Group# ____

Experiment #5
Classifications of Compounds
(Acids, Bases and Salt)

Objectives:
To test the physical and chemical properties of some common acids, bases and salts.

Background:
A convenient way of determining the acidity and basicity of substance is through pH. It is a
measurement of concentration of hydronium ions (H 3O+) in a solution. If the solution has a greater
hydronium (H3O+) concentration, it will have a lower pH and therefore it is acidic. However, a basic
solution has less hydronium ion concentration with a higher pH value. The pH scale is range of numbers
from 0 to 14. The lower the pH value of a solution, the more acidic is the solution. On the other hand,
the higher the pH value of the solution, the more basic the solution. Substances with pH equal to 7 are
considered to be neutral.

Materials and Apparatuses:

Test Tubes Spot Plate
Test Tube Holder Test Tube Rack

Reagents:
HCl NaC2H3O2
NaOH
H2SO4 Bleaching Solution
HNO3 Calamansi Juice
NH4Cl Carbonated Drinks
MgSO4 Coffee
pH and litmus paper Shampoo
Methyl Orange Vinegar
Phenol Red Urine

Procedures:

Part I. pH and Indicators

1. Prepare 7 clean and dry test tubes.
2. Place 5.0 mL of the solutions to each of the test tubes. Test the reaction of the 7 solution to pH
paper, blue and red litmus paper, methyl orange, and phenol red
3. Observe the color changes in each samples and tabulate the results.

Test the pH of the given samples listed in the table below and classify each samples as acidic, basic or
neutral
Samples pH Acidic, Basic Color Reaction Methyl Methyl Phenol
level or Neutral Red Litmus Blue Litmus Orange Violet Red
HCl
NaOH
NaC2H3O2
H2SO4
HNO3
NH4Cl
MgSO4
Compare your results based on pH and color reactions of different indicators as to acids, bases and salts
given above.

PART II. pH of Some Common Substances

Test the pH of the substances listed in the table below. Classify each substance as acidic, basic or
neutral.

Litmus Paper Acidic, Basic, or

Substances pH level
Red Litmus Blue Litmus Neutral
Bleaching solution
Calamansi Juice
Carbonated Drinks
Coffee
Shampoo
Vinegar
Urine

Generalization: