Metallogenic Map of Central and Southeastern Europe

Metallogenic map of Central
and Southeastern Europe:

an extract from GIS Central Europe
Intermediary report
BRGM/RP-54703-FR
May, 2008
Keywords: GIS Central Europe, Metallogenic map, Mineral deposits, Mining districts, Europe.
In bibliography, this report should be cited as follows:
Cassard D. with the collaboration of Leistel J.-M., Lips A.L.W. and Stein G. (2008) –
Metallogenic map of Central and Southeastern Europe: An extract from GIS Central Europe.
Intermediary report. BRGM/RP-54703-FR, 173 p., 9 Fig., 4 Tables, 5 Appendices, 1 Map (full-
page plate).
© BRGM, 2008. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior permission of BRGM.
Metallogenic map of Central and Southeastern Europe
Synopsis
I n today's world the management of Europe's mineral resources is a prime issue. The
strong Asiatic demand for raw mineral matter can only intensify with the rapid
development of Chinese domestic consumption where an estimated urban population
of 350 million consumers is increasing annually by another 10 to 30 million. A second
intensification in demand is anticipated with the emergence of the other BRIC
countries, also in full development.
The supply of mineral resources is a major parameter in the growth of European

countries, as it is in the developing countries. In the perspective of sustainable
development, management of this supply requires that socio-economic, geopolitical
and environmental impacts associated with this activity sector are taken into
consideration. Where are Europe's mineral resources located? What are their
relationships to the country rocks (age, nature, specificity)? What dependence for
Europe now and in the future?, what environmental impacts can be expected? What
about the acceptability of their exploitation in the developing countries? So many
questions that can be approached through the 'Metallogenic map of Central and
Southeastern Europe' at 1:2,500,000 scale.
The map shows central and southeastern Europe's major metallic mineral deposits. But
being a metallogenic map, it also includes deposits under development as well as
those where mining has now ceased. The map is one of the 'deliverables' of the BRGM
R&D project 'GIS Central Europe' that was undertaken as part of the ESF (European
Science Foundation) GEODE (Geodynamics and Ore Deposit Evolution) programme,
ABCD (Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinarides) sub programme.
One of the original features of the 'Metallogenic map of Central and Southeastern
Europe' at 1:2,500,000 scale is that it uses a completely new unpublished, and as far
as we are aware unique, geological base of Europe drawn from a synthesis of existing
national maps and a recompilation of certain key areas and then harmonized at a scale
of 1:1,500,000. The deposits are represented by a symbol whose colour indicates the
main substance and whose size indicates the class. The map is accompanied by a
table outlining the main characteristics of the major deposits.
As the map is derived from a GIS (Geographic Information System), frequent

references are made to the thematic ArcGIS format data layers that make up the GIS
and to the associated Access databases. In addition to this version, there is a
'NavigaSIG' (off-line viewer) version of 'GIS Central Europe' on CD-ROM. Finally, the
GIS can also be consulted online at http://giseurope.brgm.fr/.
BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 3

Contents
1. Introduction: Toward a metallogenic and environmental GIS of Central and

Southeastern Europe ...............................................................................................9
2. Geological synthesis of Central and Southeastern Europe

at 1:1,500,000 scale ................................................................................................13
3. Geological domains of Central and Southeastern Europe .................................19
4. Distinctive features of the main tectonic domains within the region ................23
4.1. ALPS ..................................................................................................................23
4.2. DINARIDES .......................................................................................................23
4.3. CARPATHIANS .................................................................................................24
4.4. DOBRUDJA (OR DOBROGEA) ZONE (ROM)..................................................24
4.5. BALKANIDES ....................................................................................................25
4.6. HELLENIDES ....................................................................................................25
4.7. PONTIDES AND NW ANATOLIAN BASEMENT...............................................26
4.8. TAURIDES.........................................................................................................27
5. 'Mineral deposits' layer (http://giseurope.brgm.fr/mineral_dep.htm) ................29
6. 'Mining districts' layer ............................................................................................31
7. Periods of peak mineralization per commodity ...................................................37
7.1. GOLD AND SILVER ..........................................................................................38
7.2. LEAD AND ZINC ...............................................................................................38
7.3. COPPER............................................................................................................38
7.4. IRON AND MANGANESE .................................................................................39
7.5. ALUMINIUM.......................................................................................................39
7.6. URANIUM ..........................................................................................................39

7.7. COAL AND LIGNITE ......................................................................................... 41
7.8. PETROLEUM AND GAS RESOURCES ........................................................... 41
7.9. IN CONCLUSION.............................................................................................. 41
8. References .............................................................................................................. 43
List of Figures
Figure 1 – Area covered by GIS Central Europe between lat. 32° – 52° N and long.
12° – 31° E. ...................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2 – Map legend: a) stratigraphy; b) lithology........................................................................ 15
Figure 3 – Sample of the geological map showing a selection of polygons of Mesozoic
age and Late Cretaceous acidic intrusive rocks. ........................................................... 17
Figure 4 – 'Geological domains' layer (simplified domains) with location of the main
zones cited in the text.. .................................................................................................. 20
Figure 5 – 'Mineral deposits' layer - an overview (extract from the NavigaSIG 'GIS
Central Europe'). ............................................................................................................ 30
Figure 6 – 'Mining districts' layer (extract from the NavigaSIG 'GIS Central Europe'). ................... 31
Figure 7 – 'Mining districts' database (under Microsoft Access®). ................................................. 33
Figure 8 – Stratigraphic distribution of the mineral occurrences (calculation based on
1070 / 3090 mineral occurrences). ................................................................................ 37
Figure 9 – Stratigraphic distribution of mineral occurrences for selected substances:
Au+Ag: 73 occurrences; Pb+Zn: 95 occurrences; Cu: 200 occurrences
(maximum peak at 128 occurrences); Fe+Mn: Fe 97 occurrences (light
gray), Mn 35 occurrences (dark gray); Al: 37 occurrences; U: 32
occurrences; Coal: 174 occurrences (maximum peak is at 119
occurrences)................................................................................................................... 40
List of Tables
Table 1 – List of the 17 countries (and their codes) covered by 'GIS Central Europe'................... 10
Table 2 – 'GIS Central Europe' layers. ........................................................................................... 11
Table 3 – Geological domains. ....................................................................................................... 19
Table 4 – Example of a 'Disctrict identification' sheet (extract from the 'Mining districts'
database)........................................................................................................................ 33
6 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

List of Appendices
Appendix 1 – Maps used for the geological synthesis.....................................................................49

Appendix 2 – Metallogenic lexicon – BRGM © 1999-2008..............................................................55
Appendix 3 – Deposit classes by commodity - BRGM © 1999-2008 .............................................73
Appendix 4 – Deposit description files - top 180+ Central & Southeastern Europe
mineral deposits .........................................................................................................83
Appendix 5 – List of the 135 mining districts with their major characteristics. Ranking
by country.................................................................................................................161

1. Introduction: Toward a metallogenic and

environmental GIS of Central and
Southeastern Europe
GIS Central Europe (Cassard et al., 2006) was designed and launched by BRGM in
2000 as a homogeneous geographic information system for Central and Southeastern
Europe based on original syntheses and compilations. It covers an area of
1.7 million km² and extends for some 1,750 km from the Western Carpathian
Mountains in the northwest to the Gulf of Antalya (southwestern Turkey) in the
southeast (Figure 1).
Figure 1 – Area covered by GIS Central Europe between lat. 32° – 52° N
and long. 12° – 31° E.

Seventeen countries are concerned by this synthesis, which covers the eastern end of
the Alps, the Carpathian – Balkan Arc, the Dinarides – Hellenides Belt, the Rhodopean
Massif and Western Anatolia (Table 1). The boundaries were chosen on the basis of
geological arguments: they follow the Alpine orogenic domain (excluding the Bohemian
Massif, following the boundary of the Carpathian foreland basin in Poland) and
incorporate southeastern Europe as defined in the ESF ABCD-GEODE sub
programme. Western Turkey was included so as to allow continuation of the
information across the Aegean Sea and to leave open a connection to the east.
Table 1 – List of the 17 countries (and their codes) covered by 'GIS Central Europe.'
Country Code Country Code

Albania ALB Montenegro (+ Serbia = Yugoslavia) YUG
Austria AUT Poland POL
Bulgaria BGR Romania ROM
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Serbia (+ Montenegro = Yugoslavia) YUG
Czech Republic CZE Slovakia SVK
Greece GRC Slovenia SVN
Croatia HRV Turkey TUR
Hungary HUN Ukraine UKR
Former Yugoslav Republic of
MKD
Macedonia (FYROM)
'GIS Central Europe' is a tool aimed primarily at the mining and academic sectors. For
the former it can provide an invaluable aid to mineral exploration and mine
development, especially as it takes into consideration the environmental problems
induced by the extractive industry and its downstream activities. For the latter it can
provide an aid for developing new metallogenic models and can contribute to resolving
certain R&D problems such as the relationship(s) between the mineralized belts and
collision zones, subduction zones, thermal anomalies, etc., or the structural controls of
the mineralization, or yet again the spatial and temporal distribution of the
paleohydrothermal systems (Cassard et al., 2004).
'GIS Central Europe' includes the following thematic layers (Table2):

Table 2 – 'GIS Central Europe' layers.
Module Group Layer theme Description

A Digital Chart of the World (DCW)® geographic base, including
Geography
political boundaries, towns, villages, hydrography, infrastructures, etc.
Geography
Geography
Two digital elevation models: one an oceanic (2-minute arc) and the
DEM other a continental (30-second arc) elevation dataset with a structural
analysis of the derived detailed topographic maps
Imagery SPOT 4 VEGETATION® satellite images at 1x1 km
Geological map Present state of geological coverage: location of and information on
coverage existing maps
Synoptic geological map of Central and Southeastern Europe at
Geological synthesis
1:1,500,000 scale
Geology
Simplified geological map of Central and Southeastern Europe at

Geological domains 1:1,500,000 scale with characterization of the morphostructural
domains and main tectonic elements
Volcanism Data on Holocene volcanism
Geochemistry Composition and age of magmatic and volcanic rocks – isotope data
Synthesis of existing data, methods used, critical analyses, reliability,
Geochronology
references, etc.
Heat flow An up-to-date synthesis
Geology & Mining
Bouguer anomaly calculation; isostatic correction and corresponding

Gravimetry residual anomalies; vertical gradient calculation and structural
Geophysics
analysis
Distribution of earthquakes to help better understand and constrain
Seismics
the crustal structures
Moho Depth contour map
3D model of the lithospheric structure (cooperation with Utrecht
3D Tomography
University - see de Boorder et al., 1998)
Geothermal resources Based on inventories at present being compiled for the EU
Information on the 1) location, company, local names, links to other
databases, 2) geology, host rock (+ age), deposit type (+ age), using
Resources
a new metallogenic lexicon (http://gisandes.brgm.fr/ore_depo.htm)

Mineral deposits and including mineralogical (ore, gangue and hydrothermal
alteration), fluid-inclusion and isotopic data of the main ore deposits,
3) economy, exploitation type, production reserves, commodity
resources, 4) bibliography
Delimitation, magmatic and structural controls, potential, information
Mining districts
on mining companies
Detailed administrative boundaries showing environmentally
Land & climate
protected areas such as national parks; land-use (agriculture, forest,

Land-use & land cover
urbanism, industry, mine waste, etc.), mainly determined from
satellite imagery.
Environment
Meteorology & Climate; quality monitoring networks for water, groundwater, air and
Environmental soils; vulnerability to risks and natural hazards (e.g. flooding,
monitoring earthquakes, etc.)
Distribution and characterization of human activities (highlighting
Human settlements
Population
& industry
socio-economic aspects)
Pollution sources (with inventories and characterization) in the
Industrial areas different activity sectors

The GIS uses a Transverse Mercator projection system (datum WGS84, Central
Meridian 21°E, reference latitude 0, scale factor 1, FE 1000000, FN 0). This
configuration was preferred over other projections, such as the Lambert Conform Conic
map projection which, because of the relatively large north to south distance (from
south Poland to Crete) would have created further geometric distortions of the outer
areas of the GIS.

2. Geological synthesis of Central and

Southeastern Europe at 1:1,500,000 scale
'GIS Central Europe' is a vehicle in which BRGM presents its recently completed
1:1.5 million-scale homogeneous geological coverage corresponding to the ABCD
zone (Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinarides) of the ESF-funded GEODE programme.
This represents 17 countries that are totally or partly covered by the geological
synthesis over an area of 1.7 million km² extending over 1700 km from the Western
Carpathian Mountains in the Northwest to the Gulf of Antalya in the southeast.
The coverage was created by digitizing and synthesizing 26 published maps on a

national scale, or representing earlier syntheses on a European scale (see
Appendix 1), after scanning and fitting to the chosen Transverse Mercator projection
and applying a standardized legend based on the age and the lithology of the mapped
units. The source maps for all the countries in the area are published at a scale of
1:500,000 or less, which is sufficient to certify the precision of the synthesis at
1:1,500,000 scale. This 'Geological synthesis' layer is the first homogeneous digital
geological coverage of the whole region (see http://giseurope.brgm.fr/det_geol.htm).
Moreover, now that the misidentified polygons have been corrected and verified, it
allows for optimal integration with other coverages in 'GIS Central Europe' (Mineral
deposits, Geothermal resources, Geophysics, etc.). It also benefits from a cross link
with the other data layers so that, for example, the age information of the Geological
Group can be 'updated' by integrating all published geochronological data points
hosted by the individual polygons of the geological coverage. Overall, this
homogeneous synthesis will provide an ideal basis for pan-ABCD geodynamic
investigations.
The geological coverage being the base layer of the metallogenic section of 'GIS Central
Europe', it was developed in conjunction to the ESF-funded GEODE Programme
(Cassard et al., 2003). After initial compilation and hand digitizing, the synthesis was
improved by acknowledged contributions from Dr. Kamen Popov (University of Mining
and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski", Bulgaria), Dr. Radoslav Nakov (Univ. of Uppsala, Sweden),
Dr. Nigel Cook (Geological Survey of Norway) and Dr. Ioan Seghedi (Institute of
Geodynamics, Romania), whilst Prof. Fritz Ebner (Univ. Leoben, Austria) provided data
from the national Austrian geological and metallogenic GIS.
The greatest problem in producing such a map-based synthesis is to homogenize the

information. This involves properly correlating the different formations, units, groups,
structures, etc., present in the different maps, and discriminating between the different
geological boundaries when discrepancies are observed from one map to another.
Considering that it was not conceivable within the framework of this project to field check
conflicting map information, the choices that were made –albeit always after careful
consideration– can always be questioned. In view of the great number of local/regional

formations within such a large area, the geological synthesis has favoured a
lithostratigraphic approach based on the main lithological assemblages and
chronostratigraphic ages. In addition, considering the metallogenic aim of the GIS and
the fact that most of the mineral deposits and occurrences are of post-Jurassic age, it
was decided to further detail the post-Jurassic stratigraphy and to merge the older
stratigraphies into erathems or eonothems. Moreover, because of the limited number of
possibilities for printing different colours and fill patterns with sufficient contrast, a
maximum of detail was made available for the younger stratigraphic periods.
Consequently, although not in accordance with the International Stratigraphic Chart, the
stratigraphic ages related to the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian have been
grouped as Lower Paleozoic, with the Carboniferous and Permian being grouped as
Upper Palaeozoic. No stratigraphic distinction has been made between lithologies of
Precambrian age. On the other hand, we decided to further detail, where possible, the
Tertiary stratigraphy and to take into account the local Tertiary stage subdivisions
following the nomenclature of F. Horvath and G. Tari (1999) (see also Saftić et al., 2003).
Finally, in view of the adopted strategy and the scale of the synthesis, the
approximately 1,500 formations of the different source maps were grouped into 255
chronolithostratigraphic 'boxes', with each box being described within an original
geological relational database (see later) developed under Access® and including
fields related to:
- formation name;
- original formation name(s) on the source map(s);
- main lithological assemblage;
- occurrence and grade of metamorphism;
- absolute age;
- stratigraphic position;
- etc.
Again, taking into account our lithostratigraphic approach plus the limitation of correctly
discriminating no more than 60 different colours, it was decided to split the map legend
into two distinctive parts:
- the first, based on colours, is specifically dedicated to the chronostratigraphic
groupings used in the map (see Figure 2a) whereby each colour refers to a given
age or age group;
- the second, based on patterns, is specifically dedicated to the main lithological
assemblage of any given polygon (see Figure 2b). Each lithological assemblage
(except for undifferentiated sediments) is represented by a pattern overlay on the
chronostratigraphic colour of the polygon.
Both colour (representing age) and overlay pattern (lithological assemblage) are fields
of the associated 'Geological' database. An example of this approach is that a granites
body of Cretaceous age will be displayed as a green polygon with a pattern of crosses
(Figure 3). This symbology, however, can be modified; an end-user who obtains all the

original files in ArcGIS (or MapInfo) format could choose his own patterns/colours and
carry out his own thematic analysis.
Users of 'GIS Central Europe' on-line (accessed from the website Homepage or directly
from http://sigeurope.brgm.fr/) can also easily access the attribute table behind the
synthesis by:
1. zooming-in on the area of interest on the map and, within that area;
2. clicking on the relevant polygon(s), which will then display information on
lithological assemblage, age, formation name, etc.
Figure 2a – Map legend: stratigraphy.

Figure 2b – Map legend: lithology.

Figure 3 – Sample of the geological map showing a selection of polygons of Mesozoic age
and Late Cretaceous acidic intrusive rocks.
The geological synthesis was prepared at a scale of 1:500,000 to 1:1,000,000 to

ensure adequate precision for the compilation to be used at a scale of
1:1,500,000. Consequently the authors accept no responsibility related to the use
of the synthesis at a more detailed scale.

3. Geological domains of Central

and Southeastern Europe
Development of the homogeneous geological coverage for 'GIS Central Europe' at

1:1,500,000 scale allowed the creation of a 'Geological domains' layer to enhance
querying and provide two different simplified geological backgrounds for visualizing the
other GIS layers (Mineral deposits, Geothermal resources, Geophysics, etc.).
The 'Geological domains' layer groups the 18,576 polygons of the 'Geology' group into
72 detailed geological domains that are in turn grouped into 15 simplified domains
(Table 3 and Figure 4).
Table 3 – Geological domains.
Detailed Domains Simplified Domains

Aegean Basin; Alpine Foreland; Anatolian Basin; Apuseni Basin; Attica-Evvia Basin; Pre-Quaternary basin
Banat Basin; Carpathian Foreland; Carpatho-Balkan Basin; Cretan Basin; Danube Basin;
Dinaride Basin; Drava Trough; Eastern Alps Basin; Gavrovo-Tripolitza Basin; Ionian
Basin; Maritsa Basin; Meso-Hellenic Trench; Outer Carpathian Basin; Pannonian Basin;
Peloponese Basin; Pindos Basin; Sava Trough; Southern Alps Basin; Southern
Carpathian Basin; Strymon Basin; Styrian, Mura, and Zala basins; (Sub) Pelagonian
Basin; Thessalian basins; Thracian Basin; Transylvanian Basin; Vardar-Axios Basin;
Vienna Basin; West Anatolian volcanic province; Western Carpathian Basin; West
Anatolian Basin; West Thracian Basin
Eastern Alps; Southern Alps Alps
Dinarides; Fruska Gora; Mecsek; Papuk Dinarides
Bükk; Eastern Carpathian volcanics; Eastern Carpathians; Outer Carpathians; Southern Carpathians
Carpathians; Transdanubian Central Range; Western Carpathian volcanics; Western
Carpathians
Apuseni Mountains (undiff.); Apuseni volcanics Apuseni Mountains
Moesian Platform Moesian Platform
Carpatho-Balkan Belt Carpatho-Balkan Belt
Gavrovo-Tripolitza Zone; Ionian Zone; Parnassos Zone; Pindos Zone; Pre-Apulian Zone External Hellenides
Vardar-Axios zone Vardar-Axios Zone
(Sub) Pelagonian Zone; Attic-Cycladic Massif; Attic-Cycladic volcanics; Rhodope Zone Internal Hellenides
NW Anatolian
Kazdag Massif; Kozak Massif; NW Anatolian basement; Tavsanli Zone
basement
Izmir-Ankara Zone Izmir-Ankara Zone
Anatolides Anatolides
Menderes Massif Menderes Massif
Lycian Nappes (Taurides) Taurides

Figure 4 – 'Geological domains' layer (simplified domains)with location

of the main zones cited in the text.

The way that we grouped the polygons was as follows:
1. Based on stratigraphic age, query and separate all polygons of Holocene to

Recent age and assign the domain 'Quaternary basins'.
2a. Based on stratigraphic age, query and separate all polygons of Pleistocene age.
2b. Based on lithology, query and separate all remaining polygons of basin lithologies.
2c. Group 2a and 2b and assign the domain 'pre-Quaternary basins'.
3. Select and assign Detailed Domain Names to the remaining polygons, named
definitions being based on existing geological domain names (e.g. individual isopic
zones of the Hellenides), names of the massifs, or geographically attributed
names.
4. Name the overlying 'pre-Quaternary basins' according to the Detailed Domain

Name of the substratum, or existing basin names or geographically attributed
names.
5. Fuse all polygons per individual domain or basin to arrive at 72 individual shapes.
6. Group Detailed Domains to assign Simplified Domains.
7. Fuse all polygons per simplified domain or basin to arrive at 15 individual shapes.

4. Distinctive features of the main tectonic

domains within the region
4.1. ALPS
The Alps domain (see Figure 4), which represents only the eastern end of the Alpine
belt, comprises four zones from south to north:
i) the South Alpine Zone (Dolomites and Carnic Alps), lying to the south of the
'PeriAdriatic (Insubric) fault system'. This is represented by the sedimentary
cover of an 'Adriatic' basement deformed during the Hercynian;
ii) the Austro-Alpine Zone represented by the pre-Hercynian 'Adriatic'
basement and its Permian and Mesozoic cover. This zone, affected by
Alpine deformation, is made up of a complex set of nappes, allochthonous
with respect to the underlying Pennic Zone which marks the Europe-Adriatic
suture. The Austro-Alpine Zone comprises (1) a lower unit of basement and
post-Hercynian cover rocks, (2) a middle unit mainly of basement rock
including relics of deep Hercynian crust (eclogites), and (3) an upper unit
represented mainly at the level of the 'Northern Calcareous Alps' by cover
nappes composed of Permian and Mesozoic sediments;
iii) the Pennic formations, including ophiolites and blueschist facies
metasediments, appearing only locally in this eastern part of the Alps, in the
Rechnitz Window, below the Austro-alpine units;
iv) the northern border of the Alps, marked by a foreland basin with molasse.
4.2. DINARIDES
In contrast to the extensive data available for some domains, such as the Hellenides,
little information is available for the Dinarides (e.g. Tari, 2002; Ilić and Neubauer,
2005). Regionally, the Dinarides can be correlated with the External Hellenides, and it
has been proposed that the amount of shortening in the fold and thrust belts increases
southward. It has been revealed through modelling and seismic profiling that the
development of the southwest vergent Dinarides fold and thrust belt was terminated in
the Oligocene-Miocene, and that further shortening in the Adriatic was accommodated
by the Apennine belt which developed its recent morphology during the Miocene to
Quaternary.

