Jatropha

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
Jatropha

Spicy jatropha (Jatropha

integerrima)

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malpighiales

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Subfamily: Crotonoideae

Tribe: Jatropheae

Genus: Jatropha

Species

Approximately 175, see

Section Species.
Jatropha is a genus of approximately 175 succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are
deciduous, like Jatropha curcas L.), from the family Euphorbiaceae. The name is derived from
(Greek iatros = physician and trophe = nutrition), hence the common name physic nut.
Jatropha is native to Central America[1] and has become naturalized in many tropical and
subtropical areas, including India, Africa, and North America. Originating in the Caribbean,
Jatropha was spread as a valuable hedge plant to Africa and Asia by Portuguese traders. The
mature small trees bear separate male and female flowers, and do not grow very tall. As with
many members of the family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic.
The hardy Jatropha is resistant to drought and pests, and produces seeds containing 27-40% oil
[2]
(average: 34.4% [3]). The remaining press cake of jatropha seeds after oil extraction could also
be considered for energy production[4].
Goldman Sachs recently cited Jatropha curcas as one of the best candidates for future biodiesel
production.[5] However, despite its abundance and use as an oil and reclamation plant, none of the
Jatropha species have been properly domesticated and, as a result, its productivity is variable,
and the long-term impact of its large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown.[1]

Contents
[hide]
• 1 Oil and biodiesel
• 2 Toxicity
• 3 Species
• 4 Synonyms
• 5 Gallery of Jatropha gossipifolia
• 6 See also
• 7 References
• 8 External links

[edit] Oil and biodiesel

Main article: Jatropha oil

Jatropha curcas seedlings in a greenhouse in Nicaragua

Currently the oil from Jatropha curcas seeds is used for making biodiesel fuel in Philippines and
in Brazil, where it grows naturally and in plantations in the Southeast, and the North/Northeast
Brazil. Likewise, jatropha oil is being promoted as an easily grown biofuel crop in hundreds of
projects throughout India and other developing countries.[1][6] The railway line between Mumbai
and Delhi is planted with Jatropha and the train itself runs on 15-20% biodiesel.[1] In Africa,
cultivation of Jatropha is being promoted and it is grown successfully in countries such as Mali.
[7]
In the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, where also a native variety (Jatropha matacensis) grows,
studies have shown suitability of Jatropha cultivation[8] [9] and agro producers are starting to
consider planting in the region.[10]
Estimates of Jatropha seed yield vary widely, due to a lack of research data, the genetic diversity
of the crop, the range of environments in which it is grown, and Jatropha's perennial life cycle.
Seed yields under cultivation can range from 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms per hectare,
corresponding to extractable oil yields of 540 to 680 litres per hectare (58 to 73 US gallons per
acre).[11] Time Magazine recently cited the potential for as much as 1,600 gallons of diesel fuel
per acre per year. [12]
Jatropha can also be intercropped with other cash crops such as coffee, sugar, fruits and
vegetables.[13]
On Dec. 30, 2008 Air New Zealand successfully completed a test flight from Auckland using a
50/50 mixture of jatropha oil and Jet A1 in one of the four Rolls-Royce RB211 engines of a 747
jumbo jet.[14] Air New Zealand announced plans to use the new fuel for 10% of its needs by
2013. Jatropha oil is significantly cheaper than crude oil, costing an estimated $43 a barrel or
about one-third of the June 4, 2008 closing price of $122.30 for a barrel of crude oil.[15] However,
the falling cost of oil has changed the dynamic, with crude oil trading in the $34–$48 range per
barrel between December 2008, and February 2009.[16]
On January 7, 2009 Continental Airlines successfully completed a test flight from Houston,
Texas using a 50/50 mixture of algae/jatropha oil and Jet A in one of the two CFM56 engines of
a Boeing 737-800 New Generation jet. The two-hour test flight could mark another promising
step for the airline industry to find cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternatives to
fossil fuel.
[edit] Toxicity
Characteristic of many members of the family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha plants contain several
toxic compounds, including lectin, saponin, carcinogenic phorbol, and a trypsin inhibitor.
Despite this, the seeds are occasionally eaten after roasting, which reduces some of the toxicity.
Its sap is a skin irritant, and ingesting as few as three untreated seeds can be fatal to humans. In
2005 Western Australia banned Jatropha gossypifolia as invasive and highly toxic to people and
animals
Jatropha gossipifolia in Hyderabad, India.

Jatropha multifida

Jatropha podagrica in Hyderabad, India.

Species of Jatropha include:
• Jatropha cuneata limberbush, whose stems are used for basketmaking by the Seri
people in Sonora, Mexico, who call it haat (pronounced [ʔaːt]). The stems are roasted,
split and soaked through an elaborate process. The reddish color dye that is often used is
made from the root of another plant species, Krameria grayi.
• Jatropha curcas, also known as physic nut, piñoncillo and Habb-El-Melúk, is used to
produce the non-edible Jatropha oil, for making candles and soap, and as a feedstock for
producing biodiesel. Prior to pressing, the seed can be shelled with the Universal Nut
 Sheller which reduces the arduous task of removing the seeds from the shell by hand.
Once the seeds have been pressed, the remaining cake can be used as feed in digesters
and gasifiers to produce biogas for cooking and in engines, or be used for fertilizing, and
sometimes even as animal fodder. The whole seed (with oil) can also be used in digesters
to produce biogas. Large plantings and nurseries have been undertaken in India by many
research institutions, and by women's self-help groups who use a system of microcredit to
ease poverty among semi-literate Indian women.
• Jatropha gossypifolia, also called bellyache bush: its fruits and foliage are toxic to
humans and animals. It is a major weed in Australia.
• Jatropha integerrima Jacq., or spicy jatropha: ornamental in the tropics, continuously
crimson, flowers almost all year.
• Jatropha multifida L., or coral plant: bright red flowers, like red coral, charactertised by
strongly incised leaves.
• Jatropha podagrica or buddha belly plant or bottleplant shrub was used to tan leather
and produce a red dye in Mexico and the Southwestern United States. It is also used as a
house plant.
[edit] Synonyms
This genus is also known as:
• Adenorhopium Rchb.
• Adenoropium Pohl
• Aamanakku / Kaattaamanakku Tamil, India
• Castiglionia Ruiz & Pav.
• Collenucia Chiov.
• Curcas Adans.
• Jarak Indonesia
• Jatropa Scop., orth. var.
• Loureira Cav.
• Mesandrinia Raf.
• Mesandrinia Ortega
• Zimapania Engl. & Pax
• Nkran Dedua
• Pourghère French term
• Pulga
• Tempate
[edit] Gallery of Jatropha gossipifolia
in Hyderabad, in Hyderabad, in Hyderabad,
India. India. India.

[edit] See also

Energy portal

• Jatropha in India
[edit] References
1. ^ a b c d Fairless D. (2007). "Biofuel: The little shrub that could - maybe". Nature 449: 652–655.
doi:10.1038/449652a.
2. ^ Achten WMJ, Mathijs E, Verchot L, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B 2007. Jatropha biodiesel
fueling sustainability?. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 1(4), 283-291.DOI:
10.1002/bbb.39The Jatropha Archives
3. ^ Achten WMJ, Verchot L, Franken YJ, Mathijs E, Singh VP, Aerts R, Muys B 2008. Jatropha
bio-diesel production and use. (a literature review) Biomass and Bioenergy 32(12), 1063-
1084.DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.003The Jatropha Archives
4. ^ Jongschaap REE, Blesgraaf RAR, Boogaard TA, Van Loo EN, Savenije HHG. The water
footprint of bioenergy from Jatropha curcas L. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 106(35)E92.DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0907272106
5. ^ Jatropha Plant Gains Steam In Global Race for Biofuels
6. ^ World Agroforestry Centre
7. ^ "Mali's Farmers Discover a Weed's Potential Power". New York Times. September 9, 2007.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/09/world/africa/09biofuel.html?
em&ex=1189483200&en=b8f0eb75c65f04f3&ei=5087%0A. Retrieved 2007-08-21. "But now
that a plant called jatropha is being hailed by scientists and policy makers as a potentially ideal
source of biofuel, a plant that can grow in marginal soil or beside food crops, that does not
require a lot of fertilizer and yields many times as much biofuel per acre planted as corn and
many other potential biofuels. By planting a row of jatropha for every seven rows of regular
crops, Mr. Banani could double his income on the field in the first year and lose none of his usual
yield from his field."
8. ^ "Jatropha en el Chaco" (in Spanish). Diario ABC Digital.
http://www.abc.com.py/suplementos/rural/articulos.php?pid=424986. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
9. ^ "Jatropha Chaco" (in Spanish). Incorporación del cultivo Jatropha Curcas L en zonas
marginales de la provincia de chaco. http://www.jatrophachaco.com/portal/index. Retrieved
2008-09-09.
 10.^ "Carlos Casado SA en el Chaco" (in Spanish). El Economista. 2 May 2008.
http://www.eleconomista.es/economia/noticias/518424/05/08/Economia-Empresas-El-presidente-
de-SanJose-asume-tambien-la-presidencia-de-su-participada-argentina-Carlos-Casado.htm.
11.^ Dar, William D. (6 December 2007). "Research needed to cut risks to biofuel farmers". Science
and Development Network. http://www.scidev.net/content/opinions/eng/research-needed-to-cut-
risks-to-biofuel-farmers.cfm. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
12.^ Padgett, Tim (February 6, 2009). "The Next Big Biofuel?". Time Magazine.
13.^ Jatropha for biodiesel
14.^ "Air New Zealand jatropha flight, update 4". www.enviro.aero.
http://www.enviro.aero/blog/2008/12/air-new-zealand-jatropha-fligh-4.html. Retrieved 2008-12-
31.
15.^ Ray, Lilley. "NZ Airline Flies Jetliner Partly Run on Veggie Oil". www.latimes.com.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081230/ap_on_re_as/as_new_zealand_airplane_biofuel_6.
Retrieved 2008-12-30.
16.^ "Latest Trading Prices and Data from CNNMoney.com". www.cnnmoney.com.
http://money.cnn.com/data/commodities/. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
17.^ "Poison plant could help to cure the planet". London: The Times. 2007-07-08.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article2155351.ece. Retrieved 2008-06-09.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jatropha

[edit] External links

• BBC News website article re. Jatropha and biofuels
• Brazil Opens its First Commercial Jatropha Biodiesel Facility
• New "Second-Generation" Biofuel Passes Airliner Test
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatropha"

CENTRE FOR JATROPHA PROMOTION

Building a sustainable biodiesel industry
 Growing Diesel Fuel Plant

Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel (CJP) is the Global authority for scientific commercialization of Jatropha & other non-food biofuel crops and designs and
implements the growing of non-food biofuel crops worldwide in a structured Agri-Supply chain, Value additions and research activities thereon & provides technology
and services from “Soil to Oil” for the breeding, development, planting and harvesting of next-generation commercial biofuel crops

CJP has been engaged in promoting sustainable farming for biodiesel production since last one decade and its research findings and
on-hand field experiences in respect of various technical, agronomical/silvicultural aspects of plantations of Jatropha have resulted in
significant improvements in knowledge and technical background related to Productivity, profitability and sustainability of commercial
production of Jatropha oil crop. The CJP has focused on the development of Jatropha Curcas and other non-food biodiesel crops. Our
primary goal is to discover and develop high-yielding crops that generate the most bio-energy per hectare of land. We have identified
and developed new elite varieties of feedstock crops optimized for production under different agro-climatic conditions, economic and
social parameters.

