~ CONVEYOR BELT ’ DESIGN MANUAL SRIDGESTONECONTENTS. PREFACE 1-1, Typical Belt Conveyor Arrangements 12. Drive Arrangements 13, Belt Take-up System 1-4. Conveyor Belt Analysis Sheet & Conveyor Belt Record 1-5, Transport Material Size and Minimum Belt Width 1-6. Angle of Incline or Decline of Belt Conveyor 1-7. Belt Speed ‘TRANSPORT CAPACITY 2-1. Calculation Formula 2-2. Cross-Sectional Area of Load (A) 23. Surcharge Angle of Material 2-4, Apparent Specific Gravity of Material (7) 2-5. Coefficient of Angle of Incline (5) 26, Calculation Results for Cross-Sectional Area of Load & Transport Capacity CONVEYOR BELT DRIVING POWER CALCULATIONS 3-1, Calculation Formulae 32. Additional Data 1. Friction Coefficient of Idlers (f) & Adjusted Horizontal Length of Conveyor (Co) 2. Tripper Driving Power (Pt) 3, Weight of Moving Parts other than Transport Material (W) 4, Weight of Rotating Parts of Cartier and Return Rollers (We & Wy) 5, Pitch of Cartier and Return Idlers Standard Belt Weights BELT TENSION CALCULATIONS 4-1. Conveyors in General 4-1-1 Effective Tension (Fp) 4-1-2, TightSide Tension and Slack Side Tension (F & F,) 3. Tension due to Incline (F & Fy) 4, Minimum Tension (Fae & Fay) 5 6, Maximum Tension (Fmax) Additional Data 4:1-6-1. Wrap Angle (8) 4-1-6-2, Friction Coefficient (u) 4:1-6-3, Drive Factor 4:1-7, Axle Power and Tension: Example of Calculation 4-2, Calculation Formulae for Multiple-Pulley Drives (Single Drive at Head and Tail) 4-2-1. Theoretical Distribution of Effective Tension 4-2-2. Distribution of Effective Tension between Motors 4-2-3, Calculation Examptes 4-2-4. Comparison of Tensions Generated by Various Drive Systems Page B ls 4 4 18 18 16 6 ” Ty v 0 v 18 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 21 2 24-3. Diagrams of Belt Tension Distribution 4-3-1, Horizontal Conveyor . a Head Drive b, Tail Drive... ¢. Head and Tail Drive 4-3-2, Uphill Slope Conveyor ... a Head Drive b. Tail Drive © Head and Tail Drive 4-3-3. Downhill Slope Conveyor 4:3-3-1. When Braking is Not Required a Head Drive b. Tail Drive Head and Tail Drive 4-3-3-2, When Braking is Required b. Head Drive Tail Drive Head and Tail Drive 4-4. Overland Conveyor 4-4-1, Calculation Procedures 4-4-2. Caleulation Example 4-5, Acceleration Tension and Acceleration Time 4-5-1. Horizontal Conveyor 4-5-2. Uphill Conveyor 4-5-3. Downhill Conveyor 4-6. Braking Tension and Braking Time 4-6-1, Braking Time (1) 4-6-2, Determination of Braking Capacity 4-6-2-1, When Fp > 0 4.6.2.2. When Fp <0 4-7. Additional Resistance 4-7-1, Pullout Resistance from Hopper (Fh) 4-7-2. Skittboard Friction Resistance (Fk) 4-8. Design of Bucket Elevator Belt 4-8-1. Calculation Formula for Transportation Volume 4-8-2, Calculation of Maximum Belt Tension 4-8-3. Additional Data : 4-8-3-1, Lift Adjustment due to Scooping Force (ho) 4-8-3-2. Drive Coefficient 4-8:3-3, Bucket Loading Efficiency (e) DETERMINATION OF BELT SPECIFICATIONS 5-1, Calculation of Tensile Strength of Carcass S-1-1. Steel Cord Belt 5-1-2. Fabric Belt 5-2, Selection of Carcass 5-2-1. Tension Rating 5-2-2, Minimum Number of Plies in Relation to Load Support . ... 5-2-3. Troughability 22 25 % n zn n a 2 2 28 x 2 29 2» 2» 30 2 34 34 4 4 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 39 45-3, Belt Safety Factors 5-3-1. Classification of Safety Factor 8) Primary Safety Factor (SF) b) Tertiary Safety Factor (SF) ¢) Minimum Safety Factor (SFmin) 5-3-2. Standard Safety Factor Values for Designing a) Steel Cord Belt b) Fabric Bett 5-4. Determining the Thickness of the Rubber Cover 5-4-1, Thickness of the Top Rubber Cover 2) Steel Cord Belt b) Fabre Bett 5-4-2. Determining the Thickness of the Bottom Rubber Cover 5-8. Caleulation of Approximate Weight of Conveyor Belt S-$-1, Steel Cord Belt 5.5.2. Fabric Belt 5-6. Splicing 5-6-1, Steel Cord Belt 5-6-2. Fabric Belt 5-6-3. Splicing Length 5-7. Packing 5-7-1. Dimensions of Packing Drumm 5-7-2, Drum Markings CONVEYOR BELT DESIGN 6-1, Determination of Pulley Diameters 5-1-1. Steel Cord Belt 6-1-2, Fabric Belt 6-2. Troughing Transition Distance 6-2-1, When the Pulley Face is at One-Half the Depth of Troughing, 6-2-2, When the Pulley Face is on the Same Level as the Carrier Roller 6-3. Minimum Bending Radius 6-3-1, Convex Conversion 6-3-2. Concave Conversion 6-3-3. ,Tension at Conversion Point 6-4, Determination of Tumover Distance (length) 6-4-1. Supporting the Intermediate Section with a Flat Roller 6-4-2. Supporting the Whole Length of Turnover Distance with Support Rollers 6-5. Determination of Takeap Length 6-5-1, Steel Cord Belt 6-5-2. Fabric Belt 6-6, Determination of Take-up Counterweight (WT) ‘CONVERSION TABLES . 