the rated load; furthermore, an additional, indirect acting lifting force
Iimiter shall be used the triggering limit of which is set ace. to the rated load.
Hand-operated hoists shall be dimensioned for 2 times the rated load. The rated load shall be known.
For a hoist with several falls, also the load distribution shall be known.
During the lifting and lowering operation, the working area shall be cordoned off for reasons of protection·
of persons.

As soon as the load is positioned, the power driven hoist shall be separated from the energy supply
(5.11.3,5.12.3,5.13.3). - . .
Appropriate measures shall prevent an unauthorized restarting (e.g. key-lockable disconnecting device).
5.1.2.5 Case of application 5 (load dynamic)

The hoist mechanims shall be marked corresponding to this case of application, and it shall fulfill one of
the following requirements: .
a) Use of a hand-operated or power driven hoist and installation of an additional, appropriate protective
device against load dropping, acting directly on the load.
The rated load shall be known. For a hoist with several falls, also the load distribution shall be
known.
or
b) redundant design of the power driven hoist (load handling attachments, hoisting media, drive,
gearboxes, pneumatic and hydraulic drives incl. supply, supporting parts, suspension); direct acting
lifting force Iimiters are admissible only for pneumatically or hydraulically driven hoists. Each hoist
shall be dimensioned for the rated load (at least 1Bm, 400 full load hours)
and
the monitoring of the loading of the individual hoists shall be effected by indirect acting lifting force
limiters the triggering limit of which is set acc. to the rated load
and the compensating lever shall be provided with cushioning devices which, in case of failure of
one hoist, minimize the forces of the rearrangement impact.
The rated load shall be known. For a hoist with several falls, also the load distribution shall be known·
or
c) fault exclusion by dimensioning the complete power driven hoist (load handling attachments,hoisting
media, drive, gearbox, pneumatic and hydraulic drives incl. supplies, supporting parts, suspension)
for 2 times the rated load; for the dimensioning, 400 full load life hours in accordance with FEM 9.511
(06.1986) shall be taken as a basis.
known.
Example: Rated load e.g. 250 kg, 1Bm. Use of one hoist in 1Bm, with a rated capacity of 500 kg.
and
independent of its rated capacity, the hoist is equipped with a lifting force Iimiter in accordance with
5.2.2, the triggering limit of which is set ace. to the rated load.
The use of direct acting lifting force Iimiters is admissible; however, these shall be set at a value of
2 times the rated load, and the use of an additional, indirect acting lifting force limiter the triggering
limit of which is set acc. to the rated load is always required
and
the hoist is equipped with two safeguarding measures acting independently from each other.
These safeguarding measures are e.g.:
- two brakes acting independently from each other under each operating condition;
- two seat valves independent from each other and arranged in series, orcombinations of safety
devices against pipe breaks and clamping devices.
Each one of these safeguarding measure~ shall be capable to brake down and hold the load alone. It
shall be possible to check the effectivity of each of these safeguarding measures individually.
and

design of the complete control system of the power driven hoist, in particular the energy supply
monitoring, control of the drive, control of the safeguarding measures and the Iimitersignal
processing in such a way that occurrence of one fault cannot lead to a hazardous operating condition
or
d) Hand-operated hoists shall be dimensioned for 2 times the rated load and shall be equipped .
additionnally with a second brake. Each brake shall be capable of braking down and holding the
load.
It shall be possible to check the brakes individually.
known.
For all alternatives ( a) - d) ), the following shall be considered:

When dimensioning and constructing the hoists and supporting structures, load increases caused by
engagement of the safety elements shall be taken into account.
When determining the change-over points, overrun paths caused by response delays of the safety
elements shall be taken into account. .
5.1.2.6 Case of application 6:

As case of application 5.
5.1.2.7 Cases of application 7 -12 (as 1 -6, but load is not always or safely visible)
Hand~operated hoists shall be used only for cases 8 and 9 of application.
In addition to the requirements for cases of application 1 - 6, an underload switch-off in accordance with
5.2.6 shall be fitted.
If one hoist contains several falls, all falls shall be monitored individually.
5.1.3 Single hoists for transport of persons (in theatre applications only)
Transport of persons in theatre applications is not covered by the Machinery Directive (see part
98/37/EG).
Principally, the requirements of 5.1.2 shall apply; in addition, the recovery of a person in the event of
hoist failure shall be possible.
Otherwise, the requirements for the single hoist are the same as for cases ofapplication 5, 6, 11 and 12.
5.2 Devices
5.2.1 Manually actuated control devices
Control devices for starting power driven hoists shall be designed such that the drive is interrupted when
the actuating elements are released.
Note: This requirement is fulfilled by hold-ta-run control devices.

Actuating elements of control devices shall be designed or arranged in such a way as to
prevent unintentional operation.
Actuating elements of control devices shall be designed, arranged and marked in such a way that their
assignments, direction of operation and switching state are unmistakably recognisable (FEM 9.941 and
EN 12077-1).
In dark or non-illuminated environments, the direction of movement of the hoist shall be clearly indicated
when actuating the control device for the hoisting command.
If the manually actuated control devices are used only for setting mode, it shall be ensured that the
setting mode has priority over the normal operation (e.g. automatic mode, control system overridden).
5.2.2 Lifting force Ilmiters

5.2.2.1 General
Hoists with a rated capacity of 1000 kg or more shall be equipped with a lifting force Iimiter, if this is not
already generally required for the particular case ofapplication.
Lifting force Iimiters shall satisfy the requirements of FEM 9.761 (01.1995) "Series lifting equipment-
lifting force Iimiters for controlling the loading of motorised series hoist mechanisms".
Safety-related components of lifting force Iimiters shall correspond at least to category 1, electronic
evaluation devices incorporated in these shall correspond at least to category 2 according to EN 954-
1:1997.
The necessity to prOVide a rated capacity indicator in accordance with EN 12077-2:1998 shall be verified
by carrying out a risk analysis for the respective case of application.
5.2.2.2 Triggering limit

EN 12077-2:1998, 5.4:1.2, and FEM 9.761 (01.1995), section 6, shall be considered when setting the
triggering limit of the lifting force limiter. Setting arid checking of the triggering limit shall be carried out in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
In the case of a direct acting lifting force limiter, the setting shall be done in a way that a load of 110 % of
the rated capacity can be lifted at the maximum rated hoisting speed to perform the dynamic overload
.test without changing the setting of the lifting force Iimiter. It shall be ensured that when all tolerances are
taken into account a load of 160 % of the rated capacity shall not be lifted with this setting.
In the case of an indirect acting lifting force Iimiter, the setting shall be done in a way that a load of more
than 125 % of the rated capacity will trigger the Iimiter with all tolerances being taken into consideration.
When the lifting force limiter is triggered, this load shall not be lifted over a distance greater than the lifting
path travelled during one second at rated hoisting speed.
5.2.3 Stopping in the event of an emergency

Hoists shall be provided with an emergency stop device· corresponding to EN 418:1994 so that it is
possible to stop a hazardous movement from the point of operation. This device shall correspond to
stopping category O.
Electrically powered hoists shall be designed according to 5.13.5, pneumatically powered hoists shall
designed according to 5.11.4 and hydraulically powered hoists shall be designed according to 5.12.4 of
this rule.
5.2.4 Phase failure

Electrically powered hoists shall be made in such a way that, if a phase should fail
- the load shall not drop;
- the load shall not make any uncontrolled movements.
The mechanical limit speed of the motor shall not be reached in this case.
5.2.5 Lifting and lowering Iimiters

Hoists shall be equipped with automatically operating lifting and lowering Iimiters according to EN 12077-
2:1998 which limit the upward and downward movements.
Lifting and lowering Iimiters include, for example, electrical, positive opening limit switches, adjustable
friction clutches or relief valves.
After the lifting and lowering Iimiters have been triggered, motion in the opposite direction shall still be
possible.
It shall be possible to verify that the lifting and lowering Iimiters are functioning properly.
After triggering of a Iimiter, it shall be ensured that the Iimiter does not return to its neutral position until
the part that has triggered the Iimiter has left the corresponding limited area. The lowering Iimiter shall
ensure that the minimum engagement of the hoisting medium is maintained at any time during operation.

i;
The lowering Iimiter shall also stop the movement in order to prevent unwanted winding into the opposite
direction.
If for mobile cases of application of the hoist (3-6 and 9-12) the first movement Iimiter needs to be
readjusted, this shall be done only by specially trained staff.
Apart from the aforementioned Iimiters, second Iimiters shall be provided according to EN 12077-2:1998,
clause 5.6.1.4. Indication and restart are not necessary if the second Iimiter is a friction clutch designed
to absorb the kinetic energy.
If for ,a movement a second Iimiter is provided behind the first, such a second limiter should possess
another circuit than the first and should initiate a stop function of category 0 (see subclause 9.2.2 of
EN 60204-32:1998).
Power circuits for the first Iimiters may contain electronic devices (see subclause 9.4 of EN 60204-
32:1998). ,
The second Iimiters shall be of the electromechanical type and shall have a positive opening function
(see subclause 3.46 of EN 60204-32:1998).
If, for testing purposes, an overriding device is provided for the first Iimiter, this shall be only a hold-ta-run
control device.
The second Iimiters shall not be equipped with overriding devices.
5.2.6 Underload switch-off device

Power driven hoists shall be fitted with an underload switch-off device switching off or preventing the
lowering operation, in order to prevent a hazard which may be generated e.g. by a guided load (see
figure A.6) becoming stuck or by the touching down of invisible loads.
If a hoist possesses several load falls, all falls shall be monitored individually.
The triggering limit of the underload switch-off device is reached when one of the following conditions
applies: ' ,
a) The load is less or equal than 20 % of the rated capacity

or
b) the load has decreased by 10 % more.
5.2.7 Categories of controls

For the cases of application 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, all safety-related parts of controls listed hereafter shall
conform to category 1 of EN 954-1: 1997; if these devices contain electronic evaluation devices, these
shall conform to category 2.
The stop function of wireless control systems shall conform to category 3.
For cases of application 5, 6 and 11, 12, all safety-related parts of control systems listed hereafter shall
conform to category 3 of EN 954-1: 1997.
5.2.1 Control devices
5.2.2 Lifting force limiters
5.2.3 Emergency stop device
5.2.5 Lifting and lowering Iimiters
5.2.6 Underfoad switch-off device
5.11.3 Control devices I controls (pneumatic)
5.11.4 Control units I control systems (pneumatic)
5.11.7 Protective measures (pneumatisch)

5.12.4 Control devices I controls (hydraulic)
5.12.7 Protective measures (hydraulic)
5.13.3· Power feed isolating and switching devices
5.13.4 Overload protection of motors
5.3 Couplings
Couplings shall be made in such a way that in case of a failure of elastic elements, there is a positive
engagement of metal parts.
5.4 Brakes
Brakes of hoists shall be constructed in such away that movements are decelerated and that unwanted
movements are prevented. In addition to the rated capacity of the hoist, the moment of inertia of the
rotating masses, the triggering limit of the lifting force Iimiter and the maximum speed in the downward
direction at rated capacity (e~g. in the event of phase failure, see 5.2.4) shall also be considered in this
respect.
Brakes shall engage automatically in the following cases:
a) the control device returns to its neutral position;
b) the emergency stop function is activated;
c) the extemal power supply to the brake is interrupted;
d) the power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) is interrupted.
In addition to letters a) to d), brakes shall automatically. engage in the case of 3-phase motors when two
phases of the electrical power supply of the corresponding drive (= motor) are interrupted.
If a brake spring breaks, this shall not result in unintentional load movements. Brake springs shall be
designed as compression springs, e.g. helical springs, which are guided and secured against
intertwining. .
If the braking force is supplied by prestressed springs, the failure of any spring in the braking system
shall not reduce the available braking torque by more than 20 %. This can be achieved, for example:
- by using at least 5 springs.
- When using less than 5 helical springs, these shall be dimensioned such that the wire diameter is
greater than pitch/2 in the working condition to prevent screwing in of the two spring parts in the
event of a wire break.
Brake linings shall be made of asbestos-free material. It shall be easily possible to check the wear of the
brake Iinings~
It shall be possible to check, adjust and replace the brake or the brake linings. If a constructive
connection is provided between the brake lining and brake lining holder, it shall be ensured that this
connection cannot loosen unintentionally.
5.5 Gearboxes
Gearboxes shall be dimensioned according to the expected loads taking into account the classification in
groups of mechanisms according to ISO 4301:1986 or FEM 9.511 (06.1986). .
5.6 Load hooks

Load hooks shall correspond to prEN 13135-2: 2000.

5.7 Rope drives
5.7.1 General
The values of the individual rope angles in the highest hook position shall be taken as a basis for
calculating the rope forces of multiple-fall rope reeving arrangements. Additional rope forces are not
taken into consideration if all angles between the ropes and the vertical are less than or equal to 22,5 0 •
The lateral deflection of the wire rope from the groove level shall not exceed 4 0 (1: 15). Here, type and
quality of the rope shall be taken into account.
Consideration shall be given to the maximum lateral deflection of the wire rope (ex) when designing the
shape of rope grooves (figure 1).
1'-1-/
Ij~
I
'Q!\
Figure 1
The rope running off the rope drum shall neither come into contact with the rope already wound on the
drum nor with the tip of the unwound groove profile. In the case of rope sheaves, the rope shall not run
on the edge of the groove section.
Rope drives shall be dimensioned in accordance with ISO 4308-1 :1986 or FEM 9.661 (06.1986).
5.7.2 Rope drums

It shall be ensured that ropes cannot run off the side of the rope drums.
Suitable measures are, for example, rope guides used together with limiting devices according to 5.2.5,
flanged drum end plates or casings.
Rope drums shall be provided with rope grooves. The rope grooves shall be provided with a groove
radius of (0,525 to 0,55) x nominal rope diameter. The rope groove depth shall be between 0,30 and
0,45 of the. nominal rope diameter.
The distance between the rope grooves shall be selected such that a sufficient distance remains
between the individual rope windings on the rope drum taking into consideration the tolerances of the
rope diameter.
Rope drums shall be designed such that the ropes can be securely attached to them without damage by
bending. The fiXing points shall be arranged in such a way that the ropes can be fixed without hindrance.
Rope run-on points shall be guarded to prevent accidental ingress of parts of the human body.
On hand-operated hoists, the drum diameter shall be at least 18 x d.
Flanged drum end plates shall protrude beyond the top layer of the rope wound on the drum by at least
1,5 times the nominal rope diameter.
For hand-operated hoists, the rope drums shall be provided with grooves for the cases of application 2,
4, 5, 6. The ropes shall be wound only in a single layer.

For the cases of appliCation 1 and 3, single-layer winding and grooves on the drum are not required for
hand-operated hoists.
5.7.3 Ropes
Ropes used in rope drives shall be designed suitably for the particular application and be made of
suitable materials so that they withstand the permissible stresses.
Ropes shall be rated for a period of service that exceeds the inspection intervals specified by the
. manufacturer (for intended use).
In the case of a non-guided load suspended by a single rope, rotation-resistant ropes shall be used.
. Suitable rope designs are those that comply, for example, with ISO 2408:1985.
Discarding criteria shall be visually recognizable (see ISO 4309:1990).
Rope ends shall be made in such a way that the. rope structure does not loosen.
For hand-operated hoists, the rope safety shall be at least 8 (ratio minimum breaking load to rated load).
For the cases of application 5, 6 and 11, 12, the ratio of the minimum breaking load to rated load shall be
at least 10.
5.7.4 Rope sheaves

Rope sheaves shall be provided with a suitable means of preventing the rope from jumping out of the
grooves (e.g. when the rope is slack).
The distance between the edge of the sheaves and the protective components shall not exceed 0,5 x
rope diameter.
If a rope sheave breaks, the rope shall not slip off the sheave shaft.
Rope grooves on rope sheaves shall have a groove radius of (0,525 bis 0,55) x nominal rope diameter.
The opening angle of the rope sheave shall be symmetrical and between 30° C and 60° C.
The depth of the grooves shall not be less than 1,4 x rope diameter.
Rope run-on points on rope sheaves shall, with the exception of compensating sheaves, be covered
and, in the hand area, be designed in such a way as to largely prevent manual ingress.
Sheave diameters shall be dimensioned in accordance with the group of mechanisms. In case of hand-
operated hoists, the deflection sheave diameter shall be at least 20 x d.
5.7.5 Rope gUides/rope runs