CJP has also identified, experimented and developed following other oil seed bearing trees [OSBT] and non-food oil crops and.
Working on further development and cultivation of the same

• Alage

• Jojoba (Simmondsia chinesis)

• Karanja (Pongamia pinnata)

• Kokum (Garcinia indica)

• Mahua (Madhuca indica)

• Neem (Azadirachta indica)

• Simarouba (Simarouba glauca)

• Moringa oleifera

• Tumba (Citrullus colocynthis),

• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

• Ricinus communis

• Camelina

Energy & Environmental Security: Biodiesel

Decreasing oil production from almost all the oil reserves is attracting the world’s eyes towards renewable energy sources. The
availability of oil, the key fossil fuel of the last one hundred years, is peaking, and that production and availability is declining.
However, demand for oil continues to grow. Rising energy consumption and environmental issues has now shifted the focus towards
biofuel use, particularly in transportation. Food production and transport are particularly dependent on diesel engines and biodiesel is
a crucial part of bringing energy security benefits to the global food supply. In times of international terrorism, there are heightened
concerns about nuclear proliferation, and Energy Security argues that the future must belong to bio- energy. If we can achieve energy
security we can not only free ourselves from dependence on fossil fuels - we can also realize environmental security and a whole host
of other central developmental and poverty alleviation goals

Global Financial & Climate Crisis

In the midst of the most severe global financial crisis in decades, the CJP urged the international
community to look for innovative solutions to avert a climate crisis. The renewable fuel may lead developing countries in reducing
emissions from deforestation, improving energy efficiency, and transforming urban transport. Such an approach can
simultaneously support economic recovery and encourage growth in areas that mitigate the impact of climate change. By promoting a
shift towards low carbon economic activities, governments can not only help avoid dangerous climate change impacts but can
also make the region more competitive, contributing to a faster recovery from the current economic slowdown. With oil prices
falling, increased investments in green technologies are not going to be an easy sell. However, there is growing support from
businesses, government and civil society for the idea that the crisis itself provides an opportunity to create incentives for a low carbon
development path

The international energy agency recently issued a warning proclaiming that the era of cheap oil is
over. It further went ahead to predict that crude oil prices would soon rebound to above $100 a
barrel to trade, in real terms adjusted by inflation, at an average of more than $100 from 2008 to 2015.
Demand for oil and crude prices may be falling with the economic slowdown, but that could well lead to a supply-side crunch in the
next year or so, and that will push oil prices higher again. And that is the big challenge. The industry needs to be prepared for
tomorrow, even in these uncertain times. If we do not act now, another round of price spiral may not be far off. Had we been
equipped with biofuels, we would have been able to avert the economic crisis which has mainly been caused by high oil prices. Any
biodiesel project proposal takes around 3-5 years to come into existence and starts positive cash flow. As such it is high time to plan
and construct biodiesel industry and be prepared for any next financial slowdown

Global production of biofuels is growing steadily and will continue to do so despite financial slowdown. The world biofuel market’s
value is likely to attain a CAGR of around 14.7% during 2006-2016. The rapid development of the global biodiesel industry has been
closely observed by countries interested in stimulating economic growth, improving the environment and reducing dependency on
imported oil. Developing Biofuels represents the most immediate and available response to at least five key challenges and
opportunities:

1. Coping with depleting oil reserves

2. The need for oil-importing countries to reduce their dependence on a limited number of exporting nations by diversifying
 their energy sources and suppliers;

3. The chance for emerging economies in tropical regions to supply the global energy market with competitively priced liquid biofuels;

4. Meeting growing energy demand in developing countries, in particular to support development in rural areas;

5. And the commitments taken to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions as part of the battle against climate change ations that
have embarked on a biofuel driven model for economic development need to evolve the right protocols and systems to
plan and implement such initiatives in a sustainable manner. This would mean factoring the impact of competition for
other land uses, such as production of food or other crops at the concept stage itself. Feedstocks for biofuel remain at
the core of any biofuels venture. Biofuels offers new growth opportunities in many rural areas of developing countries,
but it’s important to guarantee the livelihoods and well-being of the most vulnerable. We must ensure that the price of
food does not impair the food security of the poor.

Alternative Feedstock

The emerging industry is facing a lack of feedstock supplies and needs initiatives in crop cultivation
technologies and competitive sourcing of appropriate feedstock - all of which can alter the biofuel
economics. As such the greatest challenges to the widespread deployment and use of biofuels is developing a dedicated energy crops
that are cost-effective, easy to sustain and can produce greater yields. Such energy crop that produces biofuels and holds particular
promise for sustainable development and a sustainable environment is Jatropha and other non-food crops. Since feedstock is the
single largest cost component in biodiesel production, this considerably less expensive feed stock give the producers a significant cost
advantage over producers use rapeseed and soybean oil. To break the link between biodiesel feedstock and food products; Jatropha
and other non-food oil bearing crops are the cheapest and the viable business propositions.

Sustainaility

Given the realities of the biodiesel markets, a successful biodiesel business plan begins with an effective feedstock strategy from
which process design flows. To make biodiesel a long-term business opportunity, attention must be to the critical issue of availability
of right feedstock at right cost. Jatropha will be a vast source of biofuel and a key to reducing our dependence on fossil fuel Jatropha
can bring significant environmental benefits. It can replace jet fuel and diesel from petroleum without interfering with food crops or
leading to the clearing of forests. The good thing about Jatropha is that you're producing a tree shrub that lives for a long time and
does its job, producing oil, while it also sequesters lots of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Jatropha is a valuable multi-purpose crop to alleviate soil degradation, desertification and

deforestation, which can be used for bio-energy to replace petro-diesel, for soap production and
climatic protection, and hence deserves specific attention

Jatropha can help to increase rural incomes, self-sustainability and alleviate poverty for women,
elderly, children and men, tribal communities, small farmers. It can as well help to increase income from plantations and agro-
industries.

There are various trees that are suitable for bio-diesel production. Out of all these trees, Jatropha
must be regarded as a sure inclusion and the foundation around which a plan can be built if for
nothing but its pure hardiness and stress handling ability.

It is just a tree that has enough credentials. That is why the Planning Commission of India has nominated it as ideal plant for
biodiesel.

Carbon Savings

Biodiesel produced from Jatropha is one of the most promising solutions for tackling the growing carbon emissions from transport

Food Versus Fuel

Rushing to turn food crops — maize, wheat, sugar, palm oil — into fuel for cars, without first examining the impact on global hunger,
would be a recipe for disaster. Among the potential impacts identified are increasing food prices, increasing competition over land and
forests, forced evictions, impacts on employment and conditions of work, and increasing prices and scarcity of water. That is why
Jatropha was recently recommended as a biofuels crop for developing countries by UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food

• Benefits to Developing countries

• Wasteland Reclamation and Reforestation

• Income generation from previously unusable areas

• Provide huge opportunities from new sustainable and renewable land resources

• And crops Creating employment Nursery development, soil preparation, irrigation systems, Plantation maintenance, seed collection, oil extraction and
Refinery control

• Benefit from the increased demand for employment in infrastructure, logistics and Transportation

Breaking the cycle of poverty

Consider that 54 countries are poorer today than they were 15 years ago. And that almost half of the world’s people – the vast
majority of them working people – live on less than two dollars per day. We have a responsibility to make renewable energy available
and affordable to all…to ensure that the poorest countries in the world are not forced to choose between feeding their people and
fueling their economies.

For example, crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa are projected to fall by 20 percent under global warming;

As yields fall and demand rises, Africa will become more dependent on expensive food imports. Already the poor in sub-Saharan
Africa spend 60 to 80 percent of their total income on food – that compares to approximately 10 percent in the U.S.;

Climate change induced famine may displace more than 250 million people worldwide by 2050

Consider that oil priced at >$90 per barrel has had a disproportionate impact on the poorest countries, 38 of which are net importers
and 25 of which import all of their oil;

Developing countries consume roughly twice as much oil per dollar of GDP as the United States

All the while, the high cost and Inaccessibility of fossil fuels, leaves approximately 2 billion people worldwide without reliable energy
sources, without refrigeration, basic communication, heat, or even light.

For developing countries, then, climate change and world’s energy policies are a source of oppression, a source of sickness and a source
of human suffering.

Since the two-thirds of the people in the developing world who derive their incomes from agriculture and Jatropha based biodiesel has
enormous potential to change their situation for the better and poverty can be broken by Jatropha Cultivation as this dedicated crop has
a huge potential for replication world -wide, improving the livelihood of many more.
At the community level, farmers that produce dedicated energy crops can grow their incomes and grow their own supply of affordable and reliable energy

At the national level, producing more biofuels will generate new industries, new technologies, new jobs and new markets. At the same time, producing more biofuels
will reduce energy expenditures and allow developing countries to put more of their resources into health, education and other services for their neediest citizens

Can Diesel Be "Cultivated"?

India & other developing countries have the potential to be a leading world producer of diesel, but the rural farmers still need to get
comfortable with the idea that diesel fuel can be "harvested," but they understand one thing very clearly that they can use Jatropha
plants as a source of extra earnings by utilizing the land that was of no use.

Farmers need to know that there is going to be a good market for what they produce. We are very keen to build that confidence and
promote Jatropha and other non-food oil crops cultivation by assisting planting, buying the seeds for refining and providing the
refining technology to enable growers to make their own biodiesel."

Jatropha Global Authority

CJP is the global premier agency to provide enhanced knowledge and enhanced technology to more than 80 counties for setting of Jatropha plantation from ground
zero. We’ve been privileged to represent the Centre for Jatropha promotion & Biodiesel (CJP), the first one organization to introduce commercial farming of Jatropha
first time in the history and have formulated the Concept to Commercialization of viable Jatropha & other OSBT projects., promoting sustainable farming for biodiesel
production and By cultivating these energy-producing plants, processing them and finally producing biodiesel, we are creating new sources of income for the rural
farmers.

We have already planted Jatropha in large area and encouraging results has motivated us for further expansion of the Jatropha plantation which can generate
tremendous job opportunities among the rural masses It may lead to a revolutionary transformation of the current gloomy economic and energy scenario with an era of
economic bloom and prosperity for all sections of society. Jatropha cultivation generates an income of RS 25000(US$ 625) / ha and RS.150, 000(US$ 3750)/ha from
5th year onwards in existing system of farming and if grown in 200 hectares in a village, it can provide adequate employment to all landless workers all through the
year.

We have introduced our Rural Jatropha Energy System, implementation of which may benefits farmers and their communities and other stakeholders. This energy
system based on the local cultivation of Jatropha & other non food crops is decentralized, durable, relying on local knowledge and sustainable, in the true sense of the
word. We can provide water and electricity services to a rural village at a smaller cost.

CJP proudly presents its commitment to exploring, developing and establishing the correct process, procedures and systems for
growing, crushing refining and use of Bio Diesel from seed oil, Jatropha Curcas in particular.

CJP is fully equipped with Technical knowledge and plant science expertise, process engineering and operational expertise to plan,
design and Create Failsafe Fuel Farms; deploy and commission Non-food vegetable oil refining and design and construct biodiesel
plants

We would like to introduce you to JATROPHA and our other related activities as having specialized in several fields of Jatropha
Production related consultancy and services CJP see great opportunities for doing business with it... Our wide range of activities
include……….

• Complete & updated knowledge and information

• Expertise & Enhanced technology

• Development of Jatropha Projects

• Improved & enhanced Inputs Production & Management

• Execution of the Plantation Project

• Plantation Consultancy & Management

• Construction of oil/biodiesel Plants

Key Strategies To Successful Jatropha Investments

As Jatropha and other non-food oil crops are poised on the cusp of commercialization, Jatropha investors have stepped up their efforts to develop a viable source of
Biodiesel, and some are already well on the road to success. However, with so many new projects coming up, and a lack of understanding of the Jatropha Curcas Plant
and reliable information; lack of QPM inputs; lack of Best Agricultural Practices and expertise & poor management techniques ; many projects are only achieving
mediocre results. Therefore, while Jatropha holds a great deal of potential as a biodiesel feedstock, it is also important to acknowledge many hurdles must be overcome
before the crop can become economically viable in most parts of the world

Jumping of a lot of companies on the bandwagon has enhanced the role and responsibility of the CJP to provide them, the right steps to start the successful business
ensuring that this crop is planted in the right way and with due cares to what’s possible in terms of sustainable farming techniques.

The key strategies planning, methods and technologies are very essential for Successful Implementation & execution of a large scale Jatropha Project with Maximum
ROI through Improved Agronomy

After having specialized in the field of creation of Failsafe Jatropha Fuel Farm with experiences and expertise CJP has drawn following the Key Strategies to Successful
Jatropha Investments:-

• KEY Strategy 1- Choosing the best location for Jatropha Projects

 • KEY Strategy 2- Getting the best business plan formation

• KEY Strategy 3- Getting the best planting stock/material

• KEY Strategy 4 - Adopting Best Practices in Jatropha Agronomy

• KEY STRATEGY 5 - Scaling Operations & Organization Strategies for Jatropha as per local conditions

• KEY STRATEGY 6 – Exploring the intercropping Operation Strategies for couple oil crops as per local conditions

• KEY Strategy 7 - Going Socially Responsible, Environmentally & Carbon Positive for Jatropha Projects

• KEY Strategy 8- Mapping Global Biofuel blending specifications & demand for Jatropha Oil.

