VI Semester B.Sc.

Examination, April/May-2019
(CBCS-Fresh+Repeaters)()(2016-17 and Onwards)
CHEMISTRY (Paper-VII)
Inorganic Chemistry
Scheme of Valuation

PART-A
12 Questions------------8 questions are to be answed ---------2 m for each
question = 16
Q.No Expected answer Marks
1. Give the IUPAC name of the following complexes. 1 mark
Ans: i) K4 [NiF6] Ans: Potassium hexafluro nickelate[II] each
ii)[PtCl2(NH3)4]Br2
Ans:TetramminedichloroPlatinum[IV]bromide
2. Write the optical isomers of [Co(en)3]3+ ion.
Ans: 2marks

3. What are Low spin complexes? Give an example.

Ans: The complexes in which there are no unpaired electrons in
the hybridised d-orbitals of the metal ion due to the influence
of ligands, such complexes are known as low spin
complexes. OR When Crystal field splitting energy (Δ) is
large (strong field ligand), the electrons will first fill in Def:1M
the lower energy d orbitals before any electrons are placed Example
on the higher energy d orbitals. It is then classified as low :1mark
spin because there is a minimal amount of unpaired
electrons.
Ex: [Co (NH3)6] +3, [Fe (CN) 6]-4.

4. Name the catalyst used in: i) Monsanto acetic acid process 1mark
ii) Alkene hydrogenation. each.
-
Ans: i) [Rh(CO)2I2] ii) [(Ph3P)Rh]Cl OR [((C6H5)3 P)Rh]Cl
Wilkinson’s catalyst.
5. Mention the raw materials used in the manufacture of Anytwo
Ceramics. 1mark
Ans: 1.Clay 2.Feldspar 3.Sand or Quartz each.
 6. What is the significance of PCE value of a refractory 1mark
material? each.
Ans: 1. It indicates the ability of a refractory material to
withstand and exposure to high temperature without
deformation, which is also known as refractoriness.
2.The choice of a suitable refractory material can be made
by knowing its PCE value.
7. Cullets are used during the manufacture of glass. Give 2marks
Ans: reasons.
During the manufacture of glass, cullets gets heated and
provides enough heating for the melting and mixing of
other raw materials and helps in recrystallization of glass.
Hence they are used for manufacture of glass.
8. Give any two advantages of gaseous fuels. Any two
Ans: 1.Rate of burning can be controlled easily. 1mark
2. Have a high calorific value. each
3. Easily transported through pipes.
4. Complete combustion occurs with little of air
5. High thermal efficiency
6. Smoke and ash are not produced during burning avoiding
air pollution.

9. Explain the role of following trace elements in biological

systems.i)Copper ii) Iron.
Ans: Copper:It is a component of redox enzymes& hemocyanine
which is oxygen carrier in aquatic creatures.
It is also essential for proper use of Iron for the formation of 1 mark
haemoglobin.Copper containing enzymes play important Each
role in pigmentation of skin & functioning of brain.
Iron: It is a component of haemoglobin & myoglobin
It is also a component of enzymes such as peroxidases.
10. Write a short note on Fullerenes.
Ans: Fullerene is a pure carbon molecule containing at least
60 carbon atoms in the form of hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube
and many other shapes. Fullerenes are similar in structure Overall
to graphite, which is composed of stacked graphene sheets of valuatio
linked hexagonal rings; they may also contain pentagonal (or n
sometimes heptagonal) rings. Ex: C-60, C-70, C-76 C-82
11. Give any two engineering applications of conducting Ant two
Ans: polymers. 1mark
1. Conducting polymers are useful in discharging large each
quantities of static electricity in computer industries & in
chemical industries. This can be accomplished by coating the
conducting polymer over an insulating   surface. Hence
conducting polymers are used as antistatic.
2. Conducting polymers can absorb harmful electromagnetic
radiation. Hence they are used to coat on the cases of
computer monitors and cell phones.
3.  Printed circuit boards are used in electrical and electronic
instruments. They contain copper coated epoxy   resins
which are expensive and have less adhesive nature.
But polymer sheets coated with conducting polymers are
inexpensive and have better adhesive properties.
4. Artificial intelligent materials: These are also called
as smart materials. The interesting aspects of these  
materials is that they can remember configuration and can
confirm when exactly the same stimulus is given.    This  
property can be utilized in generating pass words where
high security is required
12. Give any two commercial uses of C60. 1 mark
Ans: i) Anti-viral activity: the fullerenes of C-60 and its each for
derivatives have potential anti-viral activity which has strong each
implication on the treatment of HIV infection. applicati
ii) Photosensitization on
iii) Antioxidants
iv) Drug and gene delivery
PART-B
13 Questions------------9 questions are to be answed ---------6 m for each
question = 54
Q.No Expected answer
Based on crystal field theory, explain the splitting of d-
13.a) orbitals in octahedral complexes.
According to the crystal field theory, the ligands are
Ans: considered as point charges. In an octahedral complex, Position of
the metal ion is considered to be at the center of an ligands in
octahedron and the six ligands approach it along the octahedral
three axes. field-1M

