Automation and Power World, April 2011

Substation automation migration

strategies to IEC 61850 using Relion
protection and control
From PAC WORLD , December 2010

 The fact that The US National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST) has
advised the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission that if has identified IEC 61850
as one of five “foundational” sets of
standards for Smart Grid interoperability and
cyber security clearly shows that IEC 61850
is foreseeable in the future of all protection,
automation, and control specialists around
the world.
How to you get from ?
Conventional SA system
Control Center Station HMI

RTU
Interlocking
logic

Hardwired with parallel Copper wires

Relay Relay Relay Relay

X1 X2 X1 X2

Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

Switchgear CT / VT's Switchgear CT / VT's
To This
IEC 61850 station and process communications
Control Center Station HMI

Ethernet communication:
Gateway Elimination of wires
Access to information
Optimized functionality
Station Ethernet Bus

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Controller X1 X2 Controller X1 X2

Process Bus

Intelligent Non Intelligent Non

Switchgear conventional Switchgear conventional
CT/VT CT/VT
Let’s look at some 61850 concepts

 Logical node
 Physical Devices
 Logical nodes
 IEC 61850 Definitions IED - A
 A logical node is the smallest part Function 1 Function 2
of a function that exchanges data
and represents a function within a LN1
LN2 LN3 LN4
physical device LN5

 A logical connection is the

communication link between logical
nodes
 PICOM is a piece of information for LN6 LN7
LN8
communication describing an LN9
information transfer on a given
logical connection with given Function 3 Function 4
communication attributes between
two logical nodes IED - B

 The IEC 61850 logical node, and the

communications of data between
them, are at the core of interoperability
 Physical Devices
 Primary System  Secondary System
Devices Devices
 Circuit breakers  Protection
 Disconnect and
 Reclosers
grounding switches  Annunciators
 Power transformers
 Meters, sensors
 Fault recorders
 Instrument transformers
 Control switches and
 Generators
interfaces
 Etc.
Logical Nodes and Physical Devices
Sensors
SIMG

Control:
SIMG CSWI
VT Protection:
TVTR PTRC CSWI
XSWI
89 XSWI 89 SIMG PTOC CSWI

PDIS

CT TCTR
Secondary
XCBR Technology
52 --
Substation
Primary Technology -- Switchgear Automation
Logical Nodes and Physical Devices

Station/Process Bus

IED Client Connections

Server
LD0:Logical Device PROT:Logical Device
Control
ControlSwitch
Switch CSWI:LN LN
PDIS:L LN
DO DO DO N
DO DO DO

Distance
DistanceProtection
Protection

I/O
Logical Node Names

xxxXCBR1
Logical Node Instance #

Logical Node Name per IEC 61850-7-4

(breaker)

Optional Application Specific Prefix

Basic Principle
Application Variances (retrofit)
Process Level Bay Level

M
GGIO1 XSWI1

TCTR1

A GGIO1 XCBR1

TCTR1
TVTR1

M
GGIO2 XSWI2

GGGIO3 GXSWI3

Merging Unit IED(S)

hardwired
Application Variances (retrofit)
Process Level Bay Level

M
GGIO1 XSWI1

AI
Processing

A BGGIO4 XCBR1

AI
Processing

M
GGIO2 XSWI2

GGGIO3 GXSWI3

Merging Unit IED(S)

hardwired
Basic line protection functions

 Distance protection
 Tripping in distributed systems
 Differential protection
 Autoreclosing
 Disturbance recording
Distance Protection

Substation A Several Distance zones Substation B

PDIS PDIS
PDIS PDIS
PTOC1 PDIS PTOC2 PTOC2 PDIS PTOC1

PSCH1 PSCH2 PSCH2 PSCH1

Communication

PTRC PTRC
Trip conditioning

XCBR Tripping XCBR

Physical distribution examples
IED IED IED IED

PTOC PDIS PTOC PDIS PTOC PDIS

PTRC PTRC PTRC PTRC

“GSE“ “GSE“
Trip Trip
XCBR
IED IED
“Wires“
Trip
XCBR XCBR
Circuit Breaker

Conventional
(a) Process
(b) bus PISA & Prot.
(c) Redundancy
Differential Protection
Substation A Substation B

PDIS PDIS
PDIS
TCTR T PDIS
CTR

M DIF Determines M DIF

differences

PDIS PDIS
PDIS PDIS
PDIF Triggers trip PDIF

PTRC PTRC

XCBR XCBR
Autoreclosure and Control
IED IED IED
“Report” Trip “Control” Service
PTOC RREC IHMI or IHMI
“GSE“ Trip

IED IED IED IED

PTRC CSWI
PTOC RREC CSWI
Trip
Command

(Re-)Close PTRC
XCBR XCBR
“Control” Service
or
“GSE” Close
“Wires“ “Wires“
Trip Open IED
and and
Re-Close Close “GSE“ Trip
XCBR
Circuit Breaker

Conventional
(a) Distributed
(b)
Disturbance Recording
Single Line Logical Device Disturbance Recorder

TCTR
Channel numbers
for example 1 … N
N Instances of RADR RADR for analogue channels

TVTR
1 LN for
RDRE Common features
and Co-ordination
GGIO

Channel numbers
M Instances of RBDR
RBDR for example N+1 … N+M
for binary channels

XCBR

TVTR LLN0
How do these concepts apply to our Relion series
relays ?
Logical Nodes applied to Relay
IED
Server
LD0:Logical Device PROT:Logical Device
CSWI:LN LN
LN LN
DO DO DO DO DO

