MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

(VODAFONE GROUP PLC.)

Student
  
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1

LO1: Differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of a manager.............................3

Task 1: What is management? Explain and differentiate between contemporary and seminal
theories of management with examples...........................................................................................3

Task 2: Define leader and a manager? What are the key differences in leader and a manager?.....4

Task 3: Define transformational and transactional leadership and list down the key differences in
both of them.....................................................................................................................................5

Task 4: Differentiate and explain hard management skills and soft leadership skills.....................6

LO2: Apply the role of a leader and the function of manager in given contexts............................7

Task 5: Explain situational leadership, systems leadership, task or relationship oriented

approaches and Apply them to the scenario....................................................................................7

Task 6: How would you apply chaos theory and management by objectives to the given
scenario?..........................................................................................................................................8

LO3 Demonstrate an appreciation of the role leaders and managers play in the operations
function of an organization............................................................................................................10

Task 7: Demonstrate and explain your understanding about the following theories:...................10

Six sigma,......................................................................................................................................10

Lean production.............................................................................................................................10

Queuing theory..............................................................................................................................11

Task 8: Demonstrate your understanding about the following operational management

approaches with help of examples:................................................................................................12

1- Total quality management......................................................................................................12

2- Just in time inventory.............................................................................................................12

3- Concept of continuous improvement (kaizen).......................................................................12

Task 9: Demonstrate and explain the following operational functions:........................................13

1- Transformation of raw material into finished goods..............................................................13

2- Process design........................................................................................................................14

3- Capacity management............................................................................................................14

4- Logistics and inventory management.....................................................................................15

LO4 Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between leadership and management in a

contemporary business environment.............................................................................................16

Task 10: Demonstrate and highlight your understanding about the relationship of management
and leadership in the context of the following areas.....................................................................16

1- Corporate social responsibility...............................................................................................16

2- Culture and values..................................................................................................................17

3- Ethics and sustainability.........................................................................................................17

Task 11: Discuss and demonstrate why it is important to have a healthy relationship with
stakeholders and meeting their expectations.................................................................................18

Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19

References......................................................................................................................................20
Introduction
Vodafone Group plc is a British multinational telecommunications conglomerate, with
headquarters in London. It predominantly operates services in the regions of Asia, Africa,
Europe, and Oceania. Among mobile operator groups globally, Vodafone ranked fifth by
revenue and second (behind China Mobile) in the number of connections (469.7 million) as of
2016.

Vodafone owns and operates networks in 26 countries and has partner networks in over 50
additional countries. Its Vodafone Global Enterprise division provides telecommunications and
IT services to corporate clients in 150 countries.

Vodafone has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE
100 Index. It had a market capitalization of approximately £52.5 billion as of 10 February 2016,
the eighth-largest of any company listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary
listing on NASDAQ.

The concepts of operational management help in revealing the management processes of internal
work processes concerning the production of goods along with the distribution of the services.
Vodafone Telecommunication Corporation is one of the leading telecommunication companies
throughout the different countries of the world
(Vodafone.com, 2016). The company is
engaged in providing a high quality of services
to all its customers and the primary aim of the
firm is to provide unmatched services to all its
customers. This research paper will explain the
distinction between the services and the goods
along with the concepts of the operations
management (Armstrong, 2014). There are five
of the crucial performance objectives which
need to be identified in order to enhance the
performance standard of an organization. The
four Vs of operation management helps in
providing the desired competitive avenge to the concerned organization and therefore its
evaluation becomes very significant. Thus, the role of the performance objectives is of great
importance as it provides he desired way for enhancing the performance of the team. The
inventory management process along with the quality of the goods and the services offered to the
customers.
LO1: Differentiate between the role of a leader and the
function of a manager.

Task 1: What is management? Explain and differentiate

between contemporary and seminal theories of
management with examples.
The act or art of managing, the conducting or supervising of business, the collective body of
those who manage or direct an enterprise.

Management is often included as a factor of production along with? Machines, materials, and
money. According to the management guru Peter Drucker (1909-2005), the basic task of
management includes both marketing and innovation. Practice of modern management originates
from the 16th century study of low-efficiency and failures of certain enterprises, conducted by
the English statesman Sir Thomas More (1478-1535). Management consists of the interlocking
functions of creating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing an
organization's resources in order to achieve the objectives of that policy.