Rope drives shall be designed and arranged in such a way that the ropes are guided safely and
protected against unusual wear.
Appropriate means shall prevent ropes from lifting off the predetermined rope drum grooves as a result
of slack rope.
Rope drives shall be arranged iil such a way that damage to the ropes by contact between them and
with fixed and moving structures is prevented.
5.7.6 Rope fastening on the rope drum

Rope fastenings on the rope drum shall be made in such a way that, allowing for the friction of the
windings still on the drum, a force amounting to 2,5 times the static rope tensile force can be
accomodated at rated capacity. The coefficient of friction between wire rope and contact surfaces shall
be assumed to be J.l = 0,1.
At the lowest position of the carrying medium, there shall be at least two rope windings on the drum
before the erid fastening.
FEM document
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9.756 08.2004
. (E) Page 26 of 57
The fastening elements shall be matched to the rope and drum contours. The rope shall not be led over
edges.
5.7.7 Rope suspensions

Rope suspensions shall be designed in such a way that bending of the rope and other additional loads
on the wire rope are avoided. .
In the case of wire ropes which are not of the non-twisting type, the rope suspension shall be made in
such a way that it is not possible for the wire rope to twist about its longitudinal axis. For non-rotating
resp. rotation-resistant wire ropes, the suspension may allow the wire rope to twist about its longitudinal
axis.
Rope suspensions shall be dimensioned such that they can accomodate 2,5 times the static rope tensile
force at rated capacity without permanent deformation. This requirement shall apply to all parts in direct
contact with the rope.
5.7.8 Compensating levers

If a compensating lever is used in place of a compensating sheave, it shall be possible to adjust the
differences in length between the two ropes in the rope drive when the lever adopts an impermissible
inclined position.
5.7.9 Rope end connections

The following may be used as rope end connections:
- Asymmetrical wedge socket c1evis;

Rope wedge and rope socket shall be marked with the rope diameter. The free end of the rope shall
be secured against pulling out. The protective device shall be able to take up 10 % of the static rope
tensile force at rated capacity;
- Cast rope sockets;
- Aluminum rope clamps with thimble;
- .Flemish eye with steel rope clamps and thimble.
Round thimbles, symmetrical socket clevis and wire rope grips are not allowed as rope end connections.
The rope end connections shall be in accordance with the following standards:
prEN 13411-6:1999 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety -

Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket c1evis
EN 13411:2002-4 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety -

Part 4: Metal and resin socketing.
prEN 13411-3:1999 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety -

Part 3: Ferrule-secured eyes
EN 13411-1:2002 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety-

Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings.
EN 13411-2:2002 Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety-

Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings.
5.8 Chain drives

5.8.1 General
Calculation and specification of the components of chain drives with round steel chains shall be in
accordance with FEM 9.671 (10.1988) or EN 818-7:2002, Annexes A and B.

The components of the chain drive, i.e. chain, chain drive sprockets, retum wheels and chain guides
shall match each other in terms of dimensions and materials. With the planned lubrication, chains shall
reach readiness for discarding without fatigue rupture.
5.8.2 Chains
Round steel link chains shall be in accordance with EN 818-7:2002.
Roller chains shall be in accordance with ISO 60Q:1997 (see also DIN 8187). The ratio of minimum
breaking force to rated load for roller chains shall not be less than 6.
For cases of application 5, 6, 11 and 12, the ratio of minimum breaking force to rated load for round steel
link chains and roller chains shall be at least 10.
5.8.3 Chain sprockets and wheels

Chain drive sprockets and chain retum wheels shall be made in one piece. In the case of two-piece
chain sprockets, the arrangement of the two halves shall be positive.
Chain run-on points on chain wheels and sprockets shall be provided with protection in the hand area to
prevent manual ingress.
5.8.4 Chain guides, chain boxes

Chain drives shall be provided with devices which ensure that the chain runs properly over chain drive
sprockets and chain return wheels and which prevent the chain from jumping out, twisting and jamming.
Chain run-in points on chain guides shall be of such narrow design that a hazard caused by manual
ingress is largely prevented.
The chain box shall be dimensioned in relation to the lifting height.
The chain end shall be fastened to the chain box to prevent the chain from falling out completely.
The risk analysis for use above persons shall take into account a hazard caused both by the chain falling
out of the chain box and the chain box or parts of it falling down.
5.8.5 Chain suspensions

Chain suspension devices shall be dimensioned such that they can accomodate 4 times the static chain
tensile force at rated capacity without rupture. This requirement shall apply to all parts in direct contact
with the chain.
Connections on chain suspensions which can be opened shall be secured to prevent them from
unintentionally opening. The state of the fastening shall be verifiable.
5.8.6 Securing the chain against running off

The unloaded end of the chain shall be secured against running off the chain sprocket.
The safety deVice shall be dimensioned such that it can accomodate 4 times the static chain tensile force
at rated capacity without rupture.
5.9 Belt drives

. 5.9.1 General
The device shall be designed such that the belt is subject to uniform loading over its entire width under·
load conditions.
. 5.9.2 Belts
Belts used as load-bearing media in lifting appliances shall be of appropriate design for the particular
operating conditions and be made of suitable materials so that they withstand the permissible stresses,
and shall be rated for a period of service exceeding the inspection interval specified by the manufacturer.
Discarding criteria shall be externally recognizable. A sufficient period of service shall remain between
readiness for discarding and rupture. The discarding criteria shall be clearly defined in the operating
instructions. Attention shall be drawn to maintenance and care of the belt by means of instructions.

>.; , I ::~, I :'.: . ' :
, ,.
,
The materials of the belt shall be such that
- environmental influences do not result in premature failure;
- damage caused by sharp edges or temperature influences does not lead to sudden failure of the
belt;
- contact with the belt does not constitute a hazard of injury due to the nature of the belt, e.g. in the
case of thin steel belts.
The belt shall be marked with the following key data:
- material/materials;
- tensile strength (breaking force);
- dimensions;
- operating limit temperatures.
The ratio of minimum breaking force of the belt to rated load shall not be less than 5 for belts with a
metallic inlay and not less than 7 for belts with no metallic inlay.
For cases of application 5, 6, 11 and 12, the ratio between minimum breaking .force and rated load shall
be at least 10.
5.9.3 Belt guide / belt sheaves / belt drum

The ratio of belt sheaves and drum diameter (D) to the rated belt thickness (s) shall be at least
18 (D/s ~ 18).
If slack belt is possible, provisions shall be made to ensure tight winding of the belt. It shall be ensured
that the belt is not able to run off the side of the sheave or drum. Rims shall be designed in such a way
that they do not damage the belt which runs against them.
If inclined pulling is possible, measures shall be taken to avoid excessive loading in the edge zones, e.g.
moveable suspension of the lifting appliance.
5.9.4 Fastening to the drum

Belt drums shall be designed in such a way that the belts can be securely attached to them without
damage by bending.
The fastening shall be able to accomodate a force amounting to 2,5 times the static belt tensile force at
rated capacity, allowing for the friction of two windings remaining on the drum. The specific friction values
of the particular materials shall be considered for calculation of the friction torque. It shall be assumed
that lubricants are present on the materials.
It shall be ensured that a minimum of two remaining windings cannot be unwound and that the belt
cannot be wound onto the drum in the wrong direction.
5.9.5 Belt suspensions

Belt suspension devices shall be dimensioned such that they can accomodate 4 times the static belt
tensile force at rated capacity without destruction'of the suspension and its fastening elements. This
requirement shall apply to all parts in direct contact with the belt.·
Threaded connections on belt suspension devices shall be locked to prevent self-loosening. The state of
the fastening shall be verifiable.
5.10 Trolleys
5.10.1 General
Trolleys may be constructed either as an integral part of the hoist or as an independent device for
attaching the load or the hoist. .
5.10.2 Mechanical strength

Trolleys shall be constructed in accordance with the well-tried construction standards (e.g. FEM 1.001
(10.1998), DIN 15018, DIN 15070, BS 2573 parts 1 and 2).

