is the expressions of ideas, emotions,

Communicative information
function
is defined as the purpose
for which it is used

Expressive function
is performed by means of linguistic signs and that is why we
say that language is a semiotic system. It means that
linguistic signs are of semiotic nature: they are informative
and meaningful. There are other examples of semiotic
systems but all of them are no doubt much simpler.
Functions
of language​

is used to induce certain actions or

reactions. The example of such a
function is a command. Another
The di​rective function example of this function is a
request.

The phatic function

The only purpose of such a function is to maintain social relationships,
and to begin, or continue the conversation. A well-known example from
British culture is a small talk about the weather. Such a kind of talk
doesn’t provide us with any necessary information. It even doesn’t
express our feelings, but it helps us to interact with people. Every time
we meet somebody on the street, we can talk about the weather, or
work, or children, it doesn’t matter. The real reason for such a talk is not
our interest, but simply our desire to talk. Of course, such conversations
may also contain some interesting information, but it’s not necessary
 Morphemes are the
minimal units of
words that have a
Formal differences among
words serve a variety of
meaning and cannot
purposes, from the creation be subdivided
of new lexical items to the further.
indication of grammatical
structure.

Morphology
is the study of the forms of
There are
words, and the ways in
which words are related to
two main
other words of the same types: free
language. and bound.

An example of a free morpheme

is "bad", and an example of a
bound morpheme is "ly." It is
bound because although it has
meaning, it cannot stand alone.
It must be attached to another
morpheme to produce a word.
Theoretical Grammar

Definition The subject The main

task

Theoretical
Grammar is a branch is an adequate
of linguistics that systematic
studies grammar refers to the study (methodic)
of the English
system of language. Language description of
grammar language facts and
organization as a
system parts of also their theoretical
which are interpretation.
mutually
connected with
definite relations
of different types Improvements needed Update the product?
of complexity
(complication, • What improvements will • Are updates necessary or
complicacy). make the product better? needed?

• What steps need to be • Is there value in creating

taken to make those product type 2.0?
improvements?
The difference between Practical and Theoretical Grammar

prescribes definite rules for the use of a language (gives

Practical
instructions for the use of language data, teaches how to speak
Grammar
and write)

Theoretical analyzes language data, interprets that, expounds the data but does not
Grammar give instructions as for the use of them.

Marketing

• What is the lifetime value of a customer?

Customer
Retention • What is the average cost per customer?
• How do you plan to retain customers once they join?
 Syntax
Syntax is the grammatical
structure of sentences.
The format in which words
and phrases are arranged
to create sentences is
called syntax.
S W
O T
The importance of syntax
The study of syntax in
linguistics is quite challenging
since the learner has to know
how to put words in a
sentence to make it sensible
and avoid ambiguity.
Examples of Syntax in a
Sentence:
The boy jumped happily.
The boy happily jumped.
Happily, the boy jumped.
The importance of syntax
A sentence is supposed to communicate
something to the listeners. Words
arranged in a sentence can give a
particular meaning; the same words
rearranged can give a different message
to the listeners. To become proficient in a
language, syntax is one of the most
important aspects to be considered.