• KEY Strategy 9 - Complete Utilization of Jatropha Curcas L, including biowaste & seedcake

• KEY Strategy 10 - Evaluating Risk for a Realistic view of Jatropha Project Potential for long term forecastin

For more details regarding KEY STRATEGIES, see the relevant page

Failsafe Fuel Farm

Therefore for Successful Implementation of Jatropha projects with Integration above Key-Strategies you need an authoritative agency able to provide knowledge,
expertise and technology for the predicted Sustainability while maximizing Project ROI through Improved Agronomy. And CJP is competent enough to be become
your knowledge & Technology provider

To engineer and execute Jatropha energy farm from ground zero to harvesting stage we have developed a set of Jatropha services with access to our own supply chain
intellectual property rights (IPR) and exclusive expertise with technological background and experiences in the field for creation Failsafe Jatropha Energy to implement
project through our level of competence and technology. Our scope of the Project task may cover a variety of activities viz: Setting up of Plantations from Ground Zero
to Harvesting Stage just to ensure "FAILSAFE JATROPHA FUEL FARM"

Continue »

CONTACT:-

CENTRE FOR JATROPHA PROMOTION & BIODIESEL

B-132, SAINIK BASTI,

CHURU- 331001, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

TELE: +91 1562 255575 +91 1562 255575

MOBILE- +91 9413343550 +91 9413343550, +91 9829423333 +91 9829423333

E.MAILS:

jatropha_c@yahoo.co.in
For General Quarries & Jatropha Project Development

jatrophacurcas@gmail.com
For All Quarries / Products/Services

jatropha3@hotmail.com
For A Wide Range Of Products "& Enhanced Technologies, IPR Services ….So On Just
To Ensure "FAILSAFE JATROPHA FUEL FARM

jatrophatraining@gmail.com
For Global Jatropha Training Programme And Jatropha Distance Learning Programme

jatrophaplan@gmail.com
For Jatropha Business Plan Development

URL:

www.jatrophaworld.org,
www.jatrophabiodiesel.org,

J A T RO P H A G R O W I N G S E A S O N S

GROWING SEASONS LOCATION WORLD LOCATION INDIA

If we go 23 1/2° north of the Equator we encounter a special dashed parallel called the Tropic of Cancer; if we go the same distance south we see its companion the
Tropic of Capricorn. The former is at the latitude at which the Sun passes directly overhead on the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere, while the latter is
where the Sun passes overhead on the first day of Southern Hemisphere summer (or Northern Hemisphere Winter); these evens occur, respectively, about June 22nd
and December 22nd.

So, in meteorology for the Northern Conversely, for the Southern hemisphere:
hemisphere:

Summer
Spring begins on : March 1 December 1
begins on :

Summer on : June 1 Autumn on : March 1

Autumn on : September 1 Winter on : June 1

Winter on : December 1 Spring on : September 1

Therefore the growing seasons for JATROPHA shall be as under

For the countries falling in Northern For the countries falling in Southern hemisphere
hemisphere

Nursery
Nursery raising: March September
rising :

Plantation: May Plantation : November

LOCATIONS FOR JATROPHA PLANTATION IN INDIA

GROWING SEASONS LOCATION WORLD

Non-Forest Areas proposed for Jatropha Plantation

200 districts in 19 potential states have been identified on the basis of availability of wasteland, rural poverty ratio, below poverty line (BPL) census and agro-climatic conditions suitable for
jatropha cultivation.Each district will be treated as a block and under each block 15000 ha jatropha plantation will be undertaken through farmers (BPL). Proposed to provide green coverage to
about 3 Million ha of wasteland through plantation of jatropha in 200 identified districts over a period of 3 years.

Andhra Pradesh

Adilabad, Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Karim Nagar, Mehboob Nagar, Nellore, Nalgonda, Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Warrangal.

Bihar

Araria, Aurangabad, Banka, Betiah (West Champaran), Bhagalpur, Gaya, Jahanabad, Jamui, Kaimur, Latehar, Muzzaffarpur, Munger, Nawada.

Chhattisgarh

Bastar, Bilaspur, Dantewada, Dhamtri, Durg, Jagdalpur, Janjgir-champa, Kanker, Kawardha, korba, Mahasaund, Rajnandgaon, Raipur, Raigarh, Surguj.

Jharkhand

Bokaro, Chatra, Daltenganj, Devgarh, Dhanbad, Dumka, Garhwa, Godda, Giridih, Gumla, Hazaribag, Jamshedpur, Koderma, Pakur, Palamu, Ranchi, Sahibganj, Singbhum(East),
Singbhum(West).

Gujarat

Ahmedabad, Amerli, Banaskantha, Bhavnagar, Junagarh, Jamnagar, Kutch, Rajkot, Surendranagar, Surat.

Goa

Panaji, Padi, Ponda, Sanguelim.

Himachal Pradesh

Bilaspur, Nahan, Parvanu, Solan, Unna

Haryana

Ambala, Bhiwani, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jind, Jhajjar, Mohindergarh, Punchkula, Rewari, Rohtak.

Karnataka

Bijapur, Bellary, Bangalore, Belgaum, Chikmagalur, Chitradurga, Daksina Kannada, Dharwad, Gulbarga, Hassan, Kolar, Mysore, Raichur, Tumkur, Udupi.

Kerala

Kottayam, Quilon, Trichur, Thiruvananthapuram.

Madhya Pradesh

Betul, Chhindwara, Guna, Hoshingabad, Jabalpur, Khandwa , Mand Saur, Mandla, Nimar (Khargaon), Ratlam, Raisena, Rewa, Shahdol, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Sagar, Satna, Shahdol,
Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Vidisha.

Maharashtra

Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Amrawati, Akola, Beed, Buldana, Dhule, Nasik, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Pune, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Thana, Yavatmal.

Orissa

Bolangir, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Ganiam, Gajapati, Jajapur, Koraput, Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Nowrangpur, Nawapra, Phulbani, Puri.

Punjab

Ferozpur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Patiala, Sangrur.

Rajasthan

Ajmer, Alwar, Barmar, Bilwara, Bikaner, Churu, Chittorgarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Sikar, Sawai Madhopur, Udaipur.

Tamil Nadu

Coimbatore, Chenai, Dharmapuri, Erode, Madurai, Perigar, Salem, Tirunelvelli, Vellore.

Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad, Agra, Balia, Bulandshare, Bhadohi, Baharaich, Chhitrakut, Deoria, Ferozabad, Faizabad, Ghazipur, Hardoi, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Kausambi, Lalitpur, Mainpuri, Partapgarh,
Raibareli, Sultanpur, Shahjahanpur.

Uttaranchal

Chamoli, Dehradun, Pithoragarh, Rishikesh, Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttrakashi.

West Bengal

Balurghat, Barasat, Burdwan, Cochbehar, Darjeeling, Hoogly, Howrah,

Floral Biology

Jatropha curcas is a monoecious, perennial, deciduous shrub with flowers in racemes in a diachasial cyme pattern.

In the inflorescence a female flower is normally surrounded by a group of male flowers

Male to female flowers ratio .ranged from 18:2:1-30:8:1 in the first year and 9:8:1-16:2:1 in the second year

The provenances giving favorable male-female ratio should be identified for future breeding

The flowers open for a period of 8-10 days in the inflorescence. The female flowers open for 2-4 days only.

There is an increase of number of male as well as female flowers in subsequent years; particularly female flower
has a more increase which is a positive trend towards productivity.

Rooting systems

The Jatropha curcas root system formation is directly influenced b propagation method in such a way that any
damage or deformation occurred in the root early growth can not be repaired and will last for all the plant cycle
reducing the plant growth and yield

The plant originated from seeds sowed directly in soil develop normal root system

The plant originated from seedlings raised in appropriate size of bags or containers also develop same type of root system provided that lifting
and transplantation is executed in right manner at right time

The plants originated from cuttings develop only thin roots which is unable to explore deep layers of soil and the plant expected to be less
resistant to drought and easily fallen by wind
Propagation method

Method Advantage Disadvantage

Direct seeding
Less investment Less germination

Less survival

Damaged by animals in initial stage

Flowering, fruiting in 3rd year

Success depends upon

Depth of sowing

Date of sowing

Quality of seeds

Moisture in the ground

Quality of preparation of the ground

Nursery plants
High percentage of success Nursery raising expenditure is extra

Good resistance to dryness

Early flowering and fruiting

Plantation of cuttings
Less investment Develop wider side roots

Early fruiting Enter in competition with other crop for moisture and food

Lower longevity

Low resistance to dryness

Low resistance to diseases

Risk of insufficiency in event of large scale plantation

Success of this technique is related to

Age of the plant to which cuttings are taken

The position of cutting within the plant

The condition of ground in which cutting be planted (drainage and ventilation)

The size of cutting and number of buds it contains

It is noted that Jatropha planted by seeds (direct seeding or young seedlings) saw longer than planted by cuttings and this method is recommended for establishment of plantation

Growth in Nursery

The container volume influences the growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings

The growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings in small containers would be limited being a fast growing plant. Hence container size of 9”x6” shall be appropriate

Pruning

The pruning intervenes 120 days after the transplantation in the field. It consists in cutting the final bud of the plants to support the formation of side branches and to maintain the
tree on an appropriate height facilitates the gathering. This practice represents a technique of control of the culture to optimize the output

Productivity & Soils

In abundant precipitations, fertile soil may lead to early fruiting

With contribution of organic matter sandy soil give best result

The clay soil is not proper as it restrict plant growth

In the flooded ground Jatropha dies of asphyxiation

Productivity with Sustainability

The production of Jatropha curcas is a function of the ecological condition of the area, nutrients and management practices applied.

In order to optimize environmental qualities of this plant , it was essential to pay attention to the condition of production of oil, i.e. of reducing to all stages, the energy expenditure,
the ecological impacts and risks due to use of fertilizers. Application of organic manures gives more output than chemical fertilizers

The capsules of Jatropha do not mature at the same time. The ripe fruits are recognized by their r yellow color. Each flower contains 3 seeds. The plants of Jatropha can still flower
after having produced fruits, this second turn of flowering can carry out to another output if the conditions remain favorable

Productivity & Spacing

The spacing requirement will vary over different agro climatic regions and soil types

The per plant seed yield increase significantly with increase in spacing but per unit area it decrease with increased spacing

The optimum spacing should be 2 M X 2 M

Seed Cake as Fertilizer

In high rainfall area application of only chemical fertilizers as a nutrient source have limitations in cultivation of Jatropha. This is due to the fact that nitrogenous and potassic
fertilizers like urea and MOP are prone to leaching losses in very short span of time during rainy seasons due to high solubility of such fertilizers in water.

Organic manure has the property of reducing such losses and also can give sustained supply of nutrients over a period of time.

The press cake contains some residual oil and consequently contains insecticide properties and can reduce the number of nematodes in the ground.

This is also of great significance given to the fact fruiting of Jatropha is staggered over a long period. Jatropha cake is one of such organic manure that is rich in plant essential
nutrients

Over the period of time there shall be plenty of press cake which can find its way to back into the soil as manure rather than transporting it for some other purpose.

An application of 3 tons organic fertilizer mixed with press cake increase yield handsomely

Soil Improvement

The land degradation is caused by wind and water erosion leading to depletion of soil organic matter and poor soil structure stability. The Jatropha plantation improves soil structure
within a short period of cultivation

To know more kindly contact to:

For more kindly contact:-

Director
Plantation Development, C J P
jatrophaplan@gmail.com

JATROPHA CROP- CALENDER

PROPAGATION

FEB -
MARCH,
NURSERY RAISING
SEP -
OCTOBER

After Good
DIRECT SEEDINGS
Rainfall

FEB -
APRIL, In
Transplanting of pre-cultivated saplings
Mansoon
Months
2 Months
Direct Planting by Stem- Cuttings before
Mansoon
On
transplanta
Manuring
tion and
after a year

In March-
Pruning
May

Flowering May / Sept.