There are several theories of management which implied with the leadership skills make the
company grow its operations. The operational management department of Vodafone, focuses on
the management theories and combine the efforts of leaders to cut down the cost of manufacture.

The contemporary theory of management is applied by Vodafone, to deal with the current
situation of the increased cost of the purchase and production. The managers can plan the
strategies such as selection of suppliers who can provide the raw material at lower cost. The
leaders in Vodafone, use their trait to motivate the employees to adopt advance technologies in
order to lower the cost of manufacturing and eliminate the resistance to change among the
employees through creating an environment of trust with the effective communication skills.

Classical management theory is applied in Vodafone, where the managers make the policies to
enhance the productivity.
Contingency theory focuses the change in the strategies according to the changes in the
situations. The leaders play an important role in which they influence the employees to bring
changes in the operations in order to meet the challenges prevailing in the market. The managers
of Vodafone considered the reasons of the increased cost of manufacture and applied the theory
to implement some changes in the operational activities to bring down the high prices of the
materials and equipment received from the suppliers and according they changed the policies of
the company in production and operation department.

Task 2: Define leader and a manager? What are the key

differences in leader and a manager?
Manager: In Vodafone, Managers are the persons who design and manage the work of an
organization in the direction of the pre-determined goals and objective of the company. For the
successful accomplishment of the objectives, the task of the managers is to develop and establish
the relevant strategies and policies and to plan the working of the staff and the employees with
the aim that they perform their respective tasks in accordance to the objectives. The managers are
distributed on various levels in an organization in order to manage the tasks in the different
departments. The managers are also concern with the appraisal of the performances of the
employees and they perform this task through implementing the perform appraisal process at the
regular time intervals (Ionescu & Dragomiroiu, 2014).

Leaders: Leaders are the people who get the work done from the employees concerning the
goals of the Vodafone. The leaders play an important role in motivating the employees through
their leadership and communication skills and inherent in them the vision of the organization.
They make the employees work in a manner to achieve the objectives. The major aim of leaders
is to influence and inspire the employees in order to their performance which as a result increase
the efficiency and productivity in the organization.

Differences between the managers and leaders;

Often, the roles of managers and leaders are considered as interchangeable, but their lies a
difference between the functions which are performed by the managers and the leaders in order
to get the employees work for the organization.
Managers in Vodafone perform the task of setting of the objectives as per the vision and mission
of the company and the task of the leaders is to further communicate the vision to the employees
and inspire them in such a way that the company’s vision become their vision and they follow
the steps provided by the leaders.

Managers In Vodafone Leaders in Vodafone

Leaders persuade the objectives developed
Managers set the objectives of the company.
by the managers.
Managers communicate the policies to the Leaders communicate and influence the
leaders. employees to work as per the policies.
Managers give direction to the groups. Leaders provide directions in team.
Managers create the ideas for the betterment Leaders play the role of implementing those
of the organization. ideas into reality.
Managers focus on things. Leaders focus on people.
The major role of managers is planning in While the role of leaders is to inspire the
the organization. employees to work.
Managers direct the work to the employees. Leaders motivate the employees to work.

Task 3: Define transformational and transactional

leadership and list down the key differences in both of
them.
In that special occasion, managers have used transformational leadership to manage the work and
responsibility. Managers of Vodafone used the power of knowledge and experience to make the
best decisions according to situations in operations. The autocratic leadership was effective to
make the quick and single handed decision authority in workplace during the changes in business
operations and objectives. The impact of changes in operations were also encouraged the
managers to use the transformational leadership in which employees were inspired and
developed according to objectives of organization. Transformational leadership style was
effective to create the dynamic vision for skills of employees to perform the variety of work
(Rice, 2013). With the power of transformational and autocratic leadership managers have
achieved the changes in customer market and objectives in business.

Transactional Leadership is based on a system of reward and punishment that are contingent
upon the performances of the followers. Generally the leader is task and outcome oriented in
nature. This theory of leadership is applied to those organizations who are only concerned with
the performance of their employees. The transactional theory of leadership promotes equality in
the company as the rules and regulations remains the same for every employee in the
organization and is not affected by the experience level of the employees. It helps in promoting a
concept to the employee that every individual is bound to get rewarded upon completing the
work effectively and smoothly and every individual is bound to get the punishment in case of
failing to perform in a task. The transactional theory of leadership is followed by majority of the
manufacturing companies in the world who aims to motivate their employees through rewards
such as incentives.