Loss of
 degenarac
y of d
orbitals&s
plitting(dia
gram)-3M

The ligands exert an electrostatic force of repulsion on

the outer d-electrons. This repulsion raises the energy of
the degenerate d orbitals to give five excited degenerate
orbitals which is hypothetical. The lobes of the two
orbitals d x2-y2 and dz2(eg) are more concentrated on the
axes along which the ligands are approaching. Hence the
electrons in these orbitals suffer a greater repulsion than
the t2g set of orbitals that is dxy, dyz, and dzxwhich lie in
between the axes. Thus in an octahedral field, the d-
subshell is split into two sets of e g has higher energy and
the other set t2g has lower energy as shown in the diagram.
The splitting of five degenerate d-orbitals of metal ion
under the influence of approaching ligands, into two sets
of orbitals having different energies is called crystal field
splitting. The magnitude of difference in energy between
13.b) the two sets of orbitals is designated as ∆o.
Ans: Eq-1M
Calculate EAN of [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3. Atomic No of Cr=24 Sub-1M
EAN=Z-X+Y where Z= atomic no,X=primary valancy or ox
no,Y=no of electrons .EAN=24-3+12=33
14.a) Discuss the following with respect to coordination
complexes.
i) Hydrate Isomerism.
ii) Ionisation Isomerism.
Ans: i)Hydrate Isomerism: This type of isomerism occurs
among aqua complexes which possess same number of 2marks
water molecules. However the number of coordinated each
 water and hydrated water molecules vary in the (explanatio
complexes. n-
Example: [Cr (H2O)6 Cl3] – violet color and [Cr (H- 1M&exam
2O)5Cl]Cl2. H2O – green and [Cr (H2O)4Cl2]Cl .2H2O – ple-1M)
dark green. All these complexes contain same number
water molecules but different number of molecules of
water as water of hydration and ligands.
ii)Ionisation Isomerism: This type of isomerism occurs
among complexes, due to change in the position of groups
inside and outside the coordination sphere. Therefore,
when the complexes are dissolved in a solvent(water),they
ionize and give rise to different ions in solutions.
Example: Consider two complexes with same molecular
formula Co(NH3)5Br.SO4.
Complex-1-[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4-Red-violet,ionizes to give
sulphate ions which gives white ppt with BaCl2 solution.

[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 ⇆ [Co(NH3)5Br]2+ + SO4 2-

SO4 2- + BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓

White ppt
Complex-2 -[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br –Red, ionizes to give
bromide ions which gives a light yellow ppt with AgNO3
solution.
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br ⇆ [Co(NH3)5SO4]+ + Br-

Br- + AgNO3 → AgBr↓

Pale yellow ppt

Mention any two limitations of Valence bond theory.

14.b) 1. Fails to explain the colour and spectral properties of
Ans: complexes.
2. Fails to explain the stabilities of complexes. Any two
3. It does not explain the variation of magnetic moments 1M each
of complexes with temperature.
4.The theory does not consider the orbital motion of
electrions for calculation of magnetic moments.(spin only
value is considered)
5. The classification of complexes into inner and outer
orbital complexes, based on magnetic behavior is not
satisfactory.
6. VBT doesnot satisfactorily explain why certain
 complexes of the same metal in are low spin while others
are high spin.(contribution of ligands to colour, magnetic
properties & structure is not considered).

