Chapter 17: Glucose Testing

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What is polyphagia?

A. Excessive urine production
B. Excessive hunger
C. Excessive thirst
D. Excessive glucose in the bloodstream
____ 2. Which of these best describes the treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Type 1 is treated by lifestyle changes and oral medication, and type 2 is treated
with insulin.
B. Type 1 is treated with insulin injections, and type 2 is treated with oral medications
and lifestyle changes.
C. The treatment for both types requires insulin injections.
D. Both types are treated with lifestyle changes and oral medication.
____ 3. An elevated HbA1c result indicates:
A. Excellent glycemic control over past 3 months
B. Poor glycemic control over the past 3 months
C. An elevated FPG for that morning
D. An elevated random plasma glucose that day
____ 4. Which of these have opposite effects on the body?
A. Glucose and glycogen
B. Glucose and insulin
C. Glucagon and insulin
D. Glucagon and glucose
____ 5. A term used to describe elevated blood sugar is:
A. Polydipsia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Glycogenolysis
____ 6. Etiology refers to:
A. The progression of a disease
B. The cause of a disease
C. The state of high glucose levels in the bloodstream
D. None of the above
____ 7. Diabetes insipidus is:
A. A disease with excessive urination
B. A term used to describe type 2 diabetes
C. A term used to describe insulin-dependent diabetes
D. A term used to describe gestational diabetes
____ 8. IGT is an abbreviation for:
A. Insulin glucose tolerance
B. Immature glucagon tolerance
C. Impaired glucose tolerance
D. Insulin glucagon titer
____ 9. High levels of insulin and glucose in the bloodstream may be evident in:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Impaired fasting glucose
C. Type 1 diabetes
D. Type 2 diabetes
____ 10. A postprandial glucose test is drawn _____________ eating.
A. before
B. after
C. while
D. without
____ 11. Small amounts of albumin present in the urine in which condition?
A. Macroalbuminuria
B. Glucosuria
C. Ketonuria
D. Microalbuminuria

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 12. Quality-control procedures are not recommended for whole blood glucose testing performed in the
home setting.

____ 13. Type 2 diabetes is a complication of type 1 diabetes.

____ 14. Patients diagnosed with prediabetes may already be experiencing some of the adverse effects of
hyperglycemia.

____ 15. Type 1 diabetes has a gradual onset.

____ 16. Gastroparesis may be a complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.

____ 17. Gestational diabetes is more like type 2 diabetes that type 1 diabetes.

____ 18. HbA1c testing is performed quarterly to monitor the glycemic control of diabetic patients.

____ 19. A continuous glucose monitor is often used by patients with gestational diabetes.

____ 20. Type 2 diabetes is seldom managed with lifestyle changes.

Completion
Complete each statement.

21. Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting may be evident with diabetic _____________________.

22. The maintenance of appropriate blood glucose levels throughout each day may be known as
_________________ control.

23. Babies born to mothers with poorly controlled gestational diabetes may suffer from
________________ after birth.

24. A patient who is symptomatic for diabetes may exhibit polyuria, _________________, and
polydipsia.

25. ________________ is required for most of the cells in the body to take in glucose to be used for
energy.

26. With the exception of diabetes insipidus, diabetes is a term used to refer to a group of disorders
that all exhibit __________________.

Short Answer

27. A 66-year-old female patient has a fasting plasma glucose of 121 mg/dL. Is this considered to be a
normal result for this patient?
 28. Why is insulin only administered by injection?
Chapter 17: Glucose Testing
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B
Excessive urine production is polyuria, excessive thirst is polydipsia, and excessive glucose in the
bloodstream is hyperglycemia.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

2. ANS: B
Type 2 diabetes can be successfully treated with appropriate lifestyle changes, weight loss, and oral
medication use. Type 1 diabetes requires injections of insulin because the body is incapable of
producing insulin.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Understanding | Outcome: 17-4

3. ANS: B
HbA1c results provide an assessment of the glycemic control over a long period of time. If the
results are elevated above the reference range, it means that the amount of glucose present in the
bloodstream has been elevated excessively during the past few months, causing irreversible
changes to the hemoglobin molecules within the red blood cells.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-11

4. ANS: C
Glucagon production is increased to counteract the effects of high insulin levels.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-2