Task 4: Differentiate and explain hard management skills

and soft leadership skills.
For the employees of Vodafone, Hard skills are specific, teachable abilities that can be defined
and measured, such as typing, writing, math, reading and the ability to use software programs.
By contrast, soft skills are less tangible and harder to quantify, such as etiquette, getting along
with others, listening and engaging in small talk. In business, hard skills most often refer to
accounting and financial modeling.

Hard skills are quantifiable, such as proficiency in a foreign language, earning a degree or
certificate, operating a machine, or programming a computer. Hard skills are often listed on a job
applicant's cover letter and resume so employers know the applicant's qualifications for an open
position.
LO2: Apply the role of a leader and the function of
manager in given contexts.

Task 5: Explain situational leadership, systems

leadership, task or relationship oriented approaches and
Apply them to the scenario.
Vodafone is famous for taking a leadership position on the field and in the marketplace. But
what it’s just done for the entire apparel industry is both surprising and enlightening.

Functional administration is all actual able-bodied but it doesn't advise us to accord with
changes, altered situations and the attributes of the bodies actuality led. Situational theories of
administration were developed to acquisition acceptable means of adapting administration
accomplishments to accommodate the needs of altered situations and circumstances.

One archetypal situational archetypal of administration is anxious with anecdotic the adeptness
and alertness of those actuality led, and again free the best appearance of administration to
follow. Other approaches

The setting direction characteristic of systems leadership (Hopkins and Higham, 2007) is a
primary function and a strong point of a transformational leader who ranks high as a proactive
and innovative leader.

Vodafone uses different leadership approaches, depending on what circumstances demand.

Although all other type of leadership styles have been and are being proved beneficial for the
organization, but these all styles have something or other lacking. So, the best leadership style
applied is the Situational Leadership as it takes benefits and traits of all other leadership styles as
according to the situation. This style removes all lacking from leadership style. The only cause of
concern in this leadership style is this that all the decision of traits altering would be dependent
on leader's discretion. So here the actual leadership skill takes most from any manager or an
executive. (University of Wales, library)
Task 6: How would you apply chaos theory and
management by objectives to the given scenario?
The chaos theory from the management point of view states that at certain points of time the
markets undergo certain changes and disturbances which can be related to global economic
slowdown or change in customer changes or recession in the market. It states that the
organization must be capable enough to adapt to the changes as quickly as possible to prevent
losses arising from these situations which are termed as “chaos”.

Vodafone should be prepared and accustomed to respond to the chaos arising in the market at
several point of time and should soon get adapted to the new situation. The company must get
adapted to the situation by changing their objective, goals and strategy or by investing more or
by deploying more staff according to the nature of the chaos that occurred in the market. If
Vodafone experiences certain change in the preference pattern and demand pattern of the
customers then it should accordingly get adapted to it by designing new products according to
the demands of the individual or by modifying the existing product and present to the customer
as a new alternative product in order to remain in the market limelight. By applying this theory,
an organization will benefit by developing an adaptability skill for their employees who will help
them to become more effective and efficient to tackle any given situation with ease without
panicking about the situation. In other organizations it is seen that when a chaos situation arises
the employees tend to get wayward in their nature and they cannot decide what to do next and
therefore the quality of the work gets compromised and therefore it acts as a barrier in the growth
of the organization whereas if an organization adopts chaos theory then the employees will be
self-trained and self-motivated to handle any kind of situations they are in which helps to carry
out the task effectively and achieve sustainable growth.

The role that the management of Vodafone plays according to the theory is that it helps in the
identification of the chaos in the business environment of the organization and provides training
and development accordingly to the employees in order to handle the situations. In order to train
the employees of their organization for various adverse conditions in the market the organization
conducts a market research in order to get a proper idea of the future market trends and the future
market adversities rather than simply forecasting it so that it can train their employees
accordingly to control the adverse situations and to ensure productivity in their tasks and
therefore the management plays a great role in this theory by identifying the future market
adversities and to train their employees according to that so that they do not get de-motivated in
their approach.

Drucker has defined the management by objectives as a model to define the objectives of
management and employees in clear manner so that they can work effectively. The model
emphasizes the distribution of work and responsibility among management and employees.
Management by objectives is effective as it enhances the participation and commitment from
employees to be agreed on the accomplishment of objectives from management. However the
model requires the effective support from the top management. The model and concept also has
the impact of effectiveness of management to distribute and clarify the objectives. The
employees also may require training and skills to understand and contribute in management
objectives (Dias, 2016). Al though, the employee participation helps to achieve the objectives in
innovative manner.
LO3 Demonstrate an appreciation of the role leaders and
managers play in the operations function of an
organization.

