GERUND AND INFINITIVES

1. I’m exhausted” I don’t fancy going out tonight.

2. I suggest taking a taxi to the airport tomorrow. It’ll be much quicker.
3. Even though the snow was really deep, we managed to drive to the local shop
and back.
4. We’d better do some shopping -there isn’t much food for the weekend.
5. I’m very impatient. I can’t stand waiting in queues.
6. I wasn’t well and a young mand offered to carry my bags.
7. My parents used to make me tidy my room.
8. We threatened to call the police if the boys didn’t stop throwing stones.
9. Do you feel like coming to the gym with me?
10. I’d prefer eating out/ to eat out instead of getting a takeaway.
11. I don’t mind working late tonight if you want me to.

1. Your hair needs cutting. It’s really long.

2. I’ll never forget seeing the Grand Canyon for the first time.
3. I need to call the helpline. My computer has crashed.
4. Have tried taking a tablet to help you sleep?
5. I must have my keys somewhere. I can remember locking the door this
morning.
6. I had to run home because I had forgotten to turn the oven off.
7. Our house needs painting. Do you known any good house painters?
8. Did you remember to send your sister a card? It’s her birthday today.
9. We tried to learn to ski last winter, but we weren’t very good at it.

1. I don’t remember meeting you before.

2. The car needs cleaning. Shall I take it to the car wash?
3. We managed to get to the airport on time.
4. Please try to not be late tomorrow.
5. My sisters isn’t used to live in such a big city. She’d always lived in the country
before.

1. We would like to pay our bill now as we’re leaving early tomorrow.
2. My husband doesn’t mind doing housework.
3. I must listen to some of their songs before I go to the concert.
4. Our teacher makes us check our homework.
5. Tom’s doctor suggested seeing a specialist about his back.
6. Mark learned to play the guitar when he was a teenager.
7. My girlfriend’s very possessive. She doesn’t let me go out with my friends
anymore.
8. The man denied stealing the laptop from my bag.
9. Kim expects to get her exam results on Friday.
10. I’ve given up buying CDs because it’s cheaper to download the tracks I like.
11. I can’t imagine having to get up at 6.00 every morning.
12. He managed to pass his driving test although he was really nervous.
 1. My sister is trying to find a new job. She doesn’t get on with her boss.
2. Do you remember climbing the apple tree in our parents’ garden when we
were children?
3. We need to call a plumber because the shower’s broken.
4. Laura forgot to send her mother a birthday card.
5. I remembered to buy the milk , but I forgot to buy any bread!
6. If you can’t sleep at night, try reading a book in bed. It’ll help you relax.
7. That shirt needs ironing if you want to wear it tonight.
8. I’ll never forget spending a romantic weekend in Paris with my first boyfriend.

1. The shop assistant refused to give me a refund.

2. I can’t remember having a doll when I was a little girl.
3. You’d better ring Darren and tell him we’ll be late.
4. Have you tried sleeping on the other side of the bed?
5. We can’t wait to see your new house.
6. My boss makes me work at the weekend sometimes.
7. No-one forgets seeing Venice for the first time.
8. Could you let me speak, please!

1. Jack encouraged me to try a new hairdresser’s.

2. John regretted not asking how much the hotel was before he booked it.
3. Sheila insisted on paying for all our drinks.
4. Peter convinced me not to give up up playing rugby.
5. I suggested buying Anne some flowers, but Lisa said she’d prefer chocolates.
6. My neighbour threatened to cut down the trees in the garden.

USED TO, BE USED TO, GET USED TO

1. I can’t get used to getting up so early.

2. She isn’t used to having a big dinner in the evening.
3. When we were children we used to play football in the road.
4. When we visit our British friends in London we couldn’t get used to drinking
tea with breakfast.
5. Have you got used to living in the country or do you still miss the city?
6. I’m really sleepy. I’m not used to staying up so late. I’m usually in bed by
midnight.
7. There used to be a cinema in our village, but I closed down three years ago.
8. Paul used to have very long hair when he was younger.
9. A I don’t think I could work at night.
B It’s not so bad. I’m used to it.
10. Did you use to wear a uniform to school?
11. It’s taking me. Along time to get used to living on my own.
12. When I had exams at university I used to say up all night revising.

