CVEN 444 -Homework 7 – Two-way Slab problems

Use the direct design method to design the interior flat slab panel, for a 24 ft by 24 ft.
section. Check the shear and moment transfer at an interior column. Draw sketches
showing the reinforcement distribution and shear stresses. The floor is supported by 24
in. x 24 in column with no edge beams. Additional dead load (excluding self-weight) =
30 psf and live load = 120 psf. Use fc = 4 ksi and fs = 60 ksi.

For the slab use table 9.5C without panels

 1 ft 
ln  24 ft  24 in    22 ft
 
 12 in 
 12 in 
22 ft 
ln  
h    1 ft   8 in.
33 33
Use 8-in. thick slab, the dead load is
lb  1 ft 
DL  30  8.0 in *   * 150 lb  130 lb
 
ft 2  12 in  ft 3 ft 2
 lb   
wu  1.4 DL  1.7 LL  1.4130   1.7120.0 lb   386 lb  0.386 kips
   
 ft 2   ft 2  ft 2 ft 2
The average d for the slab
d  h  cover - d b
d  8.0 in  0.75 in  0.625 in  6.625 in  d ave  6.6 in
The punch out of the slab:

x  24 in  6.6 in  30.6 in or 2.55 ft

b o  4 30.6 in   122.4 in

The shear value is going to be:

Vu  0.386
kips
2
 24 ft  24ft    2.55 ft    219.8 k
2

ft


Vc   4  
f c bo d  0.85 * 4 4000 122.4 in  6.6 in   1 kip
 173.7 k
1000 lb
173.7 k  219.8 k No!

If we were to increase the thickness of the slab to 9 in., w = 0.403 k/ft2 and d= 7.6 in
Vu = 229.3 k and Vc = 206.6 k. Therefore, we will need to reinforce the column.
Use simple reinforcement for column, stirrup system. Calculate the maximum shear that
the slab can handle:
Vn    6 f c bo d   0.85 *  6 4000 122.4 in  6.6 in  
1 kip
 260.6 k
1000 lb
260.6 k  219.8 k OK!

The simple stirrup system will be used. Determine the size of the system for the column.


b o  4 24 in  2a 
Vn   2  
f c bo d  0.85 * 2 4000  4 24 in  2a   6.6 in   1 kip
 219.8 k
1000 lb
a  37.8 in  a  d  44.4 in Use 45 in.

Compute the strength of the steel:

Vs  219.8 k  173.7 k  46.1 k

Vs 46.1 k
Vs    11 .53 k
4 4
Use #3 stirrup (Ab= 0.11 in2) Av = 2(0.11 in2) = 0.22 in2

Vs 
Av f y d
s
Av f y d

 0.22 in  60 ksi 6.6 in 
2
 7.56 in.
s Vs 11 .53 k
The maximum allowable d/2 = 6.6 in/2 =3.3 in. Use 3.25 in.

44.4 in.
n  13.66  Use 14 Total distance is 45.5 in.
3.25 in

Use 14 stirrups with 3.25 in spacing and

total distance of 45.5 in. and d =6.6 in.
Check one-way shear in the slab:

kips     
12 ft  12 in ft   6.6 in ft  1 ft   4.04 k
Vu  0.386
    
ft 2   12 in   12 in  

Vc   2   
f c bd  0.85 * 2 4000 12 in  6.6 in   1 kip
 8.52 k
1000 lb
8.52 k  4.04 k OK!

The moment about the two directions is going to be same because they are a square
panel. The resulting moment is

 24 in  1 ft  
ln  24 ft  2     22 ft
  
 2  12 in  

M ol 
 wl2  ln12 
  0.386 k/ft  24 ft   22 ft 
2 2
 560.5 k - ft
8 8

The positive and negative moments are computed for interior panel. The strips are 12 ft
for the column and middle strips, l/4 = 6 ft. or 2(6 ft) = 12 ft. The coefficients are 0.65
and 0.35 for the negative and positive moments, respectively.

0.65 560.5 k - ft   364.3 k - ft

0.35 560.5 k - ft   196.2 k - ft

The column strip will handle 0.75 of negative moment and 0.6 of the positive moment.

0.75 364.3 k - ft   273.2 k - ft

0.60196.2 k - ft   117 .7 k - ft

The middle strip will handle 0.25 of negative moment and 0.4 of the positive moment.