4.3. CARPATHIANS
The Carpathians can be subdivided into the Western Carpathians (CZE, ROM, UKR),
Eastern Carpathians (ROM, UKR) and Southern Carpathians (ROM) (e.g. Horváth et
al., 2005; Neubauer et al., 2005). Their development took place dominantly during the
Miocene, giving rise to the present-day Pannonian Basin (ROM/HUN) and
northwestern Styrian Basin (HUN). In the southeastern corner of the Pannonian Basin
the Apuseni Mountains (ROM) are separated from the Eastern Carpathians by the
Neogene molasse of the Transylvanian Basin (ROM), covering a similar substratum as
the Apuseni and Carpathian allochthons. The Eastern Carpathians are regarded as
forming the main zone of convergence and consist of three units: the Moldavides
(Neogene thrust belt in the most external position with minimal shortening of 200 km),
the Outer Dacides (Cretaceous thrust belt), and the Middle Dacides (semi-
allochthonous crystalline basement), which are also dominant in the Southern
Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains (also the location of the Inner Dacides). Although
the Moldavides were emplaced during the Early to Late Miocene on the European
margin, they are composed of Cretaceous to Neogene flysch nappes (Convolute
flysch, Macla, Audia, Tarcau and Marginal fold nappes) and the more external
Subcarpathian molasse. The Outer Dacides, west of the Moldavides, are composed of
similar, but older (Early to Late Cretaceous) flysch nappes (Cehlau and, possibly,
Baraolt and Virghis nappes) thrust during the Late Cretaceous. The more internal
Middle Dacides (Infra-, Sub- and Bucovinian nappes) were imbricated during the Early
to Late Cretaceous. The substratum of the flysch units is considered to be thinned
continental crust (after Triassic-Jurassic rifting) or oceanic crust. Calc-alkaline
magmatism late in the development of the Neogene thrust belt produced a volcanic arc
on the western side of the orogenic belt with ages gradually becoming younger towards
the southeast. The North Transylvanian Fault (or Bogdan Voda Fault) marks the
transition to the northern Romanian Carpathians (Maramures area; with an wedge
morphology almost perpendicular to the Eastern Carpathians) (Tischler et al., 2007)
and influenced the formation of the Moldavide flysch trough, controlling uplift and
erosion of the southern block since 12 Ma (as in the Rodna Mountains at the transition
from the Maramures area to the Eastern Carpathians) and continuous deposition on
the northern side until about 6 Ma. The substratum of the Pannonian Basin, plus the
origin of the allochthonous basement units in the Dacides, have been described from
various continental fragments (Middle and Inner Dacide fragments; Rhodope and
Apulia blocks; or Dacia, Tisza [or Tisia] and Alcapa) which have a varying and
controversial origin, being dominantly rifted from the East European continent, or
derived from southern paleolatitudes.
A major feature of interest in the development of the Carpathians and the Pannonian
Basin, which is not found with the Dinarides and Hellenides, is the period of relative
tectonic quiescence (allowing basin formation and sedimentation) after the pronounced
Middle to Late Cretaceous compression and before the Miocene compression.
4.4. DOBRUDJA (OR DOBROGEA) ZONE (ROM)
The small block of outcropping basement in eastern Romania, just south of the Danube
delta, is a small thrust belt thinning onto the Scythian Platform to the north. It is

considered to have been emplaced on the platform by a large-scale crustal structure,

which also may underlie the Moesian Platform. The zone is composed of the Macin
Zone (Precambrian to Jurassic stratigraphy with an unconformable Late Cretaceous
cover) and the Consul, Niculitel and Tulcea thin skinned nappes in the external position
(e.g. Saccani et al., 2004).
4.5. BALKANIDES
The Balkanides are located between the northern flank of the Rhodope Zone (e.g.
Marchev et al., 2005) and the Moesian Platform). The northern margin of the Moesian
Platform is characterized by folded Neogene molasse of the Southern Carpathians.
The sequence of the Moesian Platform (over 15 km of sediments) is characterized by a
complete Paleozoic sequence, unconformably overlain by complete Mesozoic and
Cenozoic series. The Srednogorie Zone of the Carpatho-Balkan Belt (BUL), an east-
west trending zone of mineralized, Late Cretaceous mafic and intermediate volcanics
intercalated with sediments (deep-sea sediments and flysch), is located south of the
Moesian Platform (von Quadt et al., 2005). This Srednogorie Zone in the east of the
Balkanides is bounded in the south by the Strandja (or Istranca) Massif (TUR/BUL),
composed of northerly transported allochthons with pre-Mesozoic to Mesozoic
metagranite, gneiss, metaclastics, phyllite/calc schist, overlain by Jurassic siltstone-
sandy limestone (intruded by Derekoy granitoid) topped by pyroclastics. Seismics and
drilling indicate that the Strandja metamorphics also underlie the late-orogenic Thracian
Basin (TUR), filled by Pliocene clastics in the north covering Oligocene deltaic clastics
in the south.
4.6. HELLENIDES
The External Hellenides fold and thrust belt comprises three thrust (or isopic) zones;
the Pre-Apulian Zone (GRC), the Ionian Zone (GRC/ALB) and the Pindos Zone
(GRC/ALB). The age of the carbonate-platform thrusting (based on the stratigraphic
age of the underlying flysch) classically youngs to the external side of the belt, i.e.
westward towards the pre-Apulian Zone. All three zones show semi-continuous
carbonate sedimentation, interrupted by flysch deposition related to the advancing
thrust mass. The flysch sedimentation was initiated in the pre-Apulian, Ionian and
Pindos Zones during the Miocene, Oligocene and Paleocene, respectively. The fact
that some major thrust zones may have been later reactivated in during the tectonic
history is seriously overlooked. A similar tectonic pattern to the Hellenic fold and thrust
belt, but considered as part of the Internal Hellenides, is the Pelagonian Zone
(GRC/MKD). This zone, however, does not include a thrust carbonate platform, but
rather a transported allochthonous series of metamorphic units over Paleocene to
Eocene flysch covering Mesozoic carbonates. Correlation between the autochthonous
sequence of the Pelagonian Zone and the Pindos Zone is handicapped by the
presence of the Meso-Hellenic Trench (GRC), a continental basin whose origin is
controversial and whose geodynamic control (if any) is unknown. The Vardar Zone
(GRC/MKD), separating the allochthonous metamorphic sequence of the Pelagonian
Zone (west) from the metamorphic sequences of the Rhodope Massif (east), has a
disputed significance. Part of its present-day outcrop pattern is accentuated by

Miocene and younger faulting related to the formation of the North Aegean Trough. The
Vardar Zone has been interpreted as the old Tethys suture due to the presence of
fragments of ophiolite sequences and flysch overthrust by the metamorphic units of the
Rhodope Massif. The Rhodope Massif (GRC/BUL) itself is composed of amphibolite-
grade metamorphic rocks with reported pre-amphibolite facies granulite-eclogite
occurrences, and a substantial volume of (Tertiary) granitoid intrusions. Following syn-
or pre-Cretaceous amphibolite-facies metamorphism, exhumation of the sequence was
accommodated by thrusting and erosion (the youngest thrust being Paleocene, on the
basis of stratigraphic evidence from the overthrust carbonate Falakron series) and by
the extensional faulting of the Strymon Valley and Thasos detachment complexes
during the Oligocene and Miocene. The deepest crustal level exposed in the GIS
region is in the Rhodope Massif, although the metamorphic rocks are partly
dismembered by thrusting and normal faulting which may, in part, have placed the
sequence at a high structural level. Together with the metamorphic rocks of the
Rhodope Massif and the southern Menderes Massif (TUR), the metamorphic units
exposed in the Attic Cycladic Massif (GRC) show the highest metamorphic grade,
coinciding with a complex history of exhumation and a extremely thinned present-day
crust (Moho depths of less than 25-20 km). Here, the exhumation of the retrograde
eclogite and blueschist facies rocks began during the Eocene and have was completed
by extensional faulting during the Miocene at which time they were intruded by Middle
to Late Miocene granitoid (see Lips, 1998).
The Hellenides also includes the highly mineralized Oligocene volcano-sedimentary

sequence that developed on the northern margin of the partially exhumed Rhodope
Massif in Bulgaria. Due to being located in Bulgaria, this sequence is generally not
considered in many descriptions of the Hellenides.
4.7. PONTIDES AND NW ANATOLIAN BASEMENT
The Pontides comprise a large tectonic domain, the Sakarya Continent (TUR), and
several smaller domains (Elmas and Yiğitbaş, 2001). The Sakarya Continent, which is
separated from the cover sequence of the Tauride Menderes Massif to the south by the
Izmir Ankara Suture, is composed of non-metamorphic rocks (semi-continuous
Permian-Eocene sequence) overlying the metamorphosed Uludag unit of high-grade
schists and migmatites, and the Yenisehir unit of metaophiolite, epidote blueschist
volcanosediments and rare eclogite. The sedimentary cover shows a strong pre-
Campanian unconformity, and Early Tertiary successions are unconformably overlain
by marine clastics alternating with intermediate calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastics.
Amongst the smaller domains are the Armutlu-Almacik Zone (TUR), a small zone
between the Sakarya Continent in the south (separated by the North Anatolian Fault
Zone), and the Istanbul Zonguldak Zone (TUR) in the north (separated by the Intra-
Pontide Suture, plus a northern branch of North Anatolian Fault Zone). The so-called
Intra-Pontide Suture ophiolites are only present as blocks caught up between the North
Anatolian Fault branches. The Armutlu-Almacik sequence is characterized by a
metamorphosed Paleozoic succession; amphibolite-grade mica schists overlain by
weakly metamorphosed felsic pyroclastics intercalated upwards with arkose overlain by
Ordovician slate. The unconformable cover is characterized by an Upper Cretaceous
volcanogenic flysch succession. Part of the sequence (Iznik metamorphic sequence)

appears to correlate with the Sakarya and Strandja units, while underlying units
correlate with the Istanbul Zonguldak Zone. The Istanbul Zonguldak Zone, whose
structural position is disputed, is composed of a Precambrian (?) high-grade
metamorphic basement overlain by a Lower Paleozoic sedimentary sequence. The unit
may correlate with the Scythian platform of Laurasia.
4.8. TAURIDES
The dominant domain of the Taurides is the Menderes Massif (TUR) comprising a
series of metamorphic schists overlain by high-grade (migmatitic) gneiss and
metagranite that have been exposed by a set of extensional fault systems active during
the Late Eocene and Miocene (Lips et al., 2001). The southern margin of the massif,
characterized by schist and marble overlying the gneiss and granite, was overthrust by
the Lycian Nappes (TUR), involving carbonate sequences, ophiolite blocks and clastic
mélanges and olistostromes as young as Eocene-Oligocene.

5. 'Mineral deposits' layer

(http://giseurope.brgm.fr/mineral_dep.htm)
The 'GIS Central Europe' 'Mineral deposits' database at present contains 3432 records
concerning deposits mined in the past, deposits currently under development or being
mined, and projects under evaluation. The database was created both from synoptic
documents – mining atlases, metallogenic maps, reports and monographs, etc. – and
from information published in the specialized press. Existing digital databases were
also consulted to verify and, in some cases, update a number of items. Wherever
possible, the information has been cross-checked using sources of different origins.
Despite being included in the database, some recent projects cannot be plotted due to
lack of information on their exact location.
The core of the database having been established, it is possible to expand the
database and/or enrich some of its sections with information gathered from scientific
publications (journals, conference proceedings, etc.).
In developing the 'Mineral deposits' database under Microsoft™ Access®, it was necessary
to create new ranked glossaries (in French, English and Spanish) to provide for data
consistency. These include a deposit type glossary (or Metallogenic lexicon; Appendix 2 –
see also http://giseurope.brgm.fr/Metall_Lex.htm) incorporating the very latest
developments of modern metallogeny, as well as a classification of deposits (metals, rocks
and industrial ores) according to size and substance, and updated in the light of recent
discoveries (Appendix 3 – see also http://giseurope.brgm.fr/dep_size.htm). The annotated
deposits are divided by substance into five size-based classes in terms of 'potential' (i.e.
cumulative production + reserves + resources)
This prospective classification method differs from classifications based on annual

production rates, which can be influenced by many economic parameters and thus
'erase' former or abandoned large deposits. The classes are based on a literature
survey of the various types of known deposit for each substance (about 500 deposits
worldwide were taken into account), combined with a thematic search by substance.
An overview of the 'Mineral deposits' layer is given in Figure 5. Short description files of
the class A & B mineral deposits located on the map are presented in Appendix 4.

Figure 5 – 'Mineral deposits' layer - an overview (extract from the NavigaSIG

'GIS Central Europe').

6. 'Mining districts' layer
The 'Mining districts' layer contains 135 mining districts (Appendix 5) that correspond to
polygons of varying size (from several tens to 1000 km²; Figure 6).
Figure 6 – 'Mining districts' layer (extract from the NavigaSIG 'GIS Central Europe').

A mining district covers one or several mining centres, mineral showings and/or
prospects and, more rarely, zones with no known major deposit or showing, but with a
true potential for mineralization. The district name is either that of the geographic
province (e.g. Tokaj Mountains in Hungary) or that of its major deposit(s) (e.g. the
Rzanovo district in Macedonia). Some mining districts are further grouped inside
metallogenic belts denoted either by commonly used geographic or structural names
(e.g. Carpatho–Balkan Metallogenic Province).
The main metallic or polymetallic districts are those containing Cu, Cu-Au, Pb-Zn, or Cr,
which are linked to the Jurassic to Neogene tectono-magmatic evolution of the Tethys and
the Carpathian, Hellenic and Balkan arcs. Significant Fe districts are mostly present in the
northern part of the area, with the Alpine Eisen-Erzberg district and the Dinarides Banija-
Krajina district. Large coal and lignite basins are widespread along the internal and external
parts of the Carpatho-Balkan arcs, as well as in the Tertiary basins. Oil and gas fields are
trapped in the Tertiary basins located in the inner part of the Carpatho-Balkan arcs, and
also in the molassic basins of the Alps and of the Carpathians.
The deposit-type glossary (or Metallogenic lexicon – see above) used in the 'Mineral
deposits' database, which together with the 'Mining districts' database is the backbone
of the 'Mining districts' layer, includes:
- 10 main family types characterizing the most common geological environments and
enabling syntheses at small scales (<1:1,500,000): e.g. C: Ore deposits in an acid
and alkaline plutonic context;
- 58 major deposit types to enable a rapid classification and the construction of small-
scale (>1:1,500,000) predictive maps: e.g. C50: Porphyry and porphyry–related ore
deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn, Ag, (W, Pb, Zn, etc.);
- 202 subtypes defined over the past 20 years and taking into account the latest
metallogenic models for the correct orientation of modern exploration: e.g. C55:
Porphyry wolfram deposit: W.
The 'District identification' sheet includes (Figure 7, Table 4):

- an index comprising the country code and a sequence number;
- the name of the belt and that of the district;
- a list of the deposits, showings and/or prospects contained in the district;
- the main (max. 3) and secondary (max. 4) economic commodities with the geological
reserves (in tonnes) calculated automatically from the deposit data of the district;
- the metallogenic family, metallogenic type(s) and possibly subtype(s);
- the name of the country rock formation with lithological description;
- the structural control of the mineralization;
- the age of the mineralization and country rock;
- the major references;
- open text for comments and descriptions concerning the district.

Figure 7 – 'Mining districts' database (under Microsoft Access®).
Table 4 – Example of a 'Disctrict identification' sheet (extract from the 'Mining districts'
database).
DISTRICT DESCRIPTION
FIELD DESCRIPTION
DISTRICT ID YUG-0007-D
DISTRICT NAME Timoc (Bor) Magmatic Complex district
BELT B-EUR-2: Carpatho - Balkan Metallogenic Province
COUNTRY YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)
MAIN COMMODITY 1 Cu - Copper (metal)

FIELD DESCRIPTION
COMMODITY 1 'POTENTIAL' 15,439,000 t
MAIN COMMODITY 2 Au - Gold (metal)
COMMODITY 2 'POTENTIAL' 633 t
MAIN COMMODITY 3 Ag - Silver (metal)
COMMODITY 3 'POTENTIAL' 3,862 t
COMMODITY 4 Pltd - Platinoids, platinum group (metal)
COMMODITY 4 'POTENTIAL' undiff.
COMMODITY 5 PbZn - Lead + Zinc (metal)
COMMODITY 6 Mo - Molybdenum (metal)
DISTRICT TYPE Ore deposits in an acid and alkaline plutonic context
DISTRICT SUBTYPE Porphyry and porphyry-related ore deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn, Ag, (W,
Pb, Zn, etc.)
UPPER ABSOLUTE AGE OF undiff.

HOST ROCK
LOWER ABSOLUTE AGE OF undiff.

HOST ROCK
UPPER STRATIGRAPHIC undiff.

POSITION/AGE OF HOST
ROCK
LOWER STRATIGRAPHIC undiff.

POSITION/AGE OF HOST

FIELD DESCRIPTION
ROCK
UPPER ABSOLUTE AGE OF 65 Ma

DEPOSIT
LOWER ABSOLUTE AGE OF 96 Ma

DEPOSIT
UPPER STRATIGRAPHIC Upper/Late Cretaceous

POSITION/AGE OF DEPOSIT
LOWER STRATIGRAPHIC Upper/Late Cretaceous

POSITION/AGE OF DEPOSIT
COMMENTS The Cu (Ag-Au) Bor district of northeastern Serbia is part of the

Carpathian-Balkan Arc, the famous metallogenic province that crosses
Central Europe and continues on the other side of the Black Sea
through the Caucasus and Iran, up to western Pakistan.
The major metal 'potential' of the Timoc (or Bor) district, 80 km long
and up to 20 km wide, is estimated at over 15 Mt of copper, 700 t of
gold and 4,500 t of silver. These figures represent the 'sum' of the
metal that has been extracted and that is still in the ground as
resources and reserves.
Two main deposit types co-exist:
- Porphyry-copper type deposits are well represented by Majdanpek

(1,000 Mt @ 0.6% Cu and 0.3 g/t Au), Veliki Krivelj (750 Mt @ 0.4%
Cu) and Borska Reka (600 Mt @ 0.6% Cu). The copper sulphides
(mostly chalcopyrite) are disseminated, and occur as impregnations
and veinlets in granodiorite;
- Epithermal deposits are of the "high sulphidation" type, with the Bor
pyrite-enargite massive sulphides that today are exhausted (about 200
Mt @ 1.5% Cu, 0.8 g/t Au and minor amounts of Pt-Pd).
Genetically, the mineralization is related to volcanic-plutonic processes

of Laramide age (Late Cretaceous to Paleocene; 60 Ma), associated
with strongly hydrothermally altered volcanic and hypo-volcanic rocks
that were intruded by granodiorite stocks and dykes.
Mining of the Bor district started in the early 20th Century. The
cumulative copper, gold and silver production is difficult to establish,
but is estimated at about 6 Mt of copper metal, 300 t of gold, and
about 1,200 t of silver.
Copper production saw a constant progression, from 500 t in 1904 to

FIELD DESCRIPTION
over 50,000 t in the 1950s and close to 150,000 t in the 1980s. The
open-pit and underground mining first concerned the Bor pyrite-
enargite massive sulphide. Production then gradually increased with
mining of the porphyry coppers of Majdanpek in 1959, of Veliki Krivelj
in 1982, and recently those of Cerovo-Cemenacija. In 1998, ore
production was 2 Mt from the underground Jama Bor mine, and over
18 Mt from the Veliki Krivelj, Majdanpek and Cerovo open-pits. Annual
production was around 100,000 t Cu, 4 t Au and 35 t Ag. Since 1998,
the RTB Bor activities have been considerably run down and copper
production today is only 35,000 t/y.
The present reserves of RTB Bor, mineable from the existing mine
infrastructure or that planned in the short term, are evaluated at
slightly over 300 Mt @ 0.4% Cu. Resources are said to be eight to ten
times greater. The grades announced for the deposits still being mined
are low and the future of this district depends upon the evolution of
copper prices.
In addition to the mine sites, industrial installations are located at Bor

(concentrator and smelter), Majdanpeck (concentrator), and Veliki
Krivelj (concentrator).

7. Periods of peak mineralization per commodity
Beside the general information for an occurrence (country, location, status, main
commodity, references), available data are also stored about the stratigraphic age of
the mineralisation and its host rocks, the mineralogy of the mineralisation and its
gangue, as well as the type of associated alteration, the reference deposit type(s) and
the morphology of the ore bodies, and the economic figures recorded per
commodity(ies) and by ore type(s).
For the occurrences with known ages (about a third of the total), it appears that most
are of Cenozoic age (50%) or of Mesozoic age (40%), whilst the rest is of Paleozoic
age and very rarely of older age (Figure 8). The latter mainly concern Fe and/or Mn
occurrences, like the one hosted by the banded iron formation in former Yugoslavia
and Romania, or some industrial rocks and minerals. The Neogene and the
Cretaceous appear to be the two peak periods for mineralization. Obviously, this time
distribution is a direct consequence of the relatively young geodynamic evolution of the
Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride Belt (see also Heinrich and Neubauer, 2002;
Földessy, 2002; Lips, 2002 and Neubauer, 2002).
Number of occurrences
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Quaternary
Neogene (Mio-Pliocene)
Paleogene (Lower Tertiary)
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Trias
Upper Paleozoic
Lower Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic
Figure 8 – Stratigraphic distribution of the mineral occurrences (calculation based on 1070 /

3090 mineral occurrences).

When looking at the deposit types and the commodities concerned (Figure 9), several
points become apparent (Cassard et al, 2004).
7.1. GOLD AND SILVER
The dominant period of Au-Ag mineralization was during the Neogene, with a major
period also occurring during the Cretaceous (e.g. Chelopech in Bulgaria [Bonev et al.,
2002; Moritz et al., 2005], Musariu in Romania [Kouzmanov et al., 2005], Bor district in
Serbia [Monthel et al., 2002]). The Quaternary deposits are of the placer type (none of
economic importance) mostly reported in Bulgaria and NE Greece. The Neogene
deposits are of either the epithermal or the porphyry-related type and are linked to the
Tertiary volcanic and magmatic events; some are of large economic size (e.g. the
Kisladag project in Turkey [Hatch, 2003], the Kremnica district in Slovakia [Lexa, 2005],
Rosia Montana in Romania [e.g. André-Mayer et al., 2001; Vlad and Orlandea, 2004],
and the Skouries project in Greece [Tobey et al., 1998]).
7.2. LEAD AND ZINC
Here again, the maximum period of Pb-Zn mineralization corresponds to the

Cretaceous-Tertiary, with increasing activity from the Cretaceous to the Neogene. This
mineralization is also magmatic related, with some large hydrothermal and replacement
type deposits (Madan [Vassileva et al., 2005], Laki, Madjarovo, and Davidkovo districts
in Bulgaria [Marchev et al., 2005]; Kopaonik and Trepca districts in Serbia [Monthel et
al., 2002] - with the Stari Trg, Belo Brdo, Novo Brdo, Ajvalija deposits; Asarcik in
Turkey [Şaşmaz and Sağiroğlu, 1994]). The fewer older deposits are of a very different
type, like the Triassic sedex deposits of the Brskovo ore field (Brskovo, Zuta Prla) in
Serbia (Jurković, 2007), and the Cambrian volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits
(Baia Borsa) in Romania (Cook et al., 1997).
7.3. COPPER
Copper deposits are relatively abundant and their time distribution differs slightly from
that of the preceding commodities. Here, peak mineralization was during the Jurassic
and Cretaceous, with a decreasing number of occurrences in the Tertiary. These
Jurassic and Cretaceous copper deposits mostly belong to the volcanogenic massive
sulphide (VMS) type and include the ophiolite-hosted VMS of Albania (Jurassic) and
Cyprus (Late Cretaceous). Only a few VMS deposits are known from other countries
(e.g. Kure Asikoy, Murgul Maden and Madenkoy in Turkey [Çagatay and Eastoe, 1995;
Özgür, 1993; Yigit, 2006]). The volcanic and magmatic events through the Late
Cretaceous and Early Tertiary were also responsible for copper mineralization
associated with Au-Ag-Pb-Zn. The typical deposits are of epithermal, porphyry or
skarn-replacement type (e.g. from the Late Cretaceous porphyry and hydrothermal Bor
deposit in Serbia [Herrington et al., 1998; Lescuyer et al., 2004], the Moldova Nouà
deposit in Romania, both with skarn and porphyry types, the porphyry deposit of
Assarel in Bulgaria [Ciobanu et al., 2002; Strashimirov et al., 2002; Tarkian et al.,
2003], to the Eocene epithermal and porphyry deposits of Recsk in Hungary [e.g.
Baksa et al., 1980; Gatter et al., 1999; Janković, 1997]).