July-
Fruting
November

Aug-
Harvesting December(
N. India)

Seeds Storage 15 Months

ECONOMICS

Top of Form
Quick Move

Bottom of Form
JATROPHA BIODIESEL
OVERVIEW

The Biodiesel industry is still young and relatively small, so as it grows to a larger scale and when an infrastructure is developed,
the costs of producing and marketing biodiesel may decline. New cost-saving technologies will likely be developed to help producers
use energy more efficiently, increase conversion yields and convert cheaper feedstocks into high-quality biodiesel. However, in the
longer term, the biggest challenge may be the ability of the feedstock supply to keep up with growing demand. The supply of
soybeans, rapeseeds and other feedstocks available for biodiesel production will be limited by competition from other uses and land
constraints.

As such the key to the future of Biodiesel is finding inexpensive feed stocks that can be grown by farmers on marginal agricultural
land, and Jatropha is one of many plants that hold a great deal of promise. Jatropha proves to be a promising Bio Fuel plantation
and could emerge as a major alternative to Diesel thus reducing our dependence on Oil imports and saving the precious Foreign
Exchange besides providing the much needed Energy Security. Jatropha oil displacing conventional fossil fuel makes the project
fully eligible as a CDM project, i.e. recipient of CO2 credits.

Jatropha stacks up nicely compared with other feedstocks, as soybeans and rapeseed have a relatively low oil yield compared with
Jatropha — 375 kilograms per hectare for soybeans in the United States (280 gallons per acre) and 1,000 kilograms per hectare of
rapeseed in Europe (740 gallons per acre) to 3,000 kilograms per hectare of Jatropha (2,226 gallons per acre) in India. Good
planning, quality planting material, standardized agronomy practices and good crop management could increase yields

COST BENEFITS SCENARIO

Cost benefits scenario will depend on various factors such as seed yield, area of Production, its gestation period, and raw oil yield
during various stages of bio-diesel production-plantation, extraction, and transesterification.

An integrated Jatropha Biodiesel Project has three stages:

1. The first stage of the production process of bio-diesel from the seeds of Jatropha is the plantation stage.

2. Extraction stage of bio-diesel production

3. The final stage of bio-diesel production is the transesterification stage in which raw oil is transesterified to bio-diesel.

The combination of three stages of bio-diesel production and the role of each player in these stages have to be objectively defined
as they can affect the economics of bio-diesel production
Therefore, we have carried out Economic analysis considering all above three stages as separate entities.

• ECONOMICS: FARMING

• ECONOMICS: EXTRACTION

• ECONOMICS: BIODIESEL

Kindly visit relevant page for complete information

For further enquiry kindly contact:

Director
Business Development, C J P
jatrophacurcas@gmail

I N D I A N P R O G RA M S

Open Issues
The National Mission on Jatropha Biodiesel

In April 2003, the committee on development of BIO-FUEL, under the auspices of the Planning Commission of India, presented its report that recommends a major
multi-dimensional programme to replace 20% of India?s diesel consumption. The National Planning Commission has integrated the Ministries of Petroleum, Rural
Development, Poverty Alleviation and the Environmental Ministry and others. One objective is to blend petro-diesel with a planned 13 Million t of bio-diesel by 2013
(>>l000 times compared to the present world Jatropha cultivation and production), produced mainly from non-edible Jatropha oil, a smaller part from Pongomia.

For this end, eleven millions ha of presently unused lands are to be cultivated with Jatropha (for comparison: annual loss of Brazilian rain forest 2.4 Mio ha). A
similar program was started with Ethanol production from sugarcane molasses, which is to replace 5% of transport petrol in the first phase. Announcements and
discussion of this program have already now brought numerous institutions, private investors and some farmers to prepare and even start with work on a major
Jatropha program. The move towards large-scale utilization of Jatropha is thus mainly coming from the energy discussion, with its increasing environmental and
health burden and foreign exchange cost; but as well from the Forestry and Rural Development Sector, looking for future income potentials. In March 2004 a first
portion for a National Program on Jatropha was released with RS. 800 Crore (161) Mio. S/Euro) to support cultivation of Jatropha on new fields and plantations of
200.000 ha. This is the first portion of a total program approved with a volume of RS. 1.500 Core (300 Mio S/Euro) and 400.000 ha, to be realized within five years.
The program intends to replace 5% of diesel consumption by 2006 with 2.6 Mio t of Jatropha bio-diesel produced on 2.2 Mio ha, based on yields expected by the
Government.

To plant 11 Mio ha Jatropha, the program is to become a "National Mission" and mass movement and wants to mobilize a large number of stakeholders including
individuals, communities, entrepreneurs, oil companies, business, industry, the financial sector as well as Government and most of its institutions.

In the first phase, within a demonstration project, the "viability of all components" is to be tested, developed and demonstrated by Government with all its linkages
in different parts of the country, sufficient production of seeds and a wide information and education of potential participants and stake holders to allow for a self-
sustained dissemination. The demonstration project consists of 2 phases, each with 200.000 ha planted in 8 states of 2 x 25.000 ha "compact area" each.

Each state will have one estenfication plant, which is meant to be economical from 80.000 t of bio-diesel onward, expected to come from 50 to 70000 ha each.
Compact areas in each state will he further subdivided into 2000 ha blocks of plantation to facilitate supply of planting material, procurement of seed and primary
processing through expellers.

Expected outputs from 400,000 ha are meant to be 0.5 Million t of bio-diesel, compost from the press cake, and massive generation of employment (16 Mio
days/year) for the poor. The program is meant to assist to achieve emission standards and climatic targets approved by Government, to improve degraded land
resources, and income to 1.9 Mio poor families at 4 families per ha, on a base of 5 Rupees/kg of seed sold.

For 2007, when the process is meant to move self-sustained, a scheme of margin money, subsidy and loan is planned to be instituted. Expansion of processing
capacities is meant to run on a 30% subsidy, 60% loan, and 10% private capital basis. Additional support for mainly market based "Phase II" from 2007 onwards, is
sought from International Funding Agencies, since the program addresses global environmental concern and contributes to poverty alleviation. Spat~te legislation
on bio-fuels is recommended.

Land available for Jatropha curcas plantations (million hectares)

Forest Agriculture (boundary Agriculture Cultirable fallow Wastelands under intergrated Strip lands such as roads, Additional
Total
areas Planation) (agriforestry) lands watershed development railways, canalbanks wastelands

3.0 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.0 13.4 4.0

The National Mission on Biodiesel, is therefore proposed in two phases as below:

1. Phase I consisting of a Demonstration Project to be implemented by the year 2006-07 with an investment of Rs. 1500 crore ($300 million) on 400,000
ha.

2. As a follow up of the Demonstration Project, Phase II will consist of a self sustaining expansion of the programme beginning in the year 2007 leading to
production of Biodiesel required in the year 2011-12.

Rationale for the Program

India is sixth in the world in energy demand accounting for 3.5% of world commercial energy consumption. A large part of the population has no access to
commercial energy from hydrocarbons at all. India’s import of crude oil is expected to go up from 85 million t to 147 million t by 2007. Hydrocarbons, in India
predominantly diesel (ca. 80 %, in Germany >40%) are responsible for most of the transportation fuel in India; the transport sector is the most problematic as no
realistic alternatives have been found so far. Overall transport crude oil demand was >50 Mio T in 2001.

In India, a larger share than in other countries is needed for transport purposes, in particular for diesel. Consumption is expected to rise at an annual 5.6% rate and
by 65% until 21) 11. Domestic supply can presently satisfy 22% of demand and dependence on crude oil imports (>18 billion $/a) is increasing. There is a growing
demand gap between production and consumption. At the same time, per capita consumption with 480 kg oil equivalent and 260 Mio people below the poverty line
(>20% worlds poor) is quite low. Indian petrol reserves arc expected to last for another 20 years plus. Rising and volatile prices and respective foreign exchange
costs are one of the main risk factors of the Indian economic and social development prospects.

In Europe and the US blends between 5 and 20% of bio-diesel are used as well without engine modification, in the US so far a total of 400.000 m3/a. In France 135
(5% bio-diesel blend) is mandatory. Sometimes a low percentage additive for lubrication and sulfur removal from diesel fuel is used as well In Europe bio-diesel is
mainly made from rapeseed, sunflower, in the US from soybean and in Malaysia increasingly palm oil is being utilized. Nicaragua is cited as an example where
Jatropha oil is used for bio-diesel to replace petro-diesel.

From a total of RS 1500 Crores total Government contribution (300 Mio S/Euro) the major share (RS 1200 Crores) is earmarked to be spent for nurseries and
plantations. Legislation is to secure that use of B5 (5% blend) and successively B20 (20% blend) become mandatory all over India.

Bio-energy, as a replacement for transport fuel can be alcohol, bio-oil or bio-diesel. Bio fuels are to reduce negative environmental effects through lower emissions
and climatic impacts. Local production of bio energy is projected to have a broad range of positive economic, social and environmental implications. Upgrading
eroded and deforested land, creation of employment and income is part of the argument. The national program wants to stop soil and forest degradation and its
environmental implications, generate employment for the poor, in particular for women, reduce climatic change and improve energy security.

Alcohol, mainly in form of ethanol is planned in India in be made from sugar cane directly or from molasses and to replace 5% of motor spirit for spark ignition
engines. The alcohol program has started already. Bio-oil, without further processing, is only suitable for sturdy compression ignition engines (diesel), or asks for
considerable motor modifications and maintenance. Therefore, the Indian Government focuses the processing to bio-diesel from plant oils. However, a direct use in
rural engines, water pumps, tractors and generator sets to produce electricity are additional options to provide rural energy and energy security to the rural
population.

Bio-diesel, considered an equal replacement of petro-diesel (with 5% less efficiency), can be made after transesterification from virgin or used vegetable oils (both
edible or non-edible). It is meant to be produced in India mainly from Jatropha curcas and, to a lower extent, from other non-edible virgin oils (in particular
Pongamia pinnata, called honge or pinnata, as well as Neeni, Mahua). It requires little or no engine modification up to 20% blend and minor modification at higher
percentage blends. The use of bio-diesel results in substantial reduction of un-burnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matters. It is considered to
have ahnost no sulphur, no aromatics and has about 10% built in oxygen, which helps to bum it fully. Its higher cetane number improves the combustion quality.
Almost all present emissions standards are expected to be reached with bio-diesel.
While the country is short of petroleum reserve, it has large Arabic land as well as good climatic conditions, potential to produce biomass to be processed into bio-
fuels. Demand of edible oil is higher than production, so edible oils, as mainly used in Europe and the US for transport oil, are considered not eligible. As well, edible
oils are much more expensive, sometimes by a factor 3-5, in India.

Instrument to promote non-edible oils is hoped to be buy-back arrangements with oil companies to be put in place and mandatory use of bio-diesel blends. The
Jatropha program is to be combined with other programs of the Ministry of Rural Development to attract growers, entrepreneurs and financial institutions so that a
"self sustaining programme of expansion takes off? on its own, with the Government playing mainly the role of a facilitator. Hence, for the expansion phase, the
Government will need "to give only marginal financial support". The rural community will have the first right of access to the oil for its own use. Responsibility for
availability of sufficient processing units will be with the Ministry of Petroleum. Studies have revealed that "direct and indirect impact of bio-diesel e.g. employment
generation, balance of trade, emission benefits etc. are substantial and need to be accounted for" while considering the duty structure on bio-diesel and HSD.

However, a clear comparison between the yields and economics of different edible and non-edible oils, and why production of non-edible oils for farmers is expected
to be more viable than of edible oils, has not been found inside the program argument. Duty structure is meant to be designed in a way that the price of bio-diesel
will be slightly lower than that of imported petro-diesel fuel.

Jatropha curcas is considered most suitable since it uses lands, which are largely unproductive for the time being and are located in poverty-stricken and watershed
areas and degraded forests. Jatropha is planned as well to be planted under the poverty alleviation programmes that deal with land improvements.