0.25 364.3 k - ft   91.1 k - ft

0.60196.2 k - ft   78.5 k - ft

Find the actual locations of the bars if we are using a #5 bar

0.625 in
d l  8 in  0.75 in   6.9 in
2
0.625 in
d s  8 in  0.75 in  0.625 in   6.3 in
2

Look at the reinforcement in the column strip for the negative moment:
  12 in 
273.2 k - ft 
Mu  
Ru    ft   0.478 ksi
bd 2 144 in  6.9 in  2
1.7 * 0.478 ksi
w2  1.70 w  0
0.9 4 ksi 
Solve for the quadratic
1.70  1.7   4 0.122581
2

w  0.14524
2
wf c 0.14524 4 ksi 
    0.00968
fy 60 ksi
The area of steel with minimum for T&S and bending:

As  bd  0.00968144 in  6.9 in   9.62 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.0018144 in  9 in   2.07 in 2
200 200
As  bd  144 in  6.9 in   3.31 in 2
fy 60000
The number of bars needed:
As 9.62 in 2
# bars    31.1  Use 32 bars
Ab 0.31 in 2
144 in
s  4.5 in
32
The spacing is less than 18 in., therefore it will work.
Using the same procedure for the positive moment in the column strip and the negative
and positive moments in the middle strip. We will obtain:

The other direction will have the same moments, however d = 6.3 in.
Redesign the interior slab example with beams, use the same data when the slabs are
supported by beams on all four sides. Each beam has a width bw = 14 in. and a projection
below the bottom of the slab of 18 in.

The first gross moment inertia must be calculated for the interior beams, assume that the
depth of the slab is 7 in., the beff =2(18 in) + 14 in. = 50 in. we will check later.

The moment of inertia for the beam is 31126 in4 and slab is 8232 in4.
The = 22 ft /22 ft =1 and is

 
Eb I b

31126 in 4
 3.78   m 
 i
 3.78
4
Es I s 8.232 in 4
The mean  is the average around the slab so  is same therefore m =3.78. Find the
thickness of the slab with

 fy   12 in  
ln  0.8   22 ft   0.8  60000 
    
h  200000   1 ft  200000   6.45 in  Use 6.5 in or 7 in.
36  9  36  91

With h =7 in., no need to go back and recalculate I and  again.

Calculate the loading
lb  1 ft 
DL  30  7.0 in *   * 150 lb  117 .5 lb
 
ft 2
 12 in  ft 3 ft 2
 lb   
wu  1.4 DL  1.7 LL  1.4117 .5   1.7120.0 lb   3685 lb  0.3685 kips
   
 ft 2   ft 2  ft 2 ft 2
The average d for the slab

d  h  cover - d b
d  7.0 in  0.75 in  0.625 in  5.625 in  d ave  5.6 in

Two-way shear is not critical because of the beams, however one-way shear need to be
checked. One-way shear in the slab:

kips     
12 ft  12 in  ft   5.6 in  ft  1 ft   3.88 k
Vu  0.3685
2     
ft   12 in   12 in  

Vc   2   
f c bd  0.85 * 2 4000 12 in  5.6 in   1 kip
 7.23 k
1000 lb
7.23 k  3.88 k OK!

The moment about the two directions is going to be same because they are a square
panel. The resulting moment is

 24 in  1 ft  
ln  24 ft  2     22 ft
  
 2  12 in  

M ol 
 wl2  ln12 
  0.3685 k/ft  24 ft   22 ft 
2 2
 535.1 k - ft
8 8

The positive and negative moments are computed for interior panel. The strips are 12 ft
for the column and middle strips, l/4 = 6 ft. or 2(6 ft) = 12 ft. The coefficients are 0.65
and 0.35 for the negative and positive moments, respectively.

0.65 535.1 k - ft   347.8 k - ft

0.35 535.1 k - ft   187.3 k - ft
The values of  and are = 24 ft/24 ft. = 1 and  =3.78 for all directions. So

l2  24 ft 
1  3.78   3.78
 
l1  24 ft 

l1  24 ft 
2  3.78   3.78
 
l2  24 ft 

From table 13.6.4.1, l2/l1 =1 and 1(l2/l1) = 3.78, there is no need to interpolate between
points. So the column strip and the beam carry 75 percent of negative moment. From
table 13.6.4.4, l2/l1 =1 and 1(l2/l1) = 3.78, there is no need to interpolate between points.
So the column strip and the beam carry 75 percent of positive moment.

The column strip will handle 0.75 of negative moment and 0.75 of the positive moment.

0.75 347.8 k - ft   260.9 k - ft

0.75187.3 k - ft   140.5 k - ft

The middle strip will handle 0.25 of negative moment and 0.25 of the positive moment.

0.25 347.8 k - ft   87.0 k - ft

0.25187.3 k - ft   46.8 k - ft

In the column strip, the beam will handle 0.85 of negative moment and slab will handle
0.15 of the negative moment.