7.4. IRON AND MANGANESE
Iron mineralization, mostly linked to sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary rocks, was

widespread during the Mesozoic, and much less so during the Cenozoic: e.g. the
Rudabánya district, in Hungary, related to Ladinian sedimentary rocks, the Jurassic
oolitic iron deposits of Neshkovtsi, Gradetz, Chiflika in Bulgaria, the Cenomanian
Gamzigrad deposit in Serbia, and the combined Fe-Mn deposits of Bosnia Herzegovina
(Omarska, Pliocene; Ljubija, Carboniferous; Vares, Triassic), Bulgaria (Obrochishte,
Oligocene) and Macedonia (Tajmiste, Devonian) (e.g. Walther and Zitzmann, 1977-
1978). The Late Cretaceous period was also favourable for the development of laterite-
related iron mineralization, such as in Albania (Prrenjas), Turkey (Payas), and Serbia
(Stimlje, Topola). Iron mineralization as magnetite skarns is also associated with Late
Cretaceous to Tertiary magmatic events as at Masca Bàisoara in Romania
(Paleocene), Divrigi in Turkey (Paleogene), Kroumovo and Martinovo in Bulgaria (Late
Cretaceous), and Ayazmant and Catak in Turkey (Late Cretaceous).
Manganese mineralization is well developed in several sedimentary basins, such as

the Early Jurassic Úrkút Basin in Hungary (Polgári et al., 2004), and can also be found
associated with jasper levels in Late Cretaceous formations in Bulgaria and Turkey (Li
et al., 1997).
7.5. ALUMINIUM
The Cretaceous is an important period for the formation of bauxite under tropical
conditions. Almost all the bauxite deposits of Hungary (e.g. Halimba, Csabpuszta,
Iharkút, Fenyöfö) formed at this time in karst structures in carbonate rocks. Although
Hungary is the main country for bauxite, several deposits are also found in Bosnia
Herzegovina (Bosanska Krupa, Mostar), Greece (Desfina Distomon, Parnasse Giona)
and Serbia (Grebnik, Bijele Poljane) (e.g. Petrascheck, 1989).
7.6. URANIUM
Uranium mineralized at two very distinct periods. For the first, during the Late
Paleozoic, the uranium enrichment probably stemmed from Variscan granitoids; it is
mostly associated with mesothermal shear-zone systems (the Carboniferous Bukhovo
deposit in Bulgaria; the Late Paleozoic Krásno-Horní Slavkov deposit in the Czech
Republic) or with felsic and alkaline plutonic rocks (the Carboniferous Bukhovo deposit
in Bulgaria). For the second period, during the Cretaceous and Tertiary, the deposits
are hosted mainly by uraniferous sandstones (Eleshnitsa in Bulgaria; Stráz and Hamr
in the Czech Republic; Zirovski Vrh in Slovenia) (Collective, 1984; Norman, 1993).

Au+Ag - Number of occurrences Pb+Zn - Number of occurrences

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Trias
Upper Paleozoic
Lower Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic
Cu - Number of occurrences Fe+Mn - Number of occurrences

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Trias
Upper Paleozoic
Lower Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic
Al - Number of occurrences U - Number of occurrences

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Trias
Upper Paleozoic
Lower Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic
Coal - Number of occurrences

0 10 20 30 40 50
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Trias
Upper Paleozoic
Lower Paleozoic
Neoproterozoic
Mesoproterozoic
Paleoproterozoic
Figure 9 – Stratigraphic distribution of mineral occurrences for selected substances:

Au+Ag: 73 occurrences; Pb+Zn: 95 occurrences; Cu: 200 occurrences (maximum peak at 128
occurrences); Fe+Mn: Fe 97 occurrences (light gray), Mn 35 occurrences (dark gray); Al: 37
occurrences; U: 32 occurrences; Coal: 174 occurrences (maximum peak at 119 occurrences).

7.7. COAL AND LIGNITE
Coal deposits formed during three main periods, with lignite being present mainly
during the most recent one. Thus: Late Carboniferous coal is found in the Central
Bohemian Basin, Late Silesian Basin, Melník Basin, Plzen and Radnice Basin in the
Czech Republic, at Svoge in Bulgaria and at Zonguldak in Turkey; Early Jurassic coal
occurs at Zobák in Hungary; and Tertiary coal is found in many deposits in all the
countries (see Gayer and Pešek, 1997; Whateley and Spears, 1995).
7.8. PETROLEUM AND GAS RESOURCES
H. Vernet (2001) has shown that petroleum and gas resources are found in Neogene
foredeeps and post-orogenic basins, such as the Transylvanian Basin in Romania, the
Pannonian Basin in Croatia, Hungary and Romania, and several molassic basins along
the Carpathian arc in Slovenia, Poland and Romania. The source rocks range from the
Triassic to the Neogene.
7.9. IN CONCLUSION
The genesis of the greater part of precious- and base-metal mineralization in Central
and Southeastern Europe is directly related to the geological evolution of the Tethys
and the development of collision zones during the Alpine orogenic cycle (e.g. Mitchell,
1996; Lips, 2002; Blundell et al., 2005). Volcanogenic massive sulphide occurrences,
which are Cu dominated, were syngenetic with the formation of oceanic crust during
the Jurassic and Late Cretaceous, corresponding to the rifting of Pangea and the
formation of new oceans. Ophiolite-hosted chromite deposits also formed at the same
time, deeper within the mafic-ultramafic complexes of the oceanic crust. Porphyry and
epithermal Au-Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu deposits stemmed from the volcano-plutonic events during
the Late Cretaceous to Pliocene closure stages of the Tethys, i.e. subduction and the
passage to continental collision. Two successive major stages are generally
distinguished, marked by the formation of magmatic belts (Mitchell, 1996); the time
distribution of this magmatic-related mineralization clearly marks these two events, with
the first occurring during the Late Cretaceous to Earliest Paleogene, and the second
during the Neogene.

8. References
André-Mayer A. S., Leroy J.L., Marcoux E., Lerouge C. (2001) – Inclusions fluides et
isotopes du soufre du gisement Cu–Au de Valea Morii (monts Apuseni, Roumanie) : un
télescopage porphyre–épithermal neutre ? C. R. Acad. Sciences - Series IIA - Earth
and Planetary Science, 333, 2, 121-128.
Baksa Cs., Cseh-Németh J., Csillag J., Földessy J., Zelenka T. (1980) – The Recsk
pophyry and skarn copper deposit, Hungary. In: Jankovic, S. & Sillitoe, R.H. (Eds.),
European Copper Deposits. Soc. for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, Spec. Pub.,
1, 73-76.
Blundell D., Arndt N., Cobbold P.R., Heinrich C. (2005) – Processes of tectonism,
magmatism and mineralization: Lessons from Europe. Ore Geology Reviews, 27, 1-4,
333–349.
Bonev I.K., Kerestedjian T., Atanassova R., Andrew C.J. (2002) – Morphogenesis
and composition of native gold in the Chelopech volcanic-hosted Au–Cu epithermal
deposit, Srednogorie zone, Bulgaria. Mineralium Deposita, 37, 614-629.
Çagatay M.N., Eastoe C.J. (1995) – A sulfur isotope study of volcanogenic massive
sulfide deposits of the Eastern Black Sea province, Turkey. Mineralium Deposita, 30,
55–66.
Cassard D., Leistel J.-M., Lips A.L.W., Gateau C., Husson Y. (Coordinators)
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Metallogenic map of Central and South-Eastern Europe
Appendix 1
Maps used for the geological synthesis

Country Map title Scale Year Author(s) Publisher
Instituti i Studimeve dhe i

Harta Gjeologjike e RPS
Albania 1:200,000 1983 Prokektimeve të Gjeologjisë, Instituti
të Shqipërisë
Gjeologjik i Naftës, Tiranë
Geologische
Übersichtskarte der
Austria 1:1,000,000 1964 Beck-Mannagetta P. Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien
Republik Österreich mit
tektonischer Gliederung
Committee of Geology, Department

Geological map of P.R. Cheshitev G. & Kôncev
Bulgaria 1:500,000 1989 of Geophysical Prospecting and
Bulgaria I. (Eds.)
Geological Mapping, Sofia
Yeoloyikos chartis tis Bornovas J. &

Institute of Geology and Mineral
Greece Elladhos = Geological 1:500,000 1983 Rondogianni-
Exploration, Athens
map of Greece, 2nd ed. Tsiambaou Th.
Geological Atlas of Hungary, 1,

Geological map of Ronai A., Mamor G.,
Hungary 1:500,000 1984 Hungarian Geological Institute,
Hungary Nagy E. et al. (compil.)
Budapest
Mapa geologiczna Polski :

bez utworow
czwartorzedowych =
Poland 1:500,000 1977 Swirska I. Institut Geologiczny, Warszawa
Geological map of Poland
: without Quaternary
formations
Poland Geological map of Poland 1:500,000 1986 Celinska B. Institut Geologiczny, Warszawa
Geological map of
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Biely A., Buday T.,
1:1,000,000 1966 Ustredni Ustav Geologicky, Praha
(former) (superficial deposits Dudek A. et al.
omitted)
Geologicka Mapa
Slovenskej Republiky = Vozar J. & Kacer S. Geological Survey of Slovak
Slovak Republic 1:1,000,000 1998
Geological map of Slovak (Eds.) Republic, Bratislava
Republic
Geologicka Mapa
Biely A. (compil.),
Slovenskej Republiky = Geological Survey of Slovak
Slovak Republic 1:500,000 1996 Bezak V., Elecko M.,
Geological map of Slovak Republic, Bratislava
Kaliciak M. et al. (Eds.)
Republic
Fusan O., Kodym O.,

Czechoslovakia Geological map of
1:500,000 1967 Matejka A. & Urbanek Ustredni Ustav Geologicky, Praha
(former) Czechoslovakia
L.
Sandulescu M.,
Republica Socialista Atlas Geologic foaia, 1, Institutul de
Romania 1:1,000,000 1978 Kraütner H., Borcos M.
Romania. Harta geologica Geologie si Geofizica, Bucuresti
et al.

Türkiye jeoloji haritasi = Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel

Turkey 1:2,000,000 1989 Bingöl E.
Geological map of Turkey Müdürlügü, Ankara
Geologicheskaya Karta
SSSR, novaya seriya,
Ukraine Karta dochetvertichnykh 1:1,000,000 1978 Perel'shtejn V.S. et al. Min. Geol. SSSR, Moskva
obrazovanij, M-(35), (36)
Kiev
Geologicheskaya Karta
SSSR, novaya seriya,
Rastochinskaya N.S. et
Ukraine Karta dochetvertichnykh 1:1,000,000 1976 Min. Geol. SSSR, Moskva
al.
obrazovanij, M-(34), (35)
L'vov
SFR Jugoslavija,
Inst. Geol. Mining
Yugoslavia Geoloska Karta = SFR Federal Geological Institute,
1:500,000 1970 Explor. Invest. Nuclear
(former) Yugoslavia , Geological Belgrade
and other Mineral
map
Carte géologique
internationale de l'Europe
et des régions
Bundesanstalt für
Méditerranéennes = Toloczyki M., Trurnit P.
Europe 1:1,500,000 1995 Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe;
International geological & Voges A.
UNESCO, Hannover, Paris
map of Europe and the
Mediterranean region,
sheet E6, Ankara, 3rd ed.
Carte géologique
et des régions
Méditerranéennes = Bundesanstalt für
Toloczyki M. & Voves
Europe International geological 1:1,500,000 1983 Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe;
A.
map of Europe and the UNESCO, Hannover, Paris
sheet E5, Bucuresti, 2nd
ed.
Carte géologique
et des régions
Bundesanstalt für
Méditerranéennes = Toloczyki M., Trurnit P.,
Europe 1:1,500,000 1997 Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe;
International geological Gjata K. et al.
map of Europe and the
sheet D6, Athenai, 3rd ed.
Carte géologique
internationale de l'Europe Ciric B., Beck-
Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung;
Europe = International geological 1:1,500,000 1969 Mannagetta P., Frasi G.
map of Europe, sheet D5, et al.
Budapest, 3rd ed.
Carte géologique
internationale de l'Europe Beck-Mannagetta P.,
Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung;
Europe = International geological 1:1,500,000 1972 Frasl G., Lemoine M. et
map of Europe, sheet C5, al.
Bern, 3rd ed.

Carte géologique
Cepek A.G., Köbel H., Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung;
Europe = International geological 1:1,500,000 1972
Lorenz W. et al. UNESCO, Hannover, Paris
map of Europe, sheet C4,
Berlin, 3rd ed.
Carte géologique
Rühle E., Teisseyre H., Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung;
Wdowiarz S. et al. UNESCO, Hannover, Paris
map of Europe, sheet D4,
Warszawa, 3rd ed.
Carte géologique
Muzlev S.A., Kolosova Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung;
L.P. & Novitskaja K.D. UNESCO, Hannover, Paris
map of Europe, sheet E4,
Kijev, 2nd ed.
Europe Tectonic map of the

Carpathian-Balkan Geologicky ustav Dionysa Stura :
1:1,000,000 1973 Mahel M.
(Carpathians - mountain system and UNESCO, Bratislava, Paris
Balkans) adjacent areas
Europe Laboratory for Geochemical

Map of metamorphites of
Szadeczky-Kardoss E. Research of the Hungarian Academy
the Carpatho-Balkan- 1:1 000 000 1976
(Carpatians - (Ed.) of Sciences and the Central Office of
Dinarides area
Balkans) Budapest

Appendix 2
Metallogenic lexicon – BRGM © 1999-2008

ID FROM TYPE OF DEPOSIT
A Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
A10 A Syn- to late-orogenic, fault-related ore deposits: Au, Zn, As, Sb, Cu, Ni, Co
A11 A10 Ductile shear-zone related "mesothermal" gold deposits (amphibolite to granulite facies): Au (As, Cu, Ag, W)
A12 A10 Brittle-ductile shear-zone related "mesothermal" gold deposits (greenschist facies): Au (Ag, W, As, Sb, Cu, Ni,
Co, Bi, Te)
BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

A13 A10 Brittle-fault related ore deposits (very low grade metamorphic facies): Au and/or Sb (Cu, As, Bi, Te, W, B, F,
Sb, Hg, Ag)
A14 A10 Fold related Au-quartz-carbonate veins: Au and/or Sb (As, W, Ag)
A15 A10 BIF-related gold veins (epigenetic sulphidation): Au, Ag, As, (Fe)
A16 A10 Brittle-fault related vein and silicified breccia ore deposits: Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu ("BPGC") and/or F, Ba
A17 A10 Shear-zone related mesothermal uranium deposits: U, (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Se)
A18 A10 Shear-zone related emerald deposits in basic-ultrabasic rocks or black shales (Muzo): emerald, (P, REE, F)
A20 A Atypical syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
A30 A Unspecified syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
57
58
B Ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks
B10 B Fault-related ore deposits in a magmatic context: Cu, As-Co-Cu-Ni-Ag-Bi
B11 B10 Fault-related Cu veins hosted by basic intrusions (Churchill): Cu, (Ag)
B12 B10 Five-element associated (or Co arsenide polymetallic) veins: As, Co, Cu, Ni, Ag, Bi, U (Sb, Hg, Se, F, Ba)
B20 B Ore deposits hosted by basic-ultrabasic magmatic complexes: PGE, Cr, Ni, Cu, Au
B21 B20 Sulphide deposits hosted by ultrabasic rocks: PGE, Ni, Cu, (Co)
B22 B20 PGE ("reef-type") deposits hosted by basic-ultrabasic complexes: PGE, Cr, (Au)
B23 B20 Ore deposits in layered ring complexes (Ural and Alaskan sub-types): PGE, Cr
B24 B20 Chromitite deposits in layered basic-ultrabasic complexes: Cr
B30 B Ore deposits hosted by basic intrusions: Fe, Ti, V, Ni-Cu (Au, Co)
B31 B30 Astrobleme-related sulphide deposits associated with basic sill-like intrusions (Sudbury): Ni, Cu, (PGE, Co,
Au)
B32 B30 Sulphide deposits hosted by basic (tholeiite and troctolite) intrusions: Ni-Cu, (Co, PGE)
B33 B30 Anorthosite-hosted ilmenite and hematite-ilmenite deposits: Ti, Fe, V, (Cr, Mn, Ni)
B34 B30 Gabbro-norite hosted deposits of disseminated-titano-magnetite: Fe, Ti, (V, P)

B40 B Ore deposits hosted by basic-ultrabasic lavas: Cu-Ni-PGE (Co, Ti)
B41 B40 Sulphide deposits in basic dykes and sills associated with flood basalts (Norils'k): Cu-Ni-PGE, (Co, Ti)
B42 B40 Komatiite-hosted ore deposits (Kambalda): Cu-Ni, (PGE)
B43 B40 Basalt-related copper deposits (Michigan): Cu, (Ag, Zn, Cd)
B50 B Ophiolite-hosted ore deposits: Cr, (PGE)
B51 B50 Podiform chromite deposits: Cr
B52 B50 Ophiolite-hosted PGE-rich deposits: PGE, Cr

B60 B Diamondiferous kimberlites and lamproites: diamond
B61 B60 Diamondiferous kimberlites (pipes and dykes): diamond
B62 B60 Diamondiferous lamproites: diamond
B70 B Ore deposits of basic to ultrabasic affinity: Hg, Sb, As, (Co, Ni, Au, Ag, Cu, Zn)
B71 B70 Cinnabar deposits hosted by sediments injected by basic diatremes (Almaden): Hg, (As, Sb)
B72 B70 Cinnabar-silica-carbonate deposits hosted by serpentinized intrusions (New Almaden): Hg, (Sb, Cu, Zn)
B73 B70 Ore veins hosted by basic and ultrabasic rocks: As, Sb
B74 B70 Ore veins and bodies hosted by ultrabasic rocks: Co, Ni, As, (Au, Ag)
59
60
B75 B70 Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by basic and ultrabasic rocks
B76 B70 Listwaenites (associated with ductile to brittle-ductile faults): Au, (Cr)
B80 B70 Hydrothermal and atypical PGE deposits: PGE, Au, Cu
B81 B70 PGE-bearing hydrothermal veins and breccias, and remobilization deposits: PGE, Au, Cu, (Ni, As, Bi, Te)
B82 B70 Ophiolite-hosted hydrothermal PGE deposits: PGE
B90 B Unspecified ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks
C Ore deposits in an acid and alkaline plutonic context

C10 C Carbonatite-hosted ore deposits: REE, Nb,Ti, Zr, U, Th, (P, F, Cu, Ba, Sr, etc)
C11 C10 Nepheline-carbonatite hosted Nb deposits: Nb, (P, REE, Ba, Sr, etc)
C12 C10 Nepheline-carbonatite hosted REE deposits: REE
C13 C10 Carbonatite-hosted Cu-U-apatite deposits: Cu, U, apatite, (REE, Au, Ag, Ni, PGE, Se, vermiculite)
C14 C10 Carbonatite-hosted apatite deposit: P
C15 C10 Calcitic carbonatite hosted fluorite deposits: F
C20 C Ore deposits related to alkaline to peralkaline intrusive complexes: Nb-Ta, REE, Zr, Y, Ce, U, Au, Cu, F

C21 C20 Rare-metal and uranium deposits related to peralkaline complexes: Nb, Ta Zr, Y, Ce, REE, (Be, U, Th, Ga)
C22 C20 Intrusive alaskite hosted deposits of disseminated uranium in highly migmatized complexes: U
C23 C20 Uranium deposits related to alkali-silicate "metasomatites" (albitites, etc): U
C24 C20 Diatreme- or breccia-hosted iron-oxide-rich deposits: U-REE, Au, Cu, F
C30 C Iron ore (magnetite and/or hematite) deposits in an anorogenic volcano-plutonic context: Fe-P, Cu-U-
Au
C31 C30 Magnetite-apatite (tabular bodies, pipes, dykes) deposits (Kiruna): Fe, P
C32 C30 Polymetallic breccia-fill deposits (Olympic Dam): Cu, U, Au, (Co, Ag, REE, F, Ba, P)

C40 C Granitoid controlled ore deposits: Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, W, Sb, gemstones
C41 C40 Mesothermal Au-sulphide rich intra- and peri-intrusive quartz veins: Au, Cu, (Mo, Bi, Ag, Pb, Zn)
C42 C40 Polymetallic peribatholithic veins: Pb-Zn-Cu, (Ag, Ge, U)
C43 C40 Granitic and perigranitic veins and stockworks (greisen): Sn-W, (Cu, Bi, Sb, base metals)
C44 C40 Uraniferous peri- or intragranitic (leucogranite) veins: U, (F, Ba, base metals, Fe)
C50 C Porphyry and porphyry-related ore deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn, Ag, (W, Pb, Zn, etc)
C51 C50 Porphyry copper deposits: Cu, (Mo, Se, Au, Ag)
C52 C50 Porphyry Cu-Au deposits: Cu, Au, (Ag, Bi, Te)
61
62
C53 C50 Porphyry Cu-Mo and Mo deposits: Cu, Mo, (W, U, Re)
C54 C50 Porphyry Sn deposits (stock or dome-related): Sn +/- Ag
C55 C50 Porphyry wolfram deposits: W
C56 C50 Breccia-pipe deposits: Cu-Mo-(Au) and/or Au, (Mo, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn)
C57 C50 Volcano-plutonic veins ("Andean"): W +/- Sn or W+/- polymetallic (Sb, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, F, Hg)
C60 C Pegmatites: Sn, Nb-Ta, Li-Be, gemstones, cryolite, mica, etc.
C61 C60 Zoned granitic pegmatites: Sn, Nb-Ta, Be-Li, U, mica, kaolin, (Rb, Cs, Sc)
C62 C60 Granitic and syenitic pegmatites: U, U-Th
C63 C60 Cryolite deposits
C64 C60 Gem-bearing pegmatites: Gemstones (beryl, sapphire, topaz, tourmaline, etc.)
C70 C Replacement deposits (skarns, mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Mo, Sn, Fe
C71 C70 Au-Cu skarns: Au, Cu, (Ag, As, Bi, Te)
C72 C70 Cu skarns: Cu, (Au)
C73 C70 Pb-Zn-Ag skarns and mantos: Pb, Zn, Ag, (Au)

C74 C70 Sn - base-metal skarns and mantos: Sn, polymetallic
C75 C70 W (scheelite) - Mo skarns: W, (Mo)
C76 C70 Fe (magnetite) skarns: Fe, (Co)
C80 C Industrial rocks and minerals related to plutonic rocks: ornamental stone, feldspar, nepheline, etc.
C90 C Atypical or unspecified ore deposits associated with acid and alkaline plutonic rocks
D Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow intrusions
D10 D High-sulphidation (acid-sulphate) epithermal deposits: Au, Cu, (Hg, As, S)
D11 D10 Stratabound high-sulphidation epithermal replacement silica deposits: Au, (Hg, Cu)

D12 D10 High-sulphidation epithermal massive-enargite (gold) sulphide deposits: Cu, (As, Au)
D20 D Low-sulphidation (adularia-sericite) epithermal deposits: Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, (Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
D21 D20 Low-sulphidation epi- to mesothermal Ag – polymetallic veins: Pb, Zn, Ag, Mn, Cu, (As, Sb)
D22 D20 Fault and shear-zone controlled low-sulphidation epithermal veins: Au, Ag, (Mn)
D23 D20 Volcanic-dome related low-sulphidation epithermal deposits: Au, Ag
D24 D20 Vein and disseminated Sb deposits: Sb, Hg, As, (Au, Tl..)
D30 D Sediment-hosted ore deposits related to shallow intrusions: Au, Ag, Hg, Sb, As
D31 D30 Sediment-hosted vein and disseminated replacement deposits (Carlin): Au, Ag, (As, Sb, Hg)
63
64
D32 D30 Jasperoid-hosted stratabound low-sulphidation epithermal veins: Hg, Sb
D40 D Ore deposits associated with acid volcanic rocks: Sn, U, (W, Mo, Be, F, Li, As, Sb, Pb, Zn, Bi)
D41 D40 Rhyolite lava-dome hosted Sn vein and disseminated deposits (Mexican): Sn, (W, Mo, Be, F, Li, topaz, As, Sb,
Pb, Zn, Bi)
D42 D40 Uraniferous vein, breccia and stratabound-disseminated deposits: U, (Mo, Cu, Se, F, Th, REE, Pb, Zn)
D50 D Shallow and surficial deposits: energy resources, precious and base metals, industrial rocks and
minerals, etc.
D51 D50 High-sulphidation solfatara: S, pyrite

D52 D50 Low-sulphidation epithermal hot-spring sinter: Au, (Hg, Sb, As, Tl)
D53 D50 Geothermal energy (geothermal system): energy resource, (B)
D54 D50 Thermal springs: energy resource
D55 D50 Travertine-related deposits: Mn, (W)
D56 D50 Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits: bentonite, diatomite, kaolinite, pumice, opal, chalcedony,
zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, etc
D60 D Atypical high- or low-sulphidation ore deposits
D70 D Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow intrusions