42 42 a 7a 8 a Baareess BES so se st 3 3 33 35 35 35 56 s7 37 37 58 58 58 9‘Te )®@ 1, PREFACE ‘The belt conveyor system is the most convenient and economical means of transporting materials in bulk [As the conveyor belt alone takes up 15-S0% of the total cost of the belt conveyor, great attention must be paid to the design and selection of the conveyor belt, so that it will be perfectly suited to its task and be as economical as possible in operation. If excessive emphasis is placed on safety measures, the conveyor will not only rise considerably in cost, it will also fail to justify this higher cost in terms of performance. On the other hand, if too much emphasis is placed on economy, there is the danger of shortening the life of the conveyor belt 1-1, ‘Typical Belt Conveyor Arrangements Loasing skis Consequently, it is most important that the design and selection of a suitable belt arrangement be studied and scrutinized from every angle. And the bass for achieving an ideal design is a thorough knowledge of belt conveyor design methods. With this in mind we have produced the Bridgestone Conveyor Belt Design Manual. This manual explains, step by step and in simple terms, the conveyor belt design concepts adopted by Bridgestone Tire Company. We hope that our customers will find it a useful tool in the design and selection of conveyor belts that are perfectly swted to their needs. isenarge chute sedanve impact wins required *°TF ganty Figure 1 - Supporting Structure Designed to Suit the Normal Elements of a Belt Conveyor 1.2. Drive Arrangements (2) Single Drive (@ = 180°) (without snub pulley) (b) Single Drive with Snub Pulley A snub pulley is used to enlarge the ‘wrapping angle (8 = 190° ~ 240°)(© Tandem Type Single Drive ‘Although two pulleys are used, only one acts asthe drive pulley (9 = 190° ~ 240"). 4) Tandem Drive Of the two drive pulleys placed adja cent to each other, only one drives fone of the shafts directly, The other pulley-shaft is driven by gears or chain or by V-Belt (8 = 360° ~ 420°). (©) Dual Drive This is a system in which two drive pulleys are used, each of which is driven by separate motors. (9) Multiple drive It is possible to dive a belt vonveyor at more than one place along its length. Two or more pulleys, each driven by a separate motor, can be used. This arrangement is most appli cable to longdistance and volume hauling as it reduces the conveyor's ‘maximum tension and saves the mo- tors from overstraining. = © rpltey a G ‘Snub putley (0) rimary drive pulley (ni —. gi rie pulley Tertiary dive pulley 6, <1. Primary dete pulley Secondary driv pulley13, Belt Take-up System (Screw Type (b) Vertical Gravity Type (©) Horizontal Gravity Type Ie steare 150% Magneizer Sharma 1008 tron Ms Motor for Takep 8: Break EC : Eddy current coupling TG : Speed detecting generator TO: Tension sensor (Magnecal) SPC: Spaud controlerCONVEYOR BELT ANALYSIS SHEET (Separate Sheet Required for Each Conveyor) NEW OR REPLACEMENT, : - - OATE - com : BELT DESIGNATION : : Location 1122222221011 en GENERAL CONVEYOR DATA TAKE-UP DATA “Bele widths on TYPE: screw or counterweight ‘Horizontal C& ditance meter str ever ‘Max angle incine DUDE dearees Wcounterwoghe, weight ‘9 ‘Max angle Setine : Sogrees Location on conveyor Overall ite mete or drop ‘meter METHOD OF JOINING spewed 2222 ‘meter pr minute Vuleanized slice. STripoer bagi ee smater Famteners ‘Atarconn MATERIAL DATA, : “Type. lcometerereteoetts = ‘Weight per cubie mater DRIVE DATA ‘Mas toad on conveyor ‘mevrie TPH Location of rive Guava ‘Numba of drive pulieys Percant fines Aref contact in earees Temp: 3g depres | Max earoer “Are deve pulleys logged ? Motor type and horspower CARRYING IDLERS. “Troughira arate earns Equal rath Long cane al tne tamer mm RETURN IDLERS *Somcing met Diameter =“ PULLEY DIAMETERS “Head oa Orie. =m Tepper ~- Other om seription: Size Toe Prosnt bel speciation Prosnt belt has handled : Describe complately present condition of bal Bost previous service ten in Mate ard specification of bes batt Deseribe how tis alt failed : BRIDGESTONE BELT RECOMMENDATION “Describe any oi conaition (Otmer conaitons LOADING CONDITIONS. ‘Numba of loading points Locations Incline angle of belt 3ttoadng