0.85 260.9 k - ft   221.8 k - ft

0.15 260.9 k - ft   39.1 k - ft

In the column strip, the beam will handle 0.85 of positive moment and slab will handle
0.15 of the positive moment.

0.85140.5 k - ft   119 .4 k - ft
0.15140.5 k - ft   21.1 k - ft
Find the actual locations of the bars if we are using a #5 bar
0.625 in
d l  7 in  0.75 in   5.9 in
2
0.625 in
d s  7 in  0.75 in  0.625 in   5.3 in
2

Look at the reinforcement in the column strip for the negative moment:
 12 in 
39.1 k - ft  
Mu  
Ru    ft   0.094 ksi
bd 2 144 in  5.9 in  2
1.7 * 0.094 ksi
w 2  1.70 w  0
0.9 4 ksi 
Solve for the quadratic
1.70  1.7   4 0.0442
2

w  0.02641
2
wf c 0.02641 4 ksi 
    0.00176
fy 60 ksi
The area of steel with minimum for T&S and bending:

As  bd  0.00176144 in  5.9 in   1.50 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.0018144 in  7 in   1.81 in 2
200 200
As  bd  144 in  5.9 in   2.83 in 2
fy 60000
The number of bars needed:
As 2.83 in 2
# bars    14.1  Use 16 bars
Ab 0.2 in 2
144 in
s  9 in
16
The spacing is less than 18 in., therefore it will work.
Using the same procedure for the positive moment in the column strip and the negative
and positive moments in the middle strip. The beam moments are not include in
computing the reinforcement. The procedure is similar to the design for a t-beam. We
will obtain the following results for the floor sections.

The other direction will have the same moments, however d = 5.3 in.
Design a wall footing to support the given reinforced concrete wall loads. Design for
shear and moment; check the development length requirements. Also, determine the
footing bars and their distribution. Assume d = h -3.5 in. for wall thickness = 16 in.,
DL = 24 k/ft2, LL = 20 k/ft2 fc = 4 ksi, q = 6 ksf and depth = 8 ft.

Use a 1-foot strip to do the calculations, assume the thickness of the footing to be 24 in.
Calculate the loading acting on the footing. Find qnet:
1 ft.
Wc  d  150 lb/ft 3 * 24 in. *  300 lb/ft 2
12 in.
 1 ft. 
Ws   s d s  100 lb/ft3 *  8 ft  24 in. *   600 lb/ft 2
 
 12 in. 

qeff  qs  Wc  Ws
 6000 lb/ft 2  300 lb/ft 2  600 lb/ft 2
 5100 lb/ft 2  5.1 k/ft 2

Calculate the loading on the 16-in. wall;

Actual Loads  DL  LL
 1 ft   
 24 k/ft 2 16 in     20 k/ft 2 16 in   1 ft 
   
 12 in   12 in 
 58.67 k
58.67 k
Area of footing   11.5 ft 2
2
5.1 k/ft
1ft strip of footing  11 .5 ft  Use 12 ft

Calculate the effective q value.

  1 ft     


1.4 24 k/ft 2 16 in  

  


   1.7 20 k/ft 2 16 in   1 ft  

P   12 in     12 in  
qnet  u 
A 12 ft 1 ft 
 7.51 k/ft 2
The one-way shear is calculated for a single strip:

L w 
Vu  qeff   d
 
2 2 
  ft  
 16 in   

kips 12 ft    ft  
 7.511    12 in   20.5 in   1 ft   27.23 k
 
ft 2  2 2  12 in  

 

 
Vu 27.23 k
d    21.1 in

 2 fc b  
0.85 * 2 4000 12 in   1 kip
1000 lb

So the selected thickness was too small for one-way shear so increase the thickness of the
footing to h =28 in. and d= 24.5 in., qnet = 5.083 k/ft2, L = 11.54 ft, which would result in
L =12 ft. and qeff = 7.511 k/ft2

L w 
Vu  qeff   d
 
2 2 
  ft  
 16 in   

kips 12 ft    ft  
 7.511    12 in   24.5 in   1 ft   24.72 k
 
ft 2  2 2  12 in  

 

 
Vu 24.72 k
d    19.2 in

 2 fc b  
0.85 * 2 4000 12 in   1 kip
1000 lb

The depth of the footing is 24.5 in. > 19.1 in., so the footing will satisfy the shear
restrictions.
Compute the moment acting on the wall for a 1-foot strip:

  1 ft 
 16 in  
L 
c  12 ft  
      12 in    5.33 ft
   
 2 2 2 2

 

