Special Supplement to

HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING®

Integrated Solutions for

Thriving in Tomorrow’s
Refining Industry
GS33460311 En(A)

Shell Global Solutions

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 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry

INTRODUCTION:

TAKING CONTROL OF
Süleyman Özmen
THE SULPHUR PARADOX
Refiners globally will continue to experience numerous challenges in
the coming years. Principal among these is the sulphur paradox,
which is a reality that refiners increasingly face: more sulphur is
coming into the refinery as the availability of sweet crudes
diminishes, but less sulphur must leave the refinery within the finished
products or as harmful emissions.
Indeed, the need to meet changing product specifications and
emissions legislation will continue to be a key focus for refinery
managers as the global population rises and demand increases.
For example, the economy in Russia remains extremely tight and,
despite financial constraints, refiners must meet Euro 3
transportation fuel regulations this year and be prepared for Euro
5 by 2015. In terms of local product specifications, export markets
can bring different demands. With the Middle East, for example,
now providing significant product to Europe, South America and
other regions, refiners must comply with the 10 weight parts per
million (wppm) sulphur transportation fuels specification even
though it is not required for the domestic market. In developing
markets, tighter specifications for motor gasoline (mogas) or diesel
will also be imposed.
During the next five years and beyond refiners must look forward
to find more viable solutions. There is never a simple single
solution. A flexible and tailored approach is necessary to account
for individual circumstances. Intelligently applied, integrated
technology and a robust sulphur management strategy are
important now more than ever.
In this supplement, we showcase the thinking and technologies,
which facilitate the effective management of sulphur in any form,
as refiners face processing heavier, sourer crudes despite more
stringent product specifications and emissions legislation.
examples of how refiners are responding to increasingly
stringent environmental specifications as they relate to
sulphur and other emissions using the Pentagon Model.
We then provide insight into the key technologies that help
refiners execute on their sulphur management strategies.
The Shell Global Solutions Sulphur Technology Platform, a
focal point for integrated and customised sulphur
solutions, helps refiners process heavier, sourer crudes,
whilst meeting stringent emissions and product
requirements. In addition, distillate upgrading and catalyst
technology enables them to take their Ultra-Low sulphur
diesel (ULSD) units to the next level by improving product
quality or yield flexibility in revamp applications. JsC
Ukrtatnafta’s Kremenchug refinery highlights the success of
these technologies, which helped them improve the quality
of their transportation fuels and improve their margins.
Ultimately, innovative process and catalyst technology
solutions are required for processing heavier, sourer crudes
whilst meeting emissions and clean transportation fuel
specifications, specifically in relation to sulphur. By using
integrated technology solutions to optimise sulphur
management strategies, we can face today’s refining
challenges head on to survive and thrive!
Süleyman Özmen
Vice President, Refining and Chemical Licensing,
Shell Global Solutions International B.V.

We begin with the innovative ways of thinking that refiners can

apply when dealing with the sulphur paradox. At the macro-level,
the Shell energy scenarios enable refiners to navigate the energy
landscape, exploring possible developments in the future of energy
and testing strategies against those potential developments. The
Shell Global Solutions Pentagon Model, a multi-platform approach,
provides refiners with a template to help them improve operations
and invest in their future. Theory is put into practice as we provide

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Exploring alternative futures:
Shell scenarios enable refiners
to make better energy decisions
With the three most powerful drivers of the energy world -
demand, supply, and effects on the environment - all set to
undergo significant change in the coming years, the industry
stands at the brink of an era of significant transition. When
investing in operational improvements in the short or long
term, refiners need to consider a range of issues and how
they directly impact on their business. While price and
technology will certainly play a major role in helping to
drive these changes, political and social choices will
arguably have the biggest impacts.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that over
the next 25 years $8 trillion will need to be spent on
developing new oil fields in order to meet the world’s
anticipated oil needs. At the same time, refiners need to take
into account the sulphur paradox, as feedstocks typically
contain increasing levels of sulphur, but specifications for the
cleanliness of fuels are ever-tightening. With higher sulphur
crude going into refineries, more hydrogen sulphide, SOx,
COx and NOx are being produced. Refiners must ensure
that they have hydroprocessing technologies in place that
are able to process more sour crude into high value
products so they can meet shifts in demand without
infringing new legislation.
In order to survive and thrive in this transitioning
environment, refiners need to consider cutting edge
technology solutions - like Shell Global Solutions’ Sulphur
Technology Platform - to ensure that they can compete in the
new energy world whilst continuing to meet emissions
standards and product specifications.
Energy scenarios
Shell has been using energy scenarios for almost forty years
to explore possible developments in the future of energy and
to test strategies against those shifts. Decision makers use
these scenarios to gain insight into the uncertainties ahead
that concern them most, and explore the ways in which
discontinuities might unfold. Scenarios enable better
decisions today which will drive better performance in the
midst of greater uncertainty.
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Scenarios for the energy system differ from traditional forecasting
techniques because they offer a long-term analysis from different
perspectives. The approach is critical because the rate of change
depends on the time needed to develop new equipment, obtain
permits to deploy, and also for the lifecycle of existing capital stock
and equipment to expire. It takes on average three decades for a
new technology to emerge in the energy system and reach a
maturity level whereby it can deliver around one per cent of global
energy provision. Given that it can take a long time for the energy
systems to evolve, the choices we make today influence the way the
energy system plays out over the next 20 to 30 years.
The Three Hard Truths
To develop scenarios, it is important to consider a range of different
elements including consumer choices, government policies, the
availability of energy resources and developing technology trends.
However, before we factor in these variables there are three
elements in the energy and environment space that cannot be
overlooked. Shell calls these the Three Hard Truths:
n  lobal energy demand is accelerating in developing economies,
G
notably in the East. By 2050 the UN forecasts that the global
population will grow by 50 per cent to 9 billion people, which will
see energy demand increase from current levels of around 250
million barrels of oil equivalent a day to around 300 to 400
million barrels a day;
n  onventional sources of energy supply will struggle to keep up
C
with demand growth; and
n  ore energy means more emissions at a time when climate
M
change looms as a critical global issue.
Within the boundaries of our Three Hard Truths, society and
governments exercise choices, leading to many possible outcomes
for the energy system. Our scenarios explore two very different
possibilities:
Scenario one: Scramble
Scramble represents a world where action takes place on a national
level, with each government focused on securing energy for their
own particular needs over concerns relating to the impact of energy
on the environment and society. The choice of the term Scramble for
this scenario is significant as it highlights how the world is always
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 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry

Scenario One: Scramble Scenario Two: Blueprints

trying to catch up with growing energy demand by pursuing the
easiest, cheapest and most plentiful resources available.
With a pervasive short-term mindset, the demand for readily-
available coal continues to grow very quickly. However, as the
emissions challenge becomes more extreme, people are inevitably
forced to consider other energy sources. At this point the next area
of growth will be biofuels, since the technology is mature and can
be implemented relatively quickly at a time when fast solutions are
required, although that may have unintended consequences.
Shortly after, there will be a recognition that nuclear is probably
the best solution for electricity supply. However, as nuclear power
takes time to build and is relatively expensive by comparison, there
will be an energy supply crunch in which countries are forced to
take action to manage demand, by imposing taxes and mandates
to reduce energy consumption.
Scenario two: Blueprints
Blueprints represents a world where a patchwork of solutions to
tackle energy demand, supply and climate stresses emerge at a
local and regional level and coalesce into mainstream solutions.
It is a world in which people think more strategically about global
energy needs and plan for a future that includes taking action in
relation to climate change and more efficient use of energy.
In a Blueprints world, less coal is used in favour of cleaner natural
gas resources and renewable energy sources are developed and
deployed more quickly.
Investment in technology and market-based systems continues to
help increase the number of emissions reduction schemes and
build on the success of carbon capture and storage projects as the
primary means of abating the effects of CO2 from fossil
fuel energy. The majority of coal and gas plants will have
carbon capture and storage associated with them, either
installed new or retrofitted. Technologies like the Sulphur
Technology Platform provided by Shell Global Solutions
also enable refiners to manage the ever-growing level of
sulphur produced in refining processes despite processing
ever-heavier crudes. By employing such solutions, it is
easier for refiners to measure reactions. As a result,
security of supply is more easily assured as demand is
better managed on a global basis.
Preparing for the future
Today, the fundamental long-term energy drivers and
uncertainties remain largely as anticipated. However,
when we consider all the factors together and impose on
them the enduring economic uncertainty, it’s clear that the
energy system will be even more volatile over the next
three to five years and possibly beyond, impacting refiners
along the way.
There will be new competition from other energy sources
for transport fuels - although this will not happen
consistently across the world - raising challenges in terms
of refinery footprints and also in meeting demands for
specific products and increasing trade.
Transition is inevitable in the world energy system as we
strive to provide more energy using sources that produce
less SOx, COx, and NOx emissions. However, there are
also real opportunities for positive change if we can
begin to use energy more efficiently. Overall, 30 per cent

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 Special Supplement to

HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING®

of the total energy produced today is lost when converting 120

mb/d
it from source to a state where it can actually meet
energy demand. 100

Long-term scenario planning is vital as the choices that we

80
make over the next two, three, four, five years will lock in
the way the energy system will play out over the next 20
to 30 years. Like others seeking to shape the future energy 60

environment, refiners are faced with a range of

uncertainties within their business as it undergoes radical 40
transition. Integrated, comprehensive and customised
technology solutions such as those which make up the 20
Sulphur Technology Platform can help them adapt to the
changing energy world.
0

Scenario planning enables refiners to navigate the energy 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
landscape, but the next step is to provide refiners with a
template, enabling them to help improve operations and Natural gas liquids IEA estimate 24 mb\d
of supply will need
meet the challenges presented by the sulphur paradox. replacing by 2015
Non-conventional oil
This is explored in the next article, which demonstrates
how theory can be put into practice. Crude oil – yet to be developed (inc. EOR) or found

Crude oil – currently producing fields

Jack Barnes
Senior Energy Advisor, Shell International B.V. 64 mb/d of 64gross
mb/d capacity needs
of gross to be installed
capacity needs tobetween 2007 &between
be installed 2030 - six times
the current2007 & 2030
capacity – six
of Saudi times- to
Arabia the current
meet capacity
demand growthof& offset decline
Saudi Arabia – to meet demand growth & offset decline

