BBA 8th

Assignment:
Leadership & Change Development
Topic:
Note on a Leader
Submitted to:

Sir Kaleem Ahmad

Submitted by:
Muhammad Arif Javed
Sap id (70057369)
Note on a Leader:
The leader I have chosen is “Tariq bin Ziyad.”

(“A great leader & a good commander”)

INTRODUCTION:

About:

Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād (Arabic: ‫ )ط''''ارق بن زي''''اد‬also known simply as Tarik in English, was
a Berber Umayyad commander who initiated the Muslim conquest
of Visigothic Hispania (Present day Spain and Portugal) in 711–718 A.D. He led a large army
and crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast, consolidating his troops at what
is today known as the Rock of Gibraltar. The name "Gibraltar" is the Spanish derivation of
the Arabic name Jabal Ṭāriq (‫)جب'ل ط'ارق‬, meaning "mountain of Ṭāriq",[1] which is named after
him.

• Date of birth: 670 AD

• ("A.D." stands for anno domini, Latin for “in the year of the lord,” and
refers specifically to the birth of Jesus Christ.)
• Death: 719 AD 95 HIJRI
• Rank: General and Governor
• Attack: 710
• Duration of life: 37
• Buried in: Damishq
• Kabila: Berber

• Allegiance: Umayyad Caliphate

• Battles/wars: Conquest of Hispania , Battle of Guadalete
• Other work
• Governor of: Al-Andalus
He Was by Made Leader not by Birth:

Most historians, Arab and Spanish, seem to agree that he was a slave of the amier of North
Africa Musa bin Nusayr, who gave him his freedom and appointed him a general in his army.
But his descendants centuries later denied he had ever been Musas slave.

He was a great Fighter:

Musa bin Nusair appointed Tariq governor of Tangiers after its conquest in 710-711 but an
unconquered Visigothic outpost remained nearby at Ceuta, a stronghold commanded by a
nobleman named Julian. After Roderic came to power in Spain, Julian had, as was the custom,
sent his daughter to the court of the Visigothic king to receive an education. It is said that
Roderic raped her, and that Julian was so incensed he resolved to have the Muslims bring down
the Visigothic kingdom.
Fight with Roderic Army:

The king of that time period, Master Roderick, found out about the seizure and immediately well
prepared his army which consisted of 100, 000 soldiers. Master Roderick triggers with
confidence that they’re going to create every Arab warrior their prisoner. Roderick had taken the
army to Cordova to battle Tariq and his armies.

Accordingly, he entered into a treaty with Tariq to secretly convoy the Muslim army across the
Straits of Gibraltar, as he owned a number of merchant ships and had his own forts on the
Spanish mainland About April 26, 711, the army of Tariq, composed of recent converts to Islam,
was landed at Gibraltar by Julian.
Leadership Style:
•Transformational Leadership
• Democratic leadership

He has also leadership qualities:

• More Task Then Relationship Oriented
• Charismatic leadership

In the Book of Mr. Hennery Adward Hans says:

The Story of the Nation (Jilad no 36, page no 17-18)

After the Speech of (Tariq Bin Ziyad)

“The Soldiers were ready to fight. They were waiting of morning when sunrise and we attack on
them (Enemy).”

Before Attack:

Tariq Bin Ziyad was one of the greatest Muslim commander, which is well known for his
bravery and the conquest of modern Spain. Within the Spanish records, he identified as a legend
by the name Tariq El Tuerto (Tariq the one-eyed). He was a Berber Muslim and Umayyad
General who led the great conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711 A.D under the order of the
Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I. According to the historian Ibn Khaldoun (‫)ابن خلدون‬, Tariq Ibn
Ziyad (‫ )طارق بن زیاد‬had been from the Berber tribe of Algeria. Tariq Ibn Ziyad (‫ )طارق بن زباد‬is
usually thought to be the most critical commander of the armed forces within Iberian record. He
was the deputy of the Musa Ibn Nusair (‫ )موسی بن نصیر‬in Northern Africa, and also had been
dispatched by their superior leaders to launch the very first thrust of the conquest of the
Visigothic Kingdom (comprising modern Spain (‫ )ہسپانبہ‬and Portugal (‫))پرتگال‬.

