ital_nymber system Ny by eet —nomber System so decemal Cdivide— by _P) Pal iely by a $20 _fo°decinal ‘Crit diply_ ty say PF ee ee neta fa nie by ao ot o'e' g! aap of % dem devin! ph Wiocclensi A ohm 1 ee te Base_? Li 1 are_dec 7 ea ne : after decimal. - Pepe iy ge 8280-7 “0nge ronozondal'trsignedd binary putahor (00219 |) ab decioral—no~vopreseafad—by— Magy 1) Babe ynsignad__bi § Signal hi aL Sion _magat Is Ss. Coy 494d lloilo OLOILO 5» p—Oll0ulo -54 o1dilo 1001001 1001040 +3 Comb" 3 to + = (of"-i) bo ai +r) code o's Comp Aste lt woof bits “onused comb’ __clerimal_no_vepreseit a bit 100 = <4 a iL Lovd ta, O0--:0_ -2 a Scanned with CamScannernote: 74 sign bit is “I theo Jake 25 complemert- a7 oterwise nog * To mate 6 bid No. 72 bid additional bit added cohich is “ equal to sign bits — “00000! -> ocoo0v0! ba ~ Sign bit. = ——D_if—cany_presm_add_te_last dig L a ' i) Siga_kid "0° —> rrvld va Comal _Gorm) yr ; ii) yy —> —w (4's complement fom) > i fou reo _( or_15 2 9s complemen), _ } D_ using Cio e Cout 2) uring YZ = a ‘a : _—— Go Cout Over Ineo Yo 2 avarffow iA O Oo OMe avrfhy QO yd 4 ogy Ay jj _o ( LN, pect Ose OF =e 4 1 oo LO tp — a | \ | O= fa avorfls O OM) «7% = q é —)) Qverflous Overflow: XYZ 4+ T V2. ae il ot XR ye ap of Ub yon j _ — > sn of oevelt _ | 9's’ Complemen.. vi) aa ! )_ disc if = i)_sige bg ==" nos se Cooma) Acam). es id) Sn fit 4° — > as iowa “(axis fomplmot) = xtt_Ocdal _nundhar System St Qui = sultply by 8*a'a’-6 Gala). + al shina! — cok (8 Bu 201. 100), : s + octal to hex Hex octal s D tlex umber yshom ‘ q —" Jo decimal + Yo 4» biwoy «Her _to_octal ; nude Wy Mile _(iea-§) (ute ee \ La>. Bp pestsinal_tob fet bo 2 AN pe tO — sn ; , - a 7 ui ~~ . Stannca with —m ‘ae Pen Aan F808 ag ee Bea —facker 54), Seca iad Com digi in bit Is a yh ary) bn pack De Reg O0ae0 0! 00009 190" (every oligik in bed by ) = ABiBR TS 2 = ABC+ ABCHABE e é =0) [Y= 0, foe" even no” pa'gon__ D=2, necdl cA AGRO BLY =O- N-2e0n 2A NORE \ et Covivalen td — vi = AB+RB A®oz f+ AAI (A=B, y= 2) alee (U8 far_e10 np A@l = A * AoR-o Wi 4 | 80 BOR. -n=4 y=neven ole:-) A®A= Aop ¢ = Dip te even Jp = B D ed A@Bac = Aono c - 3 ip odd ilp 4 Scanned with CamScannerex Gale, is @ngbled 16 lp Chonge as isp Chenge Solp 15 Bited nod chargitgl then YA ' : bon} Drive alo ec eee oc) a _ = —DMAMD Yale —|leqic {WO of | tho of - = wot S AnD OR = le | MAND | Mog =a La—eDp= tap —¢ Jom ACD nor | en i > ues pf a An | 3 : a 5 ok | 3 | 2 ax, | Fan Exoe| 4 a | Ex Wok lceNog| 5 4 x 9 pO) 48 (——-Do — s=D-1, (Dating = © sales G ola) = S Mok gafe L ul ppppdga0 eae PE fee = E im \ = an = Tas =i Tp == == hr = Fie SO iim = 102 SD = a =8777 i S AOE. a 7 rc 4: ov t ; | “hie b= ou dejico's 6 ; a See —— ‘Scanned with CamScanner—Pigtni I vp telah) 3 HB Jogie 0° Lp = & ly 62g —_ as nanan: rs bid tot diag eee ee deCLowe) fas eae aaa hea take AB 2 in_padallel thn Joke +A he ae Always Jake complement “of tho end. Pass transistor (2 is _ueak) sf? F \ B= faaie 0) Bi = Jogic 