1. My boyfriend is Spanish, so he isn’t used to driving on the left.

2. When Nathan started his first job he couldn’t get used to getting up at 6 a.m.
3. I didn’t recognize you! You used to have long hair, didn’t you?
4. Isabelle used to rent a flat when she was at university, but now she has a house
of her own.
5. When we were children we used to spend all day playing football in the park.
6. Jasmine has been a nurse all her life, so she is used to working nights.
7. I’ve never worn glasses before, but no I’ll have to get used to wearing them.
8. Amelia is an only child. She is not used to sharing her things.
9. Although I’ve lived in Spain for years, I’ve never got used to having dinner at 9
or 10 o’clock at night.
10. I didn’t used to like spinach, but now I love it.
11. If you want to lose weight, the you’ll have to get used to eating less.

1. In Spain I always used to sleep in complete darkness.

2. It’s very hard to get used to being awake all night.
3. And just when I’m finally used to being on New York time, then it’s time to fly
home.

1. Before my sister had children she used to sleep for eight hours every night.
2. When we moved to Britain from Poland we weren’t used to driving on the left.
3. Chris got divorced last year but he soon got used to living on his own.
4. I used to know her, but we lost touch years ago.
5. My parents are slowly getting used to being retired.
6. My new job is exhausting. I’m not used to working so hard.
7. Did you used to play a musical instrument at school?
8. When Bill was a student, he used to eat pizza every day.

1. Stephen didn’t use to be so assertive.

2. Have you got used to working at night?
3. I’m not used to having breakfast so early.
4. Chloe used to wear her sister’s clothes when she was a child.
5. We have got used to living in the country very quickly.
6. She is used to looking after people, so she will make an excellent nurse.
7. They haven’t got used to using the new system yet.
8. I couldn’t sleep because I’m not used to sleeping on a sofa.

1. Did you use to do much sport at school?

2. Driving on the left was weird at first, but I’m used to it now.
3. We used to be very good children most of the time.
4. I didn’t use to eat fish at all, but I have it occasionally now.
5. Sam usually goes to work by bus, but he decided to walk today.
6. Clara and Tome used to be a couple, but they’ve split up now.
7. I’m not used to speaking so much English - it’s tiring!
8. I can’t get used to this new operating system. I prefer the old one.
9. On a free afternoon, I often drive to the coast and do some surfing.
10. My mother would always bake cakes on Saturdays when I was young – I loved
it!
PAST MODALS

1. I must have left my umbrella at home.

2. She may have had an argument with her boyfriend.
3. Ben must have read my email.
4. Sam and Ginny can’t have got lost.
5. You can’t have seen Ellie yesterday, because she was in bed with flu.
6. John might not have seen you and that why he didn’t say hello.
7. Lucy must have bought a new car.
8. Alex can’t have been very ill.
9. They may not have received the invitation.
10. You must have used too much sugar.
11. It can’t have been my phone.

1. A We couldn’t understand anybody in Paris.

B You should have learnt some French before you went.
2. A Sue is in bed with a stomach ache.
B She oughtn’t to have eaten so much chocolate cake yesterday.
3. A Tom told me the date of his party, but I’ve forgotten it.
B You should have written it down.
4. A I was late because there was so much traffic.
B You shouldn’t have come by car. The metro is much faster.
5. A Amanda was rude to everyone at my party.
B You shouldn’t have invited her. You know what she’s like.
6. A I don’t have any money left after going shopping yesterday.
B You oughtn’t to have bought some many shoes. Did you really need three
pair?
7. A You look tired.
B I know. I ought to have gone to bed earlier last night.
8. A The chicken’s still frozen solid,
B I know. You should have taken it out of the freezer earlier.
9. A I think I’ve burnt my face.
B I’m not surprised. You shouldn’t haven sat in the sun all afternoon without
any sunscreen.