point acharge in direction of tit tal? Discharge material close to belt sped? Cente load on bel? {Cond fine on bet frst? “Are impact tales prove? Sac Meter should be complete. fads of Concave Loading Point \ sbsolutely inlspensabe in making the best posible recommendation fr a replacement conveyor bel‘DESIGN CALCULATIONS Maximum Running Bet Tension kp Rated Tension... - slem Bett Horsepower Reauired we Counterwight Reauired 8 CONVEYOR BELT RECORD1-5. Transport Material Size and Minimum Bett Width ‘The width of the conveyor belt varies in accordance with the transportation capacity of the conveyors as well as the lump sizes of the materials to be trans ported. ‘This means that if the lump sizes of the materials to be transported are large, the belt width must be pro- portionally wider, and vice versa. Table 1 shows the minimum widths of belts for specific lump sizes of materials to be transported, Column A indicates lumps of approximately uniform size and Column B indicates lumps of mixed sizes. In B, belt widths have been calculated on the assumption that maximum lump sizes make up no more than 10% of the whole, TABLE | ‘Transport Material Size and Minimum Belt Width Lamp Sizes (am) ee 500 as 150 [600 110 200, 650 15 | 225, #00 7 | 300 900 wo) 380 1,000 a 203 | 1,050 2s as [1.200 250 | 300 1,600 345, L 700 1,800 380 300 | 2,000 40 sa i aa 0 2,600 600 2,800 650 3.00 ahaa eto | 1-6. Angle of Incline or Deciine of Bett Conveyor ‘The angle of incline or decline is governed by the characteristics and shapes of the materials to be tins ported. For example, a comparatively steep slope can be safely adopted for transporting granular and other such stable materials, whereas a gentler slope is prefer- able for transporting unstable materials such a coal ‘The maximum permissible angles of incline or decine for transporting materials of different characteristics and shapes on smooth-surfaced conveyor belts are given in Table 2 Note the following points: 1. When a weigher is used, it is preferable for the Incline/decline angle to be limited to less than 18°, regardless of the figures given in Table 2 When conditions at the site of installation or otter factors make it impossible to keep within the max mum allowable incline/decline angle value, a rough top, cleated or finned conveyor belt should be employed. 3. The incline/decline angle values given in Table 2 apply to operation under conditions whete the belt surface is maintained in a comparatively clean con- dition. If the surface is wet or dirty, incline/ decline angles should be reduced by 2~S" from the given values.TABLE 2. Angle of Incline or Decline of Belt Conveyor T Basin Material Lamp sae | fume ‘anal Coat ‘Over 100 mm 1s Under 100 mm 16 | Nonuniorm 18 | Dry fine 20 | Wetfine 2 Coke | Uniform Nonuniorm | a | Fine oo) Conciete | 150mm ira 100 mm 20 0 mm Ps Rock Over 100 mm Is 10~ 100 mm We 18 Under 10 mm 20 ore ‘Over 100 mm 18 |) Under 100 mm 0 Limestone | Over 100 mm 18 | under 100 mm 20 Lime | Fine B Cemem | Fine 2 Sutphut Fine B Phosphate Ore Over 100 mm 1s Under 100 mm as Fine 30 Gravel Washed, uniform 2 Unwashed, non-uniform 15 Nonuniform on) Sand Dry | is wer | For esting (foundry) u Earth bry 20 wet 2 Boxer Iss sat 2» 1-7. Bett Speed The speed of the belt is limited not only by the trans port capacity of the conveyor, but also by the belt width and the characteristics of the materials carted, It is most economical to use a narrow belt at high speeds, but generally it is easier to operate wide belts at high speeds than narrow belts, Tables 3 and 4 give the maximum belt speeds in relation to specific transport materials and belt widths respec- tively TABLE 3. Belt Speed — Maximum Belt Speeds under Special Conditions Bet Speed Mater | Belt Spee Packages 1s~60 Plpwod (logs) 30 Maximum for Soin, Pulpwo 90~ 120 Handicap: Slow Discharge and Speet-Down Operation ex Slinger — Trimmers Chargers 600 ~ 1,000 Portable Conveyoes 0 140 Wheel Excavators | r0~ 360 Picking Belts Is~ 20 TABLE 4. Belt Speed — Maximum Belt Speeds ‘ mo | iw | w rn me | i | a 0 im | iw | mo to mo | wo | io taco so | ao | an rt ei sis 2000 ei | famvir || Se ste)|| a [A Grains and other feoflowing materials B. Overburden (cun of mine coal and other aich moderately abrasive materials) . Hard ore, rock and other very abrasive materials2 TRANSPORT CAPACITY ‘The transport capacity of a conveyor belt per unit time is governed by the belt speed, type of carter, angle