Reinforced Concrete Design II

Dr. Nader Okasha

Lecture 4
Direct Design Method
(DDM)

R i Li
i
D fi iti
Definitions

Panel: A panel is part of the slab formed by column centerlines.

centerlines

An edge beam: is bounded by panels from one side.

An interior beam: is bounded by panels from both sides.

Di t ib ti off Moments
Distribution M t
The slab is treated as a series of frames in two directions:
Di t ib ti off Moments
Distribution M t

The slab is treated as a series of frames in two directions:

Di t ib ti off Moments
Distribution M t
The slab is treated as a series of frames in two directions:
Column and Middle Strip:

•Middle strip:
p Design
g stripp bounded byy two column strips.
p
•The width of the beam-slab is bounded laterally by centerlines of
adjacent panels on each side of the beam.

Moment in ((longitudinal)
g ) direction of bending
g considered:

Wl n2
8

Moments in a simply supported beam

Moments in a simply supported beam
with negative end moments
Moment in ((longitudinal)
g ) direction of bending
g considered:

Moments in a fixed-fixed beam Moments in a multi-span beam

Moment in (longitudinal) direction of bending considered:

Moment in (transverse) direction of bending considered:

Determination of the total factored static moment:

Determination of the total factored static moment:

Determination of the total factored static moment:

Longitudinal Distribution of Moments in Slabs

Longitudinal Distribution of Moments in Slabs

 Longitudinal Distribution of Moments in Slabs
E.N. I.N. I.N. I.N. I.N.

P
P. P.

P.: Positive Moment

I.N.: Interior
Negative Moment

E.N: Exterior
Negative

Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the column strips)

Transverse distribution of the longitudinal

g moments to middle
and column strips is a function of .

F all
For ll spans:
E cb I b
1
E cs I s
l 2h 3
Is
12

For exterior spans:

E cbC
t torsional constant
2E cs I s
0.63
0 63x x 3y
C 1
y 3
Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the column strips)

0.63x x 3y
C 1 t i l constant
torsional t t
y 3

The cross section is to be divided into separate rectangular parts and

carrying out the summation given in such away to give the largest value of C,
as shown in the figure.
x is the shorter dimension of the rectangular part of the cross section
and y is the longer dimension of the rectangular part of the cross section.

Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the column strips)

EN
E.N. IN
I.N. IN
I.N. IN
I.N. IN
I.N.
P. P.
Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the column strips)

Only in exterior panels

E.N. I.N. I.N. I.N.

N I.N.
P. P.

Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the column strips)

EN
E.N. IN
I.N. IN
I.N. IN
I.N. IN
I.N.
P. P.
Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the middle strips)

Transverse Distribution of Moments (to the beam)

Design of Beams for Shear

S
L

Design of Beams for Shear

S
L

L
Minimum Reinforcement Requirements

Maximum Spacing of Reinforcement

Smax 2 hs

5 hs
Smax smaller of
45cm
Reinforcement Detailing
Example
Design
D i the
th interior
i t i strip
t i shown
h ffor th
the structural
t t l plan l usingi DDM
DDM. ThThe
column dimensions are all 30cmX30cm. The slab depth is 15 cm, and the
beam depth is 50 cm. Ultimate distributed load over the slab = 15 kN/m2.

6.8 m

6.5 m

6.8 m

6.2 m 6.0 m 6.2 m

Solution
Middle Panels
1- Determine strip size and dimensions:
l1=6.0 m,, l2=6.5 m,, l2‘=6.8 m

The 6.5 side:

l2/2=3.25m 6.8 m
1.9 m
min(l1/4=1.5m, l2/4=1.63m)=1.5 m
3.4 m
1.5 m
The 6.8 side: 1.5 m
’/2 3 4
l2’/2=3.4m 3.25 m

min(l1/4=1.5m, l2’/4=1.7m)=1.5 m 1.75 m

6.5 m

l1=6.0 m
6.0
ln=6 0 – 0.3
0 3 = 5.7
57m
l2=(6.8+6.5)/2 = 6.65 m
6.0 m
Solution
Middle Panels
100 cm
2- Determine :

Ib 521342cm 4 50 cm
15 cm
(650 680) 30 cm
l2 665cm
2
1
Is (665)(15) 3 187031cm 4 6.8 m
12
521342 1
1 2.79
187031
6.5 m

l2 665
1.1083
l1 600
l2 6.8 m
1 2.79(1.1083) 3.09
l1
6.2 m 6.0 m 6.2 m

Solution
Middle Panels
3- Determine the total static moment:

wl 2 l n 2
Mo
8
15 6.65 5.7 2
Mo 405kN .m
8

4- Distribute the total static moment in the longitudinal direction:

4

Mc 0.35M o (0.35)405 141.8kN .m

Ms 0.65
0 65M o (0 65)405 263.3
(0.65)405 263 3kN .m
Solution
Middle Panels
5- Distribute the interior negative moment to the column and middle strips:

l2
1.1083
l1
l2
1 3.09
l1

0.45 0.75
0.45-0.75
0
0.75+ (1 1083 1.0)
(1.1083 1 0) 0.7175
0 1
2.0-1.0
M scs 0.7175
0 7175M s
M scs (0.7175)263.3 188.9kN .m

M sms 263.3 188.9 74.4kN .m

Solution
Middle Panels

6- Distribute the positive moment to the column and middle strips:

l2
1.1083
l1
l2
1 3.09
l1

0.45-0.75
0 45 0 75
0.75+ (1.1083 1.0) 0.7175
2.0-1.0

M ccs 0.7175M c
M ccs (0 7175)141 8 101
(0.7175)141.8 101.7
7 kN .m

M cms 141.8 101.7 40.1kN .m

Solution
Middle Panels
7- Distribute the column strip moment to the slab and the beam:
l2
= 3.09 1.1083
l1
l2
1 3.09
l1