1. You must have been delighted when you passed your driving test – it was your
first time wasn’t it?
2. I’m not sure where Mark is, but he might have gone home. He wasn’t feeling
well earlier on.
3. You can’t have seen my parents at the supermarket. They’re away on holiday.
4. I don’t know why Ruth hasn’t arrived yet, but she may have taken the wrong
bus.
5. The “For Sale” sign is still up outside their house. They can’t have moved yet.
6. Those boys look really guilty. They must have done something wrong.
1. My brother isn’t talking to me. I shouldn’t have shouted at him.
2. We’re running out of petrol. We should have filled up at the last garage.
3. Someone has taken Ben’s smartphone. He shouldn’t have left it on his desk.
4. You won’t be able to walk in those shoes. You shouldn’t have bought such high
heels.
5. Jessie missed her train. She ought to have taken a taxi to the station.
6. Your cousins look really scruffy. They should have dressed up for the wedding.
7. My alarm clock isn’t working. It should have gone off at 6.00 a.m.
8. I had a nightmare last night. I shouldn’t have stayed up to watch that horror
film.

1. I wonder where my gloves are. I might have left them in the car or maybe in
the hall.
2. My father knew about the surprise party. Someone must have told him about
it.
3. I don’t understand how the accident happened. The driver may have fallen
asleep.
4. Adam passes the exam without studying. It can’t have been very difficult.
5. I’m sure my grandmother was in, but she didn’t answer the door. She might
not have heard the bell.
6. When I got up this morning, the TV was still on the living room. You must have
forgotten to turn it off.
7. The children didn’t make their beds this morning. They may not have had time.
8. A Your boyfriend walked past me without saying hello.
B He can’t have seen you.

1. I wonder where my keys are. I might have left them in the office.
2. They can’t have travelled by boat. The river overflowed due to the heavy rains.
3. They did it without any effort. It can’t have been very difficult.
4. It can’t have been easy being the only woman in the workforce.
5. Suzy`s flight might have been cancelled. There is a lot of fog in the London area
this morning.

1. You can’t have seen Billy. He’s on holiday at the moment.

2. They must have gone to bed early - there are no lights on in the house.
3. I supposed I could have dropped my wallet, but I think it’s been stolen.
4. You look exhausted. You should have gone for a shorter run.
5. I may have met her at a conference, but I can’t remember if I did.
6. Diana can’t have got engaged – she’s only known him six weeks!
7. You shouldn’t have looked at my emails, it was very wrong of you.
8. They must have finished their walk by now. It’s too dark to see anything.

1. I am sure he was here. I saw his car in front of the building.

He must have been here.
2. A: Where is James? He should already be here, shouldn’t he?
 B: Yes, he should, but I don’t know why he isn’t’ here. He might have missed
the bus
3. I am not sure if I passed the exam. I don’t feel very sure that I passed.
I may not have passed the exam.
4. A: Last summer I took four exams and failed them all!
B: You must have been very disappointed!
5. She speaks excellent French. I am sure she has lived in France for a long time.
She must have lived in France for a long time
6. Their plane was delayed and they had to wait 36 hours in the airport.
They can’t/couldn’t have been very happy with the airline.
7. Someone told me that Mark was in Mexico last week, but I saw him here so he
can’t/couldn’t have been in Mexico.
8. A: I saw John yesterday, he looked very pleased with himself. He didn’t say why
but I think he got that job he applied for.
B: He might/may/could have got that job he applied for.
9. They gave me very little time to do the job. It’s possible that I’d had finished if
I’d had worked all night, but I am not sure.
The gave me very little time to do the job. I may have finished if I’d worked all
night, but I am not sure.
10. We agree to meet yesterday, but when I got there I didn’t see him. It is possible
he was waiting elsewhere.
We agreed to meet yesterday but when I got there I didn’t see him. He might
have been waiting elsewhere.

1. I’m almost sure you left your phone in the restaurant.

You must have left your phone in the restaurant.
2. Why didn’t you tell me it was your birthday?
You should have told me it was your birthday!
3. I’m sure the backpackers haven’t got lost.
The backpackers can’t have got lost.

WOULD RATHER

1. I’d prefer to sit by the window than next to the aisle.

I’d rather sit by the window than next to the aisle.
2. What do you want to do, say in or go out?
What would you rather do, sat in or go out?
3. I don’t really want to cook tonight if you don’t mind.
I’d rather no to cook tonight if you don’t mind.
4. Where do you want to go, Greece or Italy?
Where would you rather go, Greece or Italy?
5. I’d prefer to walk than take the car.
I’d rather walk than take the car.
6. I don’t really want to go to the cinema if you don’t mind.
I would rather not go to the cinema if you don’t mind.

1. I’d prefer to go to the cinema than to a club.

 I would rather go to the cinema than to a club.
2. I’d prefer not to go to the party if my ex is going to be there.
I would rather not go to the party if my ex is going to be there.
3. Would you prefer to meet on Thursday morning or afternoon?
Would you rather meet on Thursday morning or afternoon?
4. My wife would prefer not to fly. She had a bad experience once.
My wife would rather not fly. She had a bad experience once.
5. My husband would prefer to get a train to Manchester, not take the car.
My husband would rather get a train to Manchester, not take the car.
6. I’d prefer to come on Sunday, if that’s OK.
I would rather come on Sunday, if that’s OK.

1. What would you prefer to do tonight, go out or stay in?

What would you rather do tonight, go out or stay in?
2. I’d rather have a coconut.
3. Toni says she’d rather you picked her up a bit later.
4. Ian told me that he’d actually rather not go to the talk.
5. Wouldn’t you rather some else did the washing-up tonight?
6. Would you rather eat Chinese food or Indian?
7. We’d rather you did not come round tonight because Larry’s ill.

VERBS OF THE SENSES: look / feel / smell / sound / taste

1. That groups sounds like Coldplay.

2. That boy looks too young to be drinking beer.
3. Nora looks like her mother.
4. That guitar sounds awful! You need to tune it.
5. Tom looks as if he’s just run a marathon.
6. Our car sounds as if it’s going to break down any moment.
7. Your new jacket feels very soft.
8. This apple tastes really sweet.
9. It smells as If someone has been smoking here.
10. Your perfume smells like roses.
11. This rice tastes as if it’s burnt.

1. Your boyfriend looks like a rugby player. He’s huge!

2. You’ve gone completely white. You look as if you’ve seen a ghost!
3. What’s for dinner? It smells delicious!
4. I think John and Megan have arrived. That sounds like their car.
5. Have you ever tried frogs’ legs? Apparently they taste like chicken.
6. Are you OK? You sounds as if you’ve got a cold.
7. Can you put the heating on? It feels really cold in here.
8. You look really happy. Does that mean you got the job?
9. Your new bag feels like real leather. Is it?
10. Let’s throw this milk away. It tastes a bit off.
11. Can you close the window? It smells as if someone is having a barbecue.
 1. Your skin feels dry. You need to use some cream.
2. Ken’s sweating. He looks as if he’s been running.
3. We need to take out the rubbish. The kitchen smells terrible.
4. I’m not sure what’s in this curry but it tastes like chicken.
5. I think this bag is real leather. It feels like leather anyway.
6. It sounds as if Becky has finally got up. I can hear her moving around.
7. This soup tastes as if you used sugar instead of salt.

1. A lot of singers today sound exactly the same.

2. This salad tastes horrible – it’s really salty.
3. Your boyfriend looks like a policeman – he’s tall and well built.
4. Have you turned off the cooker? It smells as if something is burning.
5. What’s that noise? It sounds like thunder.
6. My skin feels much softer since I’ve been using a new face cream.
7. Martha’s hair is in a mess. She looks as if she’s just got out of bed.

1. I’ve no idea what kind of fruit this is but it tastes a bit like pineapple.
2. This song sounds like one I heard on the radio yesterday. Who’s it by?
3. You look much more like your father than your mother
4. There are so few people here it feels as if we’ve got the place to ourselves.
5. Bethany told me you feel like dancing tonight. Where do you want to go?
6. Michael looks as though he’s had a really difficult day.
7. Wow, that smells fantastic! What are you cooking?
8. This jacket feels to small. Do you have a bigger one?

1. I think somebody has tried to break in.

It looks as if somebody has tried to break in.
2. This meat has a very similar taste to beef.
This meat taste like beef.
3. My brother work as a waiter in a restaurant.

THE PASSIVE; IT IS SAID THAT…., HE IS THOUGH TO…, ETC.