Energy branching point

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 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry
Empowering sulphur management:
Shell Global Solutions
Pentagon Model helps
refiners invest in future
As “easy oil” increasingly fails to meet demand, more difficult
feedstocks with higher sulphur are increasingly used and senior
refinery managers are asking themselves how they can maintain
efficiency, throughput and margins in this environment, while having
to deal effectively with product sulphur specification and sulphur-
based emission limitation.
The key to navigating this sulphur paradox and investing in the
future lies in a multi-platform Shell Global Solutions Pentagon
Model, which forms the foundation for the Sulphur Technology
Platform, which is explored in greater depth in the next article.
While long-term scenario planning can provide refiners with the
capability to test strategies against potential developments in the
future of energy, the Pentagon Model is an approach that refiners
can use as a template when performing various projects that help
optimise operations, restructure existing assets and improve margins.
This three-pronged model, developed using Shell Global Solutions’
expertise and experience as both a refiner and technology provider,
encourages refiners to:
n F ocus on operational improvements with no capital expenditures
– or ‘sweating the assets’ – in the short term;
n  evamp to meet demand for clean fuels, increase margins while
R
improving efficiencies and maximise production in the mid-term; and
n Schedule phased investment for the long term.
First pentagon: ‘Sweat the assets’
Refiners are finding it more difficult to obtain financing for new
projects despite facing strict laws that force the production of
low-sulphur products and dealing with aging assets. Beginning with
the first pentagon, refiners can increase their profitability with their
existing assets – or ‘sweat their assets’ – with no capital expenditure.
Every refinery has the capability to get $0.3 to $1 per barrel of
improvements. Tupras, for example, embarked on its first pentagon
programme three years ago. They made operational improvements
with a focus on reliability, training of staff and energy management.
As a result, they were able to save $240 million through application
of the first pentagon.
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In an industry where refiners must increase their margins
and maximise production, implementing the first pentagon
provides a strong foundation for increased operational
excellence in the short term.
Second pentagon: Revamps
Refiners can begin to invest in upgrading units, including
hydrocrackers, thermal crackers and other applications as
part of the implementation of the second pentagon. This is
an investment that ranges between $5 million to $25
million with a return on investment of between one to three
years depending on the scope of the project. Successful
refiners invest in revamp projects with the money
generated from implementation of operational
improvements in the first pentagon.
For example, one refiner who invested in hydrocrackers for
many years wanted further improvements, including the
installation of new reactor internals and new catalysts to
boost performance. As a result they were able to process
additional feedstock and increase middle distillate yields.
Another US refinery that was previously operating a fluid
catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, but had a vacuum gas oil
(VGO) hydrotreating FCC unit, is now converting the unit to
a mild hydrocracker. In addition they revamped their
vacuum unit to deep flash operation to yield more VGO
feedstock for the mild hydrocracker. This type of revamp
has been popular in the last two years.
Refiners that will thrive in the next five to ten years are
managing the sulphur paradox by evaluating their existing
hydroprocessing, distillation and sulphur recovery units,
looking into ways to improve and determining the
long-term needs driving the refinery to improved margins
while meeting environmental restrictions. As new refineries
are built and displace the ones that cannot keep up with
the changes, it is becoming more important for refiners to
make the right margins and have the right conversions.
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Short-Term =
Just Surviving
Operational
Improvements
Short-Term
Revamp
Solutions
Health, safety and environmental
issues are of great importance to
Shell GS and thus central to all
pentagon options
Third pentagon: Phased investment
To succeed long term, refiners must continue investing in
phases as part of the third pentagon. For example, if they
want to maximise their diesel production with the right
product combination, they will need to install using deep
flash technology with the hydrocracker and/or build light
cycle oil (LCO) hydrotreaters to enhance production of diesel.
There are environmental benefits to phased investment as
well. Refiners with a typical crude distillation unit and high
vacuum unit can invest in new technologies as part of the
Sulphur Technology Platform and thereby decrease their
energy use by approximately 25 per cent by integrating
their technologies. This not only helps refiners reduce capital
investment, it can also help them achieve energy efficiency
and CO2 reduction as well.
A multi-platform approach to sulphur
Each of the three pentagons enables refiners to improve
operations and adapt to changing emissions and product
standards. During implementation of the first pentagon,
refiners are able to make enough operational
improvements to gain savings for further investment in
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Short-to-Medium-Term=
Survive/Starting to Thrive
Long-Term=
Thrive
Phased
Investments
Over
Long-Term
revamps. They can then use their increased margins for the phased
investment programme in the long-term, enabling them to
implement effective strategies for dealing with sulphur and other
by-products and emissions.
It is crucial refiners invest now and continue to do so in order to
prepare for an inevitable surge in demand and more stringent
emissions legislation and product specifications. Refiners can use the
lessons learned from the recent economic crisis to avoid the ‘stop
and go’ behaviour of past crises in which refiners ceased investing
in new projects through a multi-platform approach.
Efficient and continuous project management is a necessity in a
challenging, cyclical business environment. With the Pentagon
Model, refiners will enhance their existing assets to meet the
growing energy demand by implementing appropriate sulphur
management technologies such as the Sulphur Technology Platform
and, at the same time, increase their margins. By adopting the
Pentagon Model now, refiners will be in a better position to survive
and thrive in the short and long term.
Süleyman Özmen
Vice President, Refining and Chemical Licensing,
Shell Global Solutions International B.V.
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 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry
The Sulphur Technology Platform:
Refiners meet the
sulphur challenge with
integrated solutions
Through the multi-platform Pentagon Model, Shell Global Solutions
provides a portfolio of integrated, comprehensive and customised
technology solutions to meet refiners’ specific short-term and
long-term business goals. Known as the Sulphur Technology
Platform, this suite of technologies can help refiners not only survive
but thrive in today’s volatile economy and environment by dealing
with sulphur in all its forms, including: sulphur in crude; sulphur in
all products, from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to residue;
hydrogen sulphide (H2S); sulphur dioxide (SO2); mercaptans;
and solid sulphur.
The Shell Global Solutions licensing portfolio, which includes
technologies from key, carefully selected alliances, is a
comprehensive portfolio of integrated technologies derived from
and fine-tuned using real business challenges that can be customised
to meet each refiner’s individual business needs.
Business value
Shell Global Solutions supports refineries through the crucial
front-end development phase, where decisions are critical and have
a strong influence on the overall project value.
Initial consultancy and extended services throughout the project
lifecycle may include:
n  arket studies, such as scenario planning and masterplanning to
M assessment of the performance of the diesel hydrotreater
help take a view of the future market and to enable more robust
decision making regarding location, feedstock, logistics, process
configuration and hardware requirements;
n F ront-end development to optimise process design and
technology selection;
n Implementation support, such as project management support
and contractor management to ensure budgets and schedules
are met; and
n  tart-up and commissioning services to reduce implementation
S
time and organisational effectiveness reviews throughout the
project lifecycle.
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Shell Global Solutions then works with refineries to provide
optimised technical solutions as part of the Sulphur
Technology Platform that can help them to reduce the
sulphur levels of their products, from gasoline and diesel
through to LPG and fuel oil, to meet product specifications.
The solutions also enable refiners to remove H2S, SO2
and CO2 from their off-gases to meet their environmental
mandate whilst processing opportunity crudes that
represent an additional revenue opportunity.
Hydrotreating unit revamp to produce Euro 5 diesel
extended with dewaxing technology
One example of an application of the first pentagon
(“operational improvements”), allowed the upgrade of an
existing diesel hydrotreater. This particular case led to the
application of the second pentagon (“short-term revamps”)
through phased investment, which enabled the refinery’s
long-term competitive positioning in the region and helped
it to meet the regional winter grade diesel demand. The
regional supply and demand orbit has historically been
short of winter grade diesel and forecasted trends show
that this shortfall would continue or even grow.
The main objective of the phase I feasibility study was the
reactor section to meet the Euro 5 diesel specifications, in
combination with a future target capacity increase of 30
per cent compared to design.
The objective of the phase II revamp was the installation of
a second stage dewaxing section to achieve a further cloud
point reduction of 20˚C and thus produce a winter diesel
product for the local market.
The diesel hydrotreater was designed to process straight
run diesel and kerosene with a maximum sulphur content of
50 to 350 wppm. A maximum capacity testrun showed that
the unit was capable of operating at 115 per cent of the
design throughput at the premised feedstock, having a
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sulphur content of about 100 wppm in the diesel product.
The premised feedstock is a blend of 85 per cent wt straight
run diesel and 15 per cent visbreaker gasoil and light
catalytic cracked cycle oil (LCO). The unit was further
constrained in terms of a maximum pressure differential
across the reactor section, set by the fixed speed recycle
gas compressor capacity and heat integration limitations.
To achieve a diesel product sulphur content of less than 10
wppm, the installation of an additional reactor downstream
of the existing HDS reactor was required, while the
increased feed rate would require the installation of a
maximum diameter impeller for the diesel hydrotreater feed
charge pump, together with the replacement of the pump
driver. This solution was a minimum capital expenditure
(capex) solution for the refinery, meeting the premised Euro
5 diesel specifications and the target capacity increase of
30 per cent compared to design.
Processing of gas oils, especially when containing LCO, to
very low sulphur levels requires hydrogenation of the difficult
sterically-hindered sulphur species (dibenzothiophenes) found
in the heavy end of the feed. In order to achieve the required
sulphur in product, a catalyst system based around Criterion
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Catalysts & Technologies ASCENT™ platform DN-3531 and DC-2531
in a sandwich structure was proposed. The nickel molybdenum
(NiMo)-based catalyst was applied to reduce the residual nitrogen
to low enough levels for the (future) second stage noble metal
hydro-isomerisation dewaxing (HDW) catalyst. The cobalt
molybdenum (CoMo)-based catalyst had been included to meet
the diesel sulphur specification but minimise hydrogen consumption.
As an opportunity to minimise investment for the dewaxing expansion
in phase II of the revamp project, the heat integration of the reactor
section was optimised by the installation of a new hot high-pressure
separator (HHPS) scrubber as part of the application of the third
pentagon. This combination would make substantial heat available
from the new HHPS pump to be used for feed preheat, while at the
same time reducing the condensing duty requirement of the high
pressure vapour condenser. The pump around could also be used as
liquid quench in between the catalyst beds of the new reactor.
For phase II of the revamp project, the hydro-isomerisation
dewaxing technology was applied, because of yield advantage
over catalytic cracking dewaxing, and integrated within the existing
HDS reactor section. The concept of isomerisation dewaxing is
based on a catalyst having a zeolite structure, impregnated with
noble metal platinum (Pt).
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 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry

The feasibility study resulted in several benefits to the refinery’s The assessment demonstrated that in an integrated HDT/
revamp project. By applying the Pentagon Model, the refinery HCU configuration, the unconverted oil bleed from the
experienced a capacity expansion of 30 per cent and diesel common fractionation section to the FCC and the
product that met Euro 5 standards through phased capital remainder recycled to a hydrocracker unit (operating at
expenditure without replacement of capital-intensive equipment. higher conversion), would not be feasible at any of the
The refinery also produced winter diesel grade with a cloud point three investigated pressure levels. This was because the
specification of -25˚C. Lastly the refinery achieved increased diesel sulphur content of the middle distillate (kerosene and
yield (optimisation of gasoil stripper in work-up section) and diesel combined) could not meet the 10 wppm sulphur
increased unit reliability (reinstate wash water application). specification. Even at the 120 bar pressure level the
S-slip in ULSD was estimated at 65 wppm.
Integrated MHC/HDS Complex
In an example of the application of the third pentagon (“long-term For both the single-stage full range MHC and the
options”), an integration of mild hydrocracking and diesel integrated MHC/HDS configurations, the cetane number
desulphurisation units helped to add value to an existing refinery specification could not be achieved at the lower pressure
generating Euro 5 diesel quality products and feedstock for the levels of 80 bar and 100 bar. The density specification of
fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The main objective of the < 845 kg/m3 could only be met at SOR conditions for the
configuration review was to upgrade heavy gas oil single-stage full range.
(HGO)/vacuum gas oil (VGO) to diesel while still producing
At the highest pressure level of 120 bar, all diesel
unconverted oil (UCO) as feedstock to the FCC. Another business
specifications could be met for both these configurations.
driver was to hydrotreat excess light gas oil (LGO) to produce
The middle distillate yield from the single-stage full range
diesel. The challenge was to determine the most economical,
MHC configuration compared with the integrated MHC/
reliable and robust solution through co-processing or post
HDS is around 5 per cent lower due to extra cracking of
treatment while meeting diesel Euro 5 specification.
the LGO feed. Although the single-stage full range MHC

Fresh gas
From HMU
HDW
CHPS

Recycle Gas HP Amine

Compressor Absorber HDW Effluent
condenser
HDS 20
CHPS#2 Liquid
Reactor To HLPS#2
HP Vapour
Condenser
Pass 2-4

Pass 2-4

HDS Reactor#2
CHPS
To HLPS

Reactor Feed CHPS Liquid HDW

Heater Reactor
CHPS Water
To SWS

A/B/C/D
Feed / Effluent
Exchanger Interstage Stripper
HDW Feed
HHPS / Effluent
RG / Reactor Exchanger
Effluent Exchanger

HDW Effluent
KO Drum
HDW Feed Pump

A/B To HLPS#2
HHPS pumparound
Pump HDW Liquid
Feed Surge Drum M
New HHPS
Feed Charge Pump Pumparound Wash water
Exchanger

HHPS Liquid
To HLPS

A/B A-D
Feed / HDW Feed oil / Product Drier bottoms
Liquid Exchanger
Exchanger

Gasoil feed Diesel

From CDU

Final Diesel Hydrotreater Flow Scheme post revamp with Dewaxing technology

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 Special Supplement to

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CANSOLV SO2 scrubbing

Sulphur
Sulphur solidification pastilles

Gas/liquid treating Sulphur recovery

and regeneration and tail gas treating

LPG
LPG treating

Gasoline
Naphtha
Naphtha hydrotreating Gasoline
Catalytic reforming Benzene
Toluene
Atmospheric column

Xylene
Kerosene Kerosene wet treating
Kerosene/Jet
Crude oil

Kerosene hydrotreating
FCC gasoline selective Gasoline
Diesel
hydrodesulphurisation

Diesel hydrotreating Diesel

HGO

VGO hydrotreating

Diesel
LVGO
Vacuum column

Hydrocracking
FCC

Organic S H2S

Residue upgrading
HVGO

On-specification SOx/NOx
Furnaces, boilers
- Visbreaking product or emission
and turbines
- Residue hydroconversion Mercaptan/COS S
- Coking
- Solvent deasphalting SO2