 
L 
  c
 L c 
2  b  7.51 k/ft  5.33 ft   5.33 ft  1 ft   106.8 k - ft
M u  qn    2
 
 2 2 2 2
Determine the  for the footing using Ru and w. Look at the reinforcement in the strip
for the moment:
 12 in 
106.8 k - ft  
Mu  
Ru    ft   0.178 ksi
bd 2 12 in  24.5 in  2
1.7 * 0.178 ksi
w 2  1.70 w  0
0.9 4 ksi 
Solve for the quadratic
1.70  1.7  2  4 0.08403
w  0.05096
2
wf c 0.05096 4 ksi 
    0.00340
fy 60 ksi
The area of steel with minimum for T&S and bending:

As  bd  0.003412 in  24.5 in   1.00 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.001812 in  28 in   0.61 in 2
200 200
As  bd  12 in  24.5 in   0.98 in 2
fy 60000
Use a #7 bar, the number of bars needed:
As 1.00 in 2
# bars    1.67  Use 2 bars
Ab 0.6 in 2
12 in
s  6 in
2
A bar 0.6 in 2
s 12 in   12 in   7.2 in.
A req 1.00 in 2

The spacing is less than 18 in., so either will work. However, 6 in spacing are easier to
place in the wall footing. The crossbars are going to be for T&S for the footing.
Use #5 bar, the number of bars needed:

As 0.61 in 2
# bars    1.97  Use 2 bars
Ab 0.31 in 2
12 in
s  6 in
2
A bar 0.31 in 2
s 12 in   12 in   6.1 in.
A req 0.61 in 2

Check the development length of the bars:

ld  48db  48 0.875 in.  42 in.

There is sufficient length to fully develop the bar. (5.33 ft (12 in/ft) – 2 in. = 62 in.)
Design for moments, shear load transfer, dowel length and development lengths for
footing main bars. Choose adequate bars and spacings. Assume d = h - 4.5 in. For
rectangular column of 16 x 24 in. and rectangular footings with the length equal to about
1.5 times the width. For 12 # 9 bars in the column with a DL = 245 k, LL = 159 k, fc = 3
ksi, q = 6 ksf, and depth = 7 ft.

Assume the thickness of the footing to be 24 in. Calculate the loading acting on the
footing. Find qnet:
1 ft.
Wc  d  150 lb/ft 3 * 24 in. *  300 lb/ft 2
12 in.
 1 ft. 
Ws   s d s  100 lb/ft3 *  7 ft  24 in. *   500 lb/ft 2
 
 12 in. 

qeff  qs  Wc  Ws
 6000 lb/ft 2  300 lb/ft 2  500 lb/ft 2
 5200 lb/ft 2  5.2 k/ft 2

Calculate the loading on the 16-in. wall;

Actual Loads  DL  LL
 245 k  159 k
 404 k
404 k
Area of footing   77.7 ft 2
5.2 k/ft 2
77.7 ft 2
width of the footing   w  7.2 ft  w  8 ft.
1 .5

Calculate the effective q value.

Pu 1.4 245 k   1.7159 k 

qnet  
A 12 ft  8 ft 
 6.39 k/ft 2
The one-way shear is calculated for the long direction:

L w 
Vu  qeff   d
 
2 2 
  ft  
 24 in   

kips 12 ft    ft  
 6.39    12 in   19.5 in    8 ft   172.53 k
 
ft 2  2 2  12 in  

 

 
Vu 172.53 k
d    19.3 in
 2  fc b  
0.85 * 2 3000  96 in   1 kip
1000 lb

The d for short direction, (Vu =131 k, d =9.77 in), so the thickness of the footing works
for one-way shear. Look at two-way shear:

x  24 in  19.5 in  43.5 in or 3.625 ft

x  16 in  19.5 in  35.5 in or 2.958 ft
b o  2 43.5 in   2 35.5 in.  158 in

The shear value is going to be:

kips
Vu  6.39  12 ft  8ft    3.625 ft  2.958 ft    544.9 k
ft 2
Vu 544.9 k
d    18.52 in.