Connections and individu.al components of trolleys shall be secured against self-loosening.
5.10.3 Brakes
Trolleys that move also vertically shall be controlled by a brake system at any time.
Power driven trolleys shall be controlled by a brake system at any time. The brake system shall be
designed such that is possible to brake down movements, to hold the trolley and to avoid unintended
movements.
Brakes shall engage automatically in the following cases:
a) the control device returns to its neutral position;
b) the emergency stop function is activated;
c) the extemal power supply to the brake is interrupted;
d) the power supply of the corresponding drive (::: motor) is interrupted.
In addition, brakes shall automatically engage in the case of 3-phase motors when two phases of the
electrical power supply of the corresponding drive (::: motor) are !nterrupted.
The requirements are fulfilled e.g. by:
e) self-locking drives;
f) automatical brakes;
g) devices in hydraulic or pneumatic systems which prevent movements of the trolley.
Brake linings shall not contain asbestos.
Unless the working conditions so require, manually moved trolleys do not need to be fitted with a braking
system. .
5.10.4 Operating chains (hand chain)

The operating chain of mechanically propelled trolleys shall be guided on the operating wheel in such a
way that the chain guidance system prevents it from coming off. .
5.10.5 Safety devices

Trolleys shall incorporate features to prevent unintentional derailment or accidental fall.This requirement
can be fulfilled by using devices such as guide rollers and/or wheel flanges.
Note: Suitable measures include among others trolley drop stops integrated into the design, or
derailment protection achieved by suitable geometry of the wheel bolts.
Climbing of the trolley shall be prevented in the case of monorail trolleys. This can be achieved by means
of appropriate design of the trolley components, for example.
HazardS resulting from falling components in the event of failure of a guide or travel element shall be
prevented. This is achieved, for example, by selecting suitable materials and sufficiently dimensioning
the components, taking into consideration the use for which they are intended.
The power driven travelling movement at the end of the hoistway shall be limited by using a limit switch-
off with a buffer provided as final limit stopping device.
Where several trolleys are used on one hoistway, collision of the trolleys shall be avoided by providing
suitable distances. .
For the cases of application 5, 6, 11 and 12, the trolleys shall be overdimensioned using a factor 2 to
rated load.
5.11 Pneumatic equipment of hoists

.The pneumatic equipment sh~1I comply with the provisions of EN 983 and the following requirements.
5.11.1 Pneumatic power supply
All components and operating materials shall be matched to each other such that a sufficient pneumatic
supply to the hoist is ensured under foreseeable defined operating conditions.
Components include, for example, valves, maintenance devices, line connectors. Operating materials
include, for example, the motor lubricant.
A sufficient air pressure shall be available at all parts of the equipment to fulfill all functions under all
operating conditions.
Loss of pressure shall not result in any hazards:
Filters shall be provided if contaminants can cause hazards, e.g. in control circuits.
5.11.2 Ambient conditions

The pneumatic equipment shall provide safe functioning under ambient conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer.
·5.11.3 Devices for disconnecting and controlling the power supply

Disconnection of the compressed air connection from the mains supply shall be possible without hazard
(see EN 1037:1995).
Unexpected start-up shall not be possible following disconneCtion of the supply.
The ,;DISCONNECT" function may be fulfilled by a quick-connect coupling or a threaded connection

together with a disconnecting valve at the mains power supply.
5.11.4 Pneumatic control circuits and control functions

Pneumatically powered series hoists shall be provided with an emergency stop device.
The emergency stop function shall correspond to category 0 (EN 418: 1994).
In case of indirect control, one of the two following requirements shall be fulfilled:
- The emergency stop function shall interrupt the main air circuit via an additional main air valve; this
valve shall be designed in such a way that sticking of the piston will not occur, or
- valve selection and a unit delivered together with the hoist providing the required air quality
(admissible dust content, admissible water content, oil content) ensure that sticking of the main air
valve piston will not occur. .
Note: Such a unit normally consists of filter, pressure regulator and oiler.
In case of direct control one of the following two requirements shall be fulfilled:
- The emergency stop function shall interrupt directly the main air circuit or .
- The actuating elements and the energy switching part of the hand control shall be positively
connected. The positive locking shall be designed in a way that the energy switching part can be .
retumed by hand to a stable neutral position.
Pull cord controls may be used, provided that they fulfill the above-mentioned requirement.
Apart from that, no further emergency stopping devices C!re required.
For hand controlled hoists in accordance with clause 5.2.1 of this rule, the requirement in EN 418: 1994
clause 4.1.12, according to which the resetting of the .Emergency stop" shall not be permitted to initiate
restarting, is fulfilled by the fact that restarting solely due to resetting of the emergency stopping device is
excluded owing to the automatically resetting operating elements.
The response times in pneumatic control air systems depend on control line lengths. If need be, long
response times shall be kept as short as possible (e.g. by additional valves).
Initiation of hoist movements by venting control lines is not admissible.

In the event of power failure or retum of the energy following an energy failure, the power valves shall
positively assume their neutral position. For direct controlled hoists, this requirement shall apply under
the prerequisite that the actuating devices of the control devices are released.
Power valves shall have sufficient venting cross sections in their neutral position to prevent malfunction
of the motor and brake.
Control devices for the starting of hoists shall be constructed in such a way that the working speed ofthe
drive, if variable by means of the control device, increases (resp. decreases) with rising (resp. falling)
path of actuation.
5.11.5 Pneumatic motors

Pneumatic motors shall be made in such a way that neither warming-up nor icing-up can create hazards.
When using pneumatic motors, significant differences in lifting and lowering speed of hoists may arise.
The occurring maximum speed shall be taken into account when dimensioning the hoist.
5.11.6 Pneumatically released brakes

Pneumatically released brakes shall be constructed such that unexpected lowering of the load is
prevented. This requirement is fulfilled e.g. when the brake does not release until the motor has
developed a sufficiently high torque for controlled movement or to hold the load.
Clause 5.4 specifies requirements for brakes.
5.11.7 Protective measures

The user information shall provide details relating to the required values for pressure and quantity as well
as for quality of the compressed air.
Those adjustable safety devices which can cause a hazardous situation if their pre-set values are
modified shall be secured against unauthorised readjustment.
Extemal devices for the pneumatic power supply, if they are safety-relevant, shall have visible means,
such as e.g.:
lead-seals;
covers;
cups;
which need to be destroyed before a readjustment can take place.
Extemal devices are e.g. inspection units normally consisting of filter, pressure regulator and oiler.
Visible means are not necessary if special tools specified by the manufacturer of the adjustable safety
device are necessary for the readjustment.
Movable elements, such as e;g. cylinders, shall be positioned or covered in such a way that a hazard for
persons or objects in the vicinity is excluded.
5.12 Hydraulic equipment of hoists

The hydraulic equipment shall conform to EN 982:1996 and the following requirements.
5.12.1 Hydraulic supply

All components and auxiliary materials shall match each other in such a Way that under foreseeable,
specified operating conditions a sufficient hydraulic supply of the hoist is ensured.
Components are e.g. valves and piping..
The components and materials used (e.g. metals, elastomeric materials, pressure liquids, greases) shall
be compatible with each other and shall withstand the operating conditions sufficiently. The user
information shall specify the pressure liquids to be used, as well as pressure and quantity of the liquid. If
contaminations can cause hazards, e.g. in control circuits, filters shall be provided.
Tubing shall be secured so that impermissible additional load (e.g. pressure, bending, temperature)
cannot occur during operation, and wear and corrosion are avoided.
Hoses shall be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. Hoses may be arranged fixed
or flexible. They shall be fixed in such a way that during installation no torsional stress due to twisting
occurs. The bending radius shall not be smaller than the admissible value. Damaging contact with
obstacles or adjacing construction elements shall be prevented.
The composition of the seals shall be selected so that they are compatible with the chemical composition
of the fluids used and shall continuously withstand the intended operating temperature, the operating
pressure and the operating speed permanently. .
No inadmissible leakages or extrusion shall occur.
5.12.2 Ambient conditions

The hydraulic equipment shall function safely under the ambient conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer.
5.12.3 Supply disconnecting and switching devices

Disconnection of the hydraulic supply from the mains supply shall be possible without hazard (see also
EN 1037:1995).
Unexpected start-up shall not be possible following disconnection of the supply.
The ~DISCONNECT" function may be fulfilled by quick-connect couplings or self~c1osing or non-closing

threaded connections together with disconnecting valves at the connections of the hydraulic supply.
. 5.12.4 Control circuits and control functions