4 \p_a [ = oe sp BOR a gh Ra 8 impedence . he Be" foaye 0: B= fogic Y A QR Y Lf Ne Mesochicis gacyerl | OO: 3 a . Noo.d Traps mi 08 gate Gis shomy A ' ». i BR teaic 0 ] Yea I Bw Y B= Loge iy. B cope = a { Q ‘ hs ASSO 2 = B= logic “a i re Nad iL os id . PY te doiet: Te lL Re y : “10.0, 9 Om = ; ~ Te G+ \ Vaz TIT | | Scanned with CamScanner_ X -——Bo0lean ALGEBRA —= Aino the” aol 3} diab fam il Demag A020 _At0-0 The "pane = (kay) (zz) = 221 shee? cn Ra —-— fabs, — xAY2 | Res 4 * —— eude' =>) 4 variable 3 ' AB +BC 4. AC? ABIEC dem 5_00e_vorable si ete im (+8) (80) (Ric) = (Ma Cr 40) i &i0 Complomentod 7 K&+8 ea C= BF 2c 2) Result Calon thes, fea = (AaB " q npn — iE 4 t ae Cf Lip tanh! 4 2 § 16 2° - heh Belen eros. “a 16 256 65536 Br = "1 “hj j= 8s Jui) I change oe o—> + NOwe Complemenf “narabl EI he p> tho apitble 2 as.) } cZamplimads” ‘etman (complement variable) _~ ; choy 4-4 emt Complement Gach = f o> in? ° yariahle ! = T__* Boolean pe ion. Leprose tation: ; = Jy Stadard _£ Every foam Mity ar ory pad (bdo all van oh/o) = FAA: hs BE +A BC = 2) Cononical torn tnust Condoin aL. variah Jes) = Emlssd (ARC) = ge +0RC > Comainal Sop = Midis FAR C) iagaZ) (A+B4c) (RiB+0) > Cnenical POS = . _Copanical ot teed iyi => minkams —> represen lye 't go ' dogic 0° —> B. xara = A = |___Conanical POS ~> wepx zi = iC 0 ge i Logic 0'—= A 5 d6ic Ve =A © Scanned with CamScannerSs ——S.voriable —> ¢ minterms. “7 ma leams A _Noriable —> isk {atte a_i) Single Scanned with CamScannerAR FRMMATIC cipcume ‘ Half addes— 7 _ B Sum Cony — Sum: hOB Oo de 0 a bdalolylalnlpl alo = Sm _ pad cenny Candy = AB od 1} 0. i 7 | 0 | O. _—2) Hal? Substoactow Lt ee | 5 A@R A _B BOW wpe — Pitgnenet a ops Ee Rea eee F660 oy | 3) full Adds im) (ea) a i Ll o Os Ht. Fo eu Fe suo Sum: hOBOC = Cig ma} Met fF Cout Carry 2 AR+BC+ AC 5 = Same for -Prrram Propmalin dy 2 Didsorence p.0 } W727 G F Ae oQhs eek, i CP’ a = Belay of follaion is de _highen amare SPD4 CoD _—4) full Substractor aco_= ABBR ees = 08 paran = RCHABiAc = ¢ =f Subshaclor}—7 Borrow i + anal _Abler a —Ripple— cary addes = Wwteran ss = - \ hobs @ Pe Br cm Bg fe Be Sek halla zit itt ir ee Z nAlEp. 1 . it IT, IT ' ll _ 4, fo 3s, COBY Ehisany CFD) aa fl (sco (5PD+ 300) (fxn) v [ DANE canned with omenSpee ae ae pa lB paral of Talal (Pas 446 / ce oa glen — no aoe’ Jat = Tolal 300 = 9. gt ate Lp_bit I To aaa EA ——— 7 . . Draw heed oA_a bt Il Cony lta do void fax toate? j Leah. ee Camry Se ee ome = Pelee Gi + =_P.6 26 — ge Att, =P. (DalatbalS, Ky 2 be Gt, = PP a faa lP.bo~ : LPs Gi rG e pps dats Ch, + Deloy_of -and-gale—¢ na cp) 5 Ed “ign Ue 0 orl Bp comy genezaiee_block bi : a 1g 5 e Lsaeied io! Amp. gate = nimi) Za No af A Anp_gate= tog 4 je ap ; eed Eo gate Lh of slp:Coinb™ | = + 8Co poof bik fo-of.Com bh psp AB Cg) = A Hee i yiCae 8): RA +AB= AOB. obit iz é Z —f ACB) = AB > bit - G4 a yo [MB ahd 956 120 _16 lh. .4 Mbit <¢ 224 % ar J mT TT TT | il Scanned with CamScannercoma BIMATIONAL C1RC. 1 SEG. IW. NDI DD ~~ Muldipleves (nvr) Criany. Ho. “ond eee eee Q -)_ 2:1 mMox - Foul Te Seto Sat] [eo ¥ (o.0) 0.) 