of incline/decline, characteristics and shapes of materials to be transported, ete. But for general pur- Poses the capacity can be calculated by the formula siven below: 24, Caleulation Formula Qt= 60 Avys Where Qt: Transport capacity (tons per hour) (ton/hr) ‘A: Cross-sectional area of load (m*) v Belt speed (m/min.) 5 Apparent specific gravity of material (ton/m?) 5: Coefficient by angle of incline/dec! (able 8) 22. CrossSectional Area of Load The crosssectional area of load is as shown in the diagrams below. It is usually calculated from the top section of the load, called the “are,” and the base section called the “trapezoid,” but as this system of calculation is very complicated, a simpler formula is Biven here: A=K(Q.9B ~ 005)? Where A. Sectional area of load (m?) K © Coefficient of sectional area B > Width of belt (m) Flot belt t— 0.90-0.05m Surcharge Angle | A=K (0.90-0.05)" Troha nt \ The following table gives numerical values in relation to the arrangement of the carrer rollers and the sur charge angle of the transport material TABLE 5, Coefficient of Sectional Area “K" quer | town [__Sectne ane ee] ieee | Sees lens 20 30 Fin__| 0 | 0029s | oossr | nome a= 10 | 00649 0.0945 0.1253 1s | oom? 0.1106, o.1408 30 | 00963 | 01s | o1sie 25 ona | 0.38 0.1661 jane 2] 01m | auee | onrse iain” [35 | oases | ousee | over tag 40 | oss | 01649 | ose 45 0.1500 0.1704 | 0196 so | 0s38 0.1725 0.1919 $$ 0.1570 0.1736 | 0.1907 | o1ses | oie | 01s 30 | onze 0.1399 0.1681 siaer [0 | 01mn6 [oases | aues | roi [so | ows | cane | atm eo | oss | 01790 | aave9 mo | oases | o1soa | 013s23. Surcharge Angle of Material By surcharge angle is meant the angle of the material to be transported when it is in repose. Generally, the surcharge angle of a material during transportation is less than when it is at a standstill ‘The values are given below. TABLE 6. Surcharge Angle of Material Suchen “Angle ‘Type & Condition of Materials coo 10 | Dry fine mera 20° | When bulk materials (coal gavel mont ores Roy" ate tanapored Sy ordinary equipment er orainaryconaions 30 | When the material i comparatnely ge and The adingTailiy i property ranged 5 hat {Re mater constantly loned the Belt ins form and full manner 2.4, Apparent Specific Gravity of Material “y” ‘The apparent specific gravity of any bulk materal is its weight per unit volume, including the space between the individual lumps of the material being transpocted, Note that the apparent specific gravity differs from the actual specific gravity of the material ‘The apparent specific gravties “y" (ton/m?) of various bulk materials are as shown in Table 7 below. TABLE 7 Apparent Specific Gravity of Matera") Wea per mae ‘com [Asis pownhae rere 036 air ame 08~0.96 Pierced ono8 Ammonivn at on Ammonium slfate Dry Ore os Shredded 032-04 Ash "Wood 061 ~ 0.78 Soft coal 0.68 ~ 0.72 Asphaltum 13~139 Baye, ose | 23-288 ‘Aluminum or ons ~ 093 Crushed, dy 12~ 136 rok ‘Common and hard 192~ 216 Fire 29-23 Catiche 16 Carbon black pellets 038 ~ 04s (Cement Portland, dey Lara 1s, linker La 132 cha v36~ 144 Charcoal o16~08 Cinders 068~ 072 ay Dey at wer 1s2~ 168 coal Anthracite 0.83 ~996 Bituminous 0.75 ~ 0.83, coke Breeze o4~ose Loose 037-031 Refiners 0.36 ~ 0.64 Concrete mix, wet 1as~2 Copper ore 192~ 256‘Weight per Wahi per ible meter cube meter Material | om Nate Com Dolomite, rushed Taa= 176 Pet Earth, common Loam Solid, dy 075 Diy rae Loose, dy a3 Wetor mud 66~ 179 Phosphate Fetdspat, powdered Low =12 Pete Ls Flint lies 3 Rock 1a 136 Fourie 13 Potash ore 13136 Flour, wheat 056~ 068 Pumice sone, sound 064 Five dust 176~2 Pyntes (ae limestone and Faller arth, aw, or bunt O56 ~0.72 added 50 percent) Glass, broken or sl L392 Quart, broken 1st 16 Gress 1st Rock, soft excavated with Grant, broken ss ‘hovel 16> 1.76 Gravel, washed and screened (36 su Grpnu broken 128 16 Broken roek o72~o82 Grane Granutted 12136 Basky oot Sun and save Bran o26=0.32 Dev haa ~ 168 Buckwheat osa07 Wer heen? Corn ated on Sand, pure quartz orm meal oes Deja fund 144 ~ 1.76 Coron wed os Mose 176~ 206 Corton oe als ow Sandstone, broken 136 ~ Las Cotton so es 056 ~ 0.54 Sin 021 Flax wed 4s ~ 072 Shae, broken Lag s2 oar Stet ovate 08 Peanuts, seed Sine Len 216 Rye Sloe eramuited Laie Soy bean Slat, broken nase tas Whose Sean tse ered Cake on-oe irom ure, cased | fine 08-024 Irom pyrite ee timestome | soapstone ate 2a and ald 50 percent | saa os 107 om ulphte, pking tank Soybean a7 Drv 