Task 7: Demonstrate and explain your understanding

about the following theories:

Six sigma,
The six sigma approach is defined as an approach which is disciplined in nature and data driven
in approach and it acts as a methodology for eliminating defects in any process ranging from
manufacturing to transactional and from products to services across different organization. Upon
the implementation of the six sigma approach in the operational management an organization can
achieve maximum customer satisfaction by minimizing the defects, improve return on sales,
investment, achieve employment growth and stock value growth, improve production processes,
and prevent defects in the manufacturing process

Role of leaders in six sigma approach:

 To invest in six sigma training and resources.

 To communicate the importance of six sigma.
 Driving six sigma projects.
 Recognizing and supporting employee participation

Role of managers in six sigma approach:

 Including Six sigma cost saving in in management goals and reviews.

 Giving review and support to the employee as well as the top management.
 To monitor the implementation of the six sigma approach in the organization
Lean production
Lean manufacturing system is defined as simple and systematic method which helps in the
elimination of wastes within a manufacturing system. The implementation of the lean process in
the production can help in the operational management of an organization by improving the
quality of the product, improving visual management, increases efficiency in the production
processes, reduces the use of manpower, helps in easy management of the entire process, it
involves the entire company, helps in the elimination of problems of the company, helps in the
reduction of space, provides safer work environment and improves the morale of the employees.
Since Vodafone in mobile network supplier it has less to do with lean production but the concept
can be applied to manufacturing companies like Toyota, Ford etc.

Role of leaders in lean production:

 Helps the workers to understand their actual responsibility regarding lean production
 Helps in giving directions to the subordinates to increase production.

Role of managers in lean production:

 Carries out analysis about the effectiveness of products.

 Checks so that no useful materials are eliminated.

Queuing theory.
Queuing theory is defined as the mathematical study of waiting lines in which a model is
constructed so that the queue lengths and the waiting lines can be predicted. The application of
the queuing theory in the operations management will help the organization in solving the
problems which are based on the scientific understanding of the problems and solving them in an
optimal manner and it also help the organization by recommending the arrival of the customers
whose products are to be serviced, setting up of the work stations and recommending the
requirement of manpower.

Role of leaders in Queuing theory:

 To identify delay in queuing lines.

 To identify the cause of the delay in queuing lines.
Role of managers in Queuing theory:

 To supervise the entire process.

Task 8: Demonstrate your understanding about the

following operational management approaches with help
of examples:

1- Total quality management

Managers in Vodafone are liable to control the quality of the work and to deliver the customer
satisfaction. The role of the managers is to manage the performance and improvements in
products and services towards the customers. The managers in Amazon also need to evaluate the
process to simplify the approaches to accomplish the business objectives. Managers need to
make the processes standards to enhance the total quality of the organization operations.
Improvements in work culture to understand the customer demands and market trends are also
the job of managers to support the total quality management in organization. Managers in
Amazon also have the role to optimize the use of resources to match the overall objectives of
quality in services (Bjørnenak and Helgesen, 2013).

2- Just in time inventory.

Vodafone uses the approach of just in time in production departments to reduce the waste and to
enhance the efficiency in inventory management as goods and products are ordered to keep in
inventory on demand. In this manner, inventory for the goods can be used effectively to store the
variety of products. Inventory management cost can be reduced with just in time approach.
Waste is also reduced with proper forecasting of demands and consumptions in operations. The
organization uses the approaches to recycle and reuse the products to reduce the overall waster
from the operations. Products are refurbished to improve the quality and to minimize the waste in
organization (Goetsch and Davis, 2014).
3- Concept of continuous improvement (kaizen)
The managers of Vodafone have developed the strategy known as KAIZEN in which the efforts
of the management and staff are continuous to improve the production activities and here the
participative style of leadership can be applied so that the input of both the workers and
managers in the decision regarding reducing the cost and improve the production. By
understanding the Kaizen approach practitioners can integrate this method in to their overall six
sigma efforts. The principles of Kaizen are based on 5S which are sort, set in order, shine,
standardize and sustain. By implementing the Kaizen process in operations management
Vodafone can encourage the development of the team work, break down departmental barriers
and achieve higher levels of quality and innovation.