E Volcanogenic, volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore deposits
E10 E Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits: Cu, Pb, Zn +/- Au-Ag, (Sn, S, As, Cd, Bi, etc)
E11 E10 Archean-Proterozoic type VMS Cu-Zn deposits (Noranda): Cu, Zn, (Au)
E12 E10 Deposits of volcanogenic massive and disseminated Cu-Au sulphides: Cu, Au, (Zn, Co, Mo, Bi)
E13 E10 Ophiolitic VMS Cu-Zn +/- Co deposits (Cyprus-Oman, Outokumpu): Cu, Zn, Co, (Au, Ag, Sn, Cd)
E14 E10 Besshi-type deposits (Kieslager): Zn, Cu, (Co, Ag, Ni, Cr, Au)
E15 E10 Phanerozoic-type VMS Zn-Pb-Cu deposits (Kuroko): Zn, Pb, Cu, (Au, Ag, Sn, Sb, Bi)
E16 E10 Phanerozoic-type VMS Au-rich Zn-Pb-(Cu) deposits: Zn, Pb, Au, Ag, (Cu, As, Sb, Ba)

E20 E Sedimentary-exhalative to volcano-sedimentary sulphide and silicate deposits: Pb-Zn-Ag, Ni-PGE, Au-
B
E21 E20 Sedimentary-exhalative massive sulphide deposits (Sedex): Pb, Zn, (Ag, Ba)
E22 E20 Sheet-like enriched pyrite layers (phosphatic marine black shales-hosted): Ni-PGE- (Zn +/-Mo), (P, V, U, Ba,
Se, As)
E23 E20 Stratabound tourmalinites: Au, B, (Co, As, Zn)
E30 E Sedimentary-exhalative to volcano-sedimentary Mn or Ba deposits: Mn, Ba
E31 E30 Volcano-sediment hosted Mn and "silicified umber" (jasper and chert) deposits: Mn, (Ba, tr. Zn, Cu, Pb)
E32 E30 Bedded barite deposits: Ba
65
66
E40 E Recent sea-floor hydrothermal and primary oxidation deposits: Cu, Au, Zn (Mn, Fe, Pb, As, Sb, Ni, etc.)
E41 E40 Ochre (submarine oxidation) deposits: Cu, Au
E42 E40 Black smoker and seamount deposits: Zn, Cu, Au, etc.
E43 E40 Recent metalliferous brines: Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, (Au, Ag, As, Sb, Ni, Ba)
E50 E Atypical volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore deposits: metamorphosed VMS or

Sedex deposits, etc
E60 E Unspecified volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative deposits
F Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks

F10 F Modified paleoplacers: U, Au, diamond
F11 F10 Modified paleoplacers (quartz-pebble conglomerate): Au, U, (pyrite)
F12 F10 Gold-hematite paleoplacers: Au, (hematite)
F13 F10 Diamond paleoplacers: diamond
F20 F Red Bed (sandstone) hosted base-metal deposits: Cu, Pb-Zn-Ag, F-Ba
F21 F20 Red Bed hosted copper deposits: Cu, (Ag)
F22 F20 Red Bed hosted lead deposits: Pb, Ag, Zn

F23 F20 Sandstone +/- dolomite hosted stratabound ore deposits: F, Ba, (Pb, Zn)
F30 F Black-shale hosted ore deposits: Cu-Co-PGE, V, W, REE
F31 F30 Kupferschiefer (or Cu shale) deposits: Cu, Co, (PGE, Ag, Au, U, etc.)
F32 F30 Vanadiferous deposits hosted by gypsum-bearing shale with bituminous intervals: V
F34 F30 Monazite-rich black shale: REE
F40 F Carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits: Pb-Zn-Ag, Ba, F
F41 F40 Carbonate-hosted stratabound and vein Pb-Zn deposits (Mississippi Valley type [MVT]): Pb, Zn, Ag, (Ba, F,

Cd, U)
F42 F40 Carbonate-hosted stratabound and vein Ba or F deposits (MVT): Ba, F, (Pb, Zn)
F43 F40 Polymetallic deposits associated with diapirs: Pb, Zn, Ba, (Sr, S, etc.)
F44 F40 Dolomite-hosted replacement breccia-pipe deposits (Kipushi): Cu, Pb, Zn, (Ag, Co, Ge, Ga, Mo, W, Sn, Bi, U,
V)
F50 F Sedimentary Fe and Mn deposits: Fe, Mn
F51 F50 Oolitic iron-ore deposits (Clinton, Minette): Fe
F52 F50 Banded iron formations (BIF "Superior Fe"): Fe
F53 F50 Banded iron formations with associated volcanics (BIF "Algoma"): Fe, (Mn)
67
68
F54 F50 Sedimentary manganese deposits
F55 F50 Recent sea-floor polymetallic nodule deposits: Mn, (Co, Ni, etc)
F60 F Sedimentary uranium deposits: U, (V, Mo, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As)
F61 F60 Unconformity-related uranium deposits: U, (V, Mo, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As)
F62 F60 Uraniferous sandstones (roll-type, tabular and basal channel): U, (V, Cu)
F63 F60 Uraniferous black shales: U, (Mo, V, Cu)
F64 F60 Uraniferous phosphorites: U, P

F65 F60 Uraniferous coal and lignite deposits: U
F66 F60 Other uraniferous sedimentary deposits (bone beds, limestone, dolomite): U
F67 F60 Uraniferous collapse breccia pipes: U
F70 F Fossil fuel deposits: C, hydrocarbons, (U, S)
F71 F70 Coal deposits
F72 F70 Lignite deposits
F73 F70 Peat deposits

F74 F70 Oil deposits: oil, (S)
F75 F70 Oil shales, bituminous sandstones and limestones: oil, (S)
F76 F70 Gas deposits: gas, (S)
F80 F Sedimentary phosphate deposits: P, (U)
F81 F80 Phosphorites (or sedimentary phosphates): P, (U)
F90 F Evaporite- and brine-related deposits: K, Na, Mg, Li, B, Br, Cl, I, industrial rocks and minerals
F91 F90 Salts and gypsum deposits: Na, K, Mg, Ca, (Sr, Li, Cl, Br, I, etc.)
F92 F90 Lacustrine deposits (sebkha, salar, alkaline lake): Li, B, (Na, Mg, Ca, nitrate, sulphate, etc.)

F93 F90 Evaporite-related industrial rocks and minerals: Attapulgite, gypsum, anhydrite, magnesite, sulphur
G Industrial rocks and minerals related to sedimentary or metamorphic rocks
G10 G Sediment-related industrial rocks and minerals: clays, limestone, dolomite, calcite, silica sand,
quartzite, etc.
G20 G Slate, marble and ornamental-stone deposits
G30 G Industrial rocks and minerals related to metamorphic rocks: andalusite group, wollastonite, graphite,
etc.
H Supergene ore deposits
H10 H Modern placers, deposits associated with tillites, etc.: Au, Pt, Sn,Ti, REE, diamond, gemstones, (Zr,
etc.)
69
70
H11 H10 Beach sands and offshore placers: Au, Pt, Sn,Ti, REE, diamond, gemstones, (Zr, etc.)
H12 H10 Alluvial-eluvial placers: Au, Pt, Sn, Ti, REE, diamond, gemstones, (Zr, etc)
H13 H10 Eolian-related ore deposits: Sn, etc
H14 H10 Deposits associated with tillites, subdesert fan deposits, etc.
H20 H Residually enriched ore deposits: Fe, Mn, Ni-Co, Au, Pt, P, U, corundum, etc.
H21 H20 Laterite-related ore deposits: Fe, Mn, Ni-Co, Au, Pt, corundum, P, REE, Nb, etc.
H22 H20 Bauxite and Al-rich rock deposits (karst, laterite and Tikhvinsk types): Al, (Fe, Ga)
H23 H20 Gossan (VMS, MVT, Veins, etc.) -related deposits: Au, Ag, Zn
H24 H20 Uraniferous duricrust deposits (calcrete, silcrete, phoscrete): U
H25 H20 Other surficial uraniferous deposits (karst, pedogenic, fracture fill): U
H30 H Secondary sulphide and oxide (cementation) deposits: Cu, (Au, Ag)
H31 H30 Secondary Cu oxide (cementation) deposits: Cu
H32 H30 Secondary Cu sulphide (cementation) deposits: Cu
H40 H Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits: clays, kaolin, silica sand, etc.

H50 H Atypical supergene deposits
H51 H50 Exotic supergene Cu deposits: Cu
H60 H Unspecified supergene ore deposits
I Anthropic deposits: industrial and mining wastes
I10 I Mine tailings and stockpiles: Au, Ag, Co, REE, etc.
I20 I Industrial wastes (slags, bottom ash): Co, V, Ti
J Unspecified ore deposit type

71
Metallogenic map of Central and south-Eastern Europe
Appendix 3
Deposit classes by commodity -

BRGM © 1999-2008

Class A Class B Class C Class D
Code Very large Large deposit Medium deposit Small deposit Unit
Français Español deposit (> X) (> X) (> X) (> X)
English
Minéraux abrasifs : grenat, Abrasive minerals: garnet, staurolite Minerales abrasivos: granate, tonne
Abr 5.E+05 1.E+05 2.E+04 5.E+03
staurotide (substance) (substance) estaurolita (subst.) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Ag Argent (métal) Silver (metal) Plata (metal) 1.E+04 3.E+03 5.E+02 1.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Aggr Granulats (substance) Aggregate (substance) Aridos (substancia) 3.E+08 5.E+07 1.E+07 2.E+06
(1,000 kg)
tonne
AgM Aigue-marine (substance) Aquamarine (substance) Aguamarina (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
Agate, calcédoine, jaspe Agata, chalcedony, jasper Agata, calcedonia, jaspe tonne
Agt 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00
(substance) (substance) (substancia) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Al Aluminium (Bauxite minerai) Aluminium (Bauxite ore) Aluminio (Bauxita mena) 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06

(1,000 kg)
Améthyste, quartz, citrine, Amethyst, quartz, citrine, aventurine Amatista, cuarzo, citrina, tonne
Amt 5.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
aventurine (substance) (substance) aventurina (substancia) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Amz Amazonite, gemme (substance) Amazonite, gemstone (substance) Amazonita, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02
(1,000 kg)
Andalousite-disthène, groupe Andalusite-kyanite group Andalucita-distena, grupo tonne
And 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
tonne
Anda Andalousite (substance) Andalusite (substance) Andalucita (substancia) 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Ant Antophyllite (Amiante) (substance) Antophyllite (Asbestos) (substance) Antofilita (Amianto) (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
As Arsenic (métal) Arsenic (metal) Arsénico (metal) 2.E+05 2.E+04 2.E+03 2.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Asb Amiante (substance) Asbestos (substance) Amianto, Asbesto (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Attp Attapulgite, sépiolite (substance) Attapulgite, sepiolite (substance) Attapulgita, sepiolita (substancia) 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Au Or (métal) Gold (metal) Oro (metal) 3.E+02 5.E+01 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Be Béryllium (BeO) Beryllium (BeO) Berilio (BeO) 5.E+04 5.E+03 5.E+02 5.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Bi Bismuth (métal) Bismuth (metal) Bismuto (metal) 2.E+04 2.E+03 2.E+02 2.E+00
(1,000 kg)
75
76
Roches bitumineuses (tonnes Rocas bituminosas (toneladas de tonne
Bitum Bituminous rocks (tons of oil) 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06
d'huile) aceite) (1,000 kg)
tonne
BM Métaux de base (indifférenciés) Base metal (undifferenciated) Metales básicos (indiferenciados) 5.E+06 5.E+05 5.E+04 5.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Bnt Bentonite (substance) Bentonite (substance) Bentonita (substancia) 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Bor Borates (B2O3) Borates (B2O3) Boratos (B2O3) 3.E+07 1.E+07 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Br Brome (substance) Bromine (substance) Bromo (substancia) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Brl Béryl, gemme (substance) Beryl, gemstone (substance) Berilo, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Brt Barite (BaSO4) Barite (BaSO4) Barita (BaSO4) 5.E+06 1.E+06 2.E+05 5.E+04
(1,000 kg)
Calcite, charge pour papier Calcita, material de carga para tonne
Cal Calcite, filler for paper (CaCO3) 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05
(CaCO3) papel (CaCO3) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Caopt Calcite, usage optique (CaCO3) Calcite, optical use (CaCO3) Calcita, uso óptico (CaCO3) 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
CBrl Chrysobéryl, gemme (substance) Chrysoberyl, gemstone (substance) Crisoberilo, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
Minéraux indicateurs de tonne
Cbte Carbonatite mineral markers Minerales guías de carbonatitas 4.E+00 3.E+00 2.E+00 1.E+00
carbonatites (1,000 kg)
tonne
Cd Cadmium (métal) Cadmium (metal) Cadmio (metal) 1.E+04 2.E+03 5.E+02 1.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Ce Cerium (Ce2O3) Cerium (Ce2O3) Cerio (Ce2O3) 3.E+05 3.E+04 3.E+03 3.E+02
(1,000 kg)
Crisotilo (Amianto, Asbesto) tonne
Chr Chrysotile (Amiante) (substance) Chrysotile (Asbestos) (substance) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(substancia) (1,000 kg)
Argiles communes pour brique, Common clays for brick, tile Arcilla común para ladrillos, tejas tonne
ClyC 1.E+07 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
tuile (substance) (substance) (substancia) (1,000 kg)
Argiles nobles (céramique) White-firing clays (refractory & Arcillas refractarias y cerámicas tonne
ClyR 5.E+06 1.E+06 2.E+05 5.E+04
(substance) ceramic) (subst.) (substancia) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Co Cobalt (métal) Cobalt (metal) Cobalto (metal) 1.E+05 1.E+04 2.E+03 2.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Coal Charbon, lignite (substance) Coal, lignite (substance) Carbón, lignito (substancia) 1.E+10 1.E+09 1.E+08 5.E+06
(1,000 kg)
CorG Corindon, gemme (substance) Corundum, gemstone (substance) Corindón, gema (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 carat

tonne
Cr Chrome (Cr2O3) Chrome (Cr2O3) Cromo (Cr2O3) 3.E+07 5.E+06 1.E+06 2.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Crn Corindon (substance) Corundum (substance) Corindón (substancia) 5.E+05 1.E+05 2.E+04 5.E+03
(1,000 kg)
Crocidolito (Amianto, Asbesto) tonne
Cro Crocidolite (Amiante) (substance) Crocidolite (Asbestos) (substance) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
tonne
Cs Césium (Cs2O) Cesium (Cs2O) Cesio (Cs2O) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Cu Cuivre (métal) Copper (metal) Cobre (metal) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
Diamant, industriel et gemme Diamond, industrial and gemstone Diamante, industrial y gema
Diam 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 carat
(substance) (substance) (substancia)
tonne
Dol Dolomie (substance) Dolomite (substance) Dolomía (substancia) 5.E+08 5.E+07 5.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Dtm Diatomite (substance) Diatomite (kieselguhr) (substance) Diatomita (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Dum Dumortiérite, gemme (substance) Dumortierite, gemstone (substance) Dumortierita, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)

Em Emeraude (substance) Emerald (substance) Esmeralda (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 carat
tonne
Fe Fer (métal) Iron (metal) Hierro (metal) 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Feld Feldspath, néphéline (substance) Feldspar, nepheline (substance) Feldespato, nefelina (substancia) 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Fl Fluorine (CaF2) Fluorite (CaF2) Fluorita (CaF2) 5.E+06 1.E+06 2.E+05 5.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Ga Gallium (métal) Gallium (metal) Galio (metal) 1.E+02 5.E+01 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
Gabbro, dolérite, etc., ornemental Gabbro, dolerite, etc., ornamental Gabro, dolerita, etc., ornamentale tonne
Gabb 1.E+08 2.E+07 5.E+06 1.E+06
Gas Gaz (substance) Gas (substance) Gas (substancia) 1.E+03 3.E+02 5.E+01 1.E+01 km3
tonne
Ge Germanium (métal) Germanium (metal) Germanio (metal) 5.E+02 1.E+02 2.E+01 5.E+00
(1,000 kg)
Pierres précieuses indéterminées
GemP Gemstones, general (substance) Gemas, general (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 carat
(sub.)
Pierres semi-précieuses diverses Semiprecious stone, general Piedras semipreciosas, general tonne
GemS 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
tonne
Gp Gypse, anhydrite (substance) Gypsum, anhydrite (substance) Yeso, anhidrita (substancia) 5.E+08 5.E+07 5.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Gr Graphite (substance) Graphite (substance) Grafito (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
Gran Granite, syénite, etc., ornemental Granite, syenite, etc., ornamental Granito, sienita, etc. ornamentale 1.E+08 2.E+07 5.E+06 1.E+06 tonne
77
78
tonne
Gt Grenat, gemme (substance) Garnet, gemstone (substance) Granate, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
GTH Géothermie (énergie) Geothermal energy Geotermía (energía) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 Kwh
tonne
Hf Hafnium (métal) Hafnium (metal) Hafnio (metal) 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Hg Mercure (métal) Mercury (metal) Mercurio (metal) 5.E+04 5.E+03 5.E+02 1.E+02
(1,000 kg)
Heavy minerals, general Minerales pesados, total tonne
HM Minéraux lourds, total (substance) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(substance) (substancia) (1,000 kg)
tonne
I Iode (substance) Iodine (substance) Yodo (substancia) 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
In Indium (métal) Indium (metal) Indio (metal) 5.E+02 1.E+02 3.E+01 5.E+00
(1,000 kg)
Kimb Minéraux indicateurs de kimberlites Kimberlite mineral markers Minerales guías de kimberlitas 4.E+00 3.E+00 2.E+00 1.E+00 carat
tonne
Kln Kaolin (substance) Kaolin (substance) Caolín (substancia) 5.E+07 1.E+07 2.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
Distena - Cianita, gema tonne
Ky Disthène, gemme (substance) Kyanite, gemstone (substance) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
tonne
Kya Disthène (substance) Kyanite (substance) Distena - Cianita (substancia) 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Li Lithium (Li2O) Lithium (Li2O) Litio (Li2O) 5.E+06 5.E+05 5.E+04 5.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
LstC Calcaire à ciment (substance) Cement limestone (substance) Caliza para cemento (substancia) 3.E+08 5.E+07 1.E+07 2.E+06
(1,000 kg)
tonne
LstL Calcaire à chaux (substance) Limestone for lime (substance) Caliza para cal (substancia) 5.E+07 1.E+07 2.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
Lapis-lazuli, ornamental tonne
Lz Lapis lazuli,ornemental (substance) Lazulite, ornamental (substance) 5.E+05 2.E+05 5.E+04 1.E+04
tonne
Mal Malachite (substance) Malachite (substance) Malaquita (substancia) 5.E+03 2.E+03 5.E+02 1.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Mg Magnésium, magnésite (MgCO3) Magnesium, magnesite (MgCO3) Magnesio, magnesita (MgCO3) 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
Magnésium, sels et saumures Magnesio, sales y salmueras tonne
MgCl Magnesium, salts and brines (MgO) 1.E+08 2.E+07 5.E+06 5.E+05
(MgO) (MgO) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Mica Mica, feuilles) (substance) Mica, sheet (substance) Mica, hojas (substancia) 5.E+05 5.E+04 5.E+03 5.E+02
(1,000 kg)

tonne
Mn Manganèse (métal) Manganese (metal) Manganeso (metal) 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Mo Molybdène (métal) Molybdenum (metal) Molibdeno (metal) 5.E+05 5.E+04 5.E+03 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Mrbl Marbre (substance) Marble (substance) Mármol (substancia) 5.E+07 1.E+07 2.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
N/A Substance inconnue Commodity not available Substancia indeterminada 0.E+00 0.E+00 0.E+00 0.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Nasulf Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) Sodio sulfato (Na2SO4) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
Sodium carbonate (natron) Sodium carbonate (natron) Sodio carbonato (natrón) tonne
Natr 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05
(Na2CO3) (Na2CO3) (Na2CO3) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Nb Niobium - Columbium (Nb2O5) Niobium - Columbium (Nb2O5) Niobio - Columbio (Nb2O5) 3.E+05 5.E+04 1.E+04 2.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Ni Nickel (métal) Nickel (metal) Níquel (metal) 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04 2.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Nitr Nitrates (NO3) Nitrates (NO3) Nitratos (NO3) 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)

tonne
Olv Péridot, gemme (substance) Peridot, gemstone (substance) Peridoto, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Osir Osmiridium (métal) Osmiridium (metal) Osmiridio (metal) 3.E+01 5.E+00 1.E+00 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
Autre pierre ornementale, hors Other ornamental stone, except Otra roca ornamentale, excepto tonne
Ost 1.E+08 2.E+07 5.E+06 1.E+06
Gabb, Gran (subst.) Gabb-Gran (subst.) Gabb-Gran (subst.) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Pb Plomb (métal) Lead (metal) Plomo (metal) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
PbZn Plomb + Zinc (métal) Lead + Zinc (metal) Plomo + Zinc (metal) 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04 2.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Pd Palladium (métal) Palladium (metal) Paladio (metal) 3.E+02 5.E+01 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Peat Tourbe (substance) Peat (substance) Turba (substancia) 5.E+08 5.E+07 5.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Perl Perlite (substance) Perlite (substance) Perlita (substancia) 2.E+07 1.E+07 5.E+06 1.E+06
(1,000 kg)
Petr Pétrole (substance) Petroleum (substance) Petróleo (substancia) 1.E+09 1.E+08 1.E+07 1.E+06 m3
tonne
Phos Phosphate (P2O5) Phosphate (P2O5) Fosfato (P205) 2.E+09 2.E+08 2.E+07 2.E+06
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Pigmt Pigment minéral (substance) Mineral pigment (substance) Pigmento mineral (substancia) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Pltd Platinoïdes, groupe (métal) Platinoids, group (metal) Platinoides, grupo (metal) 3.E+02 5.E+01 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
79
80
tonne
Pozz Ponce, pouzzolane (substance) Pumice, pozzolan (substance) Pómez, pozzolan (substancia) 1.E+08 5.E+07 1.E+07 2.E+06
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Pphy Pyrophyllite (substance) Pyrophyllite (substance) Pirofilita (substancia) 2.E+07 5.E+06 1.E+06 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Pt Platine (métal) Platinum (metal) Platino (metal) 3.E+02 5.E+01 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Ptsh Potasse (sylvite, carnallite) (K20) Potash (sylvite, carnallite) (K20) Potasa (silvita, carnalita) (K2O) 5.E+08 5.E+07 5.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Py Pyrite (FeS2) Pyrite (FeS2) Pirita (FeS2) 1.E+08 2.E+07 5.E+06 2.E+05
(1,000 kg)
Quartz massif, blocs pour Massive quartz, blocks for Cuarzo, bloques masizos para tonne
Qtz 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
ferrosilicium (SiO2) ferrosilicon (SiO2) ferrosilicio (SiO2) (1,000 kg)
Quartz, usage optique & Quartz, optical & piezoelectrical use Cuarzo, uso óptico & tonne
Qtzopt 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01
piézoélectrique (SiO2) (SiO2) piezoeléctrico (SiO2) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Rb Rubidium (Rb2O) Rubidium (Rb2O) Rubidio (Rb2O) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Re Rhénium (métal) Rhenium (metal) Renio (metal) 5.E+03 5.E+02 5.E+01 5.E+00
(1,000 kg)
Terres rares indifférenciées tonne
REE Rare Earths (RE2O3) Tierras raras (Re2O3) 3.E+05 3.E+04 3.E+03 3.E+02
(RE2O3) (1,000 kg)
tonne
Rh Rhodium (métal) Rhodium (metal) Rodio (metal) 3.E+01 5.E+00 1.E+00 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
Rub Rubis (substance) Ruby (substance) Rubí (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 carat
tonne
S Soufre (substance) Sulphur (substance) Azufre (substancia) 2.E+07 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Salt Sel gemme (NaCl) Rock salt (NaCl) Sal gema (NaCl) 5.E+08 5.E+07 5.E+06 5.E+05
(1,000 kg)
Saph Saphir (substance) Sapphire (substance) Zafiro (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 carat
tonne
Sb Antimoine (métal) Antimony (metal) Antimonio (metal) 5.E+04 1.E+04 2.E+03 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Sc Scandium (métal) Scandium (metal) Escandio (metal) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Se Sélenium (substance) Selenium (substance) Selenio (substancia) 5.E+03 1.E+03 3.E+02 5.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Silc Silice, sable siliceux (substance) Silica, silica sand (substance) Sílice, arena (substancia) 1.E+07 3.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Sill Sillimanite (substance) Sillimanite (substance) Silimanita (substancia) 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05