2 Stat refined or og Los wer ie Sipura nie on-o8 Sur, hse 08-09% time Toei pits 16~ 205, Quick, ry o¥~ 096 Trap rok, broken 68-17% ited os2-u7 Gipsy on~os! Limestone Hurd 056-12 Broken 152-16 i | Oa~06e Lumps $0~ 70mm Naa = 152 Zane ne crashed | 286 Lamps 25 ~ somm 136 = Lat : Screnings, 15mm 12a 1a Dust tase Magnesium slate 12 Maznesim oxide 12 Mal, broken 132 168 Mr 136 Flake ost Powder 098 Molybdenum ore 16 Nickel ore ir Ores Carbonates and lime tock, broken L76~ 2.26 Suiphides ad oxides broken 225625. Coefficient by Angle of Incline/Dectine Transport capacity varies in relation to the incline/ decline angle. The steeper the slope, theless the amount of material that can be transported. The diminishing coefficient values are shown in Table 8, 26. Calculation Results for Cross-Sectional Area of Load “A” and Transport Capacity “Qt 1) Cross-sectional area of load (Table 9) Note: For a belt on 3-oller carters and with a surcharge angle of 20” TABLES. TABLE 8. Coefficient by Angle of Incline/Dectine “S"” Tncline/Dectine Angle Diminishing Coefficient 2 epee) ‘ | 10 2 | “ 6 8 20 21 28 0 1.00 0.99 0.98 097 09s 093 oat 089 as ost 078 076 ons on O68 066 ose ost 059 056 Cross Sectional Area of Load A’ nt: 1m? Bete Width md Trough Aaah — ewes) ‘00 9, 10, a5 9.078 698 10.809 70 Us41 au2) Transport capacity (Table 10) Note: a) Apparent specific gravity = 1.0 ton/m? ) Soller carrier ©) Belt speed = 100 m/min, 4) Incline/decline angle = 0 TABLE 10. Transport Capacity Unit: tone Trough Angle T [eae “cg ° 20 2s 30 3s 4s ‘epes) Bete Width (on) 200 i 2 oy % 2 3 450 44 4 rT m2 “no 129 0 7 | 3 16 i vee 600 8s 19 199 na . 229 4s 650 tol 24 aw | 256 22 293 750 be se 32 | 0 00 Tis aaa ae 7 900 20s 431 479 sis 550 590 1,000 256 Sao sp cs ae 739 050 24 598 one 5 163 819 1200 16 “| | ee Tou] 08s 7400 39 | 10m ian 1307 1395 1497 1.600 a is] 9s 100 we isa now 2201 ae 2520 2,000 | 1.086 2,288 2.537 274 2.918 331 2,200 a 2,783 308% | 3,326 3,849 3,808 72.400 1379 306 zane | aaa aaa) ass 2,600 1459 soir | aaas | agar | ago 5362 Ee 2,800 2.164 4,558 5,055 sae S813 6.238 3,000 | 2,490. S26 5.819 6,269 6.691 7.180 3.150 2.750 S794 64% 6925 7.390 7.930 ne3. CONVEYOR BELT DRIVING POWER CALCULATIONS ‘The axle power required for driving a conveyor belt “P" is calculated according to the following formulae. 34. Calculation Formulae P=P, +P, + Py+ Pt £(@+ 0) QE, FF L)Wmny 367 6.12 Hr HW 6120 », Where P_ : Calculated axle power of drive pulley (kw) P, : Horizontal no-load axle power (kw) P, : Horizontal axle power under load (kw) P, : Vertical axle power under load (kw) (IF the conveyor is running downhull, the value will be negative) Pt: Driving power of tripper or stacker (kw) £ : Coefficient of friction of idler bearings W >: Weight of moving parts other than material transported (kg/m) Wm: Weight of material per meter loaded on conveyor (kg/m) ¥ = Belt speed (m/min) H_ = Lift (ineluding rising tripper height) (m) @ Horizontal length of conveyor (m) Bo + Adjusted horizontal length of conveyor (m) QL! Transport capacity on carrier side (ton/he) -13- Auxiliary calculation formulae: He time +8 i 0.06 v Where 'W, ; Weight of belt per meter (kg/m) WWE | Weight of reeling parts of one st of err rollers (kg) We: Weight of revolving parts of one set of reuen rollers (kg) te: Ph of eater ror (m) Pitch of return eller (m) @. : Inline/detne ange of slant conveyor (degree)32. Additional Data ‘324. Friction Coefficient of Idlers “t’and Adjusted Horizontal Length of Conveyor “o’ Factors “/ and “fo are related to one another and standard values are given below, in Table 11 TABLE 11. 32:2. Tripper Driving Power “Pr” Trippers can be stationary (fixed) or movable, and the accepted standard values for tripper driving power “py” are given in Table 12. However, it must be noted that tipper lift power is not included in the given values; this should be incorporated into the vertical power under load. TABLE 12. ‘Tripper Driving Power Friction oeticient of ler "and tes vw Horontl Lngth of Conveyor “Bo” " vex wn Teper Tree == Coneyo Conivons ry a 0.03 | 49 | a) Conveyors with poor alignment; tem- 400 | our srsaee 7 | b) Conveyors operating in extremely S00 ors tas Suegh an tnt aay eo Hons at or below 40°C oe = 750 TOR |e | Rumen sits cee gad 7 = = | Rese ia wo | 0.012 156 | In cases where the braking power of = on Noe: Wen (fs as oe than tape gen ate he 10 = = yee Re come eee mat in| | I om 1.900 es fo nossa * 1593 2000 | 3,000 