Hydraulically driven hoists shall be equipped with an emergency stopping device which shall conform to
category 0 of EN 418: 1994.
Normally, the requirement in EN 418:1994, clause 4.1.12, according to which the resetting of the
emergency stopping device shall not be permitted to initiate restarting, is fulfilled for hand-controlled
hoists according to clause 5.2.1 of this rule by the fact that restarting due to resetting of the emergency
stopping device is excluded owing to the automatically resetting operating elements.
Initiating hoist movements by pressure relief of control lines is not admissible.
In the event of power failure, the power valves shall positively assume their neutral position. For direct
controlled hoists, this requirement shall apply under the prerequisite that the actuating devices of the
control devices are released.
Power valves shall be constructed in such a way that even in the event of intemalleakages occurring
they shall not be capable to generate any driving movements.
Control devices for the starting of hoists shall be constructed in such a way that the working speed of the
drive increases (resp. decreases) with rising (resp. falling) path of actuation, if the working speed
depends on the actuation path.
A relief valve shall be provided in the retum pipe of the pressure fluid of the hoisting motor, so that
disturbances of pressure and flow are avoided when lowering the load.
5.12.5 Energy converters

5.12.5.1 Motors
Hydraulic motors shall be dimensioned so that they are capable of absorbing the hydraulic forces safely.
For motors, where intemalleakage cannot be safely avoided, devices shall be provided which hold the
load in the event of energy failure, e.g. mechanical spring loaded brakes or self-locking gears.
5.12.5.2 Cylinders
The piston and the piston rod shall be connected to each other so that they, cannot detach during
operation.

Telescopic cylinders with two or more telescopic sections shall be such that the pistons cannot move out
of the cylinders. ..
The cylinders shall be installed in working devices in such a way that no inadmissible loads' due to
reaction occur.
Mechanical limit stops are admissible for limiting the strokes of cylinders, provided that they are
dimensioned such that they are able to absorb the occurring forces. Otherwise, the movements shall be
limited by using other devices (cushioning in the extreme positions, limit switches).
5.12.6 Hydraulically released brakes

Hydraulically released brakes shall be designed so that unexpected lowering of the load is prevented.
This requirements is fulfilled e.g. when the brake does not release until the motor has developed a
sufficiently high torque to effect a controlled movement or to hold the load.
Clause 5.4 specifies requirements for the brakes.
5.12.7 Protective measures

The user information shall specify the necessary values for pressure and quantity as well as quality of
the hydraulic fluid.
The system elements of hydraulic systems shall be selected and mounted in such a way that noise
generating pressure peaks and vibrations are avoided and that the noise emission shall not exceed the
specified maximum values.
5.12.7.1 Hydraulic protective measures

Hydraulic systems shall be safeguarded against overpressure of the fluid and against overspeed of the
load. These protective devices shall act on the hydraulic circuits and elements in such a way that flow
rate and pressure are limited to admissible values.
In the event of a power failure, it shall be possible to stop all movements. This may be achieved either
automatically or by using a manually actuated control device.
5.12.7.2 Mechanical protective measures

Hydraulic systems shall be constructed in such a way that bursting elements do not damage adjacent
elements and the surroundings or cause injury to persons.
Note: Protective devices may be e.g. hoods, covers or oil pans.
Moving elements (e.g. cylinders) shall be positioned and/or covered in such a way that hazards for
persons or objects are excluded.
5.12.7.3 Adjustable safety devices

Those adjustable safety devices which can cause a hazardous situation, if their pre-set values are
modified, shall be secured against unauthorized readjustment.
Extemal devices shall have visible means such as e.g.:
lead-seals;
- covers;
cups,
which need to be destroyed before a readjustment can take place.
Visible means are not necessary if special tools specified by the manufacturer of the adjustable safety
device are necessary for readjustment.
5.12.8 Reservoir
The reservoir shall be equipped with a fluid-level gauge. The reservoir size shall be selected so that the
fluid cannot overflow at all operating states.
The reservoir shall be located in the installation so that the necessary inflow into the pump is ensured.
The reservoir size shall be selected so that a sufficient fluid quantity within the permissible temperature
range is available at all operating states.
Aeration of the reservoir shall be provided in order to avoid impermissible underpressure or

overpressure.
5.12.9 Cooler/heating
If the permissible upper operating temperature value cannot be kept in the circuit by the container, a
cooler shall be provided. If the ambient temperature is lower than the lowest operating temperature, the
manufacturer shall provide for possibilities by means of which the liquid can be heated up to the required
temperature.
Note: This can be achieved e.g. by warming up the system without load or by fitting a heater.
5.12.10 Fire
Hydraulic systems shall be such that leaking fluid cannot cause a fire. Devices which may, ~each higher
temperatures when being operated (also electrical equipment through sparks or short-circuit), shall be
thermally separated from devices carrying oil by means of a suitable enclosure, in order to prevent
ignition. Under these circumstances, flame-retardant hydraulic fluid should be used.
5.12.11 Explosion hazards

Hydraulic systems with chambers or hollows shall be equipped with aeration equipment, in order to
prevent an explosion hazard. If hydraulic systems are used in an environment with an explosion hazard,
only flame-retardant hydraulic fluids shall be used.
5.13 The electrical equipment of single hoists operated above persons (5.2), hoists for
assembling purposes (5.1) or single hoists for the transport of persons (5.3).
The electrical equipment of hoists shall conform to EN 60204-32: 1998 with the following deviations:
5.13.1 Electrical supply

In addition to EN 60204-32:1998 clause 4.3.1, the hoist is reqiJired to be dimensioned such that in the
event of a voltage drop at the hoist of up to 5% between idle mode and peak current Of the largest motor
the hoist will operate correctly.
5.13.2 Ambient and operating conditions

Conformity with the prescriptions according to EN 60204-32:1998 clause 4.4.2 shall be proved in the
following way:
- either by submitting one sample of the hoist to testing
- or by proving the conformity with the EMC Directive for the electrical and electronic componentries of
the hoist.
5.13.3 Supply disconnecting and switching devices

In order to fulfill the requirements of EN 60204-32: 1998 clause 5.3, the following functions shall be
provided:
Disconnection of the electrical equipment from the mains power supply so that work may be
performed without the risk of electric shock or burning;
Switching-off in the event of emergency.
The nDisconnect" function maybe fulfilled by a crane-disconnector, a crane-supply switch, or a crane

switch.
The crane disconnector shall meet the requirements of EN 60204-32: 1998 clauses 5.3.2 to 5.3.4.
For the nDisconnecf function, the mains power supply or crane switch shall fulfill the requirements of
EN 60204-32:1998 clauses 5.3.2 to 5.3.4.
The nswitch-off' function in the event of an emergency may be fulfilled by a crane switch according to EN
60204-32:1998 clause 5.3.7.

5.13.4 Overload protection of motors
Hoist motors dimensioned in accordance with FEM 9.683 (10.1995) donot require protective measures
according to EN 60204-32:1998, clause 7.3.
5.13.5 Control circuits and control functions

The requirement in EN 60204-32:1998, clause 9.2.5.4.2, according to which the resetting of the
emergency stopping device shall not be permitted to initiate.restarting, is fulfilled for hand-controlled
hoists according to clause 5.2.1 of this rule by the fact that restarting initiated solely by resetting the
emergency stopping device is excluded due to the automatically resetting operating elements.
Note: The risk of a restart following resetting in the particular case of an internal fault occurring,
does not create a hazard as it is possible to stop the hand-controlled hoist anew.
A plug/socket device shall not be considered as emergency stop function.
5.13.6 Electric motors

See FEM 9.683 (10.1995).
5.14 Special requirements for non-Iine-commutated drives

These requirements refer particularly to hoists in the cases of application 5, 6, 11 and 12, as here hoists
with infinitely variable hoisting speed are used.
This applies also to all hoists with positioning control.
Hoists with adjustable speed electrical power drive systems, low voltage adjustable frequency AC power
driven systems shall be dimensioned in accordance with FEM 9.752 (07.2003).

6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
Compliance with each safety requirement and/or measure (given in section 5) shall be verified for the
first example of a series of hoists of the same type by a type test using the type test method specified in
table 2.
6.1 Series manufactured hoists used as single hoists in accordance with 5.1.1
Each hoist of the series shall be verified by an individual verification carried out in the plant, using the
method of individual verification specified in table 2. .
6.2 Series manufactured hoists used as single hoists in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3
Each hoist of the series shall be verified by an individual verification carried out in the plant, using the
method of individual verification specified in table 2~
The particular requirements for the hoist shall be taken into account for the intended case of application
and the selected type, and shall be verified by the individual verification.