M sb 0.85M scs M cb 0.85M ccs

M sb (0.85)188.9 160kN .m M cb (0.85)101.7 86.5kN .m
M ss 0.15M scs M cs 0.15M ccs
M ss (0.15)188.9 28.4kN .m M cs (0.15)101.7 15.3kN .m

Middle Panels
Results

141.8 263.3

101.7 188.9

86.5 160

15.3 28.4

40.1 74.4
Middle Panels
R l +ve moment
Results

40.1/2
15 3/2
15.3/2

86.5 101.7 141.8

15.3/2

40.1/2

Solution
Middle Panels
8- Check shear capacity of the slab

Beam shear is checked at a distance from the face of the beam:

d = 150 – 20 – 16 /2 = 114 mm
l2
1 3.09 1.0
l1
Based on ACI 13.6.8.1,, the beam is loaded as shown in the figure
g

Vc 0.17 f c ' bw d 0.75 0.17 30 1000 114

Vc 79.6 103 N 79.6kN 1m
0.3
Vu 15 3.2 0.114 1.0
2 3 2m
3.2m
Vu 42.54kN Vc
OK d=11 4cm
d=11.4cm
30cm
6.0m
Solution
Exterior Panels
1- Determine strip size and dimensions:
l1=6.2 m,, l2=6.5 m,, l2‘=6.8 m

The 6.5 side:

l2/2=3.25m 6.8 m
1.85m
min(l1/4=1.55m, l2/4=1.63m)=1.55 m
3.4 m
1.55m

The 6.8 side: 1.55m

’/2 3 4
l2’/2=3.4m 3.25 m
1.7m
min(l1/4=1.55m, l2’/4=1.7m)=1.55 m
6.5 m

l1=6.2 m
6.2
ln=6 2 – 0.3
0 3 = 5.9
59m
l2=(6.8+6.5)/2 = 6.65 m
6.2 m

Solution
Exterior Panels
100 cm
2- Determine :
From interior p
panels calculations
50 cm
Ib 521342cm 4 15 cm
4 30 cm
Is 187031cm
1 2.79
6.8 m

l2 665 1
1.073
l1 620
6.5 m
l2
1 2.79(1.073) 3.0
l1

6.8 m

6.2 m 6.0 m 6.2 m

Solution
Exterior Panels
2- Determine :
3 65 cm
0.63x x y
C 1
y 3
0.63(30) 303 (35) 50 cm
C (1 )( )
35 3 15 cm
0.63(15) 153 (65) 30 cm
(1 )( ) 207394cm 4
65 3

0.63x x 3y 65 cm
C 1
y 3
0.63(30) 303 (50)
C (1 )( ) 50 cm
50 3
0 63(15) 153 (35)
0.63(15) 15 cm
(1 )( ) 308644cm 4 30 cm
35 3

C max(205394,308644) 308644cm 4
E cbC 308644
t 0.825
2E cs I s 2(187031)

Solution
Exterior Panels
3- Determine the total static moment:

wl 2 l n 2
Mo
8
15 6.65 5.9 2
Mo 434kN .m
8

4- Distribute the total static moment in the longitudinal direction:

4

Mc 0.57 M o (0.57)434 247 kN .m

M si 0.7
0 7M o (0 7)434 303.8
(0.7)434 303 8kN .m
M se 0.16M o (0.16)434 69.5kN .m
Solution
Exterior Panels
5- Distribute the interior negative moment to the column and middle strips:

l2
1.073
l1
l2
1 3.0
l1
0.45-0.75
0 75+
0.75+ (1 073 1.0)
(1.073 1 0) 0.728
0 728
2.0-1.0

M scs 0.728
0 728M s
M scs (0.728)303.8 221.3kN .m

M sms 303.8 221.3 82.6kN .m

Solution
Exterior Panels

6- Distribute the positive moment to the column and middle strips:

l2
1.073
l1
l2
1 3.0
l1

0.45-0.75
0 45 0 75
0.75+ (1.073 1.0) 0.728
2.0-1.0

M ccs 0.728M c
M ccs (0.728)247 180.2 kN .m

M cms 247 180.2 67.2kN .m

Solution
Exterior Panels
7- Distribute the exterior negative moment to the column and middle strips:

l2
1.073
l1
l2
1 3.0
l1

l1/l2
t 0.825
t
1 1.0723 2
0 100 100 100
0.825 91
25
2.5 75 72 823
72.823 45
M scs 0.91M s
M scs (0 91)69 5 63.2
(0.91)69.5 63 2kN .m
M sms 69.5 63.2 6.3kN .m

Solution
Exterior Panels
8- Distribute the column strip moment to the slab and the beam:

l2
=3 1.073
l1
l2
1 3.0
l1

t 0.825

M sb 0.85
0 85M scs M cb 0.85M ccs M sb 0.85M scs
M sb (0.85)63.2 M cb (0.85)180.2 M sb (0.85)221.3
53.77 kN .m
53 153.22kN .m
153 188.1kN
k .m
M ss 0.15M scs M cs 0.15M ccs M ss 0.15M scs
M ss (0 15)63 2
(0.15)63.2 M cs (0 15)180 2
(0.15)180.2 M ss (0 15)221 3
(0.15)221.3
9.5kN .m 27 kN .m 33.2kN .m
Exterior Panels

Results

KN m
KN.m

69.5 247 303.8

0.91 0.728 0.728
63.2 180.2 221.3
0.85 0.85 0.85
9.5 27 33.2
Middle strip
Middl ti
6.3 67.2 82.6
moments