15.a) Discuss the geometry &magnetic property of [CoF6]3-

complex, based on Valence bond theory.
Ans: 1).The element cobalt has outer electronic configuration
of 3d74s2 and Co3+ ion has the outer configuration is
3d64s0(orbital diagram). Explanatio
2).Under the influence of fluoride ligands,the electrons in
n-3M
3d orbital does not undergo pairing.Hence there are no
Diagram-
empty 3d orbitals available for hybridization.
3).Huggens suggested that instead of inner 3d orbitals, the 1M
outer, 4s,4p and two of 4d orbitals which are empty, can
be used for hybridization to form six sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.
The central metal ion accepts 6x2=12 electrons forming 6
co-ordinate bonds with the ligand.
The complex is an outer orbital complex having the
structure of octahedral geometry.

Structure: F-
 F- F-
Co3+

F-
F-
4).Since the complex contains four un paired electrons, it
is paramagnetic.

15.b) What are chelating ligands? Give an example. Def-1M

Ans: Ligands which donate more than 2 pairs of electrons to Exa-1M
the metal atom forming ring structured complexes, are
known as chelating ligands. Usually bidentate and
polydentate ligands are considered as chelating ligands.
Example: ethylene diammine, dimethylglyoxime, EDTA
etc.
16. a) What are metal carbonyls? Write the structure of
Co2(CO)8
Ans: The coordination complexes of transition metal ions with Def-2M
Carbon monoxide as ligands are known as metal Structure-
carbonyls, in which the oxidation state of metal ion is 2M
zero.

16.b) What is hapticity of a ligand? Give an example for a

dihapto ligand.
Ans: Hapticity of a organo metallic ligand is defined as the Def-1M
number of its carbon atoms through which an organic Ex-1M
ligand forms bonds with the central metal atom in the
compound. It is indicated as ῃn, where n is the number of
atoms coordinated to the ligand.
Example: Dihaptoligand (ῃ2): Two carbon atoms of the
organic ligand is linked to the metal atom. Ex: CH2 =
CH2
17.a) Explain spectral properties of [Ti(H2O)6]3+& [Co(H2O)6] 2+
complexes based on crystal field theory.
Ans:

[Ti(H2O)6]+3 has one d electron. This occupies one of

lower energy d-orbital i.e. one of the t2g orbital.
The complex absorbs energy in the visible region thus
promoting the electron form t2g level to the eg level a 2marks
single broad peak is observed at 20300 cm-1 or at 493nm each.
corresponding to the t2g1 eg1. This helps in calculating
the energy gap between t2gand eg levels in the complex.
Hence on the basis of spectroscopic measurement CFSE
of complex can be calculated.
In the complex [Co(H2O)6] Co3+ is having d7 configuration
water is a strong field ligand hence ∆₀is large. The d-
electrons occupy t2g level orbitals.

The complex shows two absorption bands at8350cm-1and

19400cm-1.
The complex is pink in colour
17.b) What is spectrochemical series?
Ans: The arrangement of common ligands in the increasing Def-
order their field strengths to split the d-orbitals is called 2Marks
spectrochemical series.Ex: OH-< C2O42-< H2O <
NH3………
18.a) Describe the manufacture of Carborundum.
Ans: Silicon Carbide is called carborandum, it is an abrasive.
 The Charge consists of 56% SiO 2, 35% Coke, 7% saw dust
and 2% salt. The charge is powdered and fed into the Compositio
furnace where carbon electrodes are kept horizontally at n of
the center leaving a gap in between as shown in the charge-1m
Diag-1m
diagram. Expla-2m

An electric arc is struck between the electrodes which

produces a heat of 3000K for 36hrs.SiC formed at the gap
of two electrodes. The saw dust keeps the mass porous
and facilitates easy escape of gaseous products. Salt acts
as a flux and makes the mass easily fusible. The black
strip is cooled for 24 hours. Washed repeatedly with
sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide to remove the
impurities and then dried and graded.
What is spalling? How does it occur?
Cracking or flaking of a refractory due to uneven
18.b) expansion or contraction as result of sudden variation of
Ans: temperature is called spalling. Def-1mark
It may also occur due to mechanical causes like careless Reason-
handling procedures such as charging, removal of 1mark
products and slag.

