KKTM KEMAMAN / DPP B5

KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA

KEMAMAN TERENGGANU

PRACTICAL SHEET

DIPLOMA IN PLANT ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

COURSE/CLASS :
(MECHANICAL)
SESSION : JAN – JUN 2016 SEMESTER : 2
DPV 2013 STATIC AND
CODE/SUBJECT : SHEET NO : JS 02
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
NO OF STUDENTS : 20 WEEK : 18 & 19

DURATION : 5 HOURS VENUE : KIKEH

(LEVEL 1)
LECTURER : MOHD RIDZUAN SAARI

TOPIC : SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SUB-TOPIC : Concentrated load and symmetrical load

At the end of this experiment the students should be able to:
1. Conduct the experiment to develop the Shear force and bending
LEARNING moment profile for concentrated center load.
OUTCOME :
2. Conduct the experiment to develop the shear force and bending
moment profile for symmetrical load.

THEORY Beams are defined as structural members supporting loads at various

points along the member. Transverse loadings of beams are classified
as concentrated loads or distributed loads.
One of the main concerns that should be put into consideration
when designing beams for strength is how the material and the cross
section of a beam of a given selected span should be selected if the
beam is not to fail under a given loading.
Applied loads result in internal forces consisting of a shear force
(from the shear stress distribution) and a bending moment (from the
normal stress distribution). For prismatic beam, that is straight beam
with a uniform cross section; their design depends primarily upon the
determination of the largest value of the bending moment and shear
force created in the beam by a given loading.
The determination of these values and of the critical sections of
the beam in which they occur is greatly facilitated by drawing a shear
force diagram and bending moment diagram. The variation of the

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shear force V (N) and the bending moment M (Nm) along the beam may
be investigated from these diagrams.

Figure 1: Example
of various type of
a. Simply supported beam
beams and its c. Cantilever beam
b. Overhanging beam
supports

Determination of
the maximum
d. Continuous beam normal
e. Beam fixed at one end stress
f. Fixed beam
( max)
and simply supported and
maximum
shearing stress
(max) requires identification of maximum internal shear force and
bending moment. Shear force and bending moment at a point are
determined by passing a section through the beam and applying an
equilibrium analysis on the beam portions on either side of the section
(as shown in Figure 2 & 3).

P1 w P2

A B

x
P1

C M
A

V
P2
RA
M’ V’
B

C
RB

Figure 2: Beam section at point C (at distance x from left end A)

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M M’ V’

a. Internal forces (positive shear and positive bending moment)

Figure 3: Sign conventions for shear forces V and V’
and bending couples M and M’

The cutting loads at the left border are expressed in positive coordinate
direction, those at the right border in negative direction. In the event of
loading in one plane, a distinction is made between three (3) different
cutting loads:

ΣFx=0, hence Normal force Nx in beam direction. This produces

tension/compression in the beam.
ΣFz=0, hence Shear force Qz at right angles to beam axis. This is
responsible for the shear stress in the beam.
ΣMy=0, hence Bending moment My, perpendicular to the loading plane.
This produces the bending stress in the beam.

Whereas the normal is independent of the other two cutting loads, the
following differential relationship exists between shear forces and
bending moment is:
Qz(x)=dMy(x)/dx
The shear force profile thus indicates the slope of the bending moment
curve. The bending moment My is traditionally plotted in negative
direction in line with the direction of sag.

A B

y x
F
z My My

Nx Nx
Qz Qz
A B

Figure 4: Cutting principle

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Figure 5: Cutting load profile for the beam

TOOLS / 1. WP 960 Test Apparatus

2. Beam, 1000 mm long with special joint at 366 mm (x1)
EQUIPMENTS /
3. Load cell 0-100 N for bending moment with pivot (x1)
MATERIALS 4. Load cell 0-50 N lateral force (x1)
5. Support with roller bearings (x2)
6. Weight holder, dead weight 1 N (x3)
7. Load hanger (x3)
8. Weight 1 N (x12)
9. Weight 5 N (x9)
10. Lever arm 100 mm (x2)
11. Measuring Tape

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DRAWING
AND DATA

Figure 6: Shearing Force and Bending Moment Apparatus

INSTRUCTION: 1. Follow the procedure correctly.

2. Record the results in Table 1 and 2.
3. Sketch the graphs based on the data.

PROCEDURE Experiment 1: To distinguish the shear force and bending moment

profile for concentrated load.

Figure 7
1. Place the supports at 800 mm apart on the lower frame cross
member as shown above.
2. Horizontally align the beam with the adjusting screws (1).
3. Take load-cell readings and set the values to zero by adjusting the
outer ring.
4. Use load hanger to position load of 20 N (2) at position 200 mm

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from the left support.

5. Take readings from both load cells and note down the values in the
Table 1.
6. Repeat the experiment by placing the load of 20 N (2) at the center
of the beam, 400 mm from the left of the support.
7. Take the readings from both load cells again and note down the
values in the Table 1.

Experiment 3: To distinguish the shear force and bending moment

profile for symmetrical load

Figure 8: Setup for Experiment No. 2

1. Position supports 800 mm apart on the lower frame cross member.

2. Horizontally align beam with adjusting screws (1).
3. Take load-cell readings and set the values to zero by adjusting the
outer ring.
4. Use load hanger to position load of 2 x 20 N (2) on beam at a
distance of 200 mm from left and right support.
5. Take readings from both load cells again and note down the values
in the Table 2.

RESULTS:
Experiment 1:To distinguish the shear force and bending moment profile for concentrated load

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Shear Section distance from left support = …………………… mm

Lever arm length = ………………….. mm

Bending Moment at section = (Load cell reading X pivot arm length) N.mm

Simply sketch your shear force and bending moment diagram in order to determine the

theoretical value

Table 1
Bending
Shear Bending Bending
Load Shear Force Moment
Force Error Moment Moment Error
Distance (Experiment) gauge
(Theory) [%] (Exp.) (Theory) [%]
[mm] [N] reading
[N] [N.mm] [N.mm]
[N]
200

400

Note:
Theory moment calculation: At 200 mm: Mmax = F(0.2m x 0.6m)/L ; At 400 mm: Mmax = FL/4

Experiment 2: To distinguish the shear force and bending moment profile for symmetrical
load

Shear Section distance from left support = ………………….. mm

Lever arm length = …………………. mm

Bending Moment at section = (Load cell reading x pivot arm length) N.mm

Simply sketch your shear force and bending moment diagram in order to determine the

theoretical value

Table 2
Bending
Shear Bending Bending
Shear Force Moment
Force Error Moment Moment
(Experiment) gauge Error [%]
(Theory) [%] (Exp.) (Theory)
[N] reading
[N] [N.mm] [N.mm]
[N]

Note:
Theory moment calculation: Mmax = FL/4
ANALYSIS & DISCUSSIONS:

a. Calculate the reactions at the supports for Experiments 1,2 and 3:

b. Analyze the theoretical values for shear force and bending moment.
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c. Plot the graph for shear and bending moment of theoretical and experimental.

d. Discuss the distribution of forces (shear stress and bending moment) when the load is
applied to the various points of the beam.

Experiment 1 & 2:

Experiment 3:

e. According to the result obtained in this experiment, where is the critical section or
location of the beam? State your answer with a valid calculation (value and location).

Experiment 1 & 2:

Experiment 3:

CONCLUSION:
State your conclusion based on the achievement of objectives and from the
experimental results.