1. The police caught the burglar immediately.

The burglar was caught immediately.
2. Police closed the road after the accident.
The road was closed after the accident.
3. Somebody has stolen my handbag.
My handbag has been stolen.
4. They are painting my house
My house is being painted
5. The’ll hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the problem.
A meeting will be held tomorrow to discuss the problem.
6. If they hadn’t found the bomb in time, it would have exploded.
If the boom hadn’t been found in time, it would have exploded.
7. The police can arrest you for driving without a licence.
You can be arrested for driving without a licence.
8. Miranda thinks someone was following her last night.
Miranda thinks she was being followed last night.
9. I hate somebody waking me up when I’m fast asleep.
I hate being woken up when I’m fast asleep.
10. They’re going to close the local police station.
11. The local police station is going to closed.

1. People think the murderer is a woman.

It is thought that the murderer is a woman.
The murder is thought to be a woman.
2. Police believe the burglar is a local man.
It is believed that the burglar is a local man.
The burglar is believed to be a local man.
3. People say the muggers are very dangerous.
It is said that the muggers are very dangerous.
The muggers are said to be very dangerous.
4. Police think the robber entered through an open window.
It is thought that the robber entered through an open window.
The robber is thought to have entered through an open window.
5. Police say the murderer has disappeared.
It is said that the murderer has disappeared.
The murderer is said to have disappeared
6. Lawyers expect that the trial will last three weeks.
It is expected that the trial will last three weeks.
The trial is expected to last three weeks.

1. It is known that the rapist is a local man.

The rapist is known to be a local man.
2. The blackmailer is understood to be a colleague of the victim.
It is understood that the blackmailer is a colleague of the victim.
3. It is expected that the man will be acquitted.
The man is expected to be acquitted.
4. It is reported that kidnappers have taken the president’s wife.
Kidnappers are reported to have taken the president’s wife.
5. The terrorists are thought to be in hiding somewhere in France.
It is thought that the terrorist are hiding somewhere in France.
6. The suspect is known to be dangerous.
It is known that the suspect is dangerous.
7. It is reported that vandals have damaged the art gallery.
Vandals are reported to have damaged the art gallery.
8. The police are said to have arrested three men.
9. It is said that the police have arrested three men.

1. They expect that the trial will last two weeks

It is expected that the trial will last two weeks.
The trial is expected to last two weeks.
2. They say that he was very rich in the past.
 It is said that he was very rich in the past.
He is said to be very rich in the past.
3. Police think the blackmailer knew the victim very well.
It is thought that the blackmailer knew the victim very well.
The blackmailer is thought to have known the victim very well.

1. Someone ordered the prisoners to stand up

The prisoners were ordered to stand up
2. They will take here to hospital tomorrow
She will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
3. None has climbed this mountain before
This mountain has not been climbed before.
4. Her friend recommended her a new doctor
She was recommended a new doctor.
5. You can’t expect children understand these problems.
Children cannot be expected to understand these problems.
6. The manager putt off the meeting.
The meeting was put off by the manager.
7. Did anyone offer you the job I told you about?
Were you offered the job I told you about?

1. You can only see these particles through a microscope

These particles can only be seen through a microscope.
2. Three million people watch TV series every week.
TV series are watched by three million people every week.
3. The teacher made the class stay in after school
The class was made to stay in after school by the teacher.
4. Brazil produces large quantities of coffee
Large quantities of coffee are produced in Brazil.
5. It is reported that vandals have damaged the art gallery
Vandals are reported to have damaged the art gallery.
6. The accident happened when they were repairing the road.
The road was being repaired when the accident happened.
7. A Greek architect had designed the building that collapsed.
The building that collapsed had been designed by a Greek architect.
8. They ought to mend the roof.
The roof ought to be mended.
9. He started to leave before they had given him the directions.
He started to leave before he had been given the directions.
10. They were still building the hotel when we stayed there.
The hotel was being built when we stayed there.
11. They sent my son home from school for being cheeky to the teachers.
My son was sent home from school for being cheeky to the teachers.
12. My doctor prescribed me some medicine for my cough.
I was prescribed some medicine for my cough.
13. They haven’t fixed my car yet.
The car hasn’t been fixed yet.
 14. They’ll probably never find the murderer.
The murderer will probably never be found.
15. People think the burglar is a teenager.
The burglar is thought to be a teenager.
16. People say that crime doesn’t pay.
It is said that crime doesn’t pay.