Describe the manufacture of Portland cementby Wet

process.
19.a)

Ans:
 The raw materials used in the manufacture of Portland
cement are LimeCaO, Silica (SiO2), Alumina (Al2O3),
Ironoxide (Fe2O3), Magnesia (MgO), Sulphur tri-oxide
(SO3) and Clay. There are two methods for the
manufacture of cement: Rawmateri
i) Wet process: Raw materials are mixed to form als-1M
homogeneous slurry with 40% water.
Burning or Calcination: The raw materials obtained by
Reactions-
wet process are fed into a rotary kiln. The charge moves
1M
down slowly. A blast of burning coal dust and air is sent
in from the Explanatio
n-2M
other end so that the temperature attains to 1750 0C.
During the process carbonation takes place, at the other
end of the kiln lime and clay undergo chemical fusion
forming calcium aluminates and silicates.
Reactions: CaCO3 →1000oC--→ CaO + CO2; 2CaO +
SiO2 → Ca2SiO4 or 2CaO.SiO2
3CaO + SiO2 → Ca3SiO5 or 3CaO.SiO2; 3CaO + Al2O3 →
3CaO.Al2O3
4Cao Fe2O3+Al2O3 →4Cao Al2O3Fe2O3
The product is in the form of small hard, grayish stones
called cement clinkers, which are allowed to cool.
Grinding and packing: The clinkers are ground to fine
powder in ball mills, at this stage 3% gypsum is added to
reduce the setting time of cement and packed in air tight
bags.
19.b)
Give the composition of LPG
Ans:
n-butane-70%,2-butene-18.3%,isobutene-1.2%,propane-
2.5%.
½mark
LPG mainly contains hydrocarbons of C-3 &C-4alkane &
each
alkene series.
20.a) Mention the role played by the following constituents
of paints
i)Medium ii) Plasticiser iii) Pigment iv) Thinner
Ans: Medium or vehicle: The medium or the film forming
material plays a duel role. It acts as a medium for 1mark
suspension of pigment and also forms protective film. each
Unsaturated vegetable oil i.e. linseed, tung, cotton seed,
castor oil etc.are used they form a protective film by
process of oxidization and polymerization.
ii)Plasticiser: It helps in improving the elasticity of paint
film and prevents its cracking.
iii)Pigment: It provides colour &protects the paint film by
reflecting the destructive UV radiations. Gives strength
&reduces the gloss and weathering property. Solid
substances such as TiO2,Fe3O4, White lead etc., act as
pigments which bound to the surface with the help of a
binder.
iv)Thinner: The paint should be having a thin
concentration for uniform &easy application. Thinners
are volatile liquid portion of the paint which reduces the
20.b) viscosity of paint.
Ans: How is Dynamite prepared?
Dynamite is prepared by the reaction of glycerol with40%
conc. nitric acid in presence of 59.5% conc.sulphuric acid
at100C.the reaction completes in 90 minutes and Prep-
separates as yellow liquid. It purified by washing with 1mark
aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and water Eq-1mark

21.a) Describe the manufacture of soda glass.