Task 9: Demonstrate and explain the following

operational functions:

1- Transformation of raw material into finished goods

The stages of design consist of concept generation, screening, preliminary design, evaluation and
improvement, prototyping and final design (Slack, Chambers & Johnston.2010, p. 117). Concept
generation begin with the information which are brought out by needs of customer and,
suggestions of staff and customers, actions of competitors and market surveys. Vodafone`s m2m
(machine to machine) service is occurred based on needs of people and to advance their
experience. In concept screening project is evaluated by Design criteria and it depends on
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Vulnerability. Feasibility examine that does the company have
enough skills, capacity and financial funds for it. In M2M it is clear that Vodafone could afford
all these steps based on its technological capacity because they use for m2m technology same
technological substructure and sim cards. The system achieve its goals and inform the certain
machines to do necessary action also acceptability criteria is accomplished. System is always
under control by servers to prevent possible errors. It indicates that vulnerability of the system is
considered. The preliminary design of the sim card which are the main thing to transform
information to other machine are produced based on endurance and erase/write cycle of its
memory cells. In addition, data retention varies with `Ambient operating temperature (the higher
the temperature, the shorter the life of the SIM), the used terminal (electrical and heat
characteristics), the application running on the terminal (number of restarts and re-roam actions),
the set-up of the network (requests to re-authenticate), User interaction (removing and replacing
the SIM) ` according to Vodafone developer website (2018). Vodafone has been using track
record in M2M since 20 years and all experts focus on developing of extensive range of M2M
service. In our time Vodafone embedded this system in many industry such Automotive,
Consumer Electronics, Consumer Goods, Energy & Utilities,

Financial services, Health, Manufacturing, Public services, Security, Transport & Logistics.
`Delivering Next-Generation Managed Services via an Agile Business Model` showed as below:

2- Process design
Mass services is being used by Vodafone. Also, volume of customer is very high and variety is
low. It means that there is many customer transaction through limited contact time and little
customization. For that reason, there is well applied division of labor for staff and they follow set
procedures. Layout is the physical expression of process types but layout`s range is limited than
process and related. In addition, one layout types could indicate more than one process (Slack,
Chambers & Johnston.2010, p. 180). Mass services involve product and cell layout. Vodafone
has product layout because transformed resources always flow to devices by fallowing certain
sequences that information called transformed resources. Moreover, call centers service to
customer continuously. Each base station distribute signals certain area also this areas called
cells. Furthermore, each cell has certain capacity for servicing to devices. Like wisely, the
company use cell layout.

3- Capacity management
Capacity management in Vodafone has made some adjustment over time to meet the changes
and demands of market. However the impact of adjustments is seen in some positive as well as
negative prospective as described below:

Positive impact: the cost of inventory management and quality audit has reduced with the
reduced production according to reduced demands in market. In this manner, Amazon has saved
the cost on wastage management also.

Negative impacts: However the sudden increase in requirements has impact the organizational
operations and performance. The sudden increase in demands of products and services of
specific kind has influence the work management and cost on operations. Managerial changes
and leadership impacts are seen in the form of less integration of employees in decision making
process (Bjørnenak and Helgesen, 2013).

4- Logistics and inventory management

Inventory describe the stored material resources which are used and/or will be used by company.

Vodafone is a company which based on more service than products. It means that company is
always under control by control system. For example, if base station or other technical material
fail, then the equipment stocked trucks send required material to necessary place. In addition,
this trucks has always certain amount of material and in wide range of variety. Retailers where
products of Vodafone are sold, the managers control the inventory and inform company through
its inventory program to supply products.
LO4 Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship
between leadership and management in a contemporary
business environment

Task 10: Demonstrate and highlight your understanding

about the relationship of management and leadership in
the context of the following areas.

1- Corporate social responsibility

Corporate Social responsibility is defined as a business approach that contribute to the
sustainable development by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits to all its
stakeholders. The leadership and management in an organization have a great role to play in
context of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Vodafone must adopt short term goals for the organization which should be beneficial for the
company in the long run. Therefore a company needs to make minor adjustments and
compromise from their part in order to practice the Corporate Social Responsibility. The
organization must also ensure that a large part of their CSR policy is dedicated towards the
betterment of the local community where they do their businesses in order to help in the growth
of the individuals of the local community who had suffered due to the activity of the
organizations. The organization must also ensure that the natural resources are used according of
the demand of the situation and therefore the production process must be controlled in order to
not to produce excess products by putting maximum pressure even if it I not needed and the CSR
policy should also ensure that they do not contribute to the increase of pollution level of a
particular place by its activities and rather they should focus on decreasing the pollution levels of
that place.