17. Complete the text.

As a police officer, I was very upset when my motorbike was taken from outside
my house last month. When I found out that over 20 motorbikes had been stolen
in my area in the previous six month, I promised myself that the thief would be
caught and punished. First my colleagues and I questioned all the victims of the
thefts and visited the motorbike dealers in the area. Our investigations came to an
end late night when we identified the criminal as my next-door neighbour!

He has just been arrested and at the moment he is being held at the local police
station. His case will be heard/is being heard in the Magistrate’s Court next week
and we all expect/are expecting him to be found guilty. He might be given a short
prison sentence, but the best thing is that no more motorbike will be stolen in my
area in the near future.

REPORTING VERBS

1. The garage advised me to buy a new car.

2. Jamie insisted on paying for the meal.
3. Lauren has agreed to work late next week.
4. I warned Jane not to walk through the park at night.
5. The man admitted stealing the woman’s handbag.
6. The doctor advised Lily to give up drinking coffe
7. The boss persuaded Megan not to leave the company.
8. Freya accused me of trying to steal her boyfriend.
9. I apologized to Evie for not remembering her birthday.
10. Did you manage to convince your parents to come tonight instead of
tomorrow?
11. My neighbour denies damaging my car, but I’m sure it was him.

1. Diana said to me, “I’ll take you to the station”

Diana offered to take me to the station.
2. Ryan said, “Let’s go for a walk . It’s a beautiful day”.
Ryan suggested going for a walk.
3. “You copied Anna’s exam!” the teacher said to him.
The teacher accused him of copying Anna’s exam.
4. Sam’s neighbour told him, “I’ll call the police if you have any more parties”
Sam’s neighbour threatened to call the police if he had any more parties.
5. The children said, “We’re not going to bed. It’s much too early”.
 The children refused to go to bed.
6. Simon said to me, “Would you like to have dinner with me?”
Simon invited me to have dinner with him.
7. Molly said to Jack, “Don’t forget to phone the electrician”
Molly reminded Jack to phone the electrician.
8. Rick said, “I’ll never do it again”.
Ricky promised never to do it again.
9. Sarah said, “You really must try Giacobazzi’s. It’s a fantastic restaurant”
Sharah recommended trying Giacobazzi’s. She said it was fantastic.

1. The girl refused to dance with my friend.

2. My husband denied eating the last cream cake.
3. My parents told me not to be late.
4. The tour guide recommended visiting the Picaso Museum.
5. I agreed not to park in front of my neighbour’s garage.
6. The police accused him of not telling them the truth.
7. My boyfriend asked me to take him to the station.
8. The teacher threatened to give them extra homework if they didn’t stop
talking.
9. Jane promised to return my book the next day.
10. The woman admitted stealing the man’s watch.

1. “Don’t forget to sign the documents”, my boss told me.

My boss reminded me to sign the documents.
2. “I really don’t think you should leave your job”, Jack’s friend told him.
Jack’s friends advised him not to leave his job.
3. “Why don’t we go for a walk?” said Katie.
Katie suggested going for a walk.
4. “Shall I make the lunch?” her husband said.
Her husband offered to make the lunch.
5. “Don’t park in this street”, the man said to us.
The man warned us not to park there.
6. “I’m sorry I was so rude”, I said.
I apologized for being so rude
7. “Would you like to have dinner with me?” Andy asked Sarah.
Andy invited Sarah to have dinner with him.
8. “I’m going with you to the doctor’s”, Alive said to me.
Alice insisted on going to the doctor’s with me.

1. “I think you should talk to a lawyer”, I said to Sarah.

I advised Sarah to talk to a lawyer.
2. “I didn’t kill my husband”, Margaret said.
Margaret denied killing her husband.
3. “I’m sorry I’m late”, James said.
James apologized for being late.
4. I called my sister t remind her to buy the flowers.
HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1. Someone is going to change the lock on my front door.