Ans: The raw materials required for the manufacture of soda
glass are i) Silica the form of
sand or quartz ii)Soda ash Na2CO3 iii) Cullet-broken
glass
 Process:Above raw materials are ground separately and
mixed in proper proportion. The cullet reduces the
melting point of the charge. The intimate mixture is called
“BATCH”. The glass batch is then melted in the hearth of
open hearth furnace or in a pot furnace made up of fine
clay. Heating is done by Raw
burning producer gas. The material-
cullet melts first and helps in
1M
the fusion of remaining raw
Reactions-
materials. The high
temperature between 15000C 1M
to 18000C is Explanatio
maintained to reduce the n-2M
viscosity of glass melt and to
obtain homogeneous liquid. During heating following
reactions occurs.
Na2CO3 +SiO2 Na2SiO3 + CO2, CaCO3 CaO +
CO2
CaO + SiO2CaSiO3
Na2CO3+CaCO3+6SiO2Na2OCaO 6SiO2+2CO2
Heating is continued till the glass melt is free from gas
bubbles. Unreacted and other impurities form a scum
called glass gall which is skimmed off. The clear liquid is
allowed to cool after adding de-coloring agent or coloring
agent. The mixer
temperature is reduced to 700 -12000C to get correct
viscosity and then subject to moulding for shaping of
21.b) glass. After shaping, glass articles are cooled slowly or
Ans: subjected to annealing. After annealing glass articles are
subjected to finishing such as cleaning, grinding, polishing,
and cutting and then packed. Def-1M
What are Abrasives? Give an example. Ex-1M
22.a) A material which is having the ability to cut or grind a
Ans: surface or finish another material is known as Abrasive.
Ex: Quartz, Corundum, Diamond etc
What are explosives? How are they classified? Give an
example for each type. Def-1M
A material, which under the influence of thermal or type-
mechanical shock decomposes rapidly and spontaneously 1mark
with evolution of large volume of gases liberating lot of each
heat, is called explosives. They are classified into ex-1M
detonating or high explosives and deflagrating or low
 explosives.
High explosives: i) primary explosives: these are highly
sensitive explosives which explode by slight shock or fire.
i.e. lead azide, mercury fulminate, DDNP etc.
ii) Secondary explosives: these are quite insensitive to fire
and mechanical shock, but they have high energy content.
They are exploded by detonation using primary
explosives. Ex: dynamite, RDX, TNT etc.
22.b)
Low explosives: these simply burn but do not explode
Ans: Def-1M
suddenly. Ex: trinitrotoluene, gun powder etc.
One ex of
each type-
What are bipropellants? Give an example.
1M
A type of propellants in which liquid fuel and liquid
oxidizer are stored in separate compartments, which mix
only during combustion in the combustion chamber. Ex.
of liq.fuel- liq hydrogen, ethanol, gasoline etc
Ex. Of liq oxidizer- liq oxygen, fuming nitric acid,
23.a)
Hydrogenperoxide etc.
Ans:
Discuss the structure and biological functions of
Myoglobin.
One of the most important proteins in the human body
is Myoglobin. Generally Myoglobin is found in muscle
tissue, where it binds oxygen, helping to provide extra
oxygen to release energy to power muscular contractions.
It is a relatively small, oxygen-binding heme protein
found in muscle cells.Itconsists of eight ᾳ-helix connected
through the turns with an oxygen binding site. It has a
globular structure.Myoglobin contains a heme (prosthetic)
group which is responsible for its main function of
carrying molecules to muscletissues and globin protein.
Heme group consists of proto-porphyrin organic
component and an iron atom located in its center. It
consists of a single polypeptide chain of 153 amino acids.
In resting, oxygen remains fixed to myoglobin. During
contraction when muscle demands oxygen, oxygen
dissociates from muscles and is available for oxidation.
In human beings, myoglobin is present in cardiac muscles
in significant quantity.
 Value as a
23.b) whole
Ans:

Explain the role of cyanocobalamine in living systems.

: Cyno cobalamin is also known as vitamin B12.
The deficiency of vitamin B12causes pernicious anemia
which is accompanied with neurological problems.
This is indicated by inability of the body to convert the
methyl malonic acid to succinic acid.
In living systems it undergoes one or two electron
24.a)
redox reaction forming Co (II) and Co (I) complexes.
Ans:
These complexes play important roles in reaction such
as bio methylation, reduction of CHOH group to CH 2
as in case of reduction of RNA to DNA.