For the planned 13 Mio ha Jatropha, 3 Mio ha are to be identified in 38 Mio ha under stocked forest, 3 Mio ha hedge equivalent from 140 Mio ha of agricultural land
and 2 Mio ha for absentee landlords since, Jatropha does not require looking after and gives a net income of Rs 15000/ha". In addition, land comes from 2.4 Mio ha
out of 24 Mb. ha of fallow lands; two Mio ha from integrated watershed development programmes; one Mio ha from stretches of public land along railway, roads/
canals and 4 Mio ha from "other waste lands".

As a by-product the oil cake and glycerol are to be sold to reduce the cost of processing biodiesel to par with the oil price. The sales cost of bio-diesel is expected to
be very close to the cost of oil obtained for production, since the cost of trans-esterification is meant to be recoverable to a great extent from the income of oil cake
(3-5 Rupees/kg) and glycerol (50 Rupees/kg). The cost of bio-diesel is expected to reach between 15 and 16.3 Rupees at an assumed price of RS 5 per kg of seed
and at 3.2 kg of seed for I litre of oil. "Thus the plantation, oil extraction and production of bio-diesel are economically feasible". Overall oil bio-diesel recovery is
expected to be 91% at an oil portion of 35%. There is a plant density of 2500 trees per ha assumed, in mixed forestry areas 2500 trees each are considered one ha.
An average seed yield of 1.5kg/tree and 3.75 tiha are expected corresponding to 1.2 t of oil /ha and 2.5 t of fertilizer. Bio-diesel is expected to be available on the
market from 2005/2006 onwards. Work created of 300 "man" days /ha would allow 550.000 people to escape poverty in the first part of the program. A
transesterification plant is meant to cost Rs75 Crores (5/Euro 12.5 Mio; I crore is equivalent to Rs 10 Mio.), and procurement and expeller centre Rs 80 lakh (S/Euro
160.000; one lakh is equivalent to Rs 100.000),)NEEDS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

A number of research and development needs have been defined by the program:

• Genetically improved tree species, to produce better quality and quantity of oil This includes tree improvement programs, identification of candidate
plus trees,standardization of nursery raising techniques, (vegetative/seed/tissue culture)Scientific data for planting density, fertilization practices,
planting procedures

• Technology practices for adoption at grass root level.

• Research on inter-cropping for agriculture, agro-forestry and forestry application

• Processing techniques including bio-diesel and uses of by-products

• Utilisation of different oils and oil blends including potential additives needed

• Blending, storage and transport of bio-diesel

• Engine development and modification

• Marketing and trade

• Watering techniques, water and irrigation needs and wastewater use are not part of the program

There are some "micro-missions" or task forces planned for the different tasks:

• Ministry of Forestry; JFMCs (planting on forest lands)

• Novod (planting on non-forest lands)

• Ministry of Rural Development (other land implementation);

• Khadi Village and Industries Commission ? KVIC (procurement of seeds and oil extraction)

• Ministry of Petroleum (trans-esterification) and

• Different Research Agencies (research and development),

• All R&D activities are to be coordinated by a committee under the Planning commission.

Some of the institutions presently involved in R&D activities are the following:

• Punjab Agricultural University (PAU)

• Coiabatore Horticultural University with 250 I/day bio-diesel production facility

• institute of Petroleum (lIP)

• Indian institute of Chemical Technology (IJCT)

• Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi, Madras)

• Indian Oil Corporation (bC) with 60 kg/day bio-diesel production facility at Fardabad

• Mahindra&Màhindra (works on tractors from Karanji bio-diesel; pilot plant in Mumbai)

BIO DIESEL

Top of Form
Biodiesel

Bottom of Form
The Next Generation Sustainable Fuel

What is Bio Diesel?

The concept dates back to 1885 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel built the first diesel engine with the full intention of running it on vegetative source.

He first displayed his engine at the Paris show of 1900 and astounded everyone when he ran the patented engine on any hydrocarbon fuel available - which included
gasoline and peanut oil. In 1912 he stated " … the use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may in the course of time become
as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of present time."

Scientists discovered that the viscosity ( thicKness) of vegetable oils could be reduced in a simple chemical process In 1970 and that it could work well as diesel fuel in
modern engine.

This fuel is called Bio- Diesel.

Since than the technical developments have largely been completed. Plant oil is highly valued as Bio fuel "Diesel" and transformed into Bio Diesel in most industrialised

Please note!!!

• This vegetable oil can be used as it is crushed – ie - unrefined in the engines of cars

• This vegetable oil can be blended with normal diesel and used in cars.

• This vegetable oil can be refined and sold as pure diesel

• Refined it can be exported as a clean fuel to anywhere in the world.

Bio Diesel is asubstitute for, or an additive to, diesel fuel that is derived from the oils and fats of plants, like Sunflower, Canola or Jatropha.

It is an alternative fuel that can be used in diesel engines and provides power similar to conventional diesel fuel.

Bio Diesel is arenewable domestically produced liquid fuel that can help reduce the countries dependence on foreign oil imports.

Recent environmental and economic concerns (Kyoto Protocol) have prompted resurgence in the use of biodiesel throughout the world. In 1991, the European
Community, (EC) Proposed a 90% tax reduction for the use of biofuels, including biodiesel.

Today, 21 countries worldwide, produce Biodiesel.

The Advantages of Bio Diesel

• Bio Diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine.

• Energy Independence: Considering that oil priced at $60 per barrel has had a disproportionate impact on the poorest countries, 38 of which are net
importers and 25 of Which import all of their oil; the question of trying to achieve greater energy independence one day through the development of
biofuels has become one of ‘when’ rather than ‘if,’ and, now on a near daily basis, a biofuels programme is being launched somewhere in the developing
world.

• Smaller Trade Deficit: Rather than importing other countries’ ancient natural resources, we could be using our own living resources to power our
development and enhance our economies. Instead of looking to the Mideast for oil, the world could look to the tropics for biofuels. producing more biofuels
will save foreign exchange and reduce energy expenditures and allow developing countries to put more of their resources into health, education and other
services for their neediest citizens.

• Economic Growth: Biofuels create new markets for agricultural products and stimulate rural development because biofuels are generated from crops;
they hold enormous potential for farmers. In the near future—especially for the two-thirds of the people in the developing world who derive their incomes
from agriculture.

Today, many of these farmers are too small to compete in the global market, especially with the playing field tilted against them through trade distorting
agricultural subsidies. They are mostly subsistence farmers who, in a good year, produce enough to feed their families, and in a bad year, grow even
poorer or starve. But biofuels have enormous potential to change this situation for the better.

At the community level, farmers that produce dedicated energy crops can grow their incomes and grow their own supply of affordable and reliable energy.

At the national level, producing more biofuels will generate new industries, new technologies, new jobs and new markets.

• Cleaner Air: Biofuels burn more cleanly than gasoline and diesel. Using biofuels means producing fewer emissions of carbon monoxide, particulates, and
toxic chemicals that cause smog, aggravate respiratory and heart disease, and contribute to thousands of premature deaths each year.

• Less Global Warming: Biofuels contain carbon that was taken out of the atmosphere by plants and trees as they grew. The Fossil fuels are adding huge
amounts of stored carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, where it traps the Earth's heat like a heavy blanket and causes the world to warm. Studies
show that biodiesel reduces CO2 emissions to a considerable extent and in some cases all most nearly to zero.

In Nut-shell:

• Bio Diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine.

• Bio Diesel fuel and can be produced from oilseed plants such as rape seeds, sunflower, canola and or JATROPHA CURCAS.

• Bio Diesel is environmental friendly and ideal for heavily polluted cities.

• Bio Diesel is as biodegradable as salt

• Bio Diesel produces 80% less carbon dioxide and 100% less sulfur dioxide emissions. It provides a 90% reduction in cancer risks.

• Bio Diesel can be used alone or mixed in any ratio with mineral oil diesel fuel. The preferred ratio if mixture ranges between 5 and 20% (B5 - B20)

• Bio Diesel extends the live of diesel engines

• Bio Diesel is cheaper then mineral oil diesel

• Bio Diesel is conserving natural resources

The Process

The process of converting vegetable oil into biodiesel fuel is called Transesterification and is luckily less complex then it sounds.

Chemically, Transesterification means taking a triglyceride molecule, or a complex fatty acid, neutralizing the free fatty acids, removing the glycerin, and creating an
alcohol ester. This is accomplished by mixing methanol with sodium hydroxide to make sodium methoxide. This liquid is then mixed into the vegetable oil. After the
mixture has settled, Glycerin is left on the bottom and methyl esters, or biodiesel is left on top and is washed and filtered.
The final product Bio Diesel fuel, when used directly in a Diesel Engine will burn up to 75% cleaner then mineral oil Diesel fuel.

The Technology

The technology is mature and proven

Presently, the indigenously designed bio-fuel plant for 250 lt./day is in operation. We have to design and develop bio-fuel plants of 3 to 10 tones per day capacity for
installation in different parts of the country. Effective marketing chain needs to be planned for enabling farmers to reap the benefits directly. Bio-fuel mission will
provide technological and employment generation focuses for the rural sector. Use of eleven million hectares of wasteland for Jetropha cultivation can lead to
generation of minimum twelve million jobs

The Cost

The cost of Bio Diesel is largely dependent on the choice of feedstock and the size of the production facility.

If Jatropha feedstock is used, the fuel will cost depending on the country approximately US $ 0,40 per liter plus tax when applicable.

FEED STOCK PRODUCTION PER HECTARE & COST THEREOF

FEEDSTOCK Country Yield/hectare Rate per barrel(US$)

(kg)

SOYA OIL USA 375 73

RAPESEED OIL Europe 1000 78

JATROPHA OIL INDIA 3000 43

PALM OIL Malaysia 5000 46

International Laws and regulation

Several countries have active Biodiesel programmes. Such countries also have given legislative support and have drawn up national polices on biodiesel development.
Wide variety of motives for action taken can observe like

• Increase of energy supply security

• Reduction of dependence on fossil energy forms

• Reduction of harmful locally acting emissions.

• Protection of soil by biodegradable products

• Reduction of health hazard by using non-toxic products.

Biodiesel Scenario In India

As India is deficient in edible oils, non-edible oil is the main choice for producing biodiesel. According to Indian government policy and Indian technology effects. Some
development works have been carried out with regards to the production of transesterfied non edible oil and its use in biodiesel by units such as Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore, Tamilnadu Agriculture University Coimbatore and Kumaraguru College of Technology in association with Pan horti consultants. Coimbatore.
Generally a Blend of 5% to 20% is used in India (B5 to B20). Indian Oil Corporation has taken up Research and development work to establish the parameters of the
production of tranesterified Jatropha Vegetable oil and use of bio diesel in its R&D center at Faridabad. Research is carried out in Kumaraguru College of Technology for
marginally altering the engine parameters to suit the Indian Jatropha seeds and to minimize the cost of transesterification.

Area Coverage vs. Blending Requirements

Year Diesel Bio-Diesel @ Area for Bio- Area for Bio- Area for 20% Mha
Demand MMT 5% MMT 5% Mha Diesel 10% Diesel
@10% Mha @20%
MMT MMT

2005-06 49.56 2.48 2.07 4.96 4.14 9.91 8.28

2006-07 52.33 2.62 2.19 5.23 4.38 10.47 8.76

2011-12 66.90 3.35 2.79 6.69 5.58 13.38 11.19

Bio Diesel Experiments

Initially 5% of the bio diesel was blended with High-speed diesel and later increased to 20%. The railway and Indian oil corporation has successfully used 10% blended
biodiesel fuel in train running between Amritsar and New Delhi in the month of Feb 2003. At Kumaraguru College of Technology an auto rickshaw was run on pure
biodiesel (B100) prepared from Jatropha oil.

Conclusion

As a substitute for fast depleting fossil fuel. Bio diesel had come to stay. In future, it should also serve to reduce and maintain the price of automobile fuel. The under
exploited and un exploited vegetable oils are good sources of biofuel. Our country is endowed with many such plants. Research is being carried out now to convert
vegetable oils into biodiesel through biotechnological processes using biodiesel. With a concentrated and coordinated effort. Wide use of bio diesel in our country is
going to be a reality in the days to come.

A national mission on Bio-Diesel has already been proposed by the committee comprising six micro missions covering all aspects of plantation, procurement of seed,
extraction of oil, trans-esterification, blending & trade, and research and development. Diesel forms nearly 40% of the energy consumed in the form of hydrocarbon
fuels, and its demand is estimated at 40 million tons.