A number of historians declare that the title Tariq Ibn Ziyad (‫( )طارق بن زیاد‬meaning Tariq child
of Ziyad) had been additional a nickname, since he had been a Berber together with likely a
Berber non-Arab title, and he converted to Islam soon before he breached Hispania.
Tariq Ibn Ziyad had been made a key commander by Musa Ibn Nusayr to conquer Andalus in the
year of 711 A.D. He had warriors ranging from 12000-17000, upon the voyage he made a
decision to be relaxed and take some sleep.

It is known as during the time at which he was sailing across the sea, which separates Andulas
from Africa, he dreamed and during dreaming he saw the prophet (‫ )صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬surrounded
by the Arabs, Muhajirun and Ansaars, who had unsheathed swords and bent bows were standing
by him. In addition, he heard the prophet (‫ )صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬said “take courage, O Tariq! And
accomplish what you are destined to perform. ” While hearing this he looked around, he viewed
all around and noticed that the messenger of Allah (‫ )ص'لى هللا عليه وس'لم‬himself and the Arab
companions stepping into Andalus. Tariq immediately awoke from the sleep with a smile on his
face, and from that second he never ever doubted a success.

On April 30, 711, the armies of Tariq arrived at Gibraltar (‫( )جبل الطارق‬the title Gibraltar is
derived from the Persian title Jabal ‘s Tariq (‫ )جبل الطارق‬which means the huge mountain of
Tariq, or even a lot more obvious Gibr Tariq, significance stone connected with Tariq).

Tariq marched toward a small hill in the seashore which in turn after referred as Jabal Tariq
(Mountain of Tariq) whose modern name is Gibraltar. Then Tariq and his brave warriors
disembarked to the darkness of the night. Then he flamed his entire fleet and within the
willpower of his desire to conquer Andalus. He told his brave warriors

Speech:

Burn your boats, said Tariq bin Ziyad while addressing his small army after entering Spain
through sea in 711 A.D. The order was instantly followed by his forces despite a huge army of
opponents ready to attack them.

This ultimate trust in Allah and a strong determination to fight for a just cause was aptly
demonstrated by Tariq, apparently giving birth to the above-mentioned maxim.

“My Dear brothers, we are here to spread the message of Allah. Now, the enemy is in front of
you and the sea behind. You fight for His cause. Either you will be victorious or martyred. There
is no third choice. All means of escape have been destroyed,” he thundered while addressing his
forces before the battle began. The victory of Islam following the acts of valor, as well as piety,
was imminent.

Tariq bin Ziyad was a new convert to Islam from the Berber tribe of Algeria. He was said to be a
freed slave.

Islam provided high status even to slaves. Salman Farsi, Bilal ibn Rabah and Zaid ibn Harithah
were slaves before being freed during time of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon
him). Salman Farsi was appointed Governor of Madayen. Bilal was known for his beautiful
voice with which he called people to their prayers. Zaid led a force during the Battle of Mauta.
Even in the later period, the Mamalik (slaves) ruled Egypt and Qutubuddin Aibak established his
dynasty in India and ruled for centuries.

Tariq bin Ziyad is believed to be belonging to the Ash-Shadaf Berber tribe from North Africa.
He was probably born in 50 AH. Historian Ibn Idhari, however, states that he was from the
Ulhasa tribe. Ibn Khaldun has written that the Ulhasa tribe was found on both sides of the Tafna
river in Tlemcen, Algeria.
Tariq bin Ziyad is considered to be one of the most important military commanders in the Iberian
history. It is said that he saw the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) in his dream who saying:
“Take courage, O Tariq! And accomplish what you are destined to perform.” Then he saw the
Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his companions entering Andalus.” Tariq awoke
with a smile, and from that moment, he never doubted his victory. He led a small force from
Morocco in 711 AD and landed on the high rock which is called Jabal-Al-Tariq (Gibralter) after
his name in Spain.

The army of Tariq, comprising 300 Arabs and 10,000 Berber converts to Islam, landed at
Gibraltar. King Roderic of Spain amassed a force of 100,000 fighters against the Muslims. Tariq
called for reinforcements and received an additional contingent of 7,000 cavalrymen under the
command of Tarif bin Malik Naqi (after whom Tarifa is named in Spain).