Sulphur Technology Platform diagram

would have the higher operating flexibility of independent The right solution for managing sulphur should develop out of
turnarounds for maintenance and/or catalyst change deliberate evaluation of the application of technologies and their
compared with the HDS from MHC functions in the integration within a refinery. There are multiple options to deal
integrated MHC/HDS configuration, the higher capital with sulphur throughout the refinery. Flexibility within an overall
cost involvement for the two MHC reactors versus the refinery approach can increase capability to respond to market
HDS and MHC reactors will justify the loss in operating variation and clean fuel legislation or more stringent product
flexibility. specifications. Depending on the refiner’s business goals and the
existing refinery configuration, unique technical solutions are
The integrated configuration consists of a single-stage mild
available at every step of the Pentagon Model that encompass
hydrocracker (MHC) reactor in once-through operation
the whole refinery or focus on individual units.
and in parallel a single-stage hydrodesulphurisation (HDS)
reactor in once-through operation. Both reactors operate Shell Global Solutions, together with its various alliances, has
at the same pressure level. The configuration features developed and applied a broad portfolio of integrated and
common high pressure gas and recycle section, common comprehensive technology solutions that refiners can implement.
cold separation section and common work-up section. Enabling refiners to increase margins and prepare for more
stringent emissions regulations, the Sulphur Technology Platform
The configuration assessments and optimisation studies
allows refiners not only to survive, but also to thrive.
resulted in several benefits to the refinery project. The
refinery achieved its highest diesel and kerosene yields, Yvonne Lucas
while meeting Euro 5 standards and producing Licensing Technology Manager, Refining,
unconverted oil requirement as feed for FCC. The project Shell Global Solutions International B.V.
utilised low capex involvement whilst optimising energy
efficiency and reliability of operations.

www.shell.com/globalsolutions

R03304-GS_HCP_Supp_Brochure_20pg_V5_AW.indd 11 18/2/11 14:44:29

 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry
Controlling emissions:
Responding to
increasingly
stringent
environmental
specifications
The sulphur paradox is resulting in refiners being squeezed from
both sides by tighter product specifications and increasing
emissions legislation.
Although there are several technologies that take out the sulphur and
nitrogen molecules from the hydrocarbons, these molecules then end
up in some of the streams that must be cleaned up. Sulphur, mostly as
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is removed from the above streams using
treating solutions. The treating solutions are then regenerated, thereby
creating a H2S rich stream that must be handled. Refiners are not
permitted to just send this stream to an incinerator, burn it to SO2 and
emit it into the atmosphere. They must convert the H2S to something
else; a by-product that can be used, such as sulphur, or disposed of
as non-hazardous waste. How can refiners manage all of this?
A range of investments through application of the Shell Global
Solutions Pentagon Model can help refiners meet future regulation
and environmental issues that deal with handling sulphur as a
by-product. A portfolio of technologies as part of Shell Global
Solutions’ Sulphur Technology Platform can help remove refinery
emissions, enabling refiners to manage the sulphur paradox.
First pentagon: Handling more H2S
With refiners faced with doing more with less, the first step is to make
sure they are getting the maximum use out of the assets they have
before they start making new investments or wholesale changes to
refinery operations. This process of going back and looking at
refinery assets based on current and anticipated concerns is known
as the first pentagon. It is the starting point in the journey to improved
operations, which continuously adapt to changing product
specifications and emissions standards.
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R03304-GS_HCP_Supp_Brochure_20pg_V5_AW.indd 12
Reducing emissions plays a key role in decision-making for
refinery operators. To ensure, for example, that the refinery
amine treating system is operating at optimum, maintenance
of amine hygiene is very important. The Sulphur Technology
Platform enables proper amine hygiene, ensuring that the
treating solvent a refiner is using matches what the system
was designed for. It also ensures that the type of amine
molecule and the amount of amine circulating solution is
correct, so that all the amine molecules are able to pick up
the acid gas components. Most gas streams contain some
contaminants that degrade amine over time and form, for
example, organic acids. These organic acids tie up the
amine molecule and, as a result, refiners don’t get as much
out of the amine as they would normally.
What Shell does in its own refineries every one to two years
is to clean up the amine, bringing in outside truck-mounted
systems to take out these contaminants so that the amine can
be restored to its full capacity.
Applying the first pentagon can help refiners get five to 10
per cent more capacity out of the assets that they already
have without making significant equipment changes. Before
making a new investment, refiners that thrive are making sure
they are getting the maximum out of what they have while
they plan for any future additions and operational changes.
Second pentagon: Debottlenecking the amine system
When applying the second pentagon, refiners implement
short-term solutions or revamps, allowing investments to be
made during a normal turnaround.
Many new amine solvents available today are more
energy-efficient and have higher capacity. As a result,
change out of a solvent during a turnaround can help a
refiner get more capacity in the system. For instance, a plant
in the northern part of the US was using diethanolamine
(DEA) as the solvent, and the inlet gas rates were about to
increase by about 30 to 35 per cent. Shell Global Solutions
studied the facility and recommended changing the refining
process to the Sulfinol-X1 process. The plant was able to
boost capacity by 30 per cent and save energy for
regeneration without making any hardware changes.
The plant was able to lower its circulation rate due to the high
capacity of Sulfinol-X and the smaller heat of regeneration
requirements.
Another refinery was adding a new hydrotreater unit (DHT)
and wanted help with optimising their amine system. They
needed amine for the recycle hydrogen scrubber in the new
DHT, and wanted the same amine for use in other parts of
the refinery. The facility still needed to meet the sulphur
specifications on the low-pressure fuel system. Shell Global
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 Special Supplement to

HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING®

Solutions evaluated the system and changed the
monoethanolamine (MEA) process that they were using to the
Shell Global Solutions’ ADIP-M (aqueous MDEA) process.
In addition, Shell Global Solutions recommended acid aided
regeneration additive that was needed to keep the fuel gas
H2S specification low. This helped increase the sulphur
handling capacity from 167 t/d to 290 t/d (almost double the
capacity of the system), supply amine to new DHT recycle gas
scrubber and maintain low fuel gas H2S specifications without
adding a whole new unit.
Even simple, small changes and investments can get refiners
anywhere between 15 to 30 per cent more capacity in the
existing assets.
Third pentagon: Achieving very low sulphur emissions
Refiners ultimately look to implement long-term solutions or
schedule phased investments as part of the third pentagon. The
Sulphur Technology Platform provides a range of technologies
that can help refiners focus on long-term improvements while
meeting product and emissions standards at the same time.
For example, the Claus, SuperClaus and EuroClaus units can
take a refinery up to 96 to about 99.3 per cent sulphur
recovery. However, if a refinery needs to go beyond this,
they would need to add tail gas treating to the tail gas
coming from the sulphur plant. The tail gas coming from the sulphur
plant contains many sulphur species. In a tail gas treating plant, all
these sulphur species are converted to H2S, which is then picked up
by an amine system and recycled to the front end of the Claus unit.
The Shell Claus Offgas Treatment unit (SCOT) is a low sulphur,
low-temperature tail gas treating unit that allows refiners to achieve >
99.9 per cent sulphur recovery. This particularly helps refiners meet
the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) consent decree, whereby refineries
are expected to reduce sulphur emissions, or at least hold the sulphur
emissions at the levels at which they were at before, whilst the feed to
the FCC is increasing in sulphur content.
In the new Shell Global Solutions designs, the amine unit, the sulphur
plant and the tail gas treating units are all completely integrated so
refiners can thrive by achieving very high (>99.9 per cent) sulphur
recoveries and low emissions. Shell Global Solutions, along with its
various alliances, offer the extremely robust Sulphur Technology
Platform that covers all facets of refinery operations where sulphur or
nitrogen is present in any form, allowing refiners to respond quickly
and effectively to changing environmental specifications.
Pervaiz Nasir
Regional Manager Gas/Liquid Treating and Sulphur Processes,
Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc.

2
6 in wt. eq.
sulphur emitted

Reduce SOx
and NOx
in emissions

100 in SULPHUR ISSUES INSIDE 3 in wt.

More sour wt. eq. THE REFINERY: eq. sulphur
Reduce
1 crude =
more
sulphur
going
Create more H2S, sulphur in
products
in end
products 3
sulphur in via Create more SOx, (10 ppm
feedstock NOx & COx S spec)

Produces more
elemental
sulphur

91 in wt. eq.
sulphur
converted into
elemental
sulphur

Sulphur Technology Platform diagram 4 Sulfinol is a Shell trademark.

1

www.shell.com/globalsolutions

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 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry
Beyond ULSD:
Refiners implement
tomorrow’s distillate
upgrading technology t
The global distillate market is expected to remain tight over the next
few years, which will continue to encourage refiners to favour diesel
production over gasoline. Complicated further by the sulphur
paradox, senior refinery managers are asking themselves how they
can maintain efficiency, throughput and margins in this challenging
environment.
Although redirecting heavy naphtha is a way to generate additional
diesel barrels, a greater incentive exists to increase the endpoint of
diesel streams or upgrade more fluid catalytic cracking light cycle
oil (FCC LCO) from the heating or fuel oil pool into on-road diesel.
For example, since 2005, when Euro 4 ULSD specifications took
effect in Europe, the value of diesel over lower quality dispositions
has increased by a factor of three to five times. With more stringent
legislations cropping up all over the globe, refiners have
considerable economic incentive to upgrade heavy diesel molecules
or convert LCO to ULSD product now and for the foreseeable future.
The challenge will be to adopt more innovative ways of thinking
about meeting long-term product standards and emissions
legislation in order to maximise diesel volume. The good news is
that refiners can optimise operations and meet these requirements
through the multi-platform Shell Global Solutions Pentagon Model.
The Pentagon Model can help refiners move “beyond ULSD” to
improve cetane, reduce aromatics, upgrade cold flow properties,
improve density, reduce heavy diesel end point, process biodiesel
components and shift conversion between naphtha, kerosene and
diesel. By employing the Pentagon Model with advanced unit
www.shell.com/globalsolutions
R03304-GS_HCP_Supp_Brochure_20pg_V5_AW.indd 14
designs, customised catalyst solutions and process
configurations from the Sulphur Technology Platform,
refiners are able to not only survive but thrive in this
volatile environment.
A strong ULSD catalyst portfolio
A strong ULSD catalyst portfolio is a key enabler for
upgrading diesel quality while meeting sulphur
specifications. A robust and flexible portfolio maximises
activity to reduce the volume of catalyst necessary to
achieve ULSD targets. This frees up reactor volume for
other upgrading catalyst system options. The catalyst
portfolio provides a range of nickel molybdenum (NiMo)
and cobalt molybdenum (CoMo) catalysts to control
hydrodesulphurisation (HDS), hydrodenitrification (HDN)
and aromatic saturation (ASAT) thus improving the quality
of the feed flowing to the catalyst systems. Offering the
flexibility to modify hydrogen consumption and offset
hydrogen requirements associated with additional
upgrading requirements, the ULSD catalyst portfolio also
provides a flexible set of products that can be
presulphurised, activated and regenerated to meet unit
process and operations requirements.
Criterion Catalysts & Technologies’ portfolio is extensive,
reflecting the continuous innovation and commitment to
catalysis research and development across all
hydroprocessing applications. The latest products allow
18/2/11 14:44:30