(1,000 kg)
tonne
Slt Ardoise (substance) Slate (substance) Pizarra (substancia) 5.E+06 2.E+06 5.E+05 1.E+05
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Sn Etain (métal) Tin (metal) Estaño (metal) 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Sod Sodalite, gemme (substance) Sodalite, gemstone (substance) Sodalita, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Sr Strontium (SrCO3 ou SrSO4) Strontium (SrCO3 or SrSO4) Estroncio (SrCO3 or SrSO4) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Ta Tantale (Ta2O5) Tantalum (Ta2O5) Tantalio (Ta2O5) 3.E+03 5.E+02 1.E+02 2.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Tanz Tanzanite, gemme (substance) Tanzanite, gemstone (substance) Tanzanita, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Te Tellure (métal) Tellurium (metal) Telurio (metal) 5.E+02 1.E+02 2.E+01 5.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Th Thorium (métal) Thorium (metal) Torio (metal) 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02
(1,000 kg)

ThS Sources thermales Thermal springs Fuentes termales 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 m3/s
tonne
Ti Titane, général (TiO2) Titanium, general (TiO2) Titanio, general (TiO2) 2.E+07 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
TiIlm Titane, ilménite (TiO2) Titanium, ilmenite (TiO2) Titanio, ilmenita (TiO2) 2.E+07 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
TiRt Titane, rutile (TiO2) Titanium, rutile (TiO2) Titanio, rutilo (TiO2) 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04 2.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Tl Thallium (métal) Thallium (metal) Talio (metal) 5.E+03 5.E+02 5.E+01 5.E+00
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Tlc Talc (substance) Talc (substance) Talco (substancia) 2.E+07 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
To Tourmaline, gemme (substance) Tourmaline, gemstone (substance) Turmalina, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Tpz Topaze (substance) Topaz (substance) Topacio (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Trav Travertin (substance) Travertine (substance) Travertino (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Turq Turquoise (substance) Turquoise (substance) Turquesa (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
U Uranium (métal) Uranium (metal) Uranio (metal) 5.E+04 5.E+03 5.E+02 5.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
V Vanadium (métal) Vanadium (metal) Vanadio (metal) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
81
82
tonne
Vrm Vermiculite (substance) Vermiculite (substance) Vermiculita (substancia) 1.E+07 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
W Wolfram (WO3) Wolfram (WO3) Wolframio (WO3) 5.E+04 5.E+03 5.E+02 5.E+01
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Wol Wollastonite (substance) Wollastonite (substance) Wolastonita (substancia) 5.E+06 5.E+05 5.E+04 5.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Y Yttrium (Y2O3) Yttrium (Y2O3) Ytrio (Y2O3) 3.E+05 3.E+04 3.E+03 3.E+02
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Zlt Zéolites (substance) Zeolites (substance) Zeolitas (substancia) 1.E+06 2.E+05 5.E+04 1.E+04
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Zn Zinc (métal) Zinc (metal) Zinc (metal) 2.E+06 2.E+05 2.E+04 2.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
Zr Zirconium (ZrO2) Zirconium (ZrO2) Circonio (ZrO2) 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03
(1,000 kg)
tonne
ZrGm Zircon, gemme (substance) Zircon, gemstone (substance) Circón, gema (substancia) 1.E+01 5.E+00 5.E-01 1.E-01
(1,000 kg)

Appendix 4
Deposit description files - top 180+ Central &

Southeastern Europe mineral deposits

ALBANIA Bulqiza ALB-00004

Commodities: Cr - Cu - Co - Ni - Pltd Long: 20.267 - Lat: 41.517
Mining Company Albchrome (state)
url
Status Producing industrial mine
Exploitation type Underground mining
Mineralogy Chromite, Ilmenite, Pyrochlore, Wolframite, Pitchblende (Uraninite)
Ore deposit type Podiform chromite deposits: Cr
Past production
Reserves Cr: 1,720,000 t (1,000 kg)-Chrome (Cr2O3) @ 43.000 %
Resources Cr: 4,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Chrome (Cr2O3) @ 43.000 %
ALBANIA Dhrovjani ALB-00064

Commodities: Salt Long: 20.217 - Lat: 39.883
Mining Company State
url
Status Deposit of unknown status
Mineralogy Anhydrite, Gypsum, Halite
Ore deposit type Salts and gypsum deposits: Na, K, Mg, Ca, (Sr, Li, Cl, Br, I, etc)
Past production
Reserves
Resources Salt: 100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ (no data)

AUSTRIA Erzberg (Steirischer) AUT-01266

Commodities: Fe Long: 14.912 - Lat: 47.524
Mining Company VOEST ALPINE OG
url http://www.brgm.fr/mineo/alpine.htm
Exploitation type Open cast (open pit) mining
Mineralogy Ankerite, Arsenopyrite, Chalcopyrite, Cinnabar, Grey copper, Hematite, Pyrite,
Siderite, Brannerite
Ore deposit type Atypical syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
Past production Fe: 3,800,000 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ 31.000 %
Reserves Fe: 327,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ (no data)
Resources
AUSTRIA Kaisersberg AUT-00006

Commodities: Gr Long: 14.977 - Lat: 47.341
Mining Company Franz-Mayr-Melnhof Company
url
Status Producing deposit
Mineralogy Graphite
Ore deposit type Industrial rocks and minerals related to metamorphic rocks: andalusite group,
wollastonite, graphite, etc.
Past production Gr: 17,500 t (1,000 kg)-Graphite (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves Gr: 160,000 t (1,000 kg)-Graphite (substance) @ (no data)
Resources Gr: 1,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Graphite (substance) @ (no data)
AUSTRIA Mittersill AUT-00011

Commodities: W Long: 12.486 - Lat: 47.203
Mining Company Wolfram Bergbau und Hüttelgesellschaft mbH
url http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/ABCD/Mittersill.html
Status Old industrial mine, abandoned deposit
Mineralogy Molybdenite, Pentlandite, Powellite, Pyrrhotite, Scheelite, Sphalerite, Wolframite
Ore deposit type W (scheelite) - Mo skarns: W, (Mo)
Past production W: 45,500 t (1,000 kg)-Wolfram (WO3) @ 0.650 %
Reserves W: 30,500 t (1,000 kg)-Wolfram (WO3) @ 0.500 %
Resources

AUSTRIA Peggau-Hinterberg AUT-00939

Commodities: Pb - Zn Long: 15.370 - Lat: 47.200
Mining Company
url
Status Unkown status
Exploitation type Mining method unkown
Mineralogy (no data)
Ore deposit type Unspecified ore deposit type
Past production Pb: 442,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
AUSTRIA Rabant AUT-01008

Commodities: Sb - As - Au Long: 12.938 - Lat: 46.773
Mining Company
url
Ore deposit type Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
Past production Sb: 200 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves Au: (no data)-Gold (metal) @ 35.000 g/t
Resources Sb: 10,000 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ (no data)
AUSTRIA Schlaining-Grundgraben AUT-01127

Commodities: Sb - Hg Long: 16.288 - Lat: 47.350
Mining Company
url
Status DEPOSITS
Mineralogy Cinnabar, Pyrite, Stibnite
Ore deposit type Mercury deposits hosted by sediments injected by basic diatremes (Almaden):
Hg, (As, Sb)
Past production Sb: 50,000 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ 4.000 %
Reserves Sb: 8,000 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ (no data)
Resources

AUSTRIA Trandorf (Weinberg) AUT-00227

Commodities: Gr - ClyC Long: 15.287 - Lat: 48.383
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Clay, Graphite
Past production Gr: 12,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Graphite (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources Gr: (no data)-Graphite (substance) @ 55.000 %

BOSNIA AND Ljubija BIH-00005

HERZEGOVINA
Commodities: Fe - Mn Long: 16.608 - Lat: 44.919
Mining Company Ro Rudnici Zeljezne Rude Ljubija - Prijedor
url
Exploitation type Surface mining
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Galena, Goethite (limonite), Pyrite, Siderite, Sphalerite
Ore deposit type Unspecified volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative deposits
Reserves Fe: 133,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ 39.960 %
Mn: 7,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Manganese (metal) @ 2.180 %
Resources
BOSNIA AND Omarska BIH-00037

HERZEGOVINA
Mining Company RMK - Zenika
url
Exploitation type Strip mining
Mineralogy Goethite, Lepidocrocite, Goethite (limonite)
Ore deposit type Unspecified volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative deposits
Past production
Resources

BOSNIA AND Parsovici BIH-00066

HERZEGOVINA
Commodities: Tlc Long: 17.907 - Lat: 43.761
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Pyrophyllite
Past production
Reserves Tlc: 10,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Talc (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

BULGARIA Assarel BGR-00039

Commodities: Cu - Au - Py Long: 24.136 - Lat: 42.547
Mining Company Assarel-Medet Co
url http://www.asarel.com/AboutUs.jsp?language=en
Mineralogy Silver, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Grey copper, Electrum,
Galena, Goethite, Hematite, Magnetite, Malachite, Molybdenite, Gold, Pyrite,
Sphalerite, Goldfieldite, Colusite, Sulvanite, Aikinite, Wittichenite, Hessite,
Tetradymite, Enargite
Ore deposit type Porphyry Cu-Au deposits: Cu, Au, (Ag, Bi, Te)
Past production Cu: 704,400 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.530 %
Reserves Au: 52 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ 0.200 g/t
Cu: 1,041,400 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.410 %
Resources
BULGARIA Buhovo BGR-00291

Commodities: U Long: 23.500 - Lat: 42.833
Mining Company
url
Status Old industrial mine, exhausted deposit
Mineralogy Pitchblende (Uraninite), Chalcopyrite, Galena
Ore deposit type Uraniferous peri- or intra-granitic (leucogranite) veins: U, (F, Ba, base metals, Fe)
Past production U: 12,500 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ 0.065 %
Reserves
Resources

BULGARIA Chelopech BGR-00037

Commodities: Au - Cu - Ag - Zn - In - Ge Long: 24.079 - Lat: 42.703
Mining Company Dundee Precious Metals Inc
url http://www.dundeeprecious.com/chelopechmine.asp
Mineralogy Aikinite, Bismuthinite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Colusite, Covellite,
Enargite, Famatinite, Galena, Luzonite, Gold, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Tennantite, In-
sphalerite, In-tennantite-tetrahedrite, In-enargite, In-chalcopyrite, Electrum,
Kësterite, Marcasite, Melnicovite, Nagyagite, Renierite, Stannoidite, Sylvanite,
Tellurium, Germanite, Ge-colusite
Ore deposit type High-sulphidation (acid-sulphate) epithermal deposits: Au, Cu, (Hg, As, S)
Past production Au: 25 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ 2.900 g/t
Cu: 83,513 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.970 %
Ag: 285 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)
Resources Au: 33 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ 1.920 g/t
BULGARIA Chiprovtsi BGR-00010

Commodities: Pb - Ag - Fe Long: 22.821 - Lat: 43.446
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Silver, Boulangerite, Chalcopyrite, Grey copper, Galena, Polybasite, Pyrargyrite,
Pyrite, Sphalerite
Ore deposit type Pb-Zn-Ag skarns and stratiform mantos: Pb, Zn, Ag, (Au)
Past production
Pb: 190,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 2.500 %
Resources

BULGARIA Dobrudza, Dobroudzha BGR-00303

Commodities: Coal - Ge Long: 28.371 - Lat: 43.588
Mining Company
url
Status Dormant district
Ore deposit type Ge (and/or Ga) coal and lignite deposits (Ge > 50 g/t)
Past production
Reserves
Resources Coal: 1,500,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Coal, lignite (substance) @ (no data)
Ge: (no data)-Germanium (metal) @ 50.000 g/t
BULGARIA Elatsite BGR-00036

Commodities: Cu - Ag - Au - Mo - Pltd - Re - In Long: 24.038 - Lat: 42.752
Mining Company Elatsite Med
url
Mineralogy Azurite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Galena, Magnetite,
Malachite, Molybdenite, Electrum, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Merenskyite, Clausthalite,
Hematite, Hessite, Marcasite, Pyrrhotite, Rammelsbergite
Reserves Ag: 239 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 1.300 g/t
Au: 56 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ 0.300 g/t
Mo: 8,510 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ 0.005 %
Pltd: 5 t (1,000 kg)-Platinoids, group (metal) @ 0.025 g/t
Re: 69,375 t (1,000 kg)-Rhenium (metal) @ 375.000 g/t
Resources In: 10 t (1,000 kg)-Indium (metal) @ 0.100 g/t

BULGARIA Grancharitsa BGR-00125

Mining Company Ministry of Environment and Water
url
Status Subeconomic deposit
Exploitation type Unworked
Mineralogy Arsenopyrite, Galena, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Scheelite, Sphalerite,
Wolframite, Chalcopyrite
Ore deposit type Granitic and peri-granitic veins and stockworks (greisen): Sn-W, (Cu, Bi, Sb, base
metals)
Past production
Resources
BULGARIA Kremikovtsi BGR-00020

Commodities: Brt - Cu - Fe - Pb Long: 23.500 - Lat: 42.807
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite, Hematite, Barite, Goethite
Ore deposit type Sedimentary-exhalative to volcano-sedimentary Mn or Ba: Mn, Ba
Reserves Brt: 12,647,400 t (1,000 kg)-Barite (BaSO4) @ 21.400 %
Fe: 68,200,000 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ 30.700 %
Pb: 124 800 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.200 %
Resources
BULGARIA Maritsa East BGR-00269

Commodities: Coal Long: 25.933 - Lat: 42.300
Mining Company Maritsa-Iztok Mines Inc
url
Ore deposit type Lignite deposits
Past production
Reserves Coal: 2,000,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Coal, lignite (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

BULGARIA Obrochishte BGR-00027

Commodities: Mn Long: 28.065 - Lat: 43.380
Mining Company Euromangan Inc
url http://www.gl.rhul.ac.uk/geode/dbase.html
Mineralogy Alabandite, Manganite, Psilomelane, Rhodochrosite (Dialoqite), Clinoptilolite
Ore deposit type Fe and Mn sedimentary deposits: Fe, Mn
Past production Mn: 249,118 t (1,000 kg)-Manganese (metal) @ 28.500 %
Reserves Mn: 16,109,372 t (1,000 kg)-Manganese (metal) @ 28.180 %
Resources Mn: 100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Manganese (metal) @ 34.000 %
BULGARIA Pravoslaven BGR-00283

Mining Company
url
Ore deposit type Uraniferous sandstones (roll-type, tabular and basal channel): U, (V, Cu)
Past production
Reserves U: 12,500 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ 0.065 %
Resources
BULGARIA Saslyka Channel BGR-00287

Mining Company
url
Status Dormant deposit
Past production
Reserves U: 12,500 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ 0.065 %
Resources

BULGARIA Stara Zagora BGR-00046

Commodities: Brt Long: 25.736 - Lat: 42.497
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Barite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Pyrite, Sphalerite
Ore deposit type Unspecified ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow intrusives
Past production
Reserves
Resources Brt: 3,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Barite (BaSO4) @ 33.600 %
BULGARIA Vozdol BGR-00104

Commodities: Au - Cu - Ag - Zn - Pb - In Long: 24.080 - Lat: 42.713
Mining Company Ministry of Environment and Water
url
Status Subeconomic deposit
Mineralogy Aikinite, Bismuth, Bismuthinite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chalcostibite,
Covellite, Emplectite, Galena, Magnetite, Marcasite, Millerite, Molybdenite, Gold,
Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Sphalerite, Tennantite, Tetradymite, Tetrahedrite, Guanajuatite,
In-sphalerite, In-chalcopyrite
Ore deposit type Low-sulphidation (adularia - sericite) epithermal deposits: Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb,
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Past production
Reserves
Ag: 289 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 6.870 g/t
Zn: 161,989 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 0.390 %
Pb: 99,754 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 0.240 %

CZECH REPUBLIC Celina - Mokrsko CZE-00003

Commodities: Au Long: 14.333 - Lat: 49.740
Mining Company
url http://www.geofond.cz/
Mineralogy Gold, Mispickel (Arsenopyrite), Pyrite, Scheelite, Molybdenite, Pyrrhotite,
Maldonite
Ore deposit type Brittle-ductile shear-zone related mesothermal gold deposit (greenschist facies):
Au (Ag, W, As, Sb, Cu, Ni, Co, Bi, Te)
Past production
Reserves
CZECH REPUBLIC Cínovec CZE-00057

Commodities: Sn - W - Pb - Zn - In - Rb - Li Long: 13.767 - Lat: 50.730
Mining Company
Status Old mine workings
Mineralogy Cassiterite, Wolframite, Zinnwaldite, Scheelite, Roquesite, Galena, Chalcocite, In-
sphalerite, Tennantite, Bismuth, Wittichenite, Stannite, Dzhalindite, Chalcopyrite,
Beudantite, Topaz, Tantalite, Bastnäsite, Uranpyrochlore
Ore deposit type Granitic and peri-granitic veins and stockworks (greisen): Sn-W, (Cu, Bi, Sb, base
metals)
Past production Sn: 40,000 t (1,000 kg)-Tin (metal) @ 0.200 %
Reserves Sn: 70,000 t (1,000 kg)-Tin (metal) @ 0.200 %
W: 24,750 t (1,000 kg)-Wolfram (WO3) @ 0.045
Rb: 1,558,700 t (1,000 kg)-Rubidium (Rb2O) @ (no data)
Li: 1,430,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lithium (Li2O) @ (no data)
Resources In: 50 t (1,000 kg)-Indium (metal) @ 1.000 g/t

CZECH REPUBLIC Hamr - Stráz district CZE-00005

Mining Company
Mineralogy Coffinite, Uraninite, Leucoxene
Past production U: 13,206 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
CZECH REPUBLIC Jáchymov CZE-00008

Commodities: U - Ag - As - Cu - Ni - Co - In Long: 12.917 - Lat: 50.367
Mining Company
Mineralogy Acanthite, Adamite, Alloclasite, Anglesite, Annabergite, Antimony, Antlerite,
Argentite, Arsenic, Arsenolamprite, Arsenolite, Arsenopyrite, Asbolane, Autunite,
Becquerelite, Beudantite, Hematite, Hemimorphite (Calamine), Hydrozincite,
Jordisite, Kasolite, Kermesite, Goethite (limonite), Pyrolusite (Polianite),
Pyrrhotite, Pyromorphite, Rammelsbergite, Realgar, Rhodochrosite (Dialoqite),
Roscoelite, Safflorite, Scorodite, Siegenite, Silver, Sklodowskite, Bismuth,
Bismuthinite, Bornite, Breithauptite, Brochantite, Cassiterite, Cerussite,
Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Cinnabar, Clausthalite, Cobaltite, Coffinite,
Cryptomelane, Cuprite, Cuprosklodowskite, Curienite, Luzonite, Loellingite,
Magnetite, Manganite, Marcasite, Metatorbernite, Tyuyamunite (and méta-
tyuyamunite), Metazeunerite, Millerite, Mimetite, Molybdenite, Skutterudite,
Niccolite (Nickeline), Smithsonite, Sphalerite, Stephanite, Stibnite, Stromeyerite,
Tennantite, Tetrahedrite, Torbernite, Galena, Gersdorffite, Glaucodot, Gold,
Goethite, Novacekite, Orpiment, Olivenite, Parsonsite, Phosphuranylite,
Polybasite, Proustite, Psilomelane, Pyrargyrite, Pyrite, Uraninite, Uranocircite,
Uranophane, Wolframite, Wurtzite, Wulfenite, Zeunerite
Ore deposit type Five-element associated (or Co arsenide polymetallic) veins: As, Co, Cu, Ni, Ag,
Bi, U (Sb, Hg, Se, F, Ba)
Reserves
Resources

CZECH REPUBLIC Kasperské Hory CZE-00013

Commodities: Au - W - Cd Long: 13.555 - Lat: 49.145
Mining Company Czech government / TVX Gold Inc
url
Status Industrial project under development
Mineralogy Gold, Scheelite, Bismuthinite, Maldonite, Galena, Bismuth, Greenockite, Mispickel
(Arsenopyrite), Cobaltite, Gersdorffite, Pyrite, Molybdenite
Ore deposit type Fault-related syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits : Au, Zn, As, Sb, Cu, Ni, Co
Past production Au: 2 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ (no data)
Resources Au: 70 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ (no data)
CZECH REPUBLIC Kutná Hora CZE-00053

Commodities: Ag - Cu - PbZn - Sn - In - Ge Long: 15.267 - Lat: 49.950
Mining Company
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Sphalerite, Galena, Freibergite, In-sphalerite, Stannite, Tetrahedrite,
Arsenopyrite, Bournonite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Pyrrhotite, Stibnite, Cassiterite,
Berthierine, Bismuth, Proustite, Pyrargyrite, Stephanite, Miargyrite, Tyuyamunite
(and méta-tyuyamunite)
Ore deposit type Polymetallic peribatholitic veins: Pb-Zn-Cu, (Ag, Ge, U)
Past production Ag: 2,500 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
CZECH REPUBLIC Melník Basin CZE-00069

Mining Company
Ore deposit type Coal deposits
Past production
Reserves Coal: 1,268,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Coal, lignite (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

CZECH REPUBLIC Príbram CZE-00023

Commodities: U - Ag - Pb - Zn - Sn - Cd - Ge - In Long: 13.983 - Lat: 49.717
Mining Company
Mineralogy Allemontite, Antimony, Wurtzite, Galena, Sphalerite, Boulangerite, Chalcopyrite,
In-sphalerite, Ge-sphalerite
Ore deposit type Shear-zone related mesothermal uranium deposits: U, (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Se)
Ag: 3,000 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 1500.000 g/t
Reserves
Resources
CZECH REPUBLIC Roudný CZE-00025

Commodities: Au - Ag Long: 15.233 - Lat: 50.567
Mining Company Millstream Mines Ltd.
Mineralogy Electrum, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite
Reserves
Resources
CZECH REPUBLIC Rozná CZE-00026

Mining Company
Reserves U: (no data)-Uranium (metal) @ 0.020 %
Resources

GERMANY Altenberg (DEU) DEU-00002

Commodities: Sn - Li - Cu - Mo - W - In Long: 13.767 - Lat: 50.750
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Cassiterite, Wolframite, Molybdenite, Agardite, Aikinite, Almandine, Anglesite,
Arsenopyrite, Autunite, Azurite, Bastnäsite, Beryl, Bismite, Bismuth, Bismuthinite,
Bornite, Brochantite, Cerussite, Chalcanthite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite,
Chrysocolla, Columbite, Copper, Covellite, Cryptomelane, Cuprite, Dickite,
Emplectite, Enargite, Epidote, Fluorite, Galena, Goethite, Hematite, Hopeite, Illite,
Ilsemannite, Jordisite, Lepidocrocite, Linarite, Loellingite, Magnetite, Malachite,
Marcasite, Melanterite, Melilite, Mimetite, Molybdite, Nacrite, Pyrite, Pyrolusite
(Polianite), Pyrrhotite, Romanechite, Rutile, Scheelite, Scorodite, Siderite,
Sphalerite, Stannite, Stolzite, Tennantite, Tetrahedrite, Topaz, Torbernite,
Tourmaline, Tungstite, Uranopilite, Wulfenite, Zeunerite, Zinnwaldite, Zircon
Ore deposit type Porphyry Sn deposits (stock or dome-related): Sn +/- Ag
Past production
Reserves
Resources Sn: 180,000 t (1,000 kg)-Tin (metal) @ 0.300 %
GERMANY Culmitzsch DEU-00015

Mining Company
url
Reserves
Resources

GERMANY Freiberg district DEU-00079

Commodities: Ag - Pb - Zn - Cu - Sn - In - Ge - U - Cd - Long: 13.350 - Lat: 50.917
Au - Bi - As - Tl - Py
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Galena, Argentite, Miargyrite, Pyrargyrite, Stephanite, Polybasite, Chalcopyrite,
Valleriite, Tetrahedrite, Marcasite, Berthierine, Arsenopyrite, Hematite, Stibnite,
Jamesonite, Cassiterite, Stannite, Acanthite, Canfieldite, Arsenolite, Proustite, Ge-
sphalerite, In-sphalerite, Boulangerite, Silver, Freibergite, Antimonite, Bournonite,
Freieslebenite, Argyrodite, Dyscrasite, Wolframite, Scheelite, Molybdenite, Pyrite,
Pyrrhotite, Sphalerite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Uraninite, Bismuth, Skutterudite,
Niccolite (Nickeline), Rammelsbergite, Safflorite, Arsenic, Gersdorffite, Cobaltite,
Bravoite, Millerite, Breithauptite, Anatase, Ilsemannite, Jordisite, Wulfenite,
Xanthoconite (Rittingerite)
Ore deposit type Mesothermal Zn vein enriched in Ge
Past production Pb: 95,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ (no data)
Zn: 59,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ (no data)
Ag: 5,250 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)
U: 10 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ (no data)
Cd: 470 t (1,000 kg)-Cadmium (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources Pb: 155,840 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 3.200 %
Zn: 219,150 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 4.500 %
In: 5 t (1,000 kg)-Indium (metal) @ 1.000 g/t
As: 82,790 t (1,000 kg)-Arsenic (metal) @ 1.700 %
GERMANY Hagendorf DEU-00177

