General Hints / Tips

Emergency Action Recipes…..

Blowout – Barite Plug
To 15 bbls water add 22500 lbs (slightly over 10 tonnes) of barite. Thin to the verge of
settling; displace until top of plug in drillpipe is slightly above top of plug in annulus. Pull out of
plug. Volume of this settled plug is 20 to 25 bbls.
Gunk squeeze
To 20 to 30 bbls of base fluid (must be oil / ester) add 400 ppb pr more of bentonite (or 200
ppb bentonite, 200 ppb cement). Can add LCMs for good measure if you like. Pump pill to
where it is needed; Base fluid goes ahead and behind. Close BOP and pump down drill pipe
and Annulus until squeeze and spacer are displaced from drill pipe. Maintain equal pressure
on drillpipe and annulus.

Formulas and hints

BBLS/FT = (ID2 / 1029.4) x Length in feet

BBLS/M = (ID2 / 313.8) x Length in meters

Displacement of drillpipe = lb/ft x 0.03638 (bbl/100 ft)

Psi/ft = (0.052)(mud weight ppg)

Hydrostatic pressure (psi) = Mud weight (ppg) x 0.052 x Depth (feet)

Metal displacement (bbls/100ft) = Weight of pipe (ppf) x 0.03638

Hole volume (bbls) per 1000 ft = hole diameter squared (approximate)

Annular Velocity (ft/min) = (Pump output bbls/min) x 100 / (Annular volume bbls/100 ft)

Water to add to reduce weight (bbl) = mud volume (bbl) x ((W1-W2)/(W2-8.33)

((1470(W2-W1))/(35-W2))

Annular Velocity ft/min = bbl/min (1029.4/(hole diameter squared – pipe diameter squared))

Be careful adding GELTONE to XP-07. It can take up to 72 hours for it to yield fully. By the
same token, OMC2 and OMC 42 (generally only used in XP-07 if it has been left as a packer
fluid) take more time than expected to work.

Discharge monitoring data

Sanitary waste = 0.1145 m3/man/day or 0.72 bbl/man/day

Deck Drainage = bbls rain water + bbls drill water used (less any used in mud)

BBLS Rain water = rig area in ft2 x inches of rain all divided by (5.61 x 12). Estimate average
rig to be 40000 ft2 so 1” of rain = 595 bbls

General Things

- Organic acids from lignosulphonate and lignite increase Mf alkalinity.

- Use gyp to treat carbonate contamination at high pH.

- Cellulose polymers are rarely susceptible to bacterial degradation.

- Caustic soda can be used to treat out magnesium from make up waters.

General Workover and Completion Procedures

HYMUL (DOWELL Product). Comes in 25 liter cans. Mixing rate is 5%, usually mix 100 bbls
for cleanout (requires 32 cans). Mix HYMUL on top of the pits, as it will foam ferociously if
mixed through a hopper.

If using liquid HEC be sure to take lids off the buckets and stir thoroughly prior to mixing (it
separates in storage).

For sized salt pills ensure fluid is saturated with NaCl. Pump 10 bbls saturated fluid ahead
and 10 bbls behind any sized salt pill.

PERFLOW. 1 sack system of CaCO3 and Polymer (1 sack for 1 barrel) that can be used
instead of sized salt for lost circulation during completion / workover. Additional sized CaCO3
can be added as necessary. Do not use HEC in conjunction with Perflow, for viscocity use XC
Polymer or W-306. HEC will initiate a cross link reaction with the polymers in Perflow. No
need to saturate mix water with salt prior to mixing. To break down prior to flowing well use 21
gallons HCl acid per foot.

BRIDGESAL. Sized salt pill. For 20 bbl pill <500 md permeability use: -
18.8 bbl 10.0 ppg brine (NaCl)
5 gallons defoamer
50 ppb Bridgesal.

For 20 bbl pill 500 to 5000 md permeability or 6, 8, or 12 gauge screens use: - 17.2 bbl 10.0
ppg brine (NaCl)
5 gallons defoamer
60 ppb Bridgesal
50 ppb Plugsal

Mix the defoamer first and add more if needed while mixing.
If using CaCl2 brine with Bridgesal add 2 to 5 ppb pH buffer.
Agitate pills for 30 to 45 minutes prior to pumping.
Plugsal (additional bridging) can be added to bridgesal at 50 to 75 ppb.
Plugsal X (in addition to Plugsal and Bridgesal) can be used at 50 to 75 ppb in cases of
severe lost circulation.

When mixing salt in water: -

Calcium Chloride heats up
Sodium Chloride does not
Potassium Chloride cools down (can be very cold at large concentrations)