y today
ULSD to occur in a reactor volume that is only 60-75 per
cent (~10-15°C more activity) of first generation ULSD
products in the market. The CENTERA® products in
particular provide refiners with a great opportunity to
reduce the amount of catalyst needed to make ULSD,
freeing up space to utilise other upgrading catalysts in the
same reactor system. Both the CoMo DC-2618 at lower
operating pressure and the NiMo DN-3630 at higher
operating pressures offer considerable activity gains.
Reactor internals technology
Implementing the additional chemistries requires proper
control over the reaction environment, which in many cases
requires much finer control over gas and liquid flows as
well as reaction temperatures. In fact, if proper mixing and
redistribution does not occur, there can be a detrimental
impact on the catalytic environment, which can reduce
product quality or degrade yields.
Shell Global Solutions’ reactor internals technology
provides advanced vapour and liquid distribution and
optimised mixing of vapour and liquids. Two of the most
widely known are the high dispersion distributor tray
(HD-tray) and ultra flat quench (UFQ) assembly, both of
which are responsible for ensuring maximum contact of
liquid and gas with the catalyst and uniform temperature
control of both phases separately, as a result of excellent
mixing performance regardless of quench load.
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Special Supplement to
HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING®
Shell Global Solutions HD-trays have been able to substantially
improve performance of units by distributing gas and liquid more
widely over the catalyst bed. The robustness of these distribution
trays combined with a high tolerance against tray tilt and a
boltless, weldless and ergonomic design, have made these trays a
desirable choice for refiners in application of the second
pentagon (revamps) and for new units. Over 1500 trays have
been supplied to customers in the last 10 years. Besides the
HD-tray, the UFQ has been an integral component for higher
severity applications like ULSD and hydrocracking units, which
have a large heat release and need of uniform temperature
control from bed to bed.
After implementing a strong ULSD catalyst portfolio and reactor
internals technology, refiners looking to implement additional
chemistries can choose from various types of upgrading that are
enabled by catalyst and reactor internals technologies; to operate
in the “beyond ULSD” mode. These include: ASAT, selective ring
opening (SRO), “mild” hydrocracking (MHC) and cold flow
improvement via catalytic dewaxing (CDW).
Aromatic Saturation (ASAT)
Refiners can choose from two catalyst plus process ASAT solution
options, depending on the degree of aromatic saturation required.
Single Stage – Enhanced Aromatic Saturation (EAS)
EAS involves utilising a bed or two of a multi-bed ULSD unit for
ASAT. In this scenario, all or most of the HDS and HDN reactions
occur in the lead beds of reactor. The low levels of organic
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18/2/11 14:44:31
 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry
sulphur and organic nitrogen in the latter beds of the reactor
create an environment that is favourable for ASAT to occur. Diesel
is then processed in the latter beds to meet cetane, density, and
aromatics content targets for ULSD product specifications. This
allows a portion of the reactor to be operated in a temperature
range that is favourable for ASAT, maximising ASAT and the
product property improvements associated with it throughout the
catalyst cycle.
Two-Stage - Deep Aromatic Saturation (DAS)
The requirement for the first stage operation of the two-stage ASAT
technology, indicated as DAS for deep aromatic saturation, is to
prepare ULSD feedstock for the second stage noble metal catalyst
system. Since the noble metal catalyst can be poisoned by H2S
and NH3, these by-products are removed in an inter-stage stripper,
and the stripped liquid is recombined with clean treat gas to
complete the aromatic saturation reactions.
An advantage of two-stage ASAT units is that they can be
designed for low to moderate pressure operation. The major
disadvantages are that they are more complex than single stage
operations and are hydrogen intensive.
www.shell.com/globalsolutions
R03304-GS_HCP_Supp_Brochure_20pg_V5_AW.indd 16
Selective Ring Opening (SRO)
SRO can provide improved diesel product quality (density,
aromatics, cetane) with a distillate selective reaction
pathway due to the clean nature of the ULSD product.
Catalyst acidity is carefully controlled to avoid full
hydrocracking, which would result in excessive distillate
yield shift to naphtha.
Shell Global Solutions and Criterion Catalysts &
Technologies offer a wide range of solutions including
naphtha hydrotreaters to process straight run naphtha and
coker naphtha, distillate hydrotreaters, and sulphur recovery
units - all of which form part of Shell Global Solutions’
overall Sulphur Technology Platform.
Utilising SRO for cetane enhancement will result in some
shift of distillate to naphtha. The multi-functional catalysts
used in the SRO system permit some naphthenic molecules
to “exit” the reversible aromatic saturation loop via
conversion, increasing the overall conversion. SRO catalyst
systems can also deliver the required density, aromatics
and cetane at ~10 per cent lower overall H2 consumption
than ASAT.
18/2/11 14:44:33

“Mild” Hydrocracking (MHC)
With sufficient operating pressure and hydrogen availability,
MHC of diesel feed components to gasoline can provide
both an opportunity to upgrade the quality of the diesel
product as well as an operating flexibility to capture any
shifts in diesel and gasoline margins. MHC is different from
full hydrocracking in that conversion objectives are much
lower. From the product diesel perspective, this is a selective
way to remove the worst molecules and generate a much
higher quality product. Significant incremental improvement
in aromatics, density, and cetane can be achieved with
~10 per cent naphtha production.
Cold Flow Improvement via Catalytic Dewaxing (CDW)
At low temperatures, products with “waxy” components
start to crystallise and affect the flow characteristics of
the product. To avoid problems of fuel supply to an
engine or lubricating problems under low temperature
conditions, diesel fuels and lube oils often have stringent
specifications on flow properties at low temperature.
Implementation of CDW provides feedstock flexibility
and enables refiners to achieve cold flow property
specifications, avoid expensive cold flow improvement
additives and reduce kerosene blending.
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Special Supplement to
HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING®
Summary
In addition to the catalyst being an enabler for going “beyond
ULSD”, reactor hardware and process technology improvements
enable one or more upgrading chemistries to occur in a single
stage, moderate pressure system, making this a cost-effective unit for
producing clean distillate products. These combined catalyst and
process options provide opportunities to improve refinery economics
by capturing the margins for high quality ULSD over lower value
fuels. Possible choices include processing of heavier and dirtier
feeds, handling additional LCO, and providing crude slate flexibility.
By investing in the Sulphur Technology Platform, refiners can reach
“beyond ULSD” to mitigate the effects of the sulphur paradox and
capture opportunities to upgrade diesel quality (or modify yield
profiles) without settling for the economic constraints of regular
ULSD operations. These opportunities range from simple catalyst
changes to capital project upgrades at any stage of the Pentagon
Model. These fundamental examples clearly demonstrate how
refiners can implement solutions to build flexibility into ULSD
assets, driving opportunities to improve profitability and thrive in
any economic environment.
Salvatore P. Torrisi, Jr.
Business Manager, Distillate Catalysts,
Criterion Catalysts & Technologies
www.shell.com/globalsolutions
18/2/11 14:44:37
 Integrated
Solutions
For Thriving in Tomorrow’s Refining Industry

Improving Operations:

Integrated solutions help

Ukrtatnafta refinery thrive
with better fuel quality
and higher margins
Like many refiners today, JsC Ukrtatnafta’s Kremenchug
refinery in Ukraine was at a crossroads, facing a business
imperative to increase production of better quality fuels,
improve revenues and meet forthcoming stringent fuel
regulations, a manifestation of the sulphur paradox.
With refining capacity of four to 10 million tonnes of crude
oil per annum, Ukraine’s largest refinery needed strategic
replacement and phased upgrading of aging assets. Even
though gasoline sulphur content was a priority, the refiner
also needed to improve quality of diesel fuel, focusing not
only on production of Ultra-Low sulphur grades but also on
producing winter grades with enhanced cold flow
properties. These improvements would allow Ukrtatnafta to
gain revenue opportunities largely fed by the country’s
growing share of commuter and commercial diesel vehicles.

To help Ukrtatnafta achieve its goals within its financial

parameters, Shell Global Solutions and Criterion Catalysts
& Technologies provided integrated, comprehensive and
customised technology solutions as part of the Sulphur
Technology Platform. Ukrtatnafta also adopted the Shell
Global Solutions Pentagon Model, approaching its refining
process by maximising use of its existing assets (first
pentagon), revamps (second pentagon) and phased
investments (third pentagon). This approach helped
Ukrtatnafta not only survive but thrive, as it optimised its
operations and improved margins as a result.

Key success factors

Drawing on deep experience and knowledge gained as
an owner and operator of large, complex refining facilities,
Shell Global Solutions and Criterion Catalysts &
Technologies worked with Ukrtatnafta to implement
solutions from the Sulphur Technology Platform and to
ensure that the key requirements of a successful revamp
were met:

www.shell.com/globalsolutions

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n  uality - ensure that the right project is well executed;
Q n
invest with no regrets; and identify all potential value that
can be unlocked during the revamp.
n  peed - execute fast with no delays and target to start
S
producing high quality fuels within the shortest period of
time (i.e. months rather than years).
n  ost - maximise use of existing equipment as an
C
application of the first pentagon; define depth of project
requirements and invest wisely in a quick win project with
room for longer term improvement as an application of
the third pentagon.
n Implementation - use an experienced technology group
and deliver on time to benefit from improved fuel qualities.
Diagnose
To begin the project, Shell Global Solutions and Criterion
Catalysts & Technologies worked with Ukrtatnafta to
seamlessly analyse the refinery’s key requirements and
collaboratively bring forward solutions with minimal
infrastructure changes. Together, the team developed a
customised solution to revamp a diesel hydrotreating unit
(DHT) in two phases that would ultimately produce Euro 5
diesel. Recognising another opportunity to bring Kremenchug
closer to its business objectives, Criterion Catalysts &
Technologies and Shell Global Solutions also recommended
a cost-effective solution focused on improvement of
catcracker feed, and hence quality of gasoline pool, that
could be achieved by conversion of another DHT unit to treat
vacuum gasoil.
Design
To optimise production capabilities with minimal
infrastructure changes, one DHT unit (LCh-24-7/68 DHT),
consisting of two trains in parallel, underwent a two-phased
revamp. A second unit (LK 6U-300 DHT) was converted to
treat straight-run vacuum gasoil in line with the application
of the second pentagon.
Revamp of LCh-24-7/68 DHT Unit
Phase one improvements enable uninterrupted production
of automotive diesel based on the move to Euro 3, which
requires no more than 350 wppm sulphur content. With
lighter feedstock, the solution allows the refiner to produce
shipments of diesel with sulphur content of no more than
50 wppm to meet Euro 4 guidelines. The solution included
utilisation of offerings from Shell Global Solutions’ Sulphur
Technology Platform:
n  riterion Catalysts & Technologies’ new generation of
C
catalyst technology, ASCENT™ DC-2531, a high-activity
CoMo catalyst providing a full range of sulphiding
options as well as handling and loading flexibilities;
R03304-GS_HCP_Supp_Brochure_20pg_V5_AW.indd 19
Special Supplement to
HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING®
 eactor modifications with Shell Global Solutions’ reactor
R
internals, HD Trays and UFQs, to enhance unit performance,
distribute gas and liquid uniformly, minimise thermal
instabilities and maximise reactor catalyst inventory and
catalyst utilisation.
Conversion of LK 6U-300 DHT Unit
Criterion Catalysts & Technologies and Shell Global Solutions
recommended the conversion of another DHT unit to treat
straight-run vacuum gasoil, with minimal changes, that enables
production of vacuum gas oil with 0.2 per cent sulphur content.
The customised catalyst solution extends catalyst lifespan to a
cycle of about 24 months, thus yielding longer intervals between
scheduled maintenance. The unit conversion included:
n Supply of full set of reactor internals including HD tray and UFQs;
n  SCENT™ DC-2551 specially developed for medium pressure
A
VGO hydroprocessing applications, providing high coke stability,
metals uptake capacity and high activity; and
n  SCENT™ NiMo DN-3551 that provides protection to catalysts
A
from feed metal contaminants.
Deliver
Identifying challenges and working as a team towards the
optimal solutions, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies, Shell
Global Solutions and Ukrtatnafta successfully implemented a
series of strategic, cost-effective technology improvements that
enabled the Kremenchug refinery to meet competitive challenges,
improve margins and increase production at a time when fuel
standards were also becoming more stringent. During a 12-month
period ending in mid-2010, Ukrtatnafta realised sales and
revenue increases of more than 49 and 129 per cent,
respectively. During the same period, crude intake increased
51.5 per cent. While the focus was on enabling Kremenchug’s
gasoline grades to meet Euro 3 standards, upgrades for
production of low-sulphur diesel fuels significantly improved
refining efficiency. With sustained feedstocks, improvements also
facilitated full production of Euro 4 diesel fuel well ahead of the
mandate deadline.
With help from Shell Global Solutions and Criterion Catalysts
& Technologies, Ukrtatnafta was able to implement a full
integration of services, catalysts and licensing which form part
of the Sulphur Technology Platform. By applying the Pentagon
Model approach with the Sulphur Technology Platform solutions,
the refinery will be in a position to comply with Euro 4 and 5
standards, manage the sulphur paradox and not only survive
but thrive.
Malcolm Robertson
Director General, Shell Global Solutions
Eastern Europe B.V., Moscow
www.shell.com/globalsolutions
18/2/11 14:44:38
 ;=FL=J9 L`]F]pl?]f]jYlagfg^;YlYdqklL][`fgdg_q
…

LYcaf_allgl`]f]pld]n]d

CENTERA® is the latest development in catalyst technology from Criterion. Featuring nanotechnology
in active site assembly, CENTERA builds upon the strong legacy of Centinel, Centinel Gold
and ASCENT technologies. Based on your specific needs, CENTERA can help improve your
refining capabilities. Whether you are facing challenges in cycle length, feedstock type, or process
flexibility, our advanced technology offers a solution. Take a step forward with CENTERA. For more
information, please contact CriterionPublicAffairs@CRI-Criterion.com.

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