When Tariq bin Ziyad found the Muslim ranks a bit nervous in the face of the large enemy in
front of them, he ordered the ships to be burned and then delivered the historic and stirring
address to the Mujahedeen. The two armies met at the battlefield of Guadalete where King
Roderic was defeated and killed on Ramadan 28, 92 AH.

The defeated Spanish army retreated toward Toledo. Tariq bin Ziyad divided his troops into four
regiments for a hot pursuit. One regiment advanced toward Cordoba and subdued it. The second
captured Murcia and the third advanced toward Saragossa. Tariq himself moved swiftly toward
Toledo. The city surrendered without resistance. King Roderic’s rule came to an end in Spain.

Upon hearing the grand victory, Commander Musa bin Nusair rushed to Spain with another large
force of 18,000. The two generals occupied more than two-thirds of the Iberian Peninsula In
rapid succession, Saragossa, Barcelona and Portugal fell one after another. Later, the Pyrenees
was crossed and Lyons in France was occupied. Spain remained under Muslim rule for more
than 750 years, from 711 to 1492. In its swiftness of execution and completeness of success,
Tariq’s expedition into Spain holds a unique place in the medieval military annals of the world.

Muslim rule was a major boon to local residents. No properties or estates were confiscated.
Instead, the Muslims introduced an intelligent system of taxation, which soon brought prosperity
to the peninsula and made it a model country in the West. The Christians had their own judges to
settle their disputes. All communities had equal opportunities for entry into the public services.
The Jews and the peasants in Spain received the Muslim armies with open arms. The serfdoms
that prevailed were abolished and fair wages were instituted. Taxes were reduced to a fifth of the
produce. Anyone who accepted Islam was relieved of his slavery. A large number of Spaniards
embraced Islam to escape the oppression of their masters. The religious minorities, the Jews and
the Christians, received the protection of the state and were allowed participation at the highest
levels of the government.

As result of Muslim rule, Spain became a beacon of art, science and culture for Europe.
Mosques, palaces, gardens, hospitals and libraries were built. Canals were repaired and new ones
were dug. New crops were introduced from other parts of the Muslim empire and agricultural
production increased. Andalus, as Spain was called by Muslims, became the granary of the West.
Manufacturing was encouraged and the silk and brocade work of the peninsula became well
known in the trading centers of the world. Cities increased in size and prospered.

Cordoba, the capital, became the premier city of Europe and by the 10th century, had over one
million inhabitants. A Christian historian writes: "The Moors (Muslims) organized that
wonderful kingdom of Cordova, which was the marvel of the Middle Ages, and which, when all
Europe was plunged in barbaric ignorance and strife, alone held the torch of learning and
civilization bright and shining before the Western world."

Caliph Walid bin Abdul Malik invited Musa bin Nusair and Tariq bin Ziyad to Damascus. But
when they reached the capital, the caliph was on death bed. He honored them lavishly but he
passed away soon. Caliph Sulaiman succeeded him in Feb. 715 and he turned against the two
commanders and deprived them of all amenities. Tariq died in Damascus in 720 in anonymity.
Caliph Sulaiman was a vengeful ruler.

Problems between Tariq Bin Ziyad and Musa Bin Nusair:-

From the quite a few Arabic histories written about the conquest of the world, there exists a
definitely disputed about the partnership in between Tariq and Musa Bin Nusayar. A number of
sources show anger and envy of Musa for Tariq, which was the man freed by him got conquered
the entire region.
From the Akhbār majmūa (11th century) the idea declares that when Musa arrived in the
conquered region, Tariq Bin Ziyad welcomed him warmly. Tariq dismounted from his horse as
an indicator of admiration, But Musa thrust him with his horsewhip. Due to the disputes among
Tariq Ibn Ziyad and Musa Bin Nusair, the caliph of that time period brought both of them back
in Damascus where they had spent the rest of their lives.

Reference:

https://www.housefirebooks.com/tariq-bin-ziyad-great-muslim-commander/

https://www.slideshare.net/MUHAMMADTARIQ295/tariq-bin-zayad

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tariq-ibn-Ziyad