ee en 14and Med ical 32.3. Weight of Moving Parts other than Transport Material “W" When designing a conveyor, the values given in Table 13 are generally used for obtaining the weight of moving parts other than the materials transported “W", When more accurate values are required, refer to the formula given on page 13. TABLE 13. Weight of Moving Parts other than Transport Material “W" $50 00 600 36 790 | 3 00 I 6 I 0 ‘L000 I a 1.200) %0 1.400) ie 1,600 bo 2000 2.800 3,000 3.50 my 324, Weight of Rotating Parts of Cartier “We” and Return Rollers “Wr' Standard values for the weight of the rotating parts of one set of carrier and retuen rollers are given in Table 14, TABLE 14, Weight of Rotating Parts of Carrier “We and. Return Rollers “We” Note: a) For steel rollers only b) Weights given are average weights and these may vary. Actual weights given in manu: facturer’s catalogues or technical data should be used in final design calculations baw) [Weim [wr aae 00 66 so sa 59 3 oe E [as 6s [a es ie ce 5 fae tid : 106 : eur325. Pitch of Carrier “ge” and Return Idlers “er” The values given in Table 15 for the pitch of carrer and return idlers are accepted as standard TABLE 15. Pitch of Carrier "2c" and Return Idlers “Qe ~ ‘Caries ] Reenter co) Pick" Under 16 | Over 6 a 135 135 3.00 135 1.20 3.00 ras | 120 3.00 120 3.00 120 ho 5.00 120 00 3.00 120 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 00 200 1.080 100 | hoo 3.00 200 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.400 Loo 1.00 5.00 16% | 100 100 3.00 1.800 1.00 00 300 2.000 00 00 240 2.200 1.00 1.00 20 2.400 100 100 2a 2600 1.00 1.00 240 2.800 1.00 1.00 240 3,000 Lon 100 240 3.150 Loo 100 240 * Apparent speci gravity of materi. (ton(m®) 326, Standard Bekt Weights “W, The values given in Tabie 16 are generally used for belt weights when designing ordinary conveyor belts For belts of other thicknesses, add or subtract from the designated weight values accordingly TABLE 16. Standard Bolt Weight “W, ‘en wasn] (mum) Pitan | pet Thelen +400 4s 9 450 10 | [eee soomee aaa i too 30 eee) aie 150 aay as 300 Ce 6 | 900 1000 1080 ' é 1,200 1,400 33.0, T at i600 - 2.200 360 2.400 61.0 1 5 [2600 | 2.800 tio 3.000 70 3as0 Ho4 BELT TENSION CALCULATIONS 41, Conveyors in General 414, Effective Tension (Fp) ‘The effective tension of the belt is calculated from the drive axle power, The calculation formula is given below. p= £120. Where Fp: Effective tension (kg) P's Belt drive axle power (kw) 5 Belt speed (m/min. 41-2, TightSide Tension “F,”"and Slack Side Tension “F,” Note: The relationship between Fp, F, and Fy is as follows: Fp=Fi-F: Fp: Effective tension (kg) F\: Tightside tension (kg) Fy° Slack-side tension (kg) u's Friction coefficient between pulley surface and the belt @ + Contact angle (angle of belt wrap) of drive pulley and belt (radian) @ + Naplerian log base Diagram of Tension Distribution at Drive Section 44-3. Tension due to Incline “F, & Fy” In an inclined conveyor, the belt constantly develops tension due to its own weight; the belt tends to slide back, creating resistance. Tension due to inclire can be calculated from the following formulae. Fy =W,-€ (tana —) Fy=W,-€ (tana +) Where Fy = Incline tension of uphill slope (kg) Fy’ : Incline tension of downhill slope (kg) W, + Weight of belt per meter (kg/m) Horizontal conveyor length (m) a: Incline angle (°) £ + Rotating friction coefficient of idler rolls Note: o, Wr and r are ignored in the above formulae 41-4, Minimum Tension “Fc & Fu, The minimum tension is the tension necessary to limit belt sag. between the idlers to 2% of the interval between the carrier of return idlers, To obtain this value, the following formulae are generally adopted: Faye =6.25€ (Wy Wi) Fay 26.2506, Where Fac: Minimum tension of carrier side (kg) Fay | Minimum tension of return side (kg) Gs Carrier idler pitch (m) & Return idler pitch (m) Wy © Weight per meter of material transported (kg/m) Wy Weight per meter of belt (kg/m) When it is preferable to keep the interidler belt sag at 1% as an added safety measure, the following for rmulae are used: Faye = 12.5 Re Wy + Wi) Fay = 12.50, -17-41-5. Maximum Tension “Fmax ‘The maximum tension necessary in determining the carcass of the conveyor belt is obtained by using the Fp, Fa, Fs, Fas, Fac and Fa, factors in the following formulae. The larger of the results obtained from these formulae should be adopted, 41-6. Additional Data 41-61. Wrap Angle of Belt “9” ‘The angle of wrap (the angle of contact between the drive pulley and the belt) varies according to the type of belt conveyor drive. The numerical values given below (Table 18) are generally used TABLE 18. TABLE 17, Wrap Angle of Belt “0 Maximum Tension “Fmax eel Type of De Angle of Wrap Gene) Type ofConveyor] _AtHead Drie | At Tal Dive (A) Single Drive 0 orzo Bre Tees (B) Single Drive wth sub = Conveyor Fes er Fp Fac alley 2 fiers seer) a 1 Tandem Type 220~ 240 Con Fp Fec=Fr Sige Dine wo Conveyor a (D) Tandem Drive 400 ~ 440, Fert (©) Dual Dive may 20~ 38 ee ary | Somry 190 = 30 Downhill FptF | peri Conveyor ite | ek . Non-Braking, oe ae tergenney oe Fehr Faeky own piFieF | iiplePaer | Conveyor lepl+Fact ty | Unblv ace rs pi Brakey Far ingle rso ® Where Fe = £06 &)(W, + Wy i6) — (HW) rc) Fie a © Primary rive re44-62. Friction Coefficient “u” ‘The friction coefficient between the drive pulley and the belt varies according to the surface conditions of the pulley and the material of which the pulley is made. The values given in Table 19 are generally used. TABLE 19. jetion Coefficient “u"" Typeot | Surface Condition | Friction a eee Diy & We 1 Bustle ox-a2 7 Dry 03 Goowdand | Diya Wet 02 fameunes | noe oda ey bo [03s 4163. Drive Factor wrt Values ofthe drive factor ( at —y_) at given below in Table 20, Where © + The base of Naperian logarithms (2.718) + Coefficient of friction between pulley sur face and belt 9: Angle of wrap of belt around pulley (1 degeee = 0.0174 radians) Furr) Dive Fator a : rm aia as 170" 2.895 T ie) 12 0.588 tw | oan ve tia oa wr | ase iss tte oase wor | a ts 990 oats no | aa be oaas dase noe | ae tan owe ass ao | aon tr oan ass no | ts tie ons 0300 we | i ton ons oan so | ote oe 0399 ous aw) tao ait osm ute sr | tos ost oat ous ao] ton ose ones oo: wor | to | ase oa oss aie | too | oats oa oss war | cas | case 300 dons wr | ome | caso | as? oon 440" 0.866 | 0.462 0.274 0.073 wo | cae | oaes one dose tr | os | oa oasi does eo | ae | oan oaao dso wo | ow 399 0230 dose ov | ono ase oaat 033 sor | one 370 oat: 004a. J. Axle Power and Tension: Example of Calculation Operating conditions 1,200 mm Qt= 2,400 ton/hr ¥ = 150 m/min, @ = 34m h =30m f #03 @ = 210° w 236 W.= 26 kelm 2x26 + 28 Won 23.6 ke y= 21.1 ke = 86.2 Calculations 234 + 66) x 86.2 « 150 oe 6,120 la) py = DORE) 200 °, 6,2 P= 13964326 196.26253. 40 Fp = 292620 oo sas4g Fy = 10,335 x 0.499 = 5,157 ke Fy = 26x30 ~ 0.022 (234 + 66)(26+ 780 — 241 = 539 kg 26 x 30 ~ 0.022 x 26, 46 ka] 1,829 kg [Simple method x 234= 780 — 13 Fae = 6.25 «1 (26 + 266.7) 6.25 x2 x 26= 325 kg Fae Fmax = 10,335 + 5,187= 15,492 kg (45,492 12 tx 79 Belt Spec. = NF400 1,200 x 4P x 8 x3 (Assumed cover thickness) ts 100 ky/em ply Output data by Computor42, Calculation Formulae for MultiplePulley Drives (Single Drive at Head and Tai When the calculations for standard belt designing are made using the formulae provided so far, there is a tendency for the maximum tension or motor capacity {in some cases both) to become excessively large. When designing a belt for long distance and large capacity, the answer to this problem lies in the multiple drive system, The formulae for a two single drives system are as follows: Secondary Drive Paley Section Primacy Orive ’ w, Fee (0+ 0)(W, +E) nw, & Fo+ Fe= Fp, + Fp, Note: For a downhill slope conveyor, reverse the plus and minus (h) factors above, substituting them with -h(W, + Wm) and + h.W, respectively 424. Theoretical Distribution of Effective Tension Fo, = Fo- Fox For = orea “(Fe PFD} uy = up (0.81 92 0) For {Fp + F,(e%* -1)} \ Fir = Fp, 1 422. Distribution of Effective Tension between Motors When My/M3 = 1/1 When ‘The calculation of Fp, and Fp, is the same asin para. 42, where M, : Motor capacity at primary drive pulley (kw) Mz i Motor capacity at secondary drive pulley (ew) M_: Total motor capacity (kw) F, : Total effective tension (kg) Fp, = Effective tension at primary drive pulley (ke) Effective tension at secondary drive pulley ks) Tights tension at primary drive pulley (i) Tightside tension at secondary div pulley cr) Fa. Slackside tension at primary dre pulley (a) Slack-side tension at secondary deve ou ley (ke) Fe: Carrerside tension due to cunning ces ance (kg) = Returnside tension due to running res ance (kg) B Friction coefficient at primary drive puley U, © Friction coelficient at secondary dive pulley 1 Angle of wrap at primary deve pulley (ratian) 