5. ANS: C
Polydipsia is excessive thirst, hypoglycemia is low blood sugar, and glycogenolysis is the
conversion of glycogen to glucose.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

6. ANS: B
Etiology is the study of the cause of the disease. This term may be used to describe an external
cause (such as a bacterial infection) or the pathophysiology that causes a certain abnormal
condition in the body.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

7. ANS: A
Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the kidneys are unable to conserve water, and the patient
suffers from excessive thirst and excessive urination.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

8. ANS: C
 Impaired glucose tolerance may also be known as IGT. This is a condition often associated with
prediabetes.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-10

9. ANS: D
Type 2 diabetics may have large amounts of insulin in the bloodstream, but their glucose levels
may also be high. This is because the cells of those with type 2 diabetes have developed insulin
resistance, so the glucose is unable to enter the cells efficiently.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-4

10. ANS: B
Postprandial is used to describe a laboratory sample collected after eating or ingestion of a certain
substance, such as a glucose-rich drink.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-9

11. ANS: D
Macroalbuminuria would be the term used to describe large amounts of albumin in the
bloodstream. Glucosuria and ketonuria both refer to the presence of chemicals in the urine.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

TRUE/FALSE

12. ANS: F
Quality-control procedures are recommended for all types of laboratory testing.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-13

13. ANS: F
The etiology of these two types of diabetes is very different. Patients do not develop type 1
diabetes after a period of time with type 2 diabetes.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Understanding | Outcome: 17-5

14. ANS: T
The body is affected by the presence of high levels of glucose, even if the patient does not yet have
a diagnosis of diabetes.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-4

15. ANS: F
Type 1 diabetes is often characterized by a rapid onset with no warning symptoms. Type 2 diabetes
usually has a gradual onset.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-4

16. ANS: T
Gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying) is a common complication of type 1 diabetes.
 PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-5
17. ANS: T
Gestational diabetes exhibits similar symptoms and laboratory test results to type 2 diabetes.
Patients who have gestational diabetes may be at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later
in life.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-5

18. ANS: T
The HbA1c test provides a quantitative indicator of the glycemic control of diabetic patients over
the past few months, in contrast to a fasting blood sugar or random blood sugar, which provide
details only about the glycemic control on that day.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Understanding | Outcome: 17-11

19. ANS: F
A continuous glucose monitor is utilized by patients with type 1 diabetes.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-13

20. ANS: F
The first recommendation for those newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is to enact positive
lifestyle changes.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Understanding | Outcome: 17-5

COMPLETION

21. ANS:
ketoacidosis
Rationale: These are common symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis, which may be present in type 1
or type 2 diabetes when excessive amounts of fat are broken down as an energy source.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

22. ANS:
glycemic
Rationale: Glycemic control refers to a state of maintenance where the patient does not allow his
or her blood glucose levels to become excessively high or low.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

23. ANS:
hypoglycemia
Rationale: Hypoglycemic babies are often born to mothers with gestational diabetes that is not
well controlled. The mother’s body produces a lot of insulin during the pregnancy in an attempt to
control the high glucose levels in her bloodstream. This insulin affects the baby after birth by
causing his/her blood glucose levels to drop dangerously low.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-6

 24. ANS:
polyphagia
Rationale: Polyphagia and polydipsia (excessive hunger and excessive thirst) are common
symptoms of diabetes.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-4

25. ANS:
Insulin
Rationale: With the exception of some cells in the nervous system, the presence of insulin is
necessary for glucose to enter the cells as an energy source.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Understanding | Outcome: 17-1

26. ANS:
hyperglycemia
Rationale: Patients with diabetes insipidus do not exhibit hyperglycemia. Patients with type 1,
type 2 or gestational diabetes do exhibit hyperglycemia.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Remembering | Outcome: 17-1

SHORT ANSWER

27. ANS:
No, this is not considered to be within the normal reference range for this woman.
Rationale: This result is above the reference range for a fasting plasma glucose.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Applying | Outcome: 17-8

28. ANS:
Insulin is destroyed by stomach acid, so it is ineffective if taken orally.
Rationale: Other medications used to treat gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes may be taken
orally, but insulin must be administered by injection.

PTS: 1 KEY: Blooms: Understanding | Outcome: 17-1