I’m going to have the lock on my front door changed.
2. Someone tests our burglar alarm twice a year.
We have our burglar alarm tested twice a year.
3. A mechanic has repaired my car.
I have had my car repaired
4. Someone painted my brother’s house.
My brother had his house painted.
5. Someone will clean my carpets in the spring.
I will have my carpets cleaned in the spring.
6. Some men are building a wall around my neighbour’s garden.
My neighbours are having a wall built in their garden.
7. Someone cleans Oliver’s flat once a week.
Oliver has his flat cleaned once a week.
8. A company is redesigning our garden.
We are having our garden redesigned.

1. How often do you have your hair cut?

2. Have you ever had a problem with your laptop? Where did you have it
repaired?
3. Do you usually have your passport or ID card renewed in plenty of time before
it runs out?
4. Have you have a burglar alarm installed in your house or flat?
5. Have you ever have your photo taken in front of a famous monument?

CLAUSES OF CONTRAST AND PURPOSE

1. We’re very happy in out new house, though there’s a lot to do.
2. We loved the film despite the fact that it was nearly three hours long!
3. Carl doesn’t like speeding money even though he’s very well off.
4. They went down to the harbour to see if they had fresh fish.
5. I’ll put your number straight into my phone so as not to forget it.
6. My mother called the doctor’s in order to make an appointment.
7. The cake tasted good in spite of not looking like the photo in the recipe book.
8. I’ve put the heating on quite high so that the house will warm up quickly.
9. I must say that although the service was poor, the meal was delicious.
10. I stopped at a motorway café for a quick meal before continuing on my
journey.
11. Despite not being very fit, he managed to walk the three miles to the village.

1. Despite not getting very good reviews, I thought the book was fantastic.
Even though the book didn’t get very good reviews, I thought it was fantastic.
2. We stayed at a bed and breakfast so as not to spend too much money on
accommodation.
 We stayed at a bed and breakfast so that we wouldn’t spend too much money
on accommodation.
3. Despite earning a fortune, she drives a very old car.
Although she earns a fortune, she drives a very old car.
4. Everyone enjoyed the film even though the ending was sad.
Everyone enjoyed the film in spite of the sad ending / the ending being sad /
the fact that the ending was sad.
5. The plane managed to land despite the terrible weather conditions.
The plane managed to land even though the weather conditions were terrible.
6. I told her I enjoyed the meal she had cooked me so that I wouldn’t offend her.
I told her I enjoyed the meal she had cooked me so as not to offend her.
7. The manager called a meeting so as to explain the new policy.
The manager called a meeting in order to explain the new policy.

1. Although she’s the head of the department, she often goes out with her
colleagues.
2. The account manager called his client to arrange a meeting.
3. The company is expanding even though there is a recession.
4. The firm made several people redundant in order to cut costs.
5. His secretary stayed at her desk so as not to miss an important phone call.
6. Everybody seemed to enjoy Mike’s speech at the wedding in spite of his
terrible jokes.
7. The restaurant staff are happy despite working long hours every day.
8. She closed the door of her office so that nobody could hear her conversation.

1. Although he’s the managing director, he goes to work by bike

He goes to work by bike despite being the managing director.
2. Although they don’t do any marketing, their products sell well.
Their products sell well in spite of the fact that they don’t do any marketing.
3. They reduce their prices so as to sell more products.
They reduced their prices so that they would sell more products.
4. I have to leave work by six o’clock so that I don’t miss my train.
I have to leave work by six o’clock so as not to miss my train.
5. Despite the fact that I was late, my boss wasn’t angry.
My boss wasn’t angry although I was late.

1. Book early in order to get ticket at the lowest prices.

2. In spite of the cost, I’m really glad we flew first class.
3. I phoned the hotel so that they would know we’d be arriving late.
4. We enjoy playing tennis, even though we’re not very good at it.
5. You should take the exam, though you’ll need to study hard for it.
6. I ignored her mistake so as not to embarrass her.

1. He got a good job, despite not having the right degree.

2. My uncle still works, even though he won the lottery last year.
3. Jane opened the door quietly so as not to wake her parents up
WHATEVER, WHENEVER, ETC.