INSTANCE(SEQ,INT)
FUNCTION

I/O

OUTPUTS
LOGIC

INPUTS
OR
TASKS

LOGICAL
NODES

SETTINGS IEC 61850

PLATFORM
OBJECTS

The Function Block Background Operations

The Function Block

INSTANCE(SEQ,INT)
FUNCTION

OUTPUTS
LOGIC

=
INPUTS
OR
TASKS

LOGICAL
NODES

SETTINGS IEC 61850

PLATFORM
OBJECTS

Background Operations

Discrete Function Block

Function Relay + IEC 61850
(made smart)
Basic Function Block Description

 Function
 Tasks or logic performed
 I/O Connections to other
FBs
 Analog
 Binary
 Data
 Computation resources
 Instance – NTH time used
 Sequence of execution
 Computation Interval
 Background Operations
 Settings
Basic Design Process for IED
21 Application Function Library  Application Function Library
50/51
27
BKR CNTL

DISTURB
 Application Configuration
 Combine discrete
87
GOOSE
59
32
application functions to
67 meet P&C requirements
81
 Down load IED
62BF
 Test configuration
Application  Create ICD
Configuration  Defines the IED capabilities
to the rest of the IEC 61850
substation
 Substation configuration
process
Protection and Control IED

IED
Capabilities
Description File
Application Configuration

APPLICATION CONFIGURATION LOGIC

PHYSICAL OUTPUTS
VIRTUAL 50/51 OR
TRIP VIRTUAL
ANALOG BINARY
PHYSICAL INPUTS

INPUTS OUTPUTS

21
VIRTUAL
BINARY LOGICAL
INPUTS NODE

PHYSICAL INTERFACES
VIRTUAL INTERFACES
BREAKER
CONTROL

I/O
I/OininApplication
Application VIRTUAL VIRTUAL
GOOSE GOOSE
are
areHardware
Hardware INPUTS OUTPUTS
Independent
Independent

IEC 61850 COMMUNICATIONS

 IED & SCD Configuration Descriptions
 Function blocks that are
logical nodes provide data
with ICD file that
IED Logical Nodes describes it to other
PDIS - 21
substation IEDs
PIOC - 50

PTOC - 51
 SCD file defines the
CSWI
substation

IED Capabilities
 ICD and SCD are written
Description File with the defined
Substation Configuration
IED
Language (SCL)
Other Substation IEDs  The SCD file is used by all
substation IEDs and
station HMI with tools to
make appropriate
interfaces
Substation Configuration
Description File
Analog Input Function Block
 Input
 Block (True / False)
 Group and signal names
for signal matrix mapping
 Type (Current / Voltage)
 Output
 AI3P
 Data for measurement
and computations
 AI A, …, N
 Sampled data for DFR
 Logic Names
 V3P, …, VN
Binary Output Function Block

 Inputs:

 Logic signals to be
output to physical
outputs
 Contacts
 LEDs

 Group and signal names

for signal matrix
mapping
Impedance Function Block

 Detect phase and

ground faults on
transmission lines
 Inputs
 Supervision
 Analog data

 Outputs
 Single and three pole
tripping
 Single and three pole
starting

 Logical node
Disturbance Reporting Function Blocks
Disturbance Report
A1RADR RDRE LMBRFLO
TRIP VALUE
FAULT
RECORDER
ANALOG SIGNALS LOCATOR

40/rec

DISTURBANCE
B1RBDR RECORDER

BINARY SIGNALS EVENT RECORDER

150/rec

INDICATIONS (HMI)
96/rec

SEQ. OF EVENTS LIST

96/rec 1000, Continuous
 Generic GOOSE Output Function Blocks
SP07(4634, 100)  SPGGIO
SPGGIO
LOV BLOCK IN  Single point GOOSE
 Binary

DP03(4658, 100)  1/0

DPGGIO  DPGGIO
BKR1-52B OPEN
 Double point control
BKR1-52A CLOSE
GOOSE
BKR1 VALID VALID
 Integer
Mapped to other Network IED
via Substation Configuration
 1/0, 0/1, 0/0, 1/1
Description File
 Valid
 Inputs
 Logic signals to sent to
other station IEDs
 Control Function Blocks
PROCESS BAY STATION

North Bus
 Function blocks (IEC 61850 logical
nodes) for IEDs at process level
M XSWI
 XCBR – circuit breaker
A XCBR
Station HMI
 XSWI – MOD
M
XSWI
Protection IED  Function blocks (IEC 61850 logical
PTOC
nodes) for IEDs at bay level
PDIS
M XSWI  CSWI – switch controller
Control IED  CILO – Interlocking
B XCBR
CSWI
CILO
 PDIS – distance protection
M XSWI
 PTOC – TOC protection
Protection IED
 Many more defined in IEC 61850 to
M XSWI PTOC provide secure substation control
PDIS

C XCBR  Operator places that provide

control through function blocks
M XSWI (logical nodes)
South Bus IEC 61850-8-1  Station HMI
 IED (front panel)
Benefits to This Design Method

 Versatile Applications
 Simplify settings
 Design documentation
 Testing
Relion series relays for your current and future
needs
 61850 Logical Node concept used in Relion
design
 Don’t see need to implement 61850 design
at this time ??
 There for future use without having to
modify relays
 Can implement in stages
 Future Proofing your substation protection
and control design process
QUESTIONS ?