Therefore blending becomes the important National Issue which apart from giving the dividends , it saves the country's exchequer. India has vast stretches of degraded
land, mostly in areas with adverse agro- climatic conditions, where species of Jatropha , Mahua etc can be grown easily.

Even 30 million hectares planted for bio- diesel can completely replace the current use of biofuels. The production of Bio fuels will also boost the rural economy which
will bring more enthusiasm in more than one billion lives in the area

INDEPENDENT EXPERT’S REPORT

CJP can offer Jatropha renewable energy projects with many plans, resources and proven profitable models. Our specialty is business planning with the focus on high
productivity and profitability.

The sequence of services services required for establishment of large scale Failsafe Jatropha Plantation from ground zero to harvesting stage shall be as below:

1. Project development stage (Pre-feasibility Stage)

2. Preparatory stage: (Feasibility study Report)

3. Preliminary stage: (Formation of Business Plan)

4. Pre-plantation stage: (Farm Designing, Sourcing of elite planting stock and nursery raising)

5. Plantation stage: (Execution of Plantation)

6. Post plantation stage: (Crop care)

7. Extension services: (Training etc.)

8. Then there shall be construction of crushing and biodiesel facilities

We believe our experience in Jatropha energy projects is marketable and proven with integrity. Based on our proprietary knowledge and extensive experience gained
we have developed and enhanced a wide range of Products just to ensure "FAILSAFE JATROPHA FUEL FARM"

We Formulate and prepare Independent Expert’s report on:

• Jatropha Feed Stocks Report

• Biodiesel World Markets Report

• Financial & Technical Inputs Assessments Report

• Technology Report: Crushing & Biodiesel Plant Construction

For further information kindly contact:

Director( Business Development), CJP

jatropha3@hotmail.com

GROW PROFITABILITY
F RO M P L A N T I N G T O P U M P
Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel ( CJP) is the world leader in scientific commercialization of Jatropha fuel crop across the
globe and its research findings and on-hand field experiences in respect of various technical, agronomical/silvicultural aspects of
plantations of Jatropha in various categories of land as well under different plantation models have resulted in significant
improvements in knowledge and technical background related to Productivity, profitability and sustainability of commercial production
of Jatropha oil crop.

Based on our Proprietary Knowledge, Expertise and extensive experience gained we have developed and enhanced a wide range of Products
just to ensure "FAILSAFE JATROPHA FUEL FARM"

We have formulated A Brief Expert Report On” Jatropha Biodiesel Prospects In _________
’(country Specific) determining the practicality of developing Jatropha crop plantation just to
enable you to take planning and management decision efficiently, effectively and timely. Separate
report is available for 48 African countries, 17 Asian countries, 24 North American counties and
about 14 South American countries as below:

A Brief Expert Report On” Jatropha Biodiesel Prospects In _________ ’(country)

Africa Asia North America South Australia

America

1 Algeria Bangladesh Belize Argentina Australia

2 Angola China Bermuda Bolivia Fiji

3 Benin India Costa Rica Brazil

4 Botswana Indonesia Dominica Chile

5 Burkina Faso Laos Dominican Colombia

Republic

6 Burundi Malaysia El Salvador Ecuador

7 Cameroon Maldives Greenland Falkland

Islands

8 Cape Verde Mongolia Grenada French

Guiana

9 Central African Republic Myanmar Guadeloupe Guyana

10 Chad Nepal Guatemala Paraguay

11 Comoros Pakistan Haiti Peru

12 Côte d'Ivoire (commonly Philippines Honduras Suriname

known as Ivory Coast)

13 Djibouti Sri Lanka Jamaica Uruguay

14 Egypt Syria Martinique Venezuela

15 Equatorial Guinea Thailand Mexico

16 Eritrea Vietnam Montserrat

17 Ethiopia Yemen Nicaragua

18 Gabon Panama

19 Gambia Puerto Rico

20 Ghana Saint
Barthelemy

21 Guinea Saint Kitts and

Nevis

22 Guinea-Bissau Saint Lucia

 23 Kenya Saint Martin

24 Lesotho Trinidad and

Tobago

25 Liberia

26 Libya

27 Madagascar

28 Malawi

29 Mali

30 Mauritania

31 Mauritius

32 Mayotte

33 Morocco

34 Mozambique

35 Namibia

36 Niger

37 Nigeria

38 Rwanda

39 Saint Helena

40 São Tomé and Príncipe

41 Senegal

42 Swaziland

43 Tanzania

44 Togo

45 Tunisia

46 Uganda

47 Zambia

48 Zimbabwe

The Country specific report can be obtained from:

Director Business Development, CJP

jatrophacurcas@gmail.com
 QPM NURSERY TECHNOLOGY

We live in an age of quantity. When planning a particular task, one might ask oneself, "Quality or quantity?" Focusing on either may consume the same amount of time and
resources, but the result will often be significantly different as the quantity is automatically irreconcilable with quality? The ultimately, quality can make our goal achievable.

The starting point in a Jatropha cultivation quest for high production of quality produce is the selection of the right planting material - seed or seedling

A company investing millions of dollars in Jatropha based biodiesel project shall have to keep in the mind that the basis of its business plan is the elite planting material
and any mistake in procuring and producing quality seeds or saplings may result in failure of the entire plan. So the most important goal is to produce quality Jatropha.
Quality is more important than quantity. Good plant quality is the basis for Jatropha planting success.

It is not worth a grower’s effort to transport plants to the field, prepare an area, plant and maintain Jatropha unless they are of good quality. A poor quality plant will
always be a poor quality plant even if planted on a well-prepared, good site. In the field, each poor quality plant wastes space and resources leading to low site
productivity. High quality Jatropha has a higher survival rate and faster growth in the field than poor quality Jatropha. Fast growth allows a plant to outcompete weeds
and reduces the initial labor costs of establishment... We are producing Jatropha for next generation; they depend on having high quality plants.

Seedling quality has two main aspects

1. The first is the genetic quality or the source of the seed.

2. The second component of seedling quality is its physical condition when it leaves the nursery.

Seed source quality

The characteristics of the parent Jatropha can greatly influence the characteristics of the seedlings. The seed can determine whether the plant will grow well or poorly.
Studies from around the world have shown that good seed improves survival, Seeds quality, and shortens harvest times.

Some desirable parent plant characteristics are:

• Healthy Jatropha with a large, well developed crown

• Low & more branching may be desired for easier & more fruit harvest

• Fast growth rate

• Low susceptibility to (or ability to quickly recover from) disease or insect attac

Seed quality is a concept made up of different attributes, namely

• Purity

• Moisture content

• Oil contents

• Germinatio

Seedling physical quality

No single characteristic determines seedling quality.

• Seedling quality is a combination of

• Height

• Diameter

• Plant nutrition health

• Root size and shape

Together, these characteristics determine how well the plant will establish itself in the field, and they affect the rate of survival. Height alone is often not a good predictor of how a
plant will grow in the field. Plants with large diameter stems often have large root systems. Diameter is a better predictor of root size than plant height is.

A ‘balanced’ seedling has a small to medium shoot system and a large root system. The shoot loses water through the leaves and the roots compensate for this loss by absorbing
water and nutrients. ‘Unbalanced’ plants have too many leaves and too few roots

Therefore, success of Jatropha Energy Project shall depend upon the quality of plants cultivated

The quality of plant shall depend upon

Quality of seedling

Quality of seedlings shall depend upon

Good nursery practice to select the quality seeds of required characteristics

Good nursery practice to judge seedling quality by several traits

Good nursery practice to select the balanced seedling for transplantation

CJP’s QPM NURSERY PRODUCTION PACKAGE (QPM Package)

The CJP experts working on the Jatropha plantation have developed Superior planting material with standard benchmarks as SRIPHL-J03 and the best Nursery
techniques for production of quality saplings just to ensure proper and profitable production of Jatropha crop. Our MYCORRHIZED JATROPHA PLANTS with 98% seed
germination success provide Early fruition and flowering—seven months onwards ahead than normal Plants, Higher yield (25 %) with mycorrhizal inoculation than non-
inoculated plantations.

We offer to develop QPM Nursery at your sites for production of high class seedlings with GAP with the following characteristics:

• Adaptability to the edapho-climatic conditions of the region where the plantations are to be located;

• High productivity of the plant, deriving from maximum oil content and maximum plant yield

The QPM Package shall include:

 1. The cost of SRIPHL J03 Class 1 Seeds

2. The cost of Skilled personals

3. The cost of micorrhiza

4. The cost of supervision & expertise,

5. Supervision (GAP)

6. Efficient input management

7. Scientific execution of the Nursery

8. Expertise

9. Consultancy for transplantation

10. All other man, material, machineries and transportation of seeds shall be arranged by the client

To obtain detailed QPM Package Proposal Price quotes contact to:

Director (Services)

Jatropha3@hotmail.com
or, call H/P: +91 9829423333 +91 9829423333

J A T RO P H A S C I E N C E , E N G I N E E R I N G A N D T E C H N O L O G Y

In general, "technology" is the relationship that society has with its tools and crafts, and to what extent society can control its environment. The practical application of
knowledge in the area of Jatropha Fuel Crop Production has further resulted in advancement of various technologies for enhanced production of Seeds, oil and Biodiesel

Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel ( CJP) is the world leader in scientific commercialization of Jatropha fuel crop across the globe and its research findings and
on-hand field experiences in respect of various technical, agronomical/silvicultural aspects of plantations of Jatropha in various categories of land as well under different
plantation models have resulted in significant improvements in knowledge and technical background related to Productivity, profitability and sustainability of
commercial production of Jatropha oil crop.

CJP has developed and enhanced various techniques by combining its Proprietary knowledge with resources to produce desired Production of seeds, oil and biodiesel it
includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw materials.

We believe our experience in Jatropha energy projects is marketable and proven with integrity. CJP can offer Jatropha renewable energy projects with many plans,
resources and proven profitable models.

We have developed and enhanced following technologies with the focus on high productivity and profitability.

STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY

FOR JATROPHA CROP PRODUCTION

• Enhanced Technology For Jatropha Crop Cultivation

• Enhanced Technology For QPM Nursery Project

• Enhanced Intercropping Technology For Sustainable Farming

• Enhanced Technology For Jatropha Crop Care

• Enhanced Technology For Jatropha Post-Harvesting

FOR JATROPHA CRUDE OIL AND BIODIESEL

• Enhanced Technology For Jatropha Field To Fuel Factory

• Enhanced Technology for Jatropha crude oil Production

• Enhanced Technology For Jatropha Biodiesel Production

Kindly contact for more information:

Director (JPT)

jatropha3@hotmail.com

KEY JATROPHA STRATEGIES

As Jatropha and other non-food oil crops are poised on the cusp of commercialization, Jatropha investors have stepped up their efforts to develop a viable
source of Biodiesel, and some are already well on the road to success. However, with so many new projects coming up, and a lack of understanding of the
Jatropha Curcas Plant and reliable information; lack of QPM inputs; lack of Best Agricultural Practices and expertise & poor management techniques ; many
projects are only achieving mediocre results

Following Are the Key Strategies to Successful Jatropha Investments:

KEY Strategy 1- Choosing the best location for Jatropha Projects

Determining / knowing where to place your Jatropha project is critical, and requires a holistic view of certain key criteria for site selection. These include agro-climatic conditions,
availability of labor, logistical consideration and local legislation and others. Land identification is a pre-requisite to development of a Project plan and to meet this requirement Pre-
feasibility Study / Feasibility study is required to be get carried out from the competent experienced agency

KEY Strategy 2- Getting the best business plan formation

This formulation of business plan need in- depth specialists form each field. CJP can offer Jatropha renewable energy projects with many plans, resources and proven profitable
models. Our specialty is business planning with the focus on high productivity and profitability.

KEY Strategy 3- Getting the best planting stock/material

You are going to create a Jatropha energy farm for 50 years so you deserve best seeds, best growing media and best nursery practices.