Commodities: Qtz - Li - Feld Long: 12.467 - Lat: 49.667
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Quartz, Triplite, K-Feldspar
Ore deposit type Pegmatites: Sn, Nb-Ta, Li-Be, gemstones, cryolite, mica, etc.
Past production Li: 138 t (1,000 kg)-Lithium (Li2O) @ 8.600 %
Feld: 1,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Feldspar, nepheline (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources Qtz: 2,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Massive quartz, blocks for ferrosilicon (SiO2) @ (no
data)
Feld: 1,800,000 t (1,000 kg)-Feldspar, nepheline (substance) @ (no data)

GERMANY Koenigstein DEU-00029

Mining Company
url
Exploitation type Off site methods
Reserves
Resources
GERMANY Kropfmühl DEU-00030

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Graphite
Past production Gr: 1,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Graphite (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
GERMANY Ronneburg Ore Field DEU-00053

Commodities: U - Mo - Cu Long: 12.200 - Lat: 50.867
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Alabandite, Anglesite, Berndtite, Brochantite, Cassiterite, Chalcanthite,
Chalcopyrite, Cinnabar, Covellite, Crandallite, Ettringite, Hauerite, Hematite,
Ilsemannite, Kieserite, Marcasite, Melanterite, Molybdite, Novacekite, Polyhalite,
Pyrite, Selenium, Sklodowskite, Stibnite, Sulphur, Variscite, Vivianite, Wavellite,
Zeunerite
Reserves
Resources

GERMANY Schlema-Alberoda DEU-00359

Mining Company
url
Reserves
Resources
GERMANY Wölsendorf-Nabburg DEU-00324

Commodities: Fl - U Long: 12.183 - Lat: 49.383
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Fluorite, Barite, Galena, Sphalerite
Ore deposit type Brittle-fault related vein and silicified breccia ore deposits: Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu
("BPGC") and/or F, Ba
Past production Fl: 3,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Fluorite (CaF2) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources

GREECE Ankeria GRC-00207

Commodities: Bnt Long: 24.477 - Lat: 36.737
Mining Company Silver & Barytes Ores Mining (S & B); Kyriakopoulo
url
Mineralogy Montmorillonite, Smectite
Ore deposit type Volcanic-hosted industrial rock and mineral deposits: bentonite, diatomite,
kaolinite, pumice, opal, chalcedony, zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, etc.
Past production
Reserves Bnt: 20,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Bentonite (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
GREECE Cape Vani GRC-00208

Commodities: Brt - Mn Long: 24.306 - Lat: 36.750
Mining Company Silver and Baryte Ores Mining Co.
url
Mineralogy Barite, Cryptomelane, Hollandite, Pyrolusite (Polianite), Ramsdellite, Coronadite
Past production
Resources
GREECE Katouna GRC-00241

Commodities: Gp Long: 25.922 - Lat: 35.132
Mining Company Knauf Gypsopoia ABEE
url
Mineralogy Anhydrite, Gypsum
Past production
Reserves Gp: 86,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Gypsum, anhydrite (substance) @ 86.500 %
Resources

GREECE Kefallonia GRC-00306

Commodities: Cal Long: 20.548 - Lat: 38.128
Mining Company Ionian Kalk
url
Ore deposit type Sedimentary-related industrial rocks and minerals: Clays, limestones, dolomite,
calcite, siliceous sand, quartzite, etc.
Past production
Reserves Cal: 30,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Calcite, filler for paper (CaCO3) @ (no data)
Resources
GREECE Kozani GRC-00384

Commodities: Asb - Cr Long: 21.900 - Lat: 40.050
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Asbestos, Chrysotile (Clino-, Ortho-, Para-), Chromite
Ore deposit type Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by basic and ultrabasic rocks
Past production Asb: 100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Asbestos (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
GREECE Larymna GRC-00153

Commodities: Ni Long: 23.276 - Lat: 38.529
Mining Company LARCO SA.
url www.larco.gr
Mineralogy Chromite, Garnierite, Goethite, Lepidocrocite, Magnetite
Ore deposit type Laterite-related ore deposits: Fe, Mn, Ni-Co, Au, Pt, corundum, P, REE, Nb, etc.
Past production
Reserves Ni: (no data)-Nickel (metal) @ 1.400 %
Resources Ni: 1,350,000 t (1,000 kg)-Nickel (metal) @ 0.900 %

GREECE Laurium GRC-00161

Commodities: Pb - Ag - Zn - Cu - Ni - In - Ge - Pd - Sb Long: 24.050 - Lat: 37.700
- As
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Adamite, Andorite, Anglesite, Annabergite, Silver, Argentite, Argentopyrite
(Sternbergite), Arsenopyrite, Atacamite, Azurite, Bismuthinite, Boulangerite,
Cerussite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Cryptomelane, Cuprite, Diaphorite, Galena,
Garnierite, Gersdorffite, Greenockite, Halite, Hematite, Hemimorphite (Calamine),
Hollandite, Hydrocerussite, Jarosite, Goethite (limonite), Linarite, Malachite,
Marcasite, Mimetite, Gold, Orpiment, Phosgenite, Plattnerite, Psilomelane,
Pyrargyrite, Pyrite, Pyrolusite (Polianite), Pyromorphite, Pyrrhotite, Scorodite,
Smithsonite, Sphalerite, Stibnite, Tyrolite, Willemite, Wulfenite, Pyrostilpnite
(Feuerblende), Myargyrite, Arthurite, Austinite, Brochantite, Conichalcite,
Coronadite, Dzhalindite, Gaspeite, Germanite, Groutite, Johannite, Millerite,
Niccolite (Nickeline), Rammelsbergite, Rosasite, Safflorite, Agardite, Aikinite,
Cyanotrichite, Briartite, Beudantite
Ore deposit type Replacement deposits (skarns, mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Mo, Sn, Fe
Past production Ag: 5,500 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 270.000 g/t
Pb: 2,200,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 10.800 %
Reserves
Resources
GREECE Marameno GRC-00285

Commodities: U - Coal Long: 23.403 - Lat: 41.143
Mining Company
url
Ore deposit type Uraniferous coal and lignite deposits: U
Past production
Reserves Coal: 100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Coal, lignite (substance) @ (no data)
U: 3,500 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ (no data)
Resources U: 5,000 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ (no data)

GREECE Marlou GRC-00026

Commodities: PbZn Long: 24.568 - Lat: 40.694
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Anglesite, Arsenopyrite, Azurite, Cerussite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Galena,
Goethite, Hematite, Magnetite, Malachite, Marcasite, Plumbojarosite, Pyrite,
Smithsonite, Sphalerite, Melnicovite
Ore deposit type Replacement deposits (skarns, mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W, Mo, Sn, Fe
Past production
Reserves
Resources PbZn: 400,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead + Zinc (metal) @ 8.250 %
GREECE Milos (1) (Perl) GRC-00403

Commodities: Perl Long: 24.533 - Lat: 36.717
Mining Company Silver & Barytes Ores Mining (S & B); Kyriakopoulo
url
Past production
Reserves
Resources Perl: 100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Perlite (substance) @ (no data)

GREECE Molai GRC-00222

Commodities: Zn - Ag - Pb Long: 22.856 - Lat: 36.791
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Anglesite, Arsenopyrite, Bornite, Boulangerite, Cerussite, Chalcocite,
Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Grey copper, Diaphorite, Enargite, Famatinite, Freibergite,
Galena, Geocronite, Goethite, Hematite, Magnetite, Marcasite, Pyrargyrite, Pyrite,
Pyrrhotite, Smithsonite, Sphalerite, Stephanite, Seligmannite
Ore deposit type Phanerozoic-type volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) Zn-Pb-Cu deposits
(Kuroko): Zn, Pb, Cu, (Au, Ag, Sn, Sb, Bi)
Past production
Pb: 41,400 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.800 %
Zn: 207,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 9.000 %
Resources
GREECE Mykonos GRC-00177

Commodities: Brt - Ag - Pb Long: 25.436 - Lat: 37.542
Mining Company Mycobar (Subsidiary of Dresser Industries Inc.)
url
Mineralogy Arsenopyrite, Bismuthinite, Bornite, Bournonite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Digenite,
Galena, Geocronite, Marcasite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Semseyite,
Sphalerite, Tennantite, Tetrahedrite
Ore deposit type Atypical or unspecified ore deposits associated with acid and alkaline plutonic
rocks
Past production Brt: 2,250,000 t (1,000 kg)-Barite (BaSO4) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources

GREECE Naxos GRC-00197

Commodities: Abr Long: 25.536 - Lat: 37.123
Mining Company Icon Mining and Commercial Co.
url
Mineralogy Chloritoid, Corundum, Diaspore, Kyanite, Hematite, Magnetite, Margarite,
Staurolite
Past production
Reserves Abr: 15,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Abrasive minerals: garnet, staurolite (substance) @
(no data)
Resources
GREECE Nyssyros 1 GRC-00193

Commodities: S Long: 27.167 - Lat: 36.583
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Sulphur
Ore deposit type High-sulphidation solfatara: S, pyrite
Past production
Reserves S: 2,100,000 t (1,000 kg)-Sulphur (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
GREECE Pagonda GRC-00164

Mining Company LARCO S.A.
url www.larco.gr
Mineralogy Garnierite, Goethite, Goethite (limonite)
Past production Ni: 121,000 t (1,000 kg)-Nickel (metal) @ 1.100 %
Reserves Ni: 99,000 t (1,000 kg)-Nickel (metal) @ 1.100 %
Resources

GREECE Pendalofos GRC-00297

Commodities: Zlt Long: 26.155 - Lat: 41.655
Mining Company Silver and Baryte Ores Mining Co S.A.
url
Mineralogy Zeolite, Clinoptilolite
Past production
Reserves Zlt: 6,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zeolites (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
GREECE Perama Hill GRC-00263

Mining Company Frontier Pacific Mining Corp
url http://www.frontierpacific.com/perama.php
Status Deposit under development - project
Mineralogy Marcasite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite
Past production
GREECE Philippi GRC-00283

Commodities: Peat Long: 24.225 - Lat: 40.983
Mining Company
url
Ore deposit type Peat deposits
Past production
Reserves Peat: 980,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Peat (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

GREECE Pikridou GRC-00334

Commodities: Brt Long: 24.468 - Lat: 36.730
url
Mineralogy Barite
Past production
Resources
GREECE Provatas GRC-00206

url
Past production
Reserves Perl: 887,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Perlite (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
GREECE Skouries GRC-00060

Commodities: Au - Ag - Cu - Pd Long: 23.732 - Lat: 40.465
Mining Company Hellas Gold (European Goldfields Ltd)
url http://www.egoldfields.com/goldfields/projects.jsp?ref=6
Mineralogy Azurite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Hessite, Magnetite,
Malachite, Gold, Pyrite, Stromeyerite, Sylvanite, Tellurobismuthite, Merenskyite,
Cuprite, Arsenopyrite, Digenite, Electrum, Galena, Goethite, Hematite, Sphalerite,
Tetrahedrite
Past production
Resources

GREECE South Kavala GRC-00284

Commodities: Gas Long: 24.404 - Lat: 40.667
Mining Company North Aegean Petroleum Company
url
Ore deposit type Gas deposits: gas, (S)
Past production Gas: 435,000,000 km3-Gas (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
GREECE Trachylas GRC-00204

url
Past production
Resources
GREECE Tria Pigadia GRC-00307

Commodities: Qtz Long: 24.489 - Lat: 36.699
Mining Company Lava Mining and Quarrying Co. S.A.
url
Mineralogy Kaolin, Opal, Quartz
Past production
Reserves Qtz: 1,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Massive quartz, blocks for ferrosilicon (SiO2) @ (no
data)
Resources

GREECE Vryssakia GRC-00165

Mining Company LARCO S.A.
url www.larco.gr
Mineralogy Garnierite, Goethite, Goethite (limonite)
Resources
GREECE Zidani GRC-00110

Commodities: Asb Long: 21.900 - Lat: 40.050
Mining Company Hellenic Mineral Mining Co
url
Mineralogy Chrysotile (Clino-, Ortho-, Para-), Asbestos
Ore deposit type Asbestos, talc or magnesite deposits hosted by basic and ultrabasic rocks
Past production
Reserves Asb: 3,445,000 t (1,000 kg)-Asbestos (substance) @ 2.630 %
Resources

HUNGARY Eger HUN-00068

Commodities: LstC Long: 20.383 - Lat: 47.900
Mining Company OMYA Eger Kft
url
Mineralogy Carbonates
Past production LstC: 240,000 t (1,000 kg)-Cement limestone (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves LstC: 238,787,000 t (1,000 kg)-Cement limestone (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
HUNGARY Egyházaskeszô HUN-00059

Mining Company Bentonit Kft
url
Mineralogy Bentonite
Past production
Resources
HUNGARY Erdóbénye (Dtm) HUN-00073

Commodities: Dtm Long: 21.367 - Lat: 48.267
Mining Company Ediafilt Kft
url
Mineralogy Feldspar, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Silice
Past production Dtm: 3,000 t (1,000 kg)-Diatomite (kieselguhr) (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves Dtm: 1,767,000 t (1,000 kg)-Diatomite (kieselguhr) (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

HUNGARY Fehérvárcsurgó HUN-00015

Commodities: Silc Long: 18.267 - Lat: 47.300
Mining Company Uveg-Asvány Kft
url
Past production Silc: 660,000 t (1,000 kg)-Silica, silica sand (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves Silc: 43,110,000 t (1,000 kg)-Silica, silica sand (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
HUNGARY Felsöpetény HUN-00057

Commodities: ClyC Long: 19.200 - Lat: 47.883
Mining Company Agyag-Asvány Kft
url
Mineralogy Illite, Kaolinite
Past production ClyC: 18,000 t (1,000 kg)-Common clays for brick, tile (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves ClyC: 8,700,000 t (1,000 kg)-Common clays for brick, tile (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
HUNGARY Mád (kaolin) HUN-00060

Commodities: Bnt - Kln Long: 21.255 - Lat: 48.200
Mining Company Zeotrade Kft
url
Mineralogy Illite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Bentonite
Past production Bnt: 8,000 t (1,000 kg)-Bentonite (substance) @ (no data)
Kln: 10,000 t (1,000 kg)-Kaolin (substance) @ (no data)
Kln: 6,267,000 t (1,000 kg)-Kaolin (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

HUNGARY Mád Suba oldal HUN-00077

Mining Company Geoproduct Kft
url
Mineralogy Zeolite
Past production
Reserves Zlt: 944,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zeolites (substance) @ (no data)
Resources
HUNGARY Mecsek (U) HUN-00025

Commodities: U - Sc Long: 18.069 - Lat: 46.063
Mining Company Mecsek Ore Mining Enterprise
url www.wildhorse.com.au/documents/355.pdf
Reserves
Resources U: 11,000 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ 0.200 %
HUNGARY Rátka HUN-00076

Mining Company Zeortade Kft
url
Mineralogy Zeolite
Past production Zlt: 10,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zeolites (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves Zlt: 17,320,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zeolites (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

HUNGARY Recsk (Cu-Au-Pb-Zn) HUN-00039

Commodities: Cu - Ag - Au - Mo - Pb - Zn - Re Long: 20.053 - Lat: 47.947
Mining Company Magyar Mining
url http://www.mgsz.hu/english/
Mineralogy Bornite, Chalcopyrite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Sphalerite, Enargite, Gold,
Magnetite, Luzonite, Tetrahedrite, Tennantite, Re-molybdenite
Reserves
Resources Ag: 258 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 1.620 g/t
Pb: 570,960 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.560 %
Zn: 1,244,400 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 3.400 %
HUNGARY Recsk-Lahóca (Cu-Au) HUN-00026

Commodities: Au - Cu - Ag - Zn - Pb Long: 20.087 - Lat: 47.955
Mining Company Enargit Ltd.
url
Mineralogy Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Electrum, Emplectite, Enargite,
Famatinite, Galena, Luzonite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Wittichenite, Melnicovite
Zn: 1,817,400 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 3.780 %
Pb: 571,900 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.520 %
Reserves

HUNGARY Sárospatak (bentonite) HUN-00062

Mining Company OEA
url
Ore deposit type Unspecified ore deposit type
Past production
Resources

ITALY Cozzo Disi, Cozzodisi ITA-00096

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Sulphur
Ore deposit type Evaporite-related industrial rocks and minerals: attapulgite, gypsum, anhydrite,
magnesite, sulphur
Past production
Reserves
Resources S: 7,750,000 t (1,000 kg)-Sulphur (substance) @ 25.000 %
ITALY Gessolungo - Juncio ITA-00123

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Sulphur
magnesite, sulphur
Past production S: 5,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Sulphur (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
ITALY Le Forna (Isola di Ponza) ITA-00158

Commodities: Bnt - Perl Long: 12.970 - Lat: 41.910
Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves
Resources Bnt: 2,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Bentonite (substance) @ (no data)

ITALY Monte delle Fate (Prato del Casone) ITA-00192

Commodities: Fl Long: 12.050 - Lat: 42.067
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Fluorite, Stibnite, Cinnabar, Pyrolusite (Polianite)
Ore deposit type Shallow and surficial deposits: energy resources, precious and base metals,
industrial rocks and minerals, etc.
Past production Fl: 30,000 t (1,000 kg)-Fluorite (CaF2) @ (no data)
Reserves Fl: 10,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Fluorite (CaF2) @ 25.000 %
Resources Fl: 10,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Fluorite (CaF2) @ (no data)
ITALY Pianciano (Latium) ITA-00253

Commodities: Fl Long: 12.150 - Lat: 42.083
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Fluorite, Barite
Past production
Reserves Fl: 4,950,000 t (1,000 kg)-Fluorite (CaF2) @ 55.000 %
Resources Fl: 875,000 t (1,000 kg)-Fluorite (CaF2) @ 35.000 %
ITALY Prataroni - Case Ciotti ITA-00262

Commodities: Feld Long: 12.451 - Lat: 42.277
Mining Company
url
Status Mineral occurrence
Mineralogy Leucite
Past production
Reserves
Resources Feld: 75,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Feldspar, nepheline (substance) @ 25.000 %

ITALY Raibl (Cave del Predil) ITA-00269

Commodities: Zn - Pb - Ag - Ge Long: 13.633 - Lat: 46.450
Mining Company Samim SpA
url
Mineralogy Sphalerite, Galena, Pyrite, Ge-sphalerite, Marcasite
Ore deposit type Carbonate-hosted stratabound and vein Pb-Zn deposits (Mississipi Valley, MVT):
Pb, Zn, Ag, (Ba, F, Cd, U)
Past production Pb: 125,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.000 %
Zn: 600,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 5.000 %
Reserves
Zn: 90,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 5.000 %
ITALY Salafossa ITA-00294

Commodities: Zn - Pb - Ag - Ge Long: 12.667 - Lat: 46.517
Mining Company Pertusola SpA
url
Mineralogy Blende (Sphalerite), Galena, Pyrite, Marcasite, Ge-sphalerite
Ore deposit type Pb-Zn deposits (Mississipi Valley, MVT) enriched in Ge
Past production Pb: 45,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 0.900 %
Zn: 217,500 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 4.350 %
Reserves
Zn: 217,500 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 4.350 %

ITALY Sicilia, bacino centrale (Ptsh, Salt) ITA-00323

Commodities: Salt - Ptsh Long: 13.770 - Lat: 37.420
Mining Company
url
Status Producing province or district
Mineralogy Halite, Sylvite, Kaïnite, Polyhalite
Past production
Reserves Ptsh: 8,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Potash (sylvite, carnallite) (K20) @ 10.000 %
Salt: 90,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ 96.000 %
Resources Ptsh: 55,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Potash (sylvite, carnallite) (K20) @ 10.000 %
Salt: 1,585,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ 96.000 %
ITALY Sicilia, bacino centrale (S) ITA-00324

Mining Company
url
Status PROVINCE- DISTRICT
Mineralogy Sulphur
magnesite, sulphur
Past production
Reserves S: 3,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Sulphur (substance) @ (no data)
Resources S: 10,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Sulphur (substance) @ (no data)

MACEDONIA, THE Crna Tumba MKD-00057

FORMER YUGOSLAV
REPUBLIC OF
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Ni-Co oxide (unspecified), Iron Oxydes(unspecified)
Ore deposit type Residually enriched ore deposits: Fe, Mn, Ni-Co, Au, Pt, P, U, corundum, etc.
Past production
Reserves
Resources Ni: 750,000 t (1,000 kg)-Nickel (metal) @ 0.750 %
MACEDONIA, THE Lojane MKD-00002

FORMER YUGOSLAV
REPUBLIC OF
Commodities: Sb - As - Ni - U Long: 21.661 - Lat: 42.230
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Bravoite, Marcasite, Orpiment, Pitchblende (Uraninite), Pyrite, Realgar, Stibnite
Ore deposit type Vein ore hosted by basic and ultrabasic rocks: As, Sb
Past production
Reserves As: 50,000 t (1,000 kg)-Arsenic (metal) @ 5.000 %
Ni: (no data)-Nickel (metal) @ 0.300 %
Sb: 40,000 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ 4.000 %
Resources

MACEDONIA, THE Rzanovo MKD-00028

FORMER YUGOSLAV
REPUBLIC OF
Commodities: Ni - Fe Long: 21.978 - Lat: 41.171
Mining Company FENI Industries
url
Mineralogy Chromite, Goethite, Hematite, Goethite (limonite), Magnetite, Millerite, Trevorite,
Ni-Co oxide (unspecified), Iron Oxydes(unspecified)
Fe: 1,510,000 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ 30.200 %
Fe: 1,943,500 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ 29.900 %
Fe: 5,684,800 t (1,000 kg)-Iron (metal) @ 30.400 %

POLAND Basznia POL-00012

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Sulphur, Gypsum
magnesite, sulphur
Past production
Reserves
POLAND Belchatów (lignite) POL-00243

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves
POLAND Belchatow (salt) POL-00158

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves Salt: 500,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ (no data)
Resources

POLAND Bialaczów-Ossa POL-00077

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Ore deposit type Oolitic iron ore deposits (Clinton, Minette): Fe
Past production
Resources
POLAND Bytom (district) POL-00253

Commodities: Zn - Pb - Ag - Cd - As - Tl - Ge Long: 19.012 - Lat: 50.351
Mining Company State Owned Companies
url
Status Producing district
Exploitation type Room and pillar mining, room and pillar working (flat, inclined, step)
Mineralogy Sphalerite, Pyrite, Galena, Smithsonite, Marcasite
Past production Zn: 21,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ (no data)
Pb: 5,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources Zn: 10,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ (no data)
POLAND Chrzanów POL-00082

Commodities: PbZn - Cd - Ge Long: 19.433 - Lat: 50.179
Mining Company Trzebionka
url
Mineralogy Galena, Blende (Sphalerite), Pyrite, Cerussite, Smithsonite, Hemimorphite
(Calamine)
Past production PbZn: 3,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead + Zinc (metal) @ 5.000 %
Cd: 360 t (1,000 kg)-Cadmium (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves PbZn: 30,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead + Zinc (metal) @ (no data)
Resources

POLAND Czestochowa POL-00086

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite, Chamosite
Resources
POLAND Gierczyn POL-00088

Commodities: Sn - Co Long: 15.398 - Lat: 50.910
Mining Company
url http://www.pgi.gov.pl/mineral_resources/TIN.htm
Status Old small-scale mine, abandoned deposit
Mineralogy Sphalerite, Pyrite, Cassiterite, Quartz, Garnet, Kyanite
Ore deposit type Granitoid-controlled ore deposits: Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, W, Sb, gemstones
Past production
Reserves
Resources Sn: 22,550 t (1,000 kg)-Tin (metal) @ 0.410 %
POLAND Gostyn POL-00251

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves

POLAND Kamienicka Polska POL-00091

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Klobuck POL-00093

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Konrad (Lubin district) POL-00003