42) : | 2 G05, Bo +5154 $05, Tiss “ 7 a Pa a 4 to ao + aie_ ple (ns — ly = ees Ls = | iF 2 S24 | oe = ve One Dit in a i tae 3” Slage 22 } = = 3 | lor gale CU 2A) 2) Aw) gato (Y= A-g) Fal 1 AOAC) sT¢ cfs ys BA) = Ala) “Th \ iF 3) Ta if (i ro 4) Waa gale (= BB) ek ou Tis AG) 24] tI Ae do JeRBIRB] + T yy Ret FB) Ve TT Scanned with CamScanner oy Mm ininiAlAl ny r |@ pS & annone fr fot gre J awn, of, NoT only one2 4. MMut_'3 cvequined. _ WAND, NOR, 20R, 7Nop. Jusd_2:b_muk_13Fequiver—< ako called Universal Logic. —.gle.-a5. ory gale plemented. mplemeat all. gades using 441 bk 3).wann (kB) 4) moe CbeB)— BB —— 56 + = -5)_xor(A@g) 4) xNoR (208) Anpol Gf Co, E, Zn, Ts) 08 — =a; every gale }s_same a i ayia | y ifs > taf dohle eA Dy (8). a yeh Oo! 0-55, = al al al = i Lae = — fe ial ds Te Demoltples i : —=s Comes, —s —s = TT : ncaleet So —s dings oO TO —s ‘ m9) 1:4 Domuy Set Bt —s ys. IS. Sa Yo Vy Yo Vs 15ol 6 o TOO 0 Set O11 OF 9 O a 3254 So 7 Lo O00 To = Lj Oo“ T Scanned with CamScannera ry Ja demu tte quart, —inploned 1:16 dey lb fy bet 2 ~ ince Et u ils pel age eI een —* Davee ce Ie, = hepato af! Yor ERB = fossi Ne PRE fechialas ended Yo2 FAB! So toraal ChL of Bae | Ye: EAB dado is samo 4 14.dea = “0 Implement A 16 dlecedo, ity 9 94 decades a | H- Va | 7. ih 1 — Tada t8 a at or ia 7 ENCODER * ' s ) 422 Encoder : Tbe ys aT. JTs0T Ti Te. YY, an | air Yo2 TAT. 9oOo!l ogo = Ser Om ag 97} =. Th Ancodey ata ting tly 0 1 EGG ee, =| E-One__ifp con _be gwl1O0o QO | | = ~—it_will_nof work. cor needy = parte use pails gil Ss i y 2 : Ff ae Ido hy \ | oO O01 00 Wins En] fi Se a VO0o a min - , aes eee canner242) Sur) 0 0000. OO 0000 0000 - | 0.00! 0100 p01 000) = 2 aolo olol polo 0010 a 3 Colt Olio oo ool a ak 0100 Oli) 0100 0100 = <5 lol ooo. O10! olo! 5 6 O40 loon 010 0 Lo a ? OV olo Ou Ol! | < 000 ou \W10 000. ‘ iy 9 001 W006 LL lool ws Scanned with CamScannerSEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS Lakh insu Laeeeian DE ——) WAND Nath (tive BR Oy ¢ gale “ond vice versa a 2t—Flip Flop i) 5-2 EIF — HE Clk $2 6. 0, a Dos—=a/g ” Pe! 0 XX On" ty ck "ead, So 1 00 & & gh Lele pp Of, 1 o1 O | | behave os Nok latch latch only Excifatin toble 520 zs 0,0 SR + szLR0 ( mx ; “ey 0 | 1 0 26 REL 1 @ O01 14 x Xx Soe I a canneshy chasactoris fic _tdble_ R me 8 x r SO Od Fate — @ o. | 0-0 i ee tp | — 2 0 | ie) _ = fee 1 9g 'o 4 [9en = 6+ RO, — oe | o 1 = oz | | ox Qnowback of s-RF/E ieveligl —— = 0 dedege 4 Ik CE = men) I-« i —! Ck yb OO, ae Ep ce ce I —1P G, ol QO 4, 2, olp —_ = ah [oto 1 = = dehja | 1 9 | 0 5 = Charactoris He le i aM a On = Compre ” 7 ODay \eoo ae (royale) — =p 0 oO eT 7 =O | PD PY CT = 4 1 7 0 —— _ SS Oo. | hs [@ = 1Grk Op) _ ee | 0708 [. % we uae 4 =< LO. L Excifioa table ie 0 Dy Dr Tk ‘i ao ox 4 EE Oe 0. | |_ x 4 2 it 0 Gl qj vy \ xX @O i Drauphack of J Ele i mace around cond ov clock ace Scanned with