The planting material is the only factor which may lead to a disaster if you fail to adopt the best

Kindly note that it shall not be wise to save a few thousand dollars in the seeds purchase- or nursery production as this is the backbone of the project whose results shall determine
the fate of the entire project

CJP’s SRIPHL J03 HYV SEEDS & QPM NURSERY TECHNOLOGY CAN ONLY ENSURE THE SUCCESS OF YOUR PLANTATION

KEY Strategy 4 - Adopting Best Practices in Jatropha Agronomy

The Jatropha Curcas L plant is an ‘energy species’, but it needs to be domesticated as a ‘tree crop’ for widespread commercial cultivation & application.

In order to achieve commercial perfection, it is crucial to understand the crop’s requirements, predict its possible interactions with the environment & develop packages of practices
for industrial cultivation

That's why CJP is providing low-cost Crop Cultivation Technology & Crop Care Technology which includes

• Improved Agricultural Practices

• Varietal Improvements

• Enhanced cultural practices

• Pest & Disease Control

• Intercropping

• Going "Green" with the use of Microbial fertilizers

• Fine-tuning practices to soil type, environmental conditions & labor

KEY STRATEGY 5 - Scaling Operations & Organization Strategies for Jatropha as per local conditions

One of the critical issues at the heart of many investors is commercialization of Jatropha, and it isn't as easy as merely increasing the size of operations.

There are many considerations involved in setting up a commercialized operation, and at the heart of it is sustainability for long term returns.

At CJP we have a team of experts to guide the Jatropha investors for developing a sustainable Jatropha project who have a have a good understanding of the conditions on the
ground, in terms of agronomic practices, improved cultivar development, water requirements and labor requirements.

KEY STRATEGY 6 – Exploring the intercropping Operation Strategies for couple oil crops as per local conditions

There are many considerations involved in planning for intercropping system for extra income. There is need of adopting the couple oil crop technology for more oil per ha without
extra inputs. CJP’s Couple oil crop technology can make all differences

KEY STRATEGY 7 - Going Socially Responsible, Environmentally & Carbon Positive for Jatropha Projects

Jatropha’s major plus point is in its ability to grow on land that is usually not attractive for conventional agriculture. Jatropha is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly, and is
hardy and drought tolerant.

The plant is by it very nature, environmentally friendly, and has the ability to reclaim non-arable land in arid and semi arid areas. These qualities also make this an ideal
plant for development in the poorest regions in the world.

The long term success of Jatropha hinges on investors understanding the environmental and social benefits of the plant, and weaving these benefits into their Jatropha
projects

KEY STRATEGY 8- Mapping Global Biofuel blending specifications & demand for Jatropha Oil

Biodiesel derived from Jatropha is fast becoming recognized as a viable source of alternative fuel to meet the rising fuel demands of countries around the world. As technological
developments stand today, Jatropha has the potential to serve as fuel to power automobiles, combined heat and power (CHP) plants and cooking stoves, just to name
a few.

At this critical stage in Jatropha’s development, investors need to understand the evolving market for Jatropha oil and biodiesel, and capitalize on them. Alternative uses for
Jatropha Oil will go a long way towards providing long term returns & sustainable development in the areas within which they work.

KEY STRATEGY 9 - Complete Utilization of Jatropha Curcas L, including biowaste & seedcake

An under explored revenue stream for Jatropha is the utilization of the byproducts and the rest of the plant. Some of the major drawbacks include the toxicity of the plant
which renders much of the plant unfit for animal consumption.

KEY STRATEGY 10 - Evaluating Risk for a Realistic view of Jatropha Project Potential for long term forecasting

Ideally, investors need to explore ways to make their Jatropha projects a low-risk venture with attractive returns. However, this assessment also needs to be realistic to
ensure future returns and to attract private investors to their Jatropha projects.

Therefore for Successful Implementation of Jatropha projects with Integration above Key-Strategies you need an authoritative agency able to provide knowledge, expertise and
technology for the predicted Sustainability while maximizing Project ROI through Improved Agronomy

And CJP is competent enough to be become your knowledge & Technology provider

For more kindly contact:-

 Director
Plantation Development, C J P
E-mail : Jatropha_c@yahoo.co.in

Growing Business
After recognizing biodiesel’s milestones, where is the industry and what will it take to truly get it on the map? Given the realities of the biodiesel markets, a successful
biodiesel business plan begins with an effective feedstock strategy from which process design flows. To make biodiesel a long-term business opportunity, attention
must be to the critical issue of availability of right feedstock at right cost. We are happy to note that our untiring efforts have made the Jatropha an alternative
feedstock for building a sustainable biodiesel industry. A number of new development projects and plantations involving thousands and hundreds of thousands of
hectares with investment of billions of dollars have been initiated during the year 2007-2008. Since feedstock is the single largest cost component in biodiesel
production, this considerably less expensive feed stock give the producers a significant cost advantage over producers use rapeseed and soybean oil.

To break the link between biodiesel feedstocks and food products; Jatropha and other non-food oil bearing crops are the cheapest and the viable business propositions
with following independent or combined options:

FARMING PLAN

CJP can offer Jatropha renewable energy projects with many plans, resources and proven profitable models. Our specialty is business planning with the focus on high
productivity and profitability. We believe our experience in Jatropha energy projects is marketable and proven with integrity.

The preparation of Business plan needs expertise, a better understanding of how to prepare, analyze and interpret financial statements. This may seem like a
complicated time consuming task. Therefore, just save to your time and money, make the task easy and provide you with the necessary tools to more effectively
analyze financial statements and make informed business decisions we have formulated various Jatropha Biodiesel farming business plans from farming to fuel based
on our extensive experience, research and IPR knowledge.

This "Jatropha biodiesel” is going to happen. We know there are a lot of farmers, entrepreneurs, and investors reading this who can cash in on this biodiesel craze.
They are already doing it big time in Europe so it's just a matter of time before it happen worldwide using Jatropha to make biodiesel. This industry is going to grow
very quickly - start planting Jatropha TODAY and then start making biodiesel to produce/generate your own fuel/electricity/power.

With above steps —government support, scientific research, new funding, and effective project management—we can make significant progress in the near term to
address the climate challenge and fossil fuel crisis through growing green energy from non-food sources.

Before taking the first step into the exciting world of biodiesel, begin with the power of knowledge, which is clearly the most potent tool in building a successful
biodiesel industry and here is that Ocean of Power to Power the Planet and the People:

After having gone through the site you shall be able to know the basic Requirements for an effective Jatropha plantation project

• Requirement of Extensive Knowledge

• Requirement of Enhanced Technologies

• Requirement of Improved Inputs

• Requirement of Expertise & Consultancy

• Requirement of Effective Management

Any failure to meet out above, may lead to a disaster Yes, there is one more reason why there may be a disaster in the waiting. Now that you own the asset, you don't
know what to do with it because you did not have a plan about the asset...a perfect business plan is absolute

The Whole World Biodiesel Industry is becoming Jatropha non-food oil -centric and not just the developing countries want to grow Jatropha with CJP’s integration;
American companies want to do business with non-food oil Jatropha and others and with CJP’s association, EU companies want to do the same

Because

1. CJP is the global authority to Provide Complete Knowledge of the JCL System: Planting - the Science and Technology

2. CJP is the only worldwide authoritative Agency to Provide Jatropha State – Of –Art Technology

3. CJP is the one & only authentic Source of Quality Inputs

4. CJP is the competent authority to Provide Complete & Comprehensive JATROPHA CONSULTANCY

What need to do to venture into the growing business …? Just need a proactive approach.

What one needs to do is to create setting up a successful Jatropha Plantation...?... Just CJP’s integration

CJP is getting globally integrated in a very different way with all stakeholders. CJP's global integration is through IPR Knowledge, Strategic Plan to apply our tested and
proven Technology and applied Methodology and approach to achieve the aimed objectives i.e. development of FAILSAFE JATROPHA FUEL BUSINESS

You need the best and we deliver the best..

BIODIESEL FEASIBILITY STUDIES AND BUSINESS PLANS

The Overview
 As the financial crisis continues to take its toll, now more than ever is the time for
innovative managers and entrepreneurs to come up with ideas that lead to opportunities to launch new ventures. So, is this bust really a boon for innovation?
The timing may seem inauspicious. In fact, the odds on the success of an appropriately directed new venture during a downturn may be higher in a bust than in
a competitive boom. A downturn also creates new needs. Common outcome of downturns is an abundance of underutilized resources that may be available at a
relatively low cost. Getting to the break even point for a new venture and then to profitable growth is crucial in any business. Another approach to winning is to
lower costs without sacrificing productivity or benefits to the consumer. It is only fitting for the downturn to precipitate a fresh round of entrepreneurship and
innovation in a new set of industries.

he renewable fuel may lead developing countries in reducing emissions from deforestation, improving energy efficiency, and transforming urban transport. Such
an approach can simultaneously support economic recovery and encourage growth in areas that mitigate the impact of climate change. The global crisis may
well lead to a temporary reduction of pressure on biofuel production, but as the price of oil is likely to rise again, the biofuel issue will return to the top of the
agenda. To be better prepared for this, and to avoid the repetition of the historic scenario, we should take the business to a low carbon development path. The
2nd generation biodiesel project proposal takes around 3-5 years to come into existence and starts positive cash flow. As such it is high time to plan and
construct biodiesel industry and be prepared for any next financial slowdown

Top

We believe that businesses prosper if they fulfill human needs – and companies such fulfill the need for energy. Energy is central to growth and development
because it provides affordable solutions for heat, light and mobility. It lights up our homes, helps us cook our meals, provides power for our factories, and fuels
our modes of transport – from two-wheelers to buses and trains and airplanes. We believe that the right to energy is a fundamental right. It extends people's
lives and improves their livelihoods – so the foundation of any energy policy has to be that energy is a good thing – and people should not be denied energy.
But at the same time as providing the benefits of energy, we have to address the challenges that it brings. These include energy security and the environment.
The environment is important – alongside providing secure energy for growth, to move beyond hydrocarbons in the energy we offer to the developing low
carbon economy. If we are able to eliminate poverty, provide gainful employment to all and do these while protecting the environment, we would have shown a
new path to sustainable development. This is exactly the kind of vision to inspire the world of business. Non-food crops may play a major role in creating the
secure and sustainable energy of tomorrow. It is a significant business. And it exists because there is a strong business case for low-carbon power today – and
there will be an increasingly strong case in the coming years.

Biofuel, "Diesel" from Jatropha and other non food tree crops has the ability to lift many people from poverty to financial independence, from despair to respect
and unemployment to business owners.

In this way

Farmers would earn from Jatropha/other nonfood crops farming

Farm worker would have employment

Small rural enterprises would sell or purchase the seeds

Small scale industries grow for oil production

Diesel fuel production would further provide business opportunity

By products like press-cake would be traded by villagers

Energy employment and earnings would go together

The Cost

The cost of cultivation depends upon labor availability and comes around US $ 550 -1200 per hectare

The cost maintenance of plantation is around US $ 100-200 per year per hectare

The cost of oil extraction roughly comes about US $ 0, 12 / kg

The cost of Bio Diesel is largely dependent on the choice of feedstock and the size of the production facility.
 Top

The goal of CJP, if non-food feedstock is used, the fuel will cost depending on the country approximately US $ 0, 40 per liter plus tax when applicable.

