A-63

Exercise 15

Hydraulics Subject

Ferry loading ramp Title

„ To familiarise the student with a speed control circuit with a tractive Training aim
load
„ To compare circuits with flow control valves in the inlet line and outlet
line respectively

„ Drawing the hydraulic circuit diagram Problem definition

„ Practical assembly of the circuit
„ Measuring the cylinder advance time and travel and back pressures
with flow control valves in the inlet line and outlet line respectively
„ Comparison and assessment of results

TP501 • Festo Didactic

A-64
Exercise 15

Exercise The loading ramp of a car ferry must be capable of being set to different
heights. The ramp is raised and lowered by a hydraulic cylinder. This
motion must be carried out smoothly and at a constant speed. A flow
control valve is to be used to adjust the speed. This must be installed in
such a way as to prevent excessive pressures from developing within
the system.

Positional sketch

TP501 • Festo Didactic

 A-65
Exercise 15

EXERCISE SHEET

Circuit diagram, hydraulic

TP501 • Festo Didactic

A-66
Exercise 15

Evaluation Measure the following:

t→ = Cylinder advance-stroke time
p1Z1 = Cylinder travel pressure
p1Z2 = Cylinder back pressure
p0Z2 = System pressure

Vary the following:

„ Applied load
„ Counter-holding
„ Flow control in inlet and outlet lines

Settings:
„ First, without an applied load or counter-holding and with a flow con-
trol valve in the inlet line, make settings to obtain an advance-stroke
time of t –> = 5 s with a system pressure of p0Z2 = 50 bar.
„ Then set a counter pressure of p1Z2 = 10 bar.
„ Then use a flow control valve in the outlet line to provide counter-
holding.

When dismantling the circuit, ensure that no pressurised fluid is trapped

(p1Z2 = 0 bar).

TP501 • Festo Didactic

 A-67
Exercise 15

EXERCISE SHEET

Load and counter-holding p0Z2 p1Z1 p1Z2 t→ Flow control valve

in inlet line
Without load or counter-holding 50 bar 5s
With load without counter-holding

With load and counter-holding 10 bar

Without load with counter-holding 10 bar

Load p0Z2 p1Z1 p1Z2 t→ Flow control valve

in outlet line
Without load 50 bar 5s
With load

How does the travel time change as the load is varied? Conclusion

Which circuit is more suitable?

TP501 • Festo Didactic

 C-69
Solution 15

Ferry loading ramp

Circuit diagram, hydraulic,

with counter-holding
and flow control valve
in inlet line

In Inlet line
p = 10 bar
(1 MPa)

System
pressure
p = 50 bar
(5 MPa)

Pump
safety valve
pmax = 60 bar
(6 MPa)

TP501 • Festo Didactic

C-70
Solution 15

Practical assembly,
hydraulic,
with flow control valve
in outlet line

System
pressure
p = 50 bar
(5 MPa)

Pump
safety valve
pmax = 60 bar
(6 MPa)

TP501 • Festo Didactic

 C-71
Solution 15

Item no. Qty. Description Components list

0Z1 1 Hydraulic power pack

0Z2, 1Z1, 1Z2 3 Pressure gauge
0V1, 1V4 2 Pressure relief valve
0V2 1 Shut-off valve
1V1 1 4/3-way valve
1V3 1 Flow control valve
1V2, 1V5 2 Non-return valve
1A 1 Cylinder, double-acting
1Z3 1 Loading weight
13 Hose line
4 Branch tee
1 Stop-watch

Assemble and check the circuit. Mount the cylinder 1A on the profile Solution description
plate in such a way that it can advance downwards. First close the shut-
off valve 0V2. Switch on the hydraulic power pack and then use the
pressure relief valve 0V1 to set a system pressure of 50 bar. Open the
shut-off valve and adjust the pressure relief valve 1V3 in such a way that
the piston rod advances in approx. 5 sec. The flow control valve setting
should be retained throughout the series of measurements. Only the
circuit should be modified. Dismantle the circuit only when the pressure
has fallen to zero, as shown by the pressure gauge 1Z2.

TP501 • Festo Didactic

C-72
Solution 15

Evaluation Measure the following:

t→ = Cylinder advance-stroke time
p1Z1 = Cylinder travel pressure
p1Z2 = Cylinder back pressure
p0Z2 = System pressure

Flow control valve With load and counter-holding p0Z2 p1Z1 p1Z2 t→
in inlet line
Without load without counter-holding 50 bar 0 bar 0 bar 5s
With load without counter-holding 50 bar 0 bar 0 bar 0.6 s
With load and counter-holding 50 bar 3 bar 10 bar 5s
Without load with counter-holding 50 bar 8 bar 10 bar 5s

Flow control valve Load p0Z2 p1Z1 p1Z2 t→

in outlet line
Without load 50 bar 48 bar 77 bar 5s
With load 50 bar 48 bar 84 bar 3.1 s

Conclusions Without counter-holding, the piston rod is pulled out by the load. It ad-
vances jerkily. With counter-holding, the same speed is achieved with
and without a load. If, however, the flow control valve is installed in the
outlet line to provide counter-holding, very high pressures will occur on
the outlet side. This is often unacceptable in practice.
A suitable circuit is thus one with a flow control valve in the inlet line and
counter-holding by means of a pressure relief valve in the outlet line.

TP501 • Festo Didactic