 4 f c bo  0.85 *  4 3000 158 in  
1 kip
1000 lb

So the selected thickness is acceptable for two-way and one-way shear. Look at the
reinforcement in the footing to h =24 in. and d= 19.5 in., and qeff = 6.39 k/ft2
Compute the moments in both directions

  1 ft 
 24 in  
L 
c  12 ft  
  12 in 
     5 ft
   
 2 2 2 2
 
 
 
L c
  
 

M u  qn 
L c
  2 2  b  6.39 k/ft 5 ft   5 ft   8 ft   639. k - ft
 
 2 2 2 2
Determine the  for the footing using Ru and w. Look at the reinforcement in the strip
for the moment:
 12 in 
639 k - ft  
Mu  
Ru    ft   0.2101 ksi
bd 2  96 in 19.5 in  2
1.7 * 0.2101 ksi
w2  1.70 w  0
0.9 3 ksi 
Solve for the quadratic
1.70  1.7  2  4 0.13226
w  0.08173
2
wf c 0.08173 3 ksi 
    0.00409
fy 60 ksi
The area of steel with minimum for T&S and bending:

As  bd  0.00409 96 in 19.5 in   7.65 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.0018 96 in  24 in   4.15 in 2
200 200
As  bd   96 in 19.5 in   6.24 in 2
fy 60000
Use a #7 bar, the number of bars needed:
As 7.65 in 2
# bars    12.75  Use 13 bars
Ab 0.6 in 2
96 in.  6 in.
s  7.5 in
12
Compute the reinforcement in the short direction

  1 ft 
 16 in  
L c   8 ft  
       12 in    3.33 ft
   2 
 2 2 2

 

 
L 
  c
 

M u  qn 
L c
  2 2  b  6.39 k/ft  3.333 ft   3.333 ft  12 ft   426. k - ft
 
 2 2 2 2
Determine the  for the footing using Ru and w. Look at the reinforcement in the strip
for the moment:
 12 in 
426 k - ft 
Mu  
Ru    ft   0.09336 ksi
bd 2 144 in 19.5 in  2
1.7 * 0.09336 ksi
w2  1.70 w  0
0.9 3 ksi 
Solve for the quadratic
1.70  1.7  2  4 0.05878
w  0.03531
2
wf c 0.03531 3 ksi 
    0.00177
fy 60 ksi
The area of steel with minimum for T&S and bending:

As  bd  0.00409144 in 19.5 in   4.96 in 2

As  min   0.0018bh  0.0018144 in  24 in   6.22 in 2
200 200
As  bd  144 in 19.5 in   9.36 in 2
fy 60000
Use a #5 bar, the number of bars needed:
As 9.36 in 2
# bars    30.2  Use 31 bars
Ab 0.31 in 2
Compute the band reinforcement of the footing = 12 ft/8 ft = 1.5

 Reinforcement in bandwidth  2 2
    0.8
 
 Total reinforcement    1 1.5  1

The number of bars inside the bandwidth is 0.8(31 bars) =24.8 or 25 bars. The number of
bars outside the band is

Total # bars - band bars 31  25

outside # bar    3  Use 3 bars
2 2
There will be 13 bars in the bandwidth and 2 bars each side outside the band. The
spacing between the bars are:

96 in
s   4 in
24
24 in - 3 in.
s   7 in.
3

The bearing capacity on the footing

N1    0.85 f c A1   0.7 0.85 3 ksi 16 in  24 in    685.4 k

The equivalent N2 value

A2
N 2  N1  2 N1
A1
The areas are:

A2  12 ft  8 ft   96 ft 2
  1 ft    
A1  16 in   24 in  1 ft    2.67 ft 2
     
  12 in.    12 in.  
The bearing capacity of the footing is

A2 96 ft 2
  6  2  N 2  2 N1  2 685.4 k   1371 k
A1 2.67 ft 2

The Pu = 1.4(245 k) +1.7(159 k) = 613.3 k < 685.4 k, so we need minimum amount of

steel for bearing.

0.005 A1  0.005 24 in.16 in.  1.92 in 2

Use 4 # 7 bars (2.40 in2), the minimum development length of the bars

0.02d b f y 0.02 0.875 in  60000 psi 

ld    19.17 in  Use 19.5 in
fc 3000 psi

The minimum length is

ld  0.0003d b f y  0.0003 0.875 in  60000 psi  15.75 in  8 in

Using 4 # 7 bars as dowels for the column with a development length of 19.5 in.

Check the development length of the reinforcement of the footing for the #7 bars:

ld

fy
 ld 
f ydb

 60000 psi  0.875 in   47.9 in
db 20 fc 20 fc 20 3000 psi

The available length for the bar is

L c 144 in 24 in
ld   cover    3 in   57 in
2 2 2 2
Check the development length of the reinforcement of the footing for the #5 bars:

ld

fy
 ld 
f ydb

 60000 psi  0.625 in   34.3 in
db 20 fc 20 fc 20 3000 psi

The available length for the bar is

L c 96 in 16 in
ld   cover    3 in   37 in
2 2 2 2