CJP is set to become one of the world's major promoters and producer of Jatropha and other nonfood tree crops focusing on producing Biodiesel from non-food
feed stocks and believes there are globally important opportunities to be exploited….sustainable viable biodiesel business plans. Biofuel's exciting growth
prospects have drawn in investors Well-known/new entrepreneurs are pushing into the sector .Just to facilitate We have introduced various biodiesel business
plans from farming to fuel based on our extensive experience , research and knowledge keeping in view the fact that “Those who fail to plan, plan to fail”

To break the link between biodiesel feedstocks and food products; Jatropha and other non-food oil bearing crops are the cheapest and the
viable business propositions with following independent or combined options:

To Become Owner Of: An Oil Reserve: Start Business of Biodiesel crops Cultivation:

To Become Owner Of: A Crude Oil Well: Start Business Of Bio- Oil- Making:

To Become Owner of: a Diesel Refinery: Start sustainable Business of Biodiesel

1.Jatropha Biodiesel Business Plan

2.Alage Biodiesel Business Plan
3.Jojoba Biodiesel Business Plan
4.Derris Indica (Pongamia pinnata) Biodiesel Business Plan
5.Madhuca indica Biodiesel Business Plan
6.Neem (Azadirachta indica) Biodiesel Business Plan
7.Simarouba (Simarouba glauca) Biodiesel Business Plan
8.Moringa oleifera Biodiesel Business Plan
9.Tumba (Citrullus colocynthis) Biodiesel Business Plan
10.Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Biodiesel Business Plan
11.Ricinus communis Biodiesel Business Plan
12.Camelina Biodiesel Business Plan

For details of different business plan as highlighted above, kindly visit relevant pages

We shall explain that what is the opportunity and how we should intend to capitalize on it, whilst providing sustainable development in the areas within which
we work on the following pages:-

Top

The NEED to plan

Why CJP

The Making of PLAN

The Input/ Output to the plan

The cost of services

While formulating and execution of your ambitious jatropha and other non-food crops based business plan, we provide /undertake:

1. Desk-Top Feasibility Study Report

2. Pre-Feasibility Study Report

3. Complete Consultancy

4. Business Plan making

5. Business Plan Execution

For a detailed quote kindly mail to jatrophaplan@gmail.com or contact

Director

Business Development Division, CJP

B-132, Sainik Basti, Churu-331001

Tele: +91-9413334600 +91-9413334600

E.Mail:jatrophaplan@gmail.com

BUSINESS PLAN

Biodiesel Feasibility Studies and Business Plans

Planning is the key for any business to be profitable and well managed. CJP specializes in developing and presenting business plans to help our clients accomplish
their goals and objectives. A well developed business plan, when implemented, can help any business to maximize profits and to control equity. A business plan can
be defined as a road map, flight plan, and blue prints. Sometimes businesses need a road map to get from point A to point Z. The business plan can help a business
implement business strategies to accomplish their goals and objectives.

One of the most significant mistakes that biodiesel project developers make is to fail to see the business plan as an important tool and project guide that not only
reflects how well the business strategy and its implementation have been thought out and developed, but also indicates whether the project developer is capitalizing
on business opportunities. Feasibility studies and business plans are critical for investments for developers. A well-thought-out business plan can be one of the best
time management tools for a biodiesel project developer

A feasibility study is not a substitute for a business plan. In general, feasibility studies identify business opportunities that can be implemented. Business plans use a
strategy to optimize the opportunities presented by a feasibility study. Essentially, a feasibility study provides an opportunity to clarify a business plan by
enumerating and analyzing the risks and returns of a capital project.

The business plan should identify production costs, as well as operating costs, including equipment, land, construction permitting, labor, inputs and financing,
utilities, and financial projections. The business plan should be a living document that changes and grows with the project. Initially, the business plan may state the
goals for the project. Performing the right kind of analysis, using up-to-date information, and using the most complete detailed evaluation will save time and money
for your project. The right kind of feasibility or business plan can prevent costly mistakes, understand complex tradeoffs, identifies unique opportunities, increase
profitability, reduce risks, and provide all the answers necessary for investors and developers to make accurate, timely decisions.

Biofuels’ exciting growth prospects have drawn in investors Well-known/new entrepreneurs are pushing into the sector Just to facilitate we have introduced biodiesel
 business plans from farming to fuel based on our extensive experience, research and knowledge keeping in view the fact that “Those who fail to plan, plan to fail”

CJP clients utilize the biodiesel business plan as a management tool for the current time period and future strategic planning. It covers the executive summary,
mission statement, financing, marketing, management, operations, and supporting documents. The business plan is constructed to be the product explaining
features and benefits of the business opportunity.

Biodiesel Feasibility Studies and Business Plans

Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel (CJP) is the Global authority for scientific commercialization of Jatropha fuel crop.

Based on our proprietary knowledge and extensive experience gained we have developed and enhanced a wide range of Products just to ensure

CJP can offer Biodiesel renewable energy projects with many plans, resources and proven profitable models. Our specialty is business planning with
the focus on high productivity and profitability. We make the integration of our experience and professional knowledge with your information and
formulate customized Jatropha and other following nonfood biodiesel business plan:-

THE MAKING OF A PLAN

A feasibility study and a business plan are essential steps in developing a successful biodiesel business. However it is not easy to prepare an excellent business plan.

Centre for Jatropha promotion & biodiesel (CJP) has been working in the field of Jatropha and other nonfood oil crop promotion for biodiesel production and become a
pioneer of biodiesel crops Plantation &Production.

CJP’s research findings and on-hand field experiences in respect of various technical, agronomical/silvicultural aspects of plantations of nonfood biodiesel crops in
various categories of land as well under different plantation models have resulted in significant improvements in knowledge and technical background related to
Productivity, profitability and sustainability of commercial production of jatropha oil crop. Based on our proprietary knowledge and extensive experience gained we have
developed Based on our proprietary knowledge and extensive experience gained we have developed and enhanced a wide range of Products for creating a

With its extensive experiences in the field, enhanced technology, plant science &
professional knowledge, effective consulting service and business intelligence CJP can clearly understand the business model, products and services, production,
marketing and provides all aspects of feasibility analysis and business development including assessments of the following: crop production, crushing, co-product
markets, feedstock acquisition and contracting, technology analysis, risk analysis specific to biodiesel technology, feedstock, markets, and general project risks, market
and financial analysis.

We make the integration of our experience and professional knowledge with your information. We provide in depth analysis of crop cultivation and crop care part of
plan for which we have team of agronomist and plant scientists, and then we have engineers and experts in biodiesel industries to finish the technology and production
part of business plan. We have professionals in accounting to complete financial and economics part. CJP can offer the type of consulting that only numerous years of
leadership in the biodiesel market can provide at an affordable price.

Top

CJP can help clients identify the needs, opportunities and solutions of their local, regional and national markets. By identifying these needs and providing management
direction, CJP can help in creating a perfect business plan in order to develop and manage an effective and successful biodiesel facility. The most critical component of
any business plan is the pro forma, an educated view or projection of what the performance of a company is capable of, given a specific set of assumptions and
conditions. CJP has been involved in identifying these needs for specific projects for a number of years and can help develop a realistic and obtainable:

• Income Statement

• Balance Sheet

• Capital Budget

• Cash Flow
 • Break-even Analysis

• Sensitivity Analysis

• Assumptions Governing the Pro-jections

These projections will be valuable in determining feasibility of the project, securing financing, attracting investment and guiding management so that the company can
reach its full potential.

Input and Output

Biodiesel Feasibility Studies and Business Plans

While undertaking plan formation with desk top feasibility study report, we shall have relied on Primary inputs supplied by you, our IPR knowledge & research
experiences and expertise in the field; on industry experts and secondary information derived from recognized public sources and via CJP's database and multi-client
reports. [Plan size: <5000 ha]
and in second scenario where we first perform pre feasibility study(PFS) report and make the plan on the basis of outcome of the PFSR, our IPR knowledge & research
experiences and expertise in the field; on industry experts and secondary information derived from recognized public sources and via CJP's database and multi-client
reports [Plan size: >5000 ha]

No two projects are the same, and the standard boilerplate should not be applied to yours.

While there is a lot of time and effort that goes into the development of a business plan including performing feasibility studies identify business opportunities that can
be implemented. Business plans use a strategy to optimize the opportunities presented by a feasibility study. Some of these elements can be more effectively targeted
when you have the experience that CJP has in the industry. CJP offers a better product for less money than most other companies doing targeted Jatropha biodiesel
consultancy.

THE TECHNOLOGY
The training programmes are designed in such a way that the participants can start planting straightaway. The
economics of growing, package of practices, processing aspects and marketing will be presented. There will also be a
field visit for the participants.

This hi-tech training package provides general outline and the easy-to-follow training approach of given the agro-
ecological, climatic and socio-cultural diversity. It does offer practical advice and technology options for establishing
jatropha farms in a variety of climates (humid, sub humid and semi-arid).

Establishment of Jatropha farms requires both technical and managerial solutions to problems encountered in the
field. Field workers can arrive at the appropriate technical solutions (e.g. soil improvement, crop productivity, input
requirements) soon after they have participated in the training course. This training package follows these steps,
carefully integrating technical and managerial issues.

The course materials provide an introduction to each topic and are distributed to the participants during each
training session after set out a programme of activities and technical information on each topic
THE PROCESS
Professional agriculturists, foresters and horticulturists teach how to plant and care for new plantation. This would
involve initial planting of nuts, seedlings or stems followed by training in propagation to better yields. Also, training
is given in pruning to develop a well branched canny. They also teach about proper fertilization and irrigation that
may increase nut production.

The Technology Leaflets provides information on the technical, planning and management skills necessary for
creating jatropha farms, and opportunities for, improving technical skills for attaining better harvest and have
practical meaning to the participants.

The training course is designed for 5 days. The course has been designed as follows: Sessions 1 through 6 each
require half a day; Sessions 7 and 8 each require a full day. If the participants have relatively weak horticultural
backgrounds, however, more time may have to be spent in their studying the Technology Leaflets. The participant
shall have visit jatropha activities/factories/labs with an objective to Learning by doing.

COURSE OUTLINE
The course enables participants to associate themselves from Concept to Commercialization of viable Jatropha projects right after undergoing the programme as it aims
to cover all aspectsof Jatropha oil crop as summarized below:

• Jatropha Plant science & Technology

• Jatropha fuel crop – Concepts, sources, bio diversity and potential as renewable energy

• Jatropha Crop Science

• Jatropha Crop Ecology and Chain Innovations

• Jatropha Crop Cultivation & Jatropha Crop care

• Jatropha post harvest processing components

• Jatropha Development programmes for crop improvement breeding –breeding‐ tissue culture

• Jatropha crop management techniques for crop production and crop protection

• Jatropha crops Production and processing techniques

• Jatropha Crop Productivity, profitability, sustainability

• Field visit to the crop fields and oil extraction pilot plant

• Jatropha Economics and Marketing

• Jatropha intercropping technology

• Jatropha and CDM‐ aspects

Introduction of biodiesel as a fuel

• History

• International applications and production

• Properties

• Specifications

• Application of biodiesel

• Impact on emission

• Impact on lubricity and engine wear

• Material compatibility with biodiesel

• Precautions

• Effect of temperature on fuel

• Engine warranty
Safety requirements

• Methanol/Ethanol

• Acids/Bases
Chemistry of Oil and Fats

• Triglycerides

• Free Fatty Acids

• Gums

• The transesterification reaction

Feed stock selection

• Vegetable Oil

• Animal Fat

• Waste Cooking Oil

Oilseed Processing

• Expelling process

○ Choice of Expellers

○ Conditioning and Flaking

○ Extraction rates
 ○ Demonstration of jatropha seed expelling

• Pre-press solvent extraction

○ Video of pre-press solvent extraction process

○ Economics of oil extraction

• Oil refining and impact on biodiesel process

○ Degumming

○ Demonstration of degumming

○ Free Fatty Acid

Biodiesel process

• Catalyst Type

○ Caustic

○ Acid

○ Solid

• Single versus multiple step

• Demonstration of transesterification (lab and pilot scale)

Separation process

• Settling

• Centrifuge

• Demonstration of biodiesel/glycerine separation

Washing

• Objectives

• Water Wash

• Dry Wash
Methanol recovery system

• Objectives

• Methodology

• Demonstration of methanol recovery

Quality standard of biodiesel

• ASTM specifications

• EN specifications

• BIS specifications

• Objectives of standards

• Discussion of on party analysis

• Overview of instruments used for quality determination

Glycerol recovery system

• Overview of glycerol uses

• Properties

• Market

○ Value in chemicals/pharmaceutical application

○ Feeding application

○ Value addition of glycerol

Biodiesel Plant design

• Fully automated

• Semi automated small scale

• Tank Farm

• Site Plan

• Waste Treatment

• Permits and environmental impacts

• Handling and blending

• Fuel Storage and stability

Economics of biodiesel

• Capital cost

• Production cost

• Sales cost

• Inventory management

• Marketing

• Insurance

• Development of a business plan

 • Regulatory issues

• Fuel taxes ad government incentives

Visit to Jatropha Properties

Contact Us
Global Flora Biotech
#1274, RSB Towers,
MTP Road, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India - 641043.
Phone :
Fax : (+91) 422 5382563
Email : globalflora@yahoo.com