Table 2 - Methods to be used to verify conformity with the safety requirements and/or measures
Clause no. ReqUirement Method of type test Method of individual verification
5.0; 5.1 Classification and construction Check of calculation; Dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity and
static test with 1,25 times the rated capacity to check the
Functional check to verify the classification (see
mechanical strength.
FEM 9.852)
And
dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity
and static test with 1,25 times the rated capacity to
check the mechanical strength and check of calculation.
5.2.1 . Control devices Functional check Functional check
Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.2.2.1 Hoisting Iimiters-
General Test by submitting the hoist to an overload condition and Test by submitting the hoist to an overload condition and .
checking that the controls have been overridden (see checking that the controls have been overridden (see EN
EN 12077-2:1998, clause 6) 12077-2:1998, clause 6)
Fricition torque Iimiters Test with rated capacity to confirm that the friction torque -
limiters satisfy the requirements of FEM 9.761 (01.1995)
after the hoisting movement having been stopped by the
housing of the hoist.
5.2.2.2 Triggering limits Test by increasing a freely supported load to confirm that Test by increasing the freely supported load, or acc. to a
the triggering limit of the load limiter is within the test method provided by the manufacturer to confirm that
tolerances defined by the manufacturer, and not without the triggering limit of the load limiter is within the
the admissible limit values. tolerances defined by the manufacturer, and not without
the admissible limit values.
5.2.3 Emergency stop function Functional check, visual inspection Functional check, visual inspection
5.2.4 Phase failure Test at rated capacity by interrupting one phase -
5.2.5 Hoisting and lowering Iimiters Functional check Functional check
5.2.6 Underload switch-off Functional check; if the hoist has several load falls, all Functional check
load falls shall be switched off individually.

Clause no. Requirement Method of type test Method of individual verification
5.3 Couplings Visual inspection -

5.4 Brakes Dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity. Dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity.
Visual inspection. Where 2 brakes are provided, each brake Visual inspection. Where 2 brakes are provided, each brake
shall be submitted individually to the dynamic overload test ~ shall be submitted individually to the dynamic overload test
1,1 times the rated capacity. ' with 1,1 times the rated capacity.
5.5 Gearbox see 5.1 -
5.6 Load hooks Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7 Rope drives
"
5.7.1 General Visual inspection Visual inspection
Check of calculation
5.7.2 Rope drum Visual inspection Visual inspection
Measurement
5.7.3 Ropes Check of calculation Visual inspection
Visual inspection
5.7.4 Rope sheaves Visual inspection Visual inspection
Measurement
5.7.5 Rope guides/ rope rul"!S Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.6 Rope fastening onto the rope Check of calculation Visual inspection
drumI Visual inspection
5.7.7 Rope anchorage Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.8 Compensating lever Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.7.9 Rope connections Visual inspection Visual inspection "

5.8 Chain drives

5.8.1 General Check of calculation Visuelle Inspektion
Visual inspection
5.8.2 Chains Check of calculation Visual inspection
Visual inspection
5.8.3 Chain sprockets Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.8.4 Chain guides, chain box Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.8.5 Chain suspensions Check of calculation Visual inspection
Visual inspection
5.8.6 Securing the chain Visual inspection Visual inspection
against running off
Dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity
5.9 Belt drives
5.9.1 General Visual inspection Visual inspection
5.9.2 Belt .Check of calculation -
5.9.3 Belt guide! Check of calculation -
Belt pulley Measurement
5.9.4 Fastening to the drum Check of calculation Visual inspection
Visual inspection
5.9.5 Belt suspensions Visual inspection Visual inspection


5.10; 5.10.1; Trolleys - Check of calculation, dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity and
5.10.2; 5.10.3 Functional check to verify the assignment of the trolley to static test with 1,25 times the rated capacity to check the .
- mechanical strength and check of calculation.
5.10.4; 5.10.5 the hoist
and
- Dynamic overload test with 1,1 times the rated capacity
and static test with 1,25 times the rated capacity to check
the mechanical strength and check of calculation.
5.11 Pneumatic equipment
Design of the equipment Visual inspection Visual inspection
conform to EN 983
Compliance of the
pneumatic equipment
with the technical
documentation
5.11.1 Safety in the event of Functional check that the hoist is always able to hold a -
pressure loss suspended load equal to the rated capacity when it is started
up at
-90%
-80%
-70%
-60%
of the rated pressure.
5.11.2 Safety in explosion Verification of the requirements of Directive 94/9/EG, Annex 11 . -
hazard areas

5.11.3 Mains power Check of function of the device Visual check of the equipment
disconnection device
5.11.4 Pneumatic control Functional check Functional check

circuits and control
functions
Emergency stop function Functional check, visual inspection Functional check, see also test required for 5.2.3
Visual inspection
5.11.5 Functional safety Functional check -
concerning temperature
rise or icing of the motors
5.f1.6 Design of the brake Functional check as for 5.11.1 -
against unexpected
lowering of the load
5.11.7 Protection against Visual inspection Visual inspection
changing preset values
of safety devices
Mechanical protection Visual inspection -
5.12 Hydraulic equipment
Design according to Visual inspection Visual inspection
prEN 982: 1996
Compliance of the
hydraulic equipment with
the technical
documentation

5.12.1 Safety in the event of Test that the hoist is always able to hold a suspended load -
pressure loss equal to the rated capacity when it is started up at
-90%
Hydraulic supply -80%
-70%
-60%
of the rated pressure.
Avoiding impermissible Visual inspection Visual inspection
additional stresses on
tubes
Avoiding impermissible Temperature measurement -
additional stresses on Visual inspection Visual inspection
hoses
5.12.2 • Environmental conditions Verification of the requirements of Directive 94/9/EG, Annex II -
5.12.3 Mains power Verification of the function of the device Visual check of the equipment
disconnection device
5.12.4 Control circuits and Functional check Functional check
control functions
Emergency stop Functional check, visual inspection Functional check, see also test for 5.2.3
Visual inspection .

5.1~.5; 5.12.5.1 Safe accomodation of Dynamic load test with 1,1 times the rated capacity at -
5.12.5.2 the hydraulic forces by. maximum permissible hydraulic pressure
motors
Holding of the load in the Functional check Functional check
event of internal leaks
Functional safety of Visual inspection Visual inspection
cylinders
Dynamic load test with 1,1 times the rated capacity at Functional check
maximum permissible hydraulic pressure.
5.12.6 Design of the brake Functional check as for 5.12.1 -
against unexpected
lowering of the load
5.12.7 Protective device against Check of circuit diagram Functional check
impermissibly high
Check of documentation: functional check
pressure
. Protection against Visual insp ection
changing preset values
of safety devices
Mechanical protection in Visual inspection Visual inspection
the case of moveable
elements
5.12.8 Reservoir Visual inspection
5.12.9 Cooler / heating Check of the conditions for use
5.12.10 Fire Visual inspection of the protective measures -
5.12.11 Explosion hazards Visual inspection of the design, check of the materials used

Table 2 - (concluded)

5.13 Electrical equipment
Design according to EN Visual inspection Visual inspection
60204-32: 1998
.
Compliance of the
electrical equipment with
the technical
documentation
Continuity of the bond- EN 60204-32: 1998, 19.2, table 9 EN 60204-32: 1998, 19.2, table 9
ing circuit
Insulation resistance EN 60204-32:1998, 19.3 EN 60204-32:1998,19.3
5.13.1 Under voltage safety Functional check: Start-up of the hoisting motor in hoisting -
with rated capacity at 0,85 rated voltage
5.13.2 Electromagnetic Functional check: Resistance to interference EN 50082-2, Visual inspection
compatibility Interference emission EN 55011 EMC Declaration of conformity
5.13.3 Mains power Check of circuit diagrams and selection of the equipment Visual inspection of the electrical circuit diagrams and
disconnection device equipment of the hoist
Emergency stop Functional check, visual inspection Functional check, see also test for 5.2.3, visual inspection
5.13.4 Overload protection of Check of calculation ace. to FEM 9.683 (10.1995) -
motors
5.13.5 Electric control circuits Functional check Functional check
and control functions
5.13.6 Electrical motors Check of calculation, functional check with 1,1 times overload Functional check
5.13.7 Specific requirements for Check of dimensloning ace. to FEM 9.752 (07.2003), Functional check
non-line-commutated functional check with 1,1 times overload
drives

