SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER:

REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. I1-2 = 0.5 A ac
2. a) Current ratio is inversely proportional to the voltage ratio and turns ratio.
I7-8 = 0.79 A ac

b) The current ratings being exceeded, the windings will overheat.

3. a) winding 1 to 2 = 69.2 V ac
b) winding 5 to 9 = 34.6 V ac
c) winding 7 to 8 = 43.8 V ac
d) winding 5 to 6 = 69.2 V ac

4. Primary winding 1 - 2 draws out of phase exciting current as well as load current so its I2R losses
will be slightly higher than the I2R losses in the secondary winding 5 - 6.

5. a) From Procedure 7. c): when E1 = 10 V ac, I1 = 12 = 0.4 A ac

Current will increase to:
I1 = I2 x E1 / E2
= 0.4 x 120 / 10 = 4.8 A ac

b) From Procedure 2. c): the normal value is 0.5 A ac. The short circuit current is 4.8 A ac or 9.6
times greater than normal.

c) The heat produced in a transformer under these conditions is mainly due to copper losses,
these losses being proportional to the square of the current flowing in the windings. Since the
short-circuit current is 9.6 times greater than the normal current, then:
Pshort-circuit = 9.6² x Pnormal
= 92.2 x Pnormal

AUTOTRANSFORMER:
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. a) IP = VA / EP
= 60 000 / 600 = 100 A
IS = VA / ES
= 60 000 / 120 = 500 A
IS = (EP / ES) x IP
= (600 / 120) x 100 = 500 A

b) A load drawing 500 A ac at 120 V ac equals 60 kVA.

2. a) 720, 480, 120 V.

b) For 120 V ac output:

VA = 120 x 500 = 60 kVA

For 480 V ac output:

VA = 480 x 500 = 240 kVA

For 720 V ac output:

VA = 720 x 500 = 360 kVA

c)For 120 V ac output:

 I120 V winding = 500 A ac, which is the rating of this winding.

(See Question 1 a)).

For 720 V ac output
I720 V winding = 500 A ac
I600 V winding = 600 _ 500 = 100 A ac

(See Figure 4-1a)).

For 480 V ac output
I480 V winding = 500 A ac
I600 V winding = 500 _ 400= 100 A ac

(See Figure 4-1b)).

All winding currents are within ratings.

3. a) Primary = 1 to 2
Secondary = 1 to 4
(connect the 28 V winding 8 to 4 in series with 1 to 2).

Since winding 1 to 2 has the same number of turns as winding 5 to 6, the

required output can be obtained by using winding 5 to 6 instead of winding
1 to 2. This applies to 3. b), c) and d) as well.

b) Primary = 1 to 2
Secondary = 1 to 4
(connect the 208 V winding 3 to 4 in series with 1 to 2).

c) Primary 1 to 2
Secondary 1 to 7
(connect the 104 V winding 3 to 7 in series with 1 to 2).
A 224 V output is also available using windings 1 to 2 to 7 to 4; 5 to 6 to 3
to 7 or 5 to 6 to 7 to 4.

d) Primary = 1 to 2
Secondary = 1 to 8
(connect the 108 V winding 3 to 8 in series with 1 to 2).