Commodities: Cu - Ag - Gp Long: 15.733 - Lat: 51.194
Mining Company KGHM Polska Miedz SA
url
Mineralogy Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Sphalerite, Pyrite, Galena, Tetrahedrite,
Loellingite, Garnierite, Silver, Smaltite, Cobaltite
Ore deposit type Kupferschiefer (or Cu shale) deposits: Cu, Co, (PGE, Ag, Au, U, etc)
Reserves
Resources Cu: 1,277,500 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.700 %

POLAND Leszczawka POL-00319

Commodities: Dtm Long: 22.333 - Lat: 49.700
Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves Dtm: 320,000 t (1,000 kg)-Diatomite (kieselguhr) (substance) @ (no data)
Resources Dtm: 1,040,000 t (1,000 kg)-Diatomite (kieselguhr) (substance) @ (no data)
POLAND Lubin (Lubin district) POL-00006

Commodities: Cu - Ag - Au - Pb Long: 16.159 - Lat: 51.442
Mining Company KGHM Polska Miedz SA (64% State of Poland)
url http://www.kghm.pl/index.dhtml?category_id=264&lang=en
Mineralogy Silver, Bornite, Chalcocite, Enargite, Galena, Sphalerite, Pyrite, Tetrahedrite,
Cobaltite, Smaltite, Loellingite, Digenite, Gersdorffite
Au: 1 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ 0.200
Pb: 28,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves Ag: 27,136 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 64.000 g/t
Resources Ag: 8,342 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 60.000 g/t

POLAND Nieklan POL-00104

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Olkusz POL-00045

Commodities: Zn - Cd - Pb - Ge Long: 19.528 - Lat: 50.286
Mining Company Zaklady Gornickze Hutnicze Boleslaw (St. of Poland
url
Mineralogy Galena, Blende (Sphalerite)
Past production Pb: 1,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ (no data)
Zn: 3,700,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ (no data)
Reserves Pb: 1,300,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ (no data)
Resources Zn: 3,200,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ (no data)
POLAND Parczew delta POL-00276

Commodities: Amb Long: 22.650 - Lat: 51.517
Mining Company
url http://www.pgi.gov.pl/mineral_resources/ambers.htm
Status DEPOSITS - PROSPECTS
Mineralogy Amber
Ore deposit type Modified paleoplacers: U, Au, diamond
Past production
Reserves
Resources Amb: 10 t (1,000 kg)-Amber @ (no data)

POLAND Polkowice (Lubin district) POL-00007

Commodities: Cu - Ag - Au - Ge - Re - Pd - Pt Long: 16.039 - Lat: 51.510
Mining Company KGHM Polska Miedz SA
url http://www.kghm.pl/en/firma05-2.php
Mineralogy Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Pyrite, Galena, Tetrahedrite, Sphalerite,
Enargite, Silver, Cobaltite, Smaltite, Loellingite, Polkovicite, Morozeviczite,
Marcasite, Tennantite, Digenite, Covellite, Gersdorffite, Clausthalite, Electrum
Au: (no data)-Gold (metal) @ 0.200
Pd: (no data)-Palladium (metal) @ 0.100
Pt: (no data)-Platinum (metal) @ 0.200
Resources Ag: 26,006,729 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 53.000 g/t
Cu: 11,021,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 1.990 %
POLAND Pomorzany POL-00051

Commodities: Zn - Cd - Pb - Ge Long: 19.498 - Lat: 50.327
Mining Company Zaklady Gornickze Hutnicze Boleslaw (St. of Poland
url
Mineralogy Blende (Sphalerite), Galena, Pyrite, Marcasite
Past production
Reserves Pb: 309,400 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.300 %
Zn: 999,600 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 4.200 %
Resources

POLAND Poniec-krobia POL-00241

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves
POLAND Poraj POL-00107

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Przysucha POL-00138

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources

POLAND Rudna (Lubin district) POL-00009

Commodities: Cu - Ag Long: 16.111 - Lat: 51.543
Mining Company KGHM Polska Miedz SA (64% State of Poland)
url http://www.kghm.pl/en/firma05-2.php
Mineralogy Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Galena, Tetrahedrite,
Enargite, Loellingite, Silver, Smaltite, Cobaltite
Past production Cu: 2,700,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 1.800 %
Resources Ag: 33,255,213 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ 42.000 g/t
Cu: 11,927,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 1.810 %
POLAND Rybnik-Zory POL-00159

Commodities: Gp - Salt Long: 18.533 - Lat: 50.050
Mining Company
url
Status Prospect under (downstream) evaluation
Mineralogy Gypsum
Past production
Reserves
Resources Gp: 2,000,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Gypsum, anhydrite (substance) @ (no data)
Salt: 2,100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ (no data)
POLAND Scinawa POL-00239

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves

POLAND Staporkow POL-00114

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Starachowice POL-00150

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Wurtzite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Tarnobrzeg POL-00460

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Sulphur
magnesite, sulphur
Past production
Reserves

POLAND Wieliczka-Barycz-Sulkow POL-00068

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Gypsum, Anhydrite, Halite
Past production
Reserves Salt: 11,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ (no data)
Resources Salt: 50,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Rock salt (NaCl) @ (no data)
POLAND Zarki POL-00129

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Siderite
Past production
Resources
POLAND Zloty Stok POL-00134

Commodities: As - Au Long: 16.847 - Lat: 50.429
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Pyrrhotite, Pentlandite, Magnetite, Chalcopyrite, Arsenopyrite, Loellingite, Pyrite,
Stibnite
Past production As: 6,000 t (1,000 kg)-Arsenic (metal) @ 3.570 %
Reserves As: 19,600 t (1,000 kg)-Arsenic (metal) @ 3.650 %

ROMANIA Baia Borsa ROM-00030

Commodities: Zn - Cu - Pb - Ag - Au Long: 24.801 - Lat: 47.706
Mining Company REMIN
url 1
Status Abandoned industrial mining district
Mineralogy Bournonite, Cassiterite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Jamesonite, Mispickel
(Arsenopyrite), Sphalerite, Stannite, Tetrahedrite
Ore deposit type Phanerozoic-type volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) Zn-Pb-Cu deposits
(Kuroko): Zn, Pb, Cu, (Au, Ag, Sn, Sb, Bi)
Past production
Reserves Zn: 414,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 2.300 %
Pb: 198,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 1.100 %
Resources
ROMANIA Baita Bihor (U) ROM-00233

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves

ROMANIA Bucium-Tarnita (porphyry copper) ROM-00092

Commodities: Cu - Au - Ag Long: 23.127 - Lat: 46.242
Mining Company Gabriel Resources
url http://www.gabrielresources.com/prj-bucium.htm
Status Prospect under (downstream) evaluation
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Pyrite
Past production
Reserves
Au: 38 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ (no data)
Ag: 72 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)
ROMANIA Holdita (U) ROM-00285

Mining Company
url
Status Unexploited deposit
Past production
Reserves
ROMANIA Musariu (Vechi & Nou) ROM-00086

Commodities: Au - Cu - Zn Long: 22.822 - Lat: 46.118
Mining Company Remin SA (100% Deva Complex, 100% E.M. Barza)
url 1
Mineralogy Arsenic, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Mispickel (Arsenopyrite), Gold, Pyrite, Sphalerite,
Tetrahedrite, Telluride, Bornite
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Reserves
Resources

ROMANIA Orasu Nou ROM-00156

Mining Company COMINEX Cluj
url 1
Mineralogy Chlorite, Cristobalite, Halloysite, Illite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite
Past production Bnt: 50,000 t (1,000 kg)-Bentonite (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources Bnt: 2,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Bentonite (substance) @ (no data)
ROMANIA Ostra-Gemenea ROM-00313

Commodities: Brt - Cu - Pb - Zn Long: 25.717 - Lat: 47.317
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Barite
Ore deposit type Brittle-fault related vein and silicified breccia ore deposits: Zn, Pb, Ag, Cu
("BPGC") and/or F, Ba
Past production Brt: 1,700,000 t (1,000 kg)-Barite (BaSO4) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
ROMANIA Rosia Montanà ROM-00095

Commodities: Au - Ag - Ge Long: 23.131 - Lat: 46.320
Mining Company Gabriel Resources
url http://www.gabrielresources.com/home.htm
Mineralogy Alabandite, Argentite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Marcasite, Mispickel (Arsenopyrite),
Gold, Pearceite, Polybasite, Proustite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Tetrahedrite, Argyrodite
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Past production Au: (no data)-Gold (metal) @ 0.600 g/t

ROMANIA Rosia Poieni ROM-00096

Commodities: Cu Long: 23.187 - Lat: 46.316
Mining Company Minvest SA
url 1
Mineralogy Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Covellite, Enargite, Galena, Molybdenite, Pyrite,
Sphalerite, Tetrahedrite, Argentite, Arsenopyrite, Gold, Hematite, Marcasite,
Proustite, Polybasite
Ore deposit type Porphyry copper deposits: Cu, (Mo, Se, Au, Ag)
Past production
Reserves Cu: 1,260,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.350 %
Resources
ROMANIA Sàcàrîmb ROM-00081

Commodities: Au - Ag - Te Long: 22.736 - Lat: 46.124
Mining Company European Goldfields (& Minvest)
url http://www.egoldfields.com/goldfields/projects.jsp?ref=8
Mineralogy Altaite, Bournonite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Hessite, Krennerite, Nagyagite, Gold,
Petzite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Stibnite, Sylvanite, Tetrahedrite, Frohbergite,
Marcasite, Arsenopyrite
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Reserves
Resources Au: 77 t (1,000 kg)-Gold (metal) @ 2.000

ROMANIA Suior ROM-00021

Commodities: Zn - Pb - Ag - Au Long: 23.821 - Lat: 47.704
Mining Company MAXMIN (75%Carpathian Gold Inc, 25% REMIN SA.)
url http://www.carpathiangold.com/site06/Default.aspx?tabid=69#
Mineralogy Silver, Arsenopyrite, Boulangerite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Gold, Sphalerite,
Tetrahedrite, Wurtzite
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Past production
Zn: 213,900 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 2.300 %
Resources
ROMANIA Tulghes ROM-00349

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves

SLOVAKIA Dubník - precious opal SVK-00048

Commodities: Opal Long: 21.480 - Lat: 48.920
Mining Company
url
Status Abandoned industrial mining district
Mineralogy Marcasite, Opal
Past production Opal: 2,000,000 ct-Opal, gemstone (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources
SLOVAKIA Dubrava (SVK) SVK-00004

Commodities: Sb - Au - As Long: 19.500 - Lat: 49.030
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Ankerite, Berthierite, Boulangerite, Bournonite, Chalcopyrite, Hematite,
Jamesonite, Molybdenite, Gold, Pyrite, Scheelite, Semseyite, Sphalerite,
Tetrahedrite, Zinkenite, Stibnite, Arsenopyrite
Ore deposit type Brittle-fault related ore deposits (very low grade metamorphic facies): Au and/or
Sb (Cu, As, Bi, Te, W, B, F, Sb, Hg, Ag)
Reserves
Resources
SLOVAKIA Gemerska Poloma ( Dlha Dolina) SVK-00005

Commodities: Tlc - Mg Long: 19.500 - Lat: 49.030
Mining Company Rozmin Ltd (Rima Ltd 49% - Gebrueder Doerfner & oe
url
Mineralogy Talc
Past production
Reserves Tlc: 28,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Talc (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

SLOVAKIA Jelsava (Dubravsky Masiv) SVK-00127

Commodities: Mg Long: 20.233 - Lat: 48.567
Mining Company
url
Exploitation type Open stoping
Mineralogy Apatite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Dolomite, Galena, Goethite, Hematite,
Palygorskite, Pyrite, Quartz, Rutile, Sericite, Sphalerite, Talc, Magnesite
(Giobertite)
Past production
Reserves Mg: 300,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Magnesium, magnesite (MgCO3) @ (no data)
Resources
SLOVAKIA Kremnica SVK-00008

Mining Company Tournigan Gold
url http://www.tournigan.com/s/Kremnica.asp
Status Old mining district
Mineralogy Altaite, Arsenopyrite, Chalcopyrite, Electrum, Galena, Gold, Polybasite, Pyrite,
Sphalerite, Tetrahedrite, Stibiconite
Ore deposit type Porphyry and porphyry-related ore deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn, Ag, (W, Pb, Zn, etc.)
Past production Ag: 208 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)
Resources Ag: 18 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)

SLOVAKIA Pezinok 3 - Kolarsky vrch Hill SVK-00055

Commodities: Sb - Au - As Long: 17.220 - Lat: 48.320
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Arsenopyrite, Berthierite, Chalcopyrite, Gudmundite, Kermesite, Loellingite, Pyrite,
Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Reserves
Resources
SLOVAKIA Pezinok 5 -Trojarova SVK-00056

Commodities: Sb - As - Au Long: 17.170 - Lat: 48.350
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Arsenopyrite, Berthierite, Gudmundite
Past production
Reserves
Sb: 39,000 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ (no data)

SLOVENIA Idrija SVN-00007

Commodities: Hg Long: 14.011 - Lat: 46.002
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Cinnabar, Marcasite, Mercury, Orpiment, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Metacinnabar
Past production Hg: 147,000 t (1,000 kg)-Mercury (metal) @ 0.900 %
Reserves
Resources
SLOVENIA Mezica SVN-00003

Commodities: Pb - Mo - Zn - Ge Long: 14.839 - Lat: 46.482
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Anglesite, Arsenopyrite, Cerussite, Descloizite, Galena, Greenockite,
Hydrozincite, Marcasite, Pyrite, Smithsonite, Sphalerite, Wulfenite, Wurtzite, Ge-
sphalerite
Past production Mo: 400 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ (no data)
Pb: 490,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 3.500 %
Zn: 280,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 2.000 %
Reserves
Resources

SLOVENIA Zirovski Vrh SVN-00001

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Arsenopyrite, Chalcopyrite, Coffinite, Galena, Pitchblende (Uraninite), Pyrite,
Sphalerite, Tennantite, Uranopilite
Past production U: (no data)-Uranium (metal) @ 0.140 %
Reserves U: 5,000 t (1,000 kg)-Uranium (metal) @ (no data)
Resources

TURKEY Basoren (Bnt) TUR-00808

Mining Company ESAN
url
Status Producing small-scale mine
Past production
Resources
TURKEY Bigadic TUR-00556

Commodities: Bor Long: 28.156 - Lat: 39.417
Mining Company Eti Bor - Eti Holding A.S.
url http://www.etiholding.gov.tr
Mineralogy Colemanite, Ulexite, Howlite, Hydroboracite
Ore deposit type Lacustrine deposits (sebkha, salar, alkaline lake): Li, B, (Na, Mg, Ca, nitrates,
sulphates, etc.)
Past production
Reserves
Resources Bor: 143,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Borates (B2O3) @ (no data)
TURKEY Caldag (Ni-Co) TUR-00832

Commodities: Ni - Co Long: 27.767 - Lat: 38.617
Mining Company European Nickel
url
Past production
Reserves
Co: 19,000 t (1,000 kg)-Cobalt (metal) @ 0.050 %

TURKEY Cumaovasi TUR-00818

Mining Company Etibank
url
Past production
Resources
TURKEY Efemcukuru TUR-00129

Commodities: Au Long: 27.000 - Lat: 38.307
Mining Company Tüprag (Eldorado Gold Corp.)
url http://eldoradogold.com
Mineralogy Pyrite, Pyrrhotite, Chalcopyrite, Sphalerite, Galena, Gold
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Past production
TURKEY Emet district TUR-00557

Mineralogy Colemanite, Ulexite, Hydroboracite, Realgar, Orpiment
sulphates, etc.)
Past production
Reserves Bor: 44,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Borates (B2O3) @ 46.000 %
Resources

TURKEY Kestelek TUR-00554

Mineralogy Colemanite, Ulexite
sulphates, etc.)
Past production
Reserves
Resources Bor: 100,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Borates (B2O3) @ (no data)
TURKEY Kirka TUR-00561

Mineralogy Ulexite, Colemanite, Hydroboracite
sulphates, etc.)
Past production
Reserves Bor: 131,250,000 t (1,000 kg)-Borates (B2O3) @ 25.000 %
Resources
TURKEY Kisladag TUR-00184

Commodities: Au - Cu Long: 29.105 - Lat: 38.492
Mining Company Tüprag (Eldorado Gold Corp.)
url http://eldoradogold.com
Mineralogy Pyrite, Molybdenite, Sphalerite, Galena, Chalcopyrite, Goethite (limonite)
Past production

TURKEY Ovacik TUR-00729

Mining Company Koza Gold Co
url
Mineralogy Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Covellite,
Galena, Electrum
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
TURKEY Uludag TUR-00693

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Scheelite, Wolframite, Sphalerite, Pyrite, Magnetite, Chalcopyrite
Ore deposit type W (scheelite) - Mo skarns: W, (Mo)
Past production
Resources
TURKEY Yatagan (Cal) TUR-00330

Commodities: Cal Long: 28.142 - Lat: 37.337
Mining Company Akmaden
url
Mineralogy Calcite
Past production
Reserves Cal: 36,800,000 t (1,000 kg)-Calcite, filler for paper (CaCO3) @ (no data)
Resources

UKRAINE Beregovo (including Muzievo and Kvasovo) UKR-00045

Commodities: Au - Ag - Pb - Zn Long: 22.610 - Lat: 48.185
Mining Company
url
(Hg, As, Mn, Tl)
Past production
Reserves
Ag: 4,500 t (1,000 kg)-Silver (metal) @ (no data)
UKRAINE Irshansk UKR-00026

Commodities: Ti - Zr - HM Long: 28.483 - Lat: 50.750
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Ilmenite, Rutile, Zircon
Ore deposit type Modern placers, deposits associated with tillites, etc.: Au, Pt, Sn,Ti, REE,
diamond, gemstones, (Zr, etc.)
Past production
Reserves
Resources Ti: 10,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Titanium, general (TiO2) @ (no data)

UKRAINE Zaval'e UKR-00040

Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Graphite
Past production
Reserves
Resources Gr: 1,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Graphite (substance) @ (no data)

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Bare YUG-00155

Republic of Yugoslavia)
Commodities: Kln Long: 20.500 - Lat: 44.325
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Kaolinite, Halloysite, Illite, Vermiculite
Ore deposit type Supergene industrial rock and mineral deposits: clays, kaolin, silica sand, etc.
Past production
Reserves
Resources Kln: 23,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Kaolin (substance) @ 23.000 %
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Bor YUG-00061

Commodities: Cu - Au - Ag - Pltd - Ge Long: 22.094 - Lat: 44.095
Mining Company Rudarsko Topionicarski Basen BOR
url
Mineralogy Enargite, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Covellite, Molybdenite,
Magnetite, Pyrrhotite, Galena, Sphalerite, Grey copper, Luzonite, Tennantite,
Germanite, Ge-colusite
Ore deposit type High-sulphidation epithermal massive-enargite (gold) sulphide deposits: Cu, (As,
Au)
Reserves
Resources

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Borska Reka YUG-00134

Commodities: Cu - Au - Ag - Mo Long: 22.088 - Lat: 44.082
url
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Magnetite, Telluride, Molybdenite, Chalcocite, Covellite,
Bornite
Past production
Mo: 11,456 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ 35.800 ct/t
Mo: 8,413 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ 35.800 ct/t
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Cerovo YUG-00124

Commodities: Cu - Au Long: 22.038 - Lat: 44.178
url
Mineralogy Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Chalcocite
Past production
Reserves Cu: 912,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.380 %
Resources Cu: 304,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.380 %

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Cikatovo YUG-00027

Commodities: Ni - Co Long: 20.903 - Lat: 42.656
Mining Company Ferronikeli
url
Mineralogy Saponite, Nontronite, Garnierite, Goethite, Goethite (limonite), Wad, Psilomelane
Co: (no data)-Cobalt (metal) @ 0.070 %
Resources
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Dobro Selo YUG-00034

Mining Company Elektroprivreda Kosova
url
Past production Coal: 79,500,000 t (1,000 kg)-Coal, lignite (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Dukagjini Lignite Basin YUG-00283

Mining Company
url
Past production
Reserves

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Dumitru Potok YUG-00123

Commodities: Cu Long: 21.931 - Lat: 44.201
url
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Magnetite, Molybdenite, Galena, Sphalerite
Ore deposit type Porphyry copper deposits: Cu, (Mo, Se, Au, Ag)
Past production
Reserves
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Kosovo coal basin YUG-00249

Mining Company
url
Status Producing province
Past production Coal: 265,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Coal, lignite (substance) @ (no data)
Reserves
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Mackatica YUG-00087

Commodities: Mo - Re Long: 22.217 - Lat: 42.747
Mining Company
url
Mineralogy Molybdenite, Pyrite, Hematite, Chalcopyrite, Sphalerite, Galena, Hübnerite
Ore deposit type Porphyry Cu-Mo and Mo deposits: Cu, Mo, (W, U, Re)
Past production
Reserves
Resources Mo: 141,180 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ 0.078 %
Re: 43 t (1,000 kg)-Rhenium (metal) @ (no data)

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Majdanpek YUG-00058

Commodities: Cu - Mo - Ag - Au - PbZn - Py - Pltd - Re Long: 21.950 - Lat: 44.376
- Se - Te
url
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Molybdenite, Telluride, Gold, Pyrite, Magnetite, Tellurite,
Stannite, Re-molybdenite, Arsenopyrite, Bismuth, Enargite, Galena, Marcasite,
Pyrrhotite, Sphalerite, Tetrahedrite, Tennantite
Reserves Cu: 818,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.326 %
PbZn: 83,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead + Zinc (metal) @ 4.600 %
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Niksic 1 YUG-00005

Commodities: Al Long: 18.914 - Lat: 42.838
Mining Company Rudnici Boksita Niksic
url
Mineralogy Boehmite
Ore deposit type Bauxite and Al-rich rocks deposits (karst, laterite and Tikhvinsk types): Al, (Fe,
Ga)
Past production Al: 120,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Aluminium (Bauxite ore) @ (no data)
Reserves
Resources

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Rajiceva Gora YUG-00110

Commodities: Sb - PbZn - As - Au Long: 20.929 - Lat: 43.156
Mining Company Zajaca - Rudarsko - Topionicarski Basen
url
Mineralogy Stibnite, Galena, Sphalerite, Realgar, Pyrite, Marcasite, Arsenopyrite, Pyrrhotite,
Bravoite, Bournonite, Boulangerite, Jamesonite, Grey copper, Chalcopyrite,
Millerite, Orpiment, Cinnabar, Gold
Past production
Reserves PbZn: 15,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead + Zinc (metal) @ 0.500 %
Sb: 33,600 t (1,000 kg)-Antimony (metal) @ 1.120 %
Resources
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Trepça - Stari Trg YUG-00023

Commodities: Zn - Pb - Cd - Ag - Bi - Au - Sb - In - Ge Long: 20.917 - Lat: 42.938
- Ga - Tl - Se - Te
Mining Company TREPCA Mining and Metallurgical Complex
url
Mineralogy Galena, Sphalerite, Pyrrhotite, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Arsenopyrite, Stibnite,
Jamesonite, Boulangerite, Magnetite, Scheelite, Cubanite, Bismuth, Anglesite,
Bornite, Bournonite, Cerussite, Chalcanthite, Chalcophanite, Childrenite,
Coronadite, Cosalite, Crandallite, Covellite, Enargite, Gold, Hematite, Native In,
Goethite (limonite), Ludlamite, Loellingite, Marcasite, Melanterite, Melnicovite,
Plumosite, Psilomelane, Pyrargyrite, Smithsonite, Stannite, Tennantite,
Tetrahedrite, Valleriite, Vivianite, In-sphalerite, Johannsenite
Ore deposit type Pb-Zn-Ag skarns and stratiform mantos: Pb, Zn, Ag, (Au)
Past production Pb: 2,066,000 t (1,000 kg)-Lead (metal) @ 6.000 %
Zn: 1,371,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 4.000 %
Cd: 1,655 t (1,000 kg)-Cadmium (metal) @ (no data)
Bi: 4,115 t (1,000 kg)-Bismuth (metal) @ 102.000 g/t
Zn: 670,000 t (1,000 kg)-Zinc (metal) @ 2.300 %
Resources