7 User information
7.1 General
Note: Reference is made to Section 5 of EN 292-2:1991: 1991.
The manufacturer shall provide operating instructions containing information and instructions for the
commissioning, use, regUlar tests and inspections and maintenance of the hoist. These operating·
instructions should comply with EN 292-2: 1991, clause 5.5.
7.2 Special requirements

The operating instructions shall describe the type of the hoist with clear reference to the present hoist.
The use for which the hoist is intended shall be clearly described. This also includes design limitations,
e.g. the group of mechanisms. The measures to be taken when the hoist has reached the end of its safe
working period shall be described in accordance with ISO 12482-1:1995.
Information regarding the utilisation of the lifting and lowering Iimiters during normal operation shall be
given.
Special features of the hoist, e.g. devices for lowering the load in the event of a power failure, shall be
described.
The operating instructions shall always include the following instructions:
- All necessary training for operation of the hoist shall be described;
- The user shall ensure that the operating personnel are given the necessary training;
- The operating personnel shall always work in compliance with the operating instructions;
- The op'erating personnel shall always lift unrestrained loads supported from below with the minimum
speed available. Slack hoisting media (rope, chain, belt) shall first be tightened before lifting the load;
- It is forbidden to lift loads exceeding the rated capacity of the hoist;
- It is forbidden to tear free fixed or obstructed loads;
- Do not side-pull loads;
- Inching shall be avoided;
- All inspection, maintenance and repair work required to ensure the safe functioning of the hoist shall
be described, e.g. lubrication of ropes, chains, gearboxes, bearings, hooks, etc.;
- Inspection of wearing parts such as ropes, chains, hooks, belts, brake linings. Specification of test
and inspection intervals and wear criteria;
- Operating principle of safety devices and behavioural requirements in the event that these devices
are triggered, e.g. resetting the emergency stop device;
- Indication of data required for the purchase resp. replacement of the hoisting medium prescribed by
the manufacturer (rope, chain, belt). These are the identification number of the manufacturer or the
precise technical specifications of the load bearing means (Le. minimum breaking force, design of
ropes, diameter and pitch of chains);
For pneumatic and hydraulic hoists the data relating to pneumatic resp. hydraulic supply shall be
provided. This includes data regarding the necessary values for pressure, flow and quantity.of the
compressed air resp. hydraulic fluid; .
The manufacturer shall provide information on how to set and to check the lifting force Iimiter. Setting
and checking of the lifting force Iimiter shall be done according to the instructions of the manufacturer by
competent persons only. The manufacturer shall demand from these competent persons that the test
results be documented in the logbook of the hoist.

For the static functional check of the complete system, including the hoist and supporting structure, the
setting of the lifting force Iimiter shall not be changed, unless this procedure is explicitly described in the
operating instructions. .
If the hoist is not fitted with a rated capacity indicator, the manufacturer shall inform the user that this
hoist shall be used only in those applications where the rated capacity does not vary with the position of
the load.
For the installation. and use of the hoist in a supporting structure, the manufacturer shall indicate the
triggering limit of the fitted lifting force limiter in order to enable the designer of the supporting structure to
take into account the static and dynamic forces which may occur if the lifting force limiter is triggered.
7.3 Marking
The provisions contained in EN 12644-2:2000 shall be complied with.
Each hoist shall be provided with the following information in a durable and easily legible manner on a
part which cannot be removed:
1. Name and address of the manufacturer;
2. CE label;
3. Series or type designation;
4. Serial number;
5. Year of manufacture;
6. Explosion proof class, as requi~ed;
7. Rated capacity;
The rated capacity shall also be specified on the bottom block or hook with accessories;
8. Group of mechanisms;
9. Connection conditions for the electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic power supply;
10. Rated hoisting speed.

ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE)
Power driven hoists
Figure A.1 - Wire rope hoist

Seilzug
Palan cable a
A B c o
A == Brake motor B == Gearbox
C == Rope guide with rope tensioner D == Rope drum (rope wound in single layer)
E == Rope anchorage F == Rope sheave
G == Hook
A == Bremsmotor B == Getriebe
C == SeilfOhrung mit Seilspanner D == Seiltrommel (einlagige Wicklung)
E == Seilfestpunkt F == Umlenkrolle
G== Haken
A == Moteur-frein D == Tambour a cable (cable enroule

en une seule couche)
C == Guide-cable avec tendeur de cable
B == Reducteur
E :: Ancrage du cable
F == Poulie a cable
G == Crochet

Figure A.2 - Chain hoist
Kettenzug
Palan it chaine
~ tt
A
B
/ I
/ r h
c
-
1""'-'-'
-G G
D
~ E
~
F--_-J-I,..
0I
A = Brake motor B =Gearbox

C =Slipping clutch D = Chain sprocket
E = Chain anchorage F = Chain pulley
G = Chain guide H = Hook
I = Chain box
A =Bremsmotor B =Getriebe
C = Rutschkupplung D = Kettenrad
E = Kettenfestpunkt F = Umlenkrad
G = KettenfOhrung H = Haken
I =Kettenspeicher
A = Moteur-frein B =Reducteur
C =Accouplement a friction D = Noix de chaine
E = Ancrage de la chaine F = Poulie a chaine
G =Guide-chaine H =Crochet
I =Magasin achaine

Figure A.3·- Belt hoist
Bandzug
Palan it sangle
t7'
. ,
A
B ~
/ /
/ r- h
c
E ,,1'--_ E
-- t- ;-ffi-l-lJI-t-
- o ~e77'-;---D
A = Brake motor B = Gearbox
C =Slipping clutch o = Belt sheave (belt wound in several layers)

E = Belt gUide. F = Hook
A = Bremsmotor B = Getriebe
C = Rutschkupplung o = Bandrolle (mehrlagige Bandwicklung)
E = BandfOhrung F= Haken
A = Moteur-frein B = Reducteur
C = Accouplement a friction o =Poulie a sangle (sangle enroule

en plusieurs couches)
E = Guide-sangle F = Crochet
FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) , Page 50 of 57

Figure A.4 - Example: Hand-operated hoist for multi-layer winding
B A
1
I rJ
~
I
I-
t- --
of
~
-
I--
-
~.
Iu
Figure A.5 - Example: Hand-operated hoist for single-layer winding
c B A
A: Automatic mechanical brake B: Reduction gear

(double safety spring-loaded latch)
C: Rope pressure drum
A: Lastdruckbremse (Doppelsicherheitsfedersperre) B: Getriebe
C: Seilanpresswalze
A: Frein actionne par la charge (cliqlJetjumele a B: Reducteur

ressort de sOrete)
C: Cylindre pour serrage du cable

Figure 6 - Example: Guided load ( 5.2.6 )
Figure 7 - Example: Load dynamic Figure 8 - Example: Scenic movement

( Cases 6 and 12 ) ( Cases 5 and 11 )
Hoist A stationary, Hoists A and B moving
Hoist B moving simultaneously
I
i B
Y
I 1
A~SZSVSJc
I
i R
A
I
1
Q

ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE)
Additional requirements
for operation in aggressive environments and outdoors·
8.1 Requirements to be met by the hoist
Verification that the requirements are met may be provided by long-tenn tests in climate chambers, for
example.
Provision shall be applied in relation to a proper definition and classification of corrosivity environment as per
ISO 9223: 1992
8.2 References to standards

When problems relating to operation in aggressive environments and outdoors raise questions, the following
standards may be consulted for specific requirements or applications:
ISO 8044: 1999 Corrosion of me~al and alloys - Basic tenns and definitions.
ISO 8407: 1991 Corrosion of metal and alloys - Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test
specimens.
ISO 8565: 1992 Metal and alloys - Atmospheric corrosion testing - General requirements for field
tests.
ISO 9223: 1992 Corrosion of metal and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Classification.
ISO 9224: 1992 Corrosion of metal and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Guiding values for the
corrosivity categories.
ISO 9225: 1992 Corrosion of metal and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Measurement of
pollution.
ISO 9226: 1992 Corrosion of metal and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Detennination of
corrosion rate of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity.
8.3 Ropes and chains

Upon request, the manufacturers of ropes and chains shall supply all infonnation for selection, protection,
inspection, maintenance and discard criteria for ropes and chains when used in aggressive environments and
outdoors. .
8.4 General requirements for specific areas: structures, electrical equipment and motors; electric
cables, copper terminals,· a.s.o.
The following are listed as examples of corrosion in respect of various situations in aggressive environments:
a) Structures:
Selection of materials in relation of the temperatures..
Special requirements for marine environment applications.
b) Electric equipment and motors:

In case of tropical climatic conditions with sensitive dampness, special treatment is to be available against
moisture and fungosity. .
Other paints may offer corrosion protection, insulation, etc.
Motor protection may include cover for dripping water, grade .F" for minimum insulation, anticondensation
heating (rnotor> 1 kW) and minimum mechanical protection .IP 55".
c) Electric cables
Environmental conditions have a marked influence on the selection of electrical cables, particularly with
regard to the type of shielding.
Particular consideration shall be given to the cable runways.
d) Copper ends of cables and other similar parts of electrical equipment require specific protection when
being operated in the presence of ammonia and acetylene. .

ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE)
Additional requirements
for operation at low temperatures « -10° C)
As to hoists for use at low temperatures, attention is drawn to the following, for example:
- suitability of materialsfor load-bearing components;
- suitability of lubricants;
suitability, of the welding methods;
- icing of the motors, brakes and switchgear;
- tendency of the seals to become brittle;
- tendency of the cables and insulation to become brittle; .
- tendency of the plastics to become brittle;
- corrosion as a result of dew forming;
- suitability of ropes, chains and belts;
- compliance with relevant standards and regulations;
- test of the complete series hoist under the specified operating conditions, as required.
FEMdocument 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 54 of 57

Bibliography
[1] Directive 98/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery
[2] Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 March 1994 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems
intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres ..

References
Established by the Technical Committee of section IX of the Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (FEM)
Sekretariat der FEM Sektion IX

Secretariat: c/oVOMA
Fachverband Fordertechnik und Logistiksysteme
. Postfach 71 08 64
0-60498 Frankfurt
Available from the above secretariat or from the following national committees of FEM:
Belgium Germany
AGORIAasbl Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und
Diamant Building Anlagenbau e.V. (VDMA)
Bd. A. Reyers 80 Fachverband F6rdertechnik und Logistiksysteme
B-1 030 Bruxelles Lyoner StraBe 18
Tel: +32-2-7068068 D-60528 Frankfurt-Niederrad
Fax:+32-2-706 79 88 Tel: +49-69-6603 1507
frank.semeels@agoria.be Fax:+49-69-6603 1496
www.agoria.be sabine.brose@vdma.org
www.vdma.org
Finland France
Technology Industries of Finland Syndicat des industries de materiels
Etelaranta 10, P.O.B. 10 de manutention (SIMMA)
FIN-00131 Helsinki 39/41, rue Louis Blanc
Tel: +358-9-192 31 F-92038 Paris la Defense Cedex
Fax:+358-9-624462 Tel: +33-1-47176327
pino.tunturi@teknologiateollisuus.fi Fax:+33-1-47176330
www.teknologiateollisuus.fi simma@wanadooJr
www.simma.com
Great Britain Italy

British Materials Handling Federation Associazione Italiana Sistemi di Sollevament6,
th
The McLaren Building, 6 Floor Elevazione et Movimentazione
35 Dale End Via L. Battistotti Sassi 11
GB-Birmingham B4 7LN West Midlands 1-20133 Milano
Tel: +44-121-20021 00 Tel: +39-02-7397 356
Fax:+44-121-200 1306 Fax:+39-Q2-7397 7845
enguiry@bmhf.org.uk broggi@anima-it.com
www.bmhf.org.uk www.anima-it.com

Luxembourg Netherlands·
Federation des Industriels Luxembourgeois Vereniging FME-CWM
Groupement des Constructeurs et Fondeurs Postbus 190, Boerhaavelaan 40
Boite postale 1304 NL-2700 AD Zoetermeer
L-1013 Luxembourg Tel: +31-79-353 11 00
Tel: +35-2-43-5366-1 Fax:+31-79-353 1365
Fax:+35-2-432328 ako@fme.nl
nicolas. soisson@fedil.lu www.fme.nl
www.fedil.lu
Portugal Sweden
ANEMM Swedish Engineering Industries Association
Estrada do Payo do Lumiar Storgatan 5, p.a. Box 5510
Polo Tecnologico de Lisboa, Lote 13 S-11485 Stockholm
P-1600 Lisboa Tel: +46-8-782 08 00
Tel: +351-21-71521 72 Fax:+46-8-660 33 78
Fax:+351-21-715 04 03 kerstin.delgado@teknikforetagen.se
anemm@anemm.pt www.teknikforetagen.se .
www.anemm.pt
Switzerla·nd Spain
Swissmem Asociacion Espanola de Manutencion
Kirchenweg 4 ETSEIB-Pabellon F
CH-8008 ZUrich Diagonal,647
Tel: +41-1-3844111 E-08028 Barcelona
Fax:+41-1-384 42 42 Tel: +34-93-401 6060
b.waernier@swissmem.ch Fax:+34-93-401 6058
www.swissmem.ch fem-cne@jazzfree.com
FEM document 9.75608.2004 (E) . P~ge 57 of 57

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FEDERATION FEM

Hand-operated and power driven hoists

Hand- und Kraftbetriebene Hubwerke

Palans manuel et motorises pour applications

Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (Section IX)

FEM document 9.75608.2004 (E) Page 1 of 57

FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 2 of 57

FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 3 of 57

Hand-operated hoists shall conform to prEN 13157:1998.

Power driven hoists in the sense of this rule are:

Hand-operated hoists in the sense of this Rule are:

This rule applies only to single hoists used above persons.

- unequal load distribution;

- stability of the load;

- synchronous run, tolerances;

FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page40f57

- common power feeding, common disconnection;

• individual hoisting media becoming slack;

· movement sequences are not kept;

- common control system;

• monitoring of an automatic sequence;

- predetermined target positions are run over;

- rated load of one hoist is exceeded;

- emergency stop and emergency switch-off;

- control of safety-related functions;

1.1 Fields of application are e.g.:

- hoists in assembly places;

- hoists in shopping centres;

· hoists in places of events, flying systems, scenery hoists;

• hoists for the lifting of sporting equipment;

- hoists for the lifting of lustres;

- hoists for the lifting of scenery, lighting equipment, sound equipment;

- hoists for the lifting of partition walls, covers;

- hoists for the lifting of ceiling elements, tents;

- hoists for the lifting of stands;

FEM document 9.75608.2004 (E) Page 50f57

EN 292-2:1991 Safety of machinery, Basic concepts, general principles for design.

EN 954-1: 1997 Safety of machinery -'- Safety-related parts of control systems -

EN 1037:1995 Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up

EN 1050:1996 Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment

EN 12077-2:1998 Cranes - Safety - Requirements for health and safety -

EN 12644-2:2000 Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 2: Marking

EN 60204-31998 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines-

prEN 13135-2:2000 Cranes - Equipment - Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment

prEN 13157:1998 Cranes - Safety - Hand powered cranes

prEN 13557:1999 Cranes - Controls and control stations

FEM document 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 6 of 57

ISO 2408:1985 Steel wire ropes for general purposes - Characteristics

ISO 4301-1:1986 Cranes and lifting appliances - Classification - Part 1: General

ISO 8793:1986 Steel wire ropes - Ferrule-secured eye terminations

ISO 12482-1:1995 Cranes - Condition monitoring - Part 1: General

DIN 15401:1982 Lifting hooks for lifting appliances - Single Hooks -

DIN 15402:1982 Lifting hooks for lifting appliances - Ramshom hooks -

DIN 8187-1:1996 Roller chains - European type -

DIN 8187~2:1998 Roller chains - European type -

DIN 8187-3:1998 Roller chains - European type -

DIN 56921-1:1999 Theatre engineering, stage machinery - Flying systems -

DIN 56921-11 :1997 Theatre engineering, stage machinery - Flying systems -

FEM 9.761 (05.1998) Power driven series hoist mechanism~ - Safety

FEM 9.941 (01.1995) Graphical symbols for control devices

FEM doc;ument 9.756 08.2004 (E) Page 7 of 57

The hoists may be firmly installed or used at several places (mobile)

3.2 Use above persons