CamScannerRace creed Cond fio — aster i Chk —=f3—8 a i ai fluchale fer oto ey pa ta sah ise_ cohen clog I ca hence ace _Cood” cco ec Race aronnd —in Tk_FIE tf, za ws oS _5)_D_FlF Cp = Of) (-charaedeishe lable FF Clk DP Gy! Gay 1D Oy On = Pap eo ke to 0 = zy ah aE hoo 1 10 | 0 © $ Ty 1 150 “el 0 | \_excitabion fable os _aa Qn, Q | 2 =I d 5 oo. O° Wr [) 4 O 1 1 ©! | a ] Scanned with CamScanneraS Ss os = Qo Ele A Cn) ST F = Lhe = = - WS Excitation tah — _ es x ee eee = SA 0 | 4 —o | 0 — —_ Fa __| | = —. = wa PConvess! 9 FE to Th EVE - ~ i — a Chasacl tohle of qk Excilatian foble ag D = Tk aio D. q , = O20! Ao 0 a Lai O10. jy 1 ' a o | qo 0 0 ue Ag o1 | 06 Ges = 5 Oo o® ! hy > 1501 ae 1 Sy cy | "1 @OpiaaE | | : y tt parte TT o D=IG@+«EQ 7 EQONON Nn nay Scanned with CamScanner3 SHIET REGISTERS — [out Chey ‘EO G, Lot. O_O Teen ia polo. Gis) —— _Gou) Qo Oa IN —1) ap. FH | fa a Ae pose Gah ee gale lea = aN b>, qft—p, Ds oo, q lai _0 Os, gee ol {fo IF a Ig I’. 09g i L: 2 1 1 09 | 4 bid 500 3 oO} | oF AAW: ; =P) clk pulse A106 ue 2 Read _n bit dada —>- 0" clle pulse ~ . - a) Posallol "zo Serial Out (P13a) = ZB. Ello. ZN FN [whoa Conta 20 = I | a Ci. SaaS 2 G oft @ QF 007, = : ata Fal cd = % @ Mux ts Connected 4 = {cx [ei jr la" pas* (lp is 30x)" = Coma_| | L | = | = ip DOT ge { |) THOR IS —Comneedad —to—“-—fos = = | (0/p =1) 4 VAAN S RAN \ a canner My NN cannerOUT. 7 FS _ note: aoe Te efi One bid id. eo pg al cies in Patallel_< oul ol Coupe). oe Tne 1 bit dah—> tlk le pike Read _n_bid a = = cl lhe — Ea _molhiphed p—2 —000l =| 1) UN Fan Oolo = 4 aoe ihe Bj 7 by tuo = C a pera —* COUNTER ~ Fe Rayack Ripple ea) - 1) 2° bit Caynlee a = bit on +b he dap Cond Oa clk g Tur 4 ST aE ed LP LPS Su @, | qe ten _ aio +e _edgo 2 10 n } ¥ eS triggdeed aC 1k % ee 4. 0-0.G20 | > C 4 ea —_ 4 Tek = Sap eae oR th nto GE SA a a. z ti at fetus) aie a. at] i 7 a He =| 3 iE ea oe A |) Tok Q 6 2k - pet fes,__ 2 _01hpe | om ‘triggesed 3) us lJ. | 7 0. ye ak os = ’ —— Scanned with CamScanner2 bil ov Med Lo divide dehy ap Cove ea eda : inet) v Zz 3 Y= down G ~v0 —ahe Pijeed. 9 clk of ext Ae Down Covitor Prk of ert Fle} UP Covnler Nariations — 4 ia ) | | a a [ fan | Levp rs egal 2 Reset &_" )tsing 1" guoerfed she > Usha k flop do all fx _R: @, 0.0. State) oy bol use Smal Pe PS + Timing Analysis of Asyechoncus Counfor Worst case propagafion delay =_n Tp - Vl 707, pd ek ii € ae: aq | Che _— iss nf — Pees z Ih Gre exceeds Ck ie shot 13 ft Thin Slipping IES ex CU /7 ive: Scanned with CamScannerA Aamiakin io A — FALE = = Tia ss Cs aE: WB, TO * TOn ,, = Tn +E 3 G,,,=-D, = = dhs OM = + Dost = Gy VO =. : cs Poa = ae — 4 = oa Le Sunchionar Count F — ——— a Worst sie Propagat ian pd = — — Telk > tpd = — folk : [besa 2: = a a fo Tab my = =o D) Ring Countor = | eg Peppa ok oo = faa ie peg EL 1 0 0 10 peg A pik Aiy cospher losing 2 6 | O00 Ko DFE 3 1 0 O00 Scanned with CamScannerp_sohwson Counden —paiasled ag _ON* Clk, 05 0, Q, — Toda: 0 Scanned with CamScanner