1. Please sit wherever you like.

2. There is a prize for whoever can answer the question.
3. Whenever she opens her mouth she says something stupid.
4. I’m going to but it however expensive it is!
5. Whatever I give her, it’s always the wrong thing.
6. I’ll go by bus or train, whichever is cheaper.
7. Whenever she goes out the paparazzi are always there.

UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL NOUNS

1. We had beautiful weather when we were on holiday.

2. They’ve got some lovely furniture in their house.
3. My brother gave me a useful piece of advice.
4. Do you have a pair of scissors? I need to wrap this present.
5. I need to buy a new pair of trousers for my interview tomorrow.
6. The staff is very unhappy about the new dress code.
7. Your glasses are really dirty. Can you see anything?
8. The homework was very difficult last night.
9. There isn’t any more space in my suitcase. Can I put his jacket in yours?
10. The police are sure that they know who was responsible for the vandalism.

1. Can I have a piece of / some bread, please?

2. My grandmother suffers from bad health.
3. I’ve bought a piece of / some new furniture for my living room.
4. Please can you give me a piece of / some advice?
5. I’m looking for some cheap accommodation.
6. Jackie’s upset because she’s had some bad news.
7. Be careful with that vase -it’s made of glass.
8. My girlfriend gave me a pair of pyjamas / some pyjamas for my birthday.
9. The teacher gave the boy extra marks for good behaviour.
10. Can you lend me some paper? I’ve left my notebook at home.

1. My clothes are really wet. I got caught in a thunderstorm.

2. The traffic is terrible in the rush hour in the city centre.
3. The hotel staff is/are always really polite and helpful.
4. The new research into sleep patterns is fascinating.
5. The outskirts of the town are quite run down and a bit depressing.
6. The good news is that we’re getting married in the spring!
7. The flight crew on this plane is/are very young.
8. Politics is really fascinating – particularly for politicians!
9. Do you think my belongings are safe in the hotel room?
10. Police are investigating the murder of an elderly woman in her home.

11. Athletics is my favourite sport.

12. I bouthg a pair of / some new jeans.
 13. Harvey’s clothes look really expensive.
14. The flight crew work/works hard to make passengers comfortable.
15. I found out some/ a piece of useful information at the meeting.
16. Could I have a piece of paper to write down the new words?
17. I think I’ll have some time after lunch to help you with that report.
18. I’ve got some good news for you about your job application.
19. We’ve made a lot of progress this term.
20. Hello, Reception? Do you have an iron I could use?

1. Politics is a dirty business sometimes.

2. The Shard is a famous London building, made mostly of glass.
3. Bring two pairs of trouser in case you need to change.
4. Would you like a piece of toast with that coffee.
5. Dou you have any advice about travelling in Mexico?
6. I live on the outskirts of Los Angeles.
7. Do you have a pair of shorts I could borrow if it’s hot tomorrow?
8. All the staff in the travel agency were very helpful.

1. A good guidebook will give you advice about what to see.

2. You may have some bad weather if you go to London in March.
3. When I was in Rom and Paris, the accommodation was extremely expensive.
4. It’s best not to take too much luggage if you go on a city break.
5. The old town centre is amazing, but the outskirts are a bit depressing.
6. I really liked the hotel. The rooms were beautiful, and the staff was/ were
incredibly friendly.
7. Adrian is looking for some cheap accommodation.
8. Let me give you a piece of advice – don’t marry him!
9. I need to buy a new pair of trousers.

MÁS EJERCICIOS

PAG. 163 EN STUDENT

1. G
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. J
6. H
7. E
8. F
9. A
10. K
11. I

1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B

1. -ION/-TION: accommodation, pollution, intention reduction.

2. -MENT: entertainment, excitement, government, improvement.
3. -NESS: coldness, friendliness, ugliness, weakness.
4. -ENCE/ANCE: absence, convenience, distance, ignorance
5. -ISM: alcoholism, racism
6. -HOOD: brotherhood, childhood.

1. Lose
2. Die
3. Succeed
4. Think
5. Believe
6. Hot
7. Strong
8. Hungry
9. High
10. Long