Explain briefly Type I and II super conductors.

a) Type I –Superconductors: Type I superconductors are
those superconductors which loose their
superconductivity very easily or abruptly when placed in
the external magnetic field. As you can see from the
graph of intensity of magnetization (M) versus applied
magnetic field (H), when the Type I superconductor is
placed in the magnetic field, it suddenly or easily looses Explanatio
its superconductivity at critical magnetic field (Hc) (point n-2m for
A). each type
Ex: 1) Sulfur which, requires a pressure of 9.3 million (2+2)=4m
atmospheres (9.4 x 1011 N/m2) and a temperature of 17
°K to reach superconductivity. 2) Aluminum (Hc = 0.0105
Tesla), 3) Zn, Hg, Pb.It is clear that magnetization
vanishes suddenly in the case of type- I super conductor
The highest known Hc for these materials 01Tesla.
 .
2) Type II Superconductors
Type II superconductors are those superconductors
which lose their superconductivity gradually but not
easily or abruptly when placed in the external magnetic
field. When the Type II superconductor is placed in the
magnetic field, it gradually loses its superconductivity.
Type II superconductors start to lose their
24.b) superconductivity at lower critical magnetic field (Hc1) Value as a
Ans: and completely lose their superconductivity at upper whole.
critical magnetic field (Hc2). Ex: 1. NbN (Hc = 8 x
106 Tesla), 2. Babi3 (Hc = 59 x 103Tesla),
Note: Type I superconductors perfectly obey Meissner
effect. Whereas Type II super conductors obey  Meissner
effect but not completely.

Write a short note on Carbon nanotubes.

A class of nanomaterials that consist of two dimentional
hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms bent &joined in a
particular direction to form a hollow cylinder.
These are ultrathin carbon fibers with nanometer size
diameter & micrometer size length. They coaxial tubes of
25.a) graphite sheets.
Ans: There are two types of CNTs. single walled & multi
walled. The MWCNTs possess 2 to 50 cocentric graphitic
layers while each SWCNT is much thin. CNTs are a sheet
of carbon atoms joined in a pattern of hexagons and are
rolled into a cylinder.
They have very good mechanical stiffness, tensile
strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity.
Explain Sol-gel synthesis of nanomaterials.
It is a wet chemical process in which chemical and
physical processes are involved and used for the
synthesis of colloidal dispersions of inorganic and
organic-inorganic hybrid materials. There are six steps
involved in the sol-gel method.
Step I : Hydrolysis: This step involves the reaction of
metal alkoxide and water in a solvent (usually alcohol)at
a slightly elevated temperature.
MOR + H2O → MOH + ROH
StepII:Polymerisation:Duringpolymerization,condensatio
n of adjacent molecules with elimination of water and
alcohol occur and metal oxide linkages are formed.
MOH + ROM→ MOM + ROH(Condensation)
Polymeric networks grow to colloidal dimensions in the
liquid(sol)state.
Step III: Gelation: Polymeric networks link up to form a
three dimensional network throughout the liquid. One
can observe that the system becomes somewhat rigid,
characteristic of a gel. Water and alcohol remain inside
the pores of the gel.
Step IV: Drying: Water and alcohol are removed at
moderate temperatures, leaving a hydroxylated metal
oxide and residual organic content.
Step V: Dehydration: To remove organic residues and
chmically bound water, the material is heated
between,670 to 1070K and this gies glassy metal oxide.
Step VI: Densification: Temperatures more than 1270K
are used to form the dense oxide product.
OR
The sol gel method can be illustrated with the help of an
example of preparation of nano sized MgO preparation.

1). Mg(S) + CH3OH →(reflux)→ Mg(OCH3)2 + H2

2). Toluene is added to give a20:80 by volume
mixtrure of methanol

methanol
3). Mg(OCH3)2 + H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2 CH3OH
gel

Mg(OH)2 538K
4). Mg(OH)2
gel methanol or toluene
ultrafine particle

523-773k
Mg(OH)2
5). MgO + H2O
Nano sized MgO crystals thus formed by above method
25.b) Mention any two applications of nanomaterials.
1.Used in high resolution monitors,ex.nanophosphorus.
2.Nano ZnO used as sunscreens.
3.Semiconductornano materials are used in the (Ant two)-
manufacture of efficient solar cells, nano electronics. 1mark
4.Nanotube films are used in displays of each
b) computers,cellphones& ATMs.
5.Nanowires are being used in electronic, opto & nano
electronic devices. Also used as additives in advanced
composites for metallic interconnections.
6.Many types of nanowires which have superconducting,
semiconducting properties are used in micro electronic
devices.

***********