The CSR policy of Vodafone affects the decision making system of the organization too as the
contents of the CSR policy make the organization to make decision which are ethical in nature
and will be beneficial in the welfare of the stakeholders.
2- Culture and values
Culture is defined as ideas, customs and social behavior of people of a particular place. The
culture of a place affects the business environment in a direct manner as Vodafone identifies the
culture of a place and designs their products according to the culture of that place. Culture also
plays an important role in operations management as during the operation process the culture of
the work force of the people are taken into account and accordingly strategies are devised to
increase the effectiveness of the work force of a particular culture. The culture of a particular
place also plays an important role in the decision making process of the organization as the
decisions are made by the company for a product keeping in view the cultural background of that
particular place by keeping the view the cultural diversity of the place so that the people readily
accepts the culture by perceiving it as a part of their culture. Values are defined as principal or
standards of one’s behavior. In Vodafone, Values are considered as important factor in the
business organization as the products and services of an organization is developed and modified
after analyzing the values of the general customer at a particular place. In the operations
management too values are considered as important parameters to finalize the standards of the
production and also to set the working standards of an organization.

3- Ethics and sustainability

Leadership and organizational culture are considered to be two of the most crucial organizational
elements in order for firms to compete successfully and to gain sustainable advantage. Study
indicate a strong relationship between these two operational factors, while factors’ coordination
(identical cultural type and leadership style) enforces this relationship. Moreover, it is
investigated whether market conditions, such as strength of competition and “operational age and
size,” can determine the extent and the direction of the relationship. Market competition seems to
affect the direction of the relationship, while operational age and size affect the relevant extent.
(Kargas et.al, 2015)
Task 11: Discuss and demonstrate why it is important to
have a healthy relationship with stakeholders and
meeting their expectations.
Stakeholder is the group of associated people which gets affected by the performance of the
business organization. Stakeholders are the people which have interest in the business
organization. The growth and the decline of the organization equally affect the stakeholders. In
Vodafone the internal stakeholders are the employees, managing directors, board of directors etc.
whereas the external stakeholders are the customers, suppliers, and etc. (Halbert and Ingulli,
2011). Companies tries to transform their policies so as to provide maximum benefits to their
stakeholders.

Stakeholders Expectations, from the public sector company are always to welfare the society by
providing appropriate services whereas from the listed companies are, that they earn more and
also share their profits with their stakeholders. People expect the Vodafone to earn good
revenues and also distribute their rewards to stakeholders, the Result of which they have returned
more than £ 10 billion to their shareholders.

Vodafone is passionate about exceeding their customer expectation and also try to fulfill their
increased demands. They also promote an innovative environment by developing new services
and also identify new ways of working (Paul, 2008). They create a passionate environment
towards achieving their goal and also keep an eye on their competitors and focus on providing
better services then them. They try to achieve best outcomes and being an international brand
focus on creating a local environment

Identification of stakeholders and evaluation of their potential to affect the project are key for the
stakeholder management process. Stakeholders with high potential for affecting or collaborating
with the project should be actively involved, while monitoring may be sufficient for those with
low potential.

The benefits from communicating with and managing some stakeholder categories is well
understood. For example, identification and satisfaction of the needs of the users will lead to
more sales of Vodafone’s, while commitment to the well-being of employees has the potential
for improving productivity and work commitment, reducing turnover and absenteeism.
The business environment is complex and changing, and if stakeholders are not carefully
managed they can cause unexpected problems. Stakeholder management may reduce the risk of
poor communication, unfavorable press or negative public reactions. As stakeholder
management involves identification and monitoring of groups affected by the project, risks and
unexpected negative developments can be detected before they become problematic.

Conclusion
The report has been discusses the role of managers and leaders in business along with their
functions to lead the objectives of organization. The operational functions have been discussed
with the leadership styles, quality management and theories to manage the workplace. The report
has been concluded the details about the organization and its approaches to manage the
operational objectives. This report notes that every organization has to undertake the Corporate
Social Responsibility in order to protect the culture, ethics and environment in a sustainable
manner, to become ethical in nature and also consider the impact in wider community thus
grabbing the attention of the customers by doing ethical business practices of Vodafone.
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