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Veliki Krivelj YUG-00076

Commodities: Cu - Mo - Ag - Au - Re - Se - Pltd Long: 22.097 - Lat: 44.131
Mining Company Rudarsko Topionicarski Basen (RTB) BOR
url
Mineralogy Chalcopyrite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Magnetite, Scheelite, Fluorite, Chalcocite,
Covellite, Cubanite, Enargite, Galena, Hematite, Pyrrhotite
Mo: 2,000 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ (no data)
Mo: 120,000 t (1,000 kg)-Molybdenum (metal) @ (no data)
Resources Cu: 335,000 t (1,000 kg)-Copper (metal) @ 0.335 %
YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Vrelo YUG-00229

Commodities: Asb Long: 21.250 - Lat: 43.057
Mining Company Drvna industrija KOPAONIK - Kursumlija
url
Ore deposit type Unspecified ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks
Past production
Reserves Asb: 15,000,000 t (1,000 kg)-Asbestos (substance) @ (no data)
Resources

YUGOSLAVIA (Federal Zajaca YUG-00044

Commodities: Sb Long: 19.248 - Lat: 44.464
Mining Company Zajaca - Rudarsko - Topionicarski Basen
url
Exploitation type Sublevel stoping
Mineralogy Stibnite, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Cervantite, Valentinite, Senarmontite
Ore deposit type Vein and disseminated Sb deposits: Sb, Hg, As, (Au, Tl)
Reserves
Resources

Appendix 5
List of the 135 mining districts with their major

characteristics. Ranking by country

Com. Applied Com. Com. Com.
ID. District name Pot.1 Pot. 2 Pot. 3 Pot. 4 District type District sub-type
1 unit 2 3 4
Ore deposits related to Ore deposits of basic to

ALB-
Internal Albanides Cr 6,020,000 t (1,000 kg) Cu 1,119,781 Ni 770,000 Co 0 basic-ultrabasic ultrabasic affinity: Hg, Sb, As,
0001-D
magmatic rocks (Co, Ni, Au, Ag, Cu, Zn)
ALB- Tirana-Durres Basin ; Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Coal - t (1,000 kg)
0002-D External Albanides - Coal sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
ALB- External Albanides -

Phos - t (1,000 kg)
0003-D Phosphate
Pogradec & Korse-Ersek

ALB- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Basins ; External Albanides Coal - t (1,000 kg)
0004-D sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
- Coal
ALB- Memaliaj Basin ; External Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal - t (1,000 kg)
0005-D Albanides - Coal sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
AUT- Bezirk Süd-Böhmische Industrial rocks and minerals related to sedimentary or

Fe - t (1,000 kg)
0001-D Granite metamorphic rocks
AUT- Industrial rocks and minerals related to sedimentary or

Northern Calcareous Alps Gp 144,544 t (1,000 kg) Salt - Fe 330,800,000 Mn 3,750,000
0002-D metamorphic rocks
Grauwacken zone -
AUT-
Mitterberg-Mühlbach- Cu 84,000 t (1,000 kg) Fe 336,550,000 Mg 210,000 Py - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0003-D
Larzenbach
AUT- Pennine zone - Hohe

W 76,000 t (1,000 kg) Sb 580,000 Au - Cu - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0004-D Tauern - Felbertal
AUT- Eisen-(Kupfer-)Erzbezirk
Fe 336,550,000 t (1,000 kg) Ag - PbZn - U - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0005-D Norische Decke - Erzberg
AUT- South Alps & Drauzug -

Pb 136,500 t (1,000 kg) PbZn 70,000 Hg - Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks
0006-D Bleiberg
163
164
AUT- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Western Molasse Zone Coal 1,853,632 t (1,000 kg)
AUT- Triassic Calcareous Alps Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal 184 t (1,000 kg)
0008-D (coal) sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
AUT- Triassic Calcareous Alps Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal - t (1,000 kg) -
0009-D (lignite) sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)

Tauchen - Brennberger Coal 152,163 t (1,000 kg)
AUT- Eisenerzbezirk Landseer

Fe - t (1,000 kg)
0011-D Bucht
AUT-
Sideritbezirk Hüttenberg Fe 2,675,000 t (1,000 kg)
0012-D
AUT- Molasse und Inneralpine

Gas - km3 Petr 1,087,495
0013-D Tertiary basins
Molasse und Inneralpine

Tertiary basins - Wiener Petr 4,900,000 m3 -
Becken
Molasse und Inneralpine

Tertiary basins - Wiener Gas - km3 Petr 23,900,000
Becken
AUT- Northern Calcareous Alps -

Gp 144,544 t (1,000 kg) Salt -
0016-D Gypsum (Salt)
BGR- Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow

Panagjurishte district Cu 4,312,229 t (1,000 kg) Au 503 Mo 31,226 Ag 534
0001-D intrusions
BGR- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Sofia ore district Fe 115,500,000 t (1,000 kg) Mn 69,071 Brt 12,647,400 Pb 124,800

0002-D deposits

Yambol district Fe 3,611,053 t (1,000 kg) Cu 646,847 Mo 12,075 Au -
0003-D intrusions
Burgas district Cu 125,000 t (1,000 kg) Fe 210,425 Co - Mo 161
0004-D intrusions
Ore deposits related to Unspecified ore deposits related

BGR-
Malko Tîrnovo district Cu - t (1,000 kg) Fe - Mo - W - volcanic systems and to volcanic systems and shallow
0005-D
shallow intrusions intrusives
BGR- Belogradtchik-Chiprovtsi-
Au - t (1,000 kg) Cu - Mo - Ag -
0006-D Martinovo district
BGR- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Sedmochislenitsi district Pb 118,503 t (1,000 kg) Zn 77,470 Cu 8,517 Ag 930
0007-D deposits
BGR-
Osogovo district Pb - t (1,000 kg) Zn - Ag - Fe -
0008-D

BGR-
Central Rhodope ore district Pb 3,528,263 t (1,000 kg) Zn 2,989,640 Ag 4,000 Cu 280,440
0009-D

Eastern Rhodope Au 14 t (1,000 kg) Pb 136,627 Zn 71,003
0010-D intrusions
BGR-
Pirin district W 94,696 t (1,000 kg) Mo - Bi - Pb - Ore deposits in an acid and alkaline plutonic context
0011-D
BGR-
Kraishtide district Au 11 t (1,000 kg) Brt - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0012-D
BGR- Varna Manganese ore

Mn 17,117,226 t (1,000 kg)
0013-D district
BIH- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Vares district Fe 90,000,000 t (1,000 kg) PbZn 270,000 Brt 1,500,000
0001-D deposits
BIH- Mid Bosnian Schist

PbZn - t (1,000 kg) Sb - Gp - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0002-D Mountains
BIH- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Banija-Krajina Fe 590,600,000 t (1,000 kg) Brt -
0003-D deposits
165
166
BIH- Drina district (extension into
Ag - t (1,000 kg) PbZn - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0004-D Bosnia)
BIH-
Herzegovina Al 75,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Supergene ore deposits
0005-D
CZE- Silesian (East Sudeten) - Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Cu - t (1,000 kg) Pb - Zn - Au -
0001-D Zlaté Hory deposits
CZE-
Jílové zone Au 167 t (1,000 kg) Ag - W - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0002-D
CZE-
NE Bohemia U 12,095 t (1,000 kg) Sn - W - Ag - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0003-D
CZE- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Upper Silesian Basin Coal - t (1,000 kg)

Intrasudeten Basin Coal - t (1,000 kg)
CZE- Central Bohemian Basin, Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal 223,000,000 t (1,000 kg)
0006-D Plzen and Radnice Basin sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)

North Bohemian Basin Coal - t (1,000 kg)

Cheb and Sokolov Basins Coal - t (1,000 kg)

South Bohemian Basin Coal - t (1,000 kg)

Vienna Basin Coal - t (1,000 kg)

CZE- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore
Kutná Hora Cu - t (1,000 kg) PbZn - Ag -
0011-D deposits
CZE- Bohemian Cretaceous U 13,206 t (1,000 kg) Ore deposits related to Sedimentary uranium deposits:
0012-D Basin sedimentary rocks U, (V, Mo, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As)
Fault-related syn- to late-

CZE- Syn- to late-orogenic
Rozná - Zadni Chodov U 19,277 t (1,000 kg) orogenic ore deposits : Au, Zn,
0013-D ore deposits
As, Sb, Cu, Ni, Co
CZE- Vienna Basin and Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Petr 30,000,000 m3
0014-D Carpathian Foredeep sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)

South Moravian Region Gas - km3

North Moravian Region Gas - km3
GRC- Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow

South Rhodope Au 65 t (1,000 kg) Ag - Mn 4,000 PbZn 500,000

0001-D intrusions
Ore deposits in an acid Porphyry and porphyry-related

GRC-
Thessaloniki - Chalkidiki Au 314 t (1,000 kg) Pb 659,500 Zn 875,000 Cu 1,218,900 and alkaline plutonic ore deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn,
0002-D
context Ag, (W, Pb, Zn, etc.)
GRC- Kozanis-Domokos-
Cr 2,459,500 t (1,000 kg) Ni 1,199,000 Mg 9,000,000 Cu 19,275 Ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks
0003-D Larymna-Ermioni
GRC-
Attica-Cyclades Ag 16,500 t (1,000 kg) Pb 6,600,000 Fe 13,092,025 Au - Ore deposits in an acid and alkaline plutonic context
0004-D
GRC- Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow

South Aegean volcanic belt Au 33 t (1,000 kg) Ag 215 Brt 1,624,000 Perl 1.07E+09
0005-D intrusions
GRC-
Parnassus Al 140,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Supergene ore deposits
0006-D
GRC- Industrial rocks and minerals related to sedimentary or

Western Greece Phos 2,400,000 t (1,000 kg)
GRC- Industrial rocks and minerals related to sedimentary or

Western Greece Mn - t (1,000 kg)
HRV- Banija Krajina (extension Brt - t (1,000 kg) Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore
167
168
0001-D into Croatia) deposits
HRV-
Coastal bauxite zone Al 2,011,500 t (1,000 kg) Supergene ore deposits
0002-D
HUN-
Mecsek mountain Cu - t (1,000 kg) Unspecified ore deposit type
0001-D
Residually enriched ore deposits:

HUN- Supergene ore
Bakony-Piliscsaba Al 61,650,000 t (1,000 kg) Fe, Mn, Ni-Co, Au, Pt, P, U,
0002-D deposits
corundum, etc.
HUN- Ore deposits related to Fe and Mn sedimentary

Mecsek-Pécs-Komlo Fe 18,000 t (1,000 kg) Mn -
0003-D sedimentary rocks deposits: Fe, Mn

Rudabánya-Martonyi Fe 19,180,000 t (1,000 kg) Mn -

Nogrod-Borzsony Fe - t (1,000 kg) Mn -
HUN-
Úrkút-Eplény Mn 9,360,000 t (1,000 kg)
0006-D
HUN- Ore deposits related to Sedimentary uranium deposits:

Litér Kisörspuszta Cu - t (1,000 kg) U - PbZn -
0007-D sedimentary rocks U, (V, Mo, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As)
Ore deposits related to High-sulphidation (acid-sulphate)

HUN-
Tokaj Mountains Au 5 t (1,000 kg) PbZn - Ag - Sb - volcanic systems and epithermal deposits: Au, Cu, (Hg,
0008-D
shallow intrusions As, S)

HUN- Börzsöny Mountains -
Pb - t (1,000 kg) Zn - Ag - Au - volcanic systems and to volcanic systems and shallow
0009-D Nógród

HUN- Velence Mountains /
Pb 1,170 t (1,000 kg) Cu - Ag 1 Mo - volcanic systems and to volcanic systems and shallow
0010-D Köszárhegy

HUN- Ore deposits related to Unspecified ore deposits related

Matra Mountains Cu 1,835,000 t (1,000 kg) Zn 1,244,400 Pb 570,960 Ag 258
0011-D volcanic systems and to volcanic systems and shallow
HUN- Great plain (Eastern and Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Petr 160,281,000 m3 Gas 343
0012-D Southern) sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
HUN- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Zala basin Petr 107,153,000 m3 Gas 11
HUN- Nógrád- Egercsehi-Ozd- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Coal 76,600,000 t (1,000 kg)
0014-D Borsod sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
HUN- Eger - Northern Great Plain Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal 2.96E+09 t (1,000 kg)
0015-D (lignite) sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
HUN- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Tatabánya-Dorog-Gerecse Coal 621,100,000 t (1,000 kg)

HUN- Mecsek Mountains - Pécs- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal 625,800,000 t (1,000 kg)
0017-D Vasas-Komló sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
SW extension of Osogovo-
MKD- Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow
Blagodat district (Serbia Au 37 t (1,000 kg) Ag 105 Cu 459,400 Pb 1,250,085
0001-D intrusions
and Bulgaria)
MKD-
Rzanovo district Ni 1,060,415 t (1,000 kg) Fe 9,215,700 Cr - Supergene ore deposits
0002-D
MKD- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Western Macedonia Fe 45,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Mn -
0003-D deposits
POL-
Fore-sudetic district Ag 18,948 t (1,000 kg) Cu 13,527,600 Co - PbZn - Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks
0001-D
POL- North Sudetic copper

Cu 451,165 t (1,000 kg) Ag - Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks
0002-D district
POL- Upper Silesia Zinc/Lead

Zn 13,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Pb 4,200,000 Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks
0003-D district
POL- Upper Silesia Coal Basin Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal 2.62E+11 t (1,000 kg)
0004-D (Górnoslaskie Zaglebie sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
169
170
Weglowe - GZW)
ROM- Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow

South Apuseni Mts. Au 547 t (1,000 kg) Ag 1,798 Cu 2,936,440 Pb 6,750
0001-D intrusions
ROM-
Au - t (1,000 kg)
0002-D
Low-sulphidation (adularia -
Ore deposits related to
ROM- sericite) epithermal deposits: Au,
Oash-Gutâi-Tibles Pb 327,300 t (1,000 kg) Zn 500,675 Au 42 Cu 27,600 volcanic systems and
0003-D Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, (Hg, As, Mn,
shallow intrusions
Tl)

North Apuseni Mts. Pb 21,230 t (1,000 kg) Zn 34,650 Cu 9,295 Au 1
0004-D intrusions
ROM- Poiana Ruscà - Banat Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow
Cu 1,200,400 t (1,000 kg) Au 3 Pb 9,800 Zn 9,800
0005-D district intrusions
ROM- East Carpathians Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

Pb 198,000 t (1,000 kg) Zn 446,500 Cu 131,500 Au 10
0006-D polymetallic belt deposits
ROM-
North Poiana Ruscà district Pb - t (1,000 kg) Zn 30,600 Cu 3,000 Au -
0007-D
ROM-
Rodna Mts. Pb - t (1,000 kg) Zn - Cu - PbZn -
0008-D

Càlimani-Gurghiu-Hàrghita Cu - t (1,000 kg) Mo - Au - Kln -
0009-D intrusions
ROM- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Valea Jiuliu (Jiu Valley) Coal - t (1,000 kg)
ROM- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Sub-Carpathian Hills Coal - t (1,000 kg)

ROM- Southern Carpathian Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
Coal - t (1,000 kg)
0012-D Mountains - Banat Basin sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
ROM- Southern Carpathian Coal - t (1,000 kg) Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,
0013-D Mountains sedimentary rocks hydrocarbons, (U, S)
ROM-
Tirgu Mures gas field Gas - km3
0014-D
ROM-
Pitesti - Ptolesti oil field Petr - m3
0015-D
Ore deposits related to High-sulphidation (acid-sulphate)

SVK-
Banska-Slavica Au 165 t (1,000 kg) Ag 3,315 Cu 130,400 Zn 96,600 volcanic systems and epithermal deposits: Au, Cu, (Hg,
0001-D
shallow intrusions As, S)
SVK-
Zlata Bana Pb 22,700 t (1,000 kg) Zn 58,000 Cu - Ag 65
0002-D

SVK- Vihorlat Mountains- Morske

Cu - t (1,000 kg) Mo - Zn - Pb - volcanic systems and to volcanic systems and shallow
0003-D oko
Volcano-sedimentary Volcanogenic massive sulphides

SVK- Spissko-gemerské
Cu 22,140 t (1,000 kg) Ag 620 Fe - Bi - and sedimentary- (VMS) deposits: Cu, Pb, Zn +/-
0004-D rudohorie Mts
exhalative ore deposits Au-Ag, (Sn, S, As, Cd, Bi, etc.)
SVN-
XX Ag - t (1,000 kg) Au - Pb - Zn -
0001-D
SVN-
North Slovenia Pb 1,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Zn 200,000 Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks
0002-D
SVN-
Skofija Loka U 5,000 t (1,000 kg) Cu 23,300 Ore deposits related to sedimentary rocks
0003-D
SVN-
Sava folds Pb 50,000 t (1,000 kg) Zn - Ag 1 Cu - Syn- to late-orogenic ore deposits
0004-D
Ore deposits related to Sediment-hosted ore deposits

SVN-
Idrija Hg 147,000 t (1,000 kg) volcanic systems and related to shallow intrusions: Au,
0005-D
shallow intrusions Ag, Hg, Sb, As
SVN-
Coastal bauxite zone Al - t (1,000 kg) Supergene ore deposits
0006-D
171
172
TUR- Ore deposits related to volcanic systems and shallow
Biga Peninsula Pb 400,000 t (1,000 kg) Ag 1,000 Fe 10,698,700 Au 22
0001-D intrusions
TUR-
Edirne-Istanbul-Sakarya Cu 540,000 t (1,000 kg) Mn - Fe 21,000,000 As - Ore deposits in an acid and alkaline plutonic context
0002-D

Izmir-Bergama-Balikesir Au 86 t (1,000 kg) Hg 1,076 Sb - Fe 2,373,900
0003-D intrusions
TUR-
Bursa-Tavsanli Cr 1,266,750 t (1,000 kg) PbZn - Mo 3,200 W 75,000 Ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks
0004-D

Menderes massif Au 389 t (1,000 kg) Hg 4,021 Sb - Pb -
0005-D intrusions
TUR-
Lycian Taurides Cr 660,200 t (1,000 kg) Pb - Mn 9,000,000 Al - Ore deposits related to basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks
0006-D
Ore deposits in an acid Replacement deposits (skarns,

YUG-
Kopaonik district Cr 6,020,000 t (1,000 kg) Zn 2,920,100 Ni 650,000 Bi 4,115 and alkaline plutonic mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W,
0001-D
context Mo, Sn, Fe
Low-sulphidation (adularia -
Ore deposits related to
YUG- sericite) epithermal deposits: Au,
Lece district Au 10 t (1,000 kg) Ag 252 PbZn - Cu - volcanic systems and
0002-D Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, (Hg, As, Mn,
shallow intrusions
Tl)

YUG-
Osogovo - Blagodat district Pb 180,900 t (1,000 kg) Zn 175,350 Mo 100,000 Cu 8,800 and alkaline plutonic mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W,
0003-D
context Mo, Sn, Fe

YUG-
Sumadija district Pb 411,618 t (1,000 kg) Zn 267,500 Ag 547 Cu 40,800 and alkaline plutonic mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W,
0004-D
context Mo, Sn, Fe

YUG-
Drina - Podrinje district Sb 90,000 t (1,000 kg) PbZn - Fe - Fl 66,250 and alkaline plutonic mantos): Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, W,

0005-D
context Mo, Sn, Fe
YUG- Ridanj - Krepoljin district PbZn - t (1,000 kg) Ag - Cu - Fe - Ore deposits in an acid Porphyry and porphyry-related
0006-D and alkaline plutonic ore deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn,
Ore deposits in an acid Porphyry and porphyry-related

YUG- Timoc (Bor) Magmatic
Cu 15,439,000 t (1,000 kg) Au 633 Ag 3,862 Pltd - and alkaline plutonic ore deposits: Cu, Au, Mo, Sn,
0007-D Complex district
Residually enriched ore deposits:

YUG- Drenica - Dobrosevac Supergene ore
Ni 417,550 t (1,000 kg) Co - Mg 2,500,000 Cr 105,000 Fe, Mn, Ni-Co, Au, Pt, P, U,
0008-D district deposits
corundum, etc.
Evaporite- and brine-related

YUG- Ore deposits related to
Jarando district Mg 4,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Bor 2,600,000 deposits: K, Na, Mg, Li, B, Br, Cl,
0009-D sedimentary rocks
I, industrial rocks and minerals

YUG-
Zlatibor district Ni 3,500,000 t (1,000 kg) Fe 10,000,000 Mg 740,000 Co - basic-ultrabasic to basic-ultrabasic magmatic

0010-D
magmatic rocks rocks

YUG-
Maljen - Suvobor district Mg - t (1,000 kg) basic-ultrabasic to basic-ultrabasic magmatic
0011-D
magmatic rocks rocks
Volcano-sedimentary Volcanogenic massive sulphides

YUG-
Lajkovaca district Cu 24,600 t (1,000 kg) Au - and sedimentary- (VMS) deposits: Cu, Pb, Zn +/-
0012-D
exhalative ore deposits Au-Ag, (Sn, S, As, Cd, Bi, etc.)
YUG- Volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary-exhalative ore

North East Montenegro Pb 754,950 t (1,000 kg) Zn 1,627,150 Ag 70 Cu 7,700
0013-D deposits
YUG-
SW & Central Montenegro Al 240,000,000 t (1,000 kg) Supergene ore deposits
0014-D
YUG- Ore deposits related to Fossil fuel deposits: C,

Great plain Petr - m3
Abbreviations used: ID. = Identifier; Com. = Commodity; Pot. = Potential

173
Scientific and Technical Centre
Mineral Resource Division
3, avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009
45060 Orléans Cedex 2 – France – Tel.: +33 (0)2 38 64 34 34

Metallogenic Map of Central and Southeastern Europe

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Metallogenic Map of Central and Southeastern Europe

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Metallogenic map of Central

and Southeastern Europe:

In bibliography, this report should be cited as follows:

The supply of mineral resources is a major parameter in the growth of European

As the map is derived from a GIS (Geographic Information System), frequent

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 3

1. Introduction: Toward a metallogenic and environmental GIS of Central and

2. Geological synthesis of Central and Southeastern Europe

3. Geological domains of Central and Southeastern Europe .................................19

4.1. ALPS ..................................................................................................................23

4.2. DINARIDES .......................................................................................................23

4.3. CARPATHIANS .................................................................................................24

4.4. DOBRUDJA (OR DOBROGEA) ZONE (ROM)..................................................24

4.5. BALKANIDES ....................................................................................................25

4.6. HELLENIDES ....................................................................................................25

4.7. PONTIDES AND NW ANATOLIAN BASEMENT...............................................26

5. 'Mineral deposits' layer (http://giseurope.brgm.fr/mineral_dep.htm) ................29

6. 'Mining districts' layer ............................................................................................31

7. Periods of peak mineralization per commodity ...................................................37

7.1. GOLD AND SILVER ..........................................................................................38

7.2. LEAD AND ZINC ...............................................................................................38

7.4. IRON AND MANGANESE .................................................................................39

7.6. URANIUM ..........................................................................................................39

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 5

7.7. COAL AND LIGNITE ......................................................................................... 41

7.8. PETROLEUM AND GAS RESOURCES ........................................................... 41

6 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

Appendix 1 – Maps used for the geological synthesis.....................................................................49

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 7

1. Introduction: Toward a metallogenic and

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 9

Country Code Country Code

'GIS Central Europe' includes the following thematic layers (Table2):

10 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

Table 2 – 'GIS Central Europe' layers.

Module Group Layer theme Description

Simplified geological map of Central and Southeastern Europe at

Bouguer anomaly calculation; isostatic correction and corresponding

a new metallogenic lexicon (http://gisandes.brgm.fr/ore_depo.htm)

protected areas such as national parks; land-use (agriculture, forest,

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 11

12 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

2. Geological synthesis of Central and

The coverage was created by digitizing and synthesizing 26 published maps on a

The greatest problem in producing such a map-based synthesis is to homogenize the

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 13

14 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

Figure 2a – Map legend: stratigraphy.

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 15

Figure 2b – Map legend: lithology.

16 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

The geological synthesis was prepared at a scale of 1:500,000 to 1:1,000,000 to

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 17

3. Geological domains of Central

Development of the homogeneous geological coverage for 'GIS Central Europe' at

Table 3 – Geological domains.

Detailed Domains Simplified Domains

BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report 19

Figure 4 – 'Geological domains' layer (simplified domains)with location

20 BRGM/RP-54703-FR – Intermediary Report

The way that we grouped the polygons was as follows:

1. Based on stratigraphic age, query and separate all polygons of Holocene to

2c. Group 2a and 2b and assign the domain 'pre-Quaternary basins'.

4. Name the overlying 'pre-Quaternary basins' according to the Detailed Domain