8, Angle of wrap at secondary drive pulley (radian) -u-423, Calculation Examples Fe Fa “ tee te fr 1,400 mn 33 kgim ‘ = 6000 7/4 36.6 Ke os = 250 m/min, 326 kg a 3,900m 1m (3.57 radian) Om 2m Won = 400 kel A. Tension Fe = 01022(3.900 +66) (33 + 36,51 + 400) = 40,974 Fy = 01022 (3,900 + 66)(33 + 326/2) = 4,302 Fp = 40,9744 4,302 = 45,276 Fy =o Faye = 6.25 « 1(33 + 400) = 2,706 Fa, = 6.25x2433 = 413 (2) Tension Distribution by Theoretical Method L Sk (45,276 + 2,176 x 9 ke GIy (45.276 + 2,176 « 1.5) = 13,869 45,276 — 13,869 = 31407 kg sors pasebary + sath = 209384 9.246 ke 13,869 x Taassa7 y= 13,869 (2) Tension Distribution (between Motors) (Fp, eit Mp=Mze1:D 26x42 45,276 x F, A, 38 keod B, Tension Diagr c (1) Theoretical Method @ oi 424, Fy =nan Fea 40.ar4 F,, 252.385 (py = 13.869) & (Fp, +3140) Je, =4302 C F,, = 25,280 Fy, = 20.998 Distribution between Motors F,, = 18002 Fen40g7e ___aF,, = 56,066 Fp, ~ 22.838) & we (fp, = 72.638) Ly ———$__ “ Oo Fe 402 oO F., +3770 F,, = 93.428 jmparison between Theoretical Method and Distribution Method Theoretical Method Distribution Method Effective tension (Axle power) 45.276 kg (1,850 kw) 45,276 kg (1.850 kw) Min, required motor power 2,000 kw 2,000 kw Motor power for primary drive pulley 1.400 kw 1,000 kw Motor power for secondary dive pulley 600 kw 1,000 kw Max. working tension 32.345 kg, 56,003 ke Comparison of Tensions Generated by Various Drive Systems (Operating conditions ate the same asin 4:23) B= 1,400 mm, u, a 210° 1. Head Single Drive Fay 298400 agra) me Fy = 7588 yo Fnac = 545449 t+ 5.276) SFao00 - sieve OC taa0ai 7 Fy 98480 Fy na0.8 ~B-2 Tail Single Drive Fay 9 30.178 (40,974) = ————meF, = 71,152 5270) e mn Oa Oe Fin 75.484 Fay 271.182 3. Head Tandem Drive Fis = 12.908 wog7s) mF, 289878 —— @ zm owe F,, = 8602 4. Head Dual Drive (ogra) mF, = 60.976 (22,698) (+ z ze) 9 ae @ f= 19400 Fy, 15100 5. Head Single & Tail Single Drive (1: 1) 974) mF, = 50.008 ¢ (22,638) ea a 7, +9328 » Fay 27546 40974) ——m F,, = 40.520 ona care 402) (11319) (1.3191 m4 Fax = 78454 ky sT=4000 stad = 5387849 sTe3180 51-82 F man * 80,376 49 sT=3150 st-73 F man * 56,086 k3 sT"3150 st-2700 S179 steer Fax = 48,520 ko s 3-7243. Diograms of Bett Tension Distribution ‘An understanding of the tension to which a belt is subjected can be best achieved through the use of a tension distribution diagram, The diagram below shows the tension originating at cach section of a general uphill slope conveyor. Fp Effective tension (kg) Fp = Fet Fr F. Running tension on cartier idler side (xg) F, = FptFsorfpt Fy tFe Fe Running tension on return idler side (xp) Fy: Tights tension (kg) F, = Eyl os te F) > Slackstle tension (kg) “ Fy > Belt incline tension (kg) Fy = Weh-Fr F Minimum tension (kg) Fac or Far 4341, Horizontal Conveyor = Fet Fr ee owe Fe = F@+ Go), #35 +m) Fe = eevee oe) a. Head Drive seb, Tail Drive Fe FL-Fr Head & Tail Drive Note: Unless tail drive is absolutely necessary — due to the design of the conveyor ~ head drive is always preferable In the ease of a head and tail deve belt ‘conveyor, standardize the motors and gears in order to allow interchangeabilty ~26-43-2. Uphill Slope Conveyor Fp = Fe+Fr w w, Fe = £00 + 0)(Wi # BE Wm) NOW, Win) Foe # F(R 80), BEF Wen) Fy = £(@ +8), + BE) ny Fae 218+ £0) 14 BH) 2 Head Drive Tas Fre Fp T= Fs Fpt Fa Ty= Tes Fat For hs © When T. Fis ~Fr T= Fas The Fas Ta Fia* Fas +Fps Ty Fis* Fas +p Ths Fi-Fr T= Fi ~Fe Ti= Firs Fpi tT Ty Fat Fp: 433. Downhill Slope Conveyor = Fot Fy Fe = £(€+ 05) (0) + BE + Wey) — OW, + Wend Foc = £(0+ Gt ME Wed Fr = £00 +8), + BE +h, For = F(@+ fa) (M,4 WS) When the conveyor is being operated without load and the effective tension (Fpo) becomes greater than Fp calculate the belt tension by substituting Fp with Fo (= 0,022), Fpo = Foot Fr Ww, ‘, Foo = F(@+ Ea) + ME) HW, Fes ritetan, ME em 433-1. When Braking is not Required (Fp > 0) Head Die : her " Ty = Fy pF; he tas Fath LEA Macon © When Ts < Fac or Fe How, Ts = Ta= Fac rs het Ts Fpe Fs b. Tall Drive Th Fae Fp: Saat ss Ft Fs Tes Fy - Fr © When Ts 2.202 ———. 1,049 —-} 0 + 2762 . ee Operating Conditions Matera taniporea Nickel ~ lon Ore [ura Speeiie gravity Um Lemp we |e [0=20 | Temperature = “ce [-10-+50 = Transport quant uh | 1.200 Motor horsepower KW [900 | Bele width Horizontal length of conveyor un Bett slope Belt speed ‘wien Angle of wrap ee Type of drive . 210 Tall Single ‘Lagging puley i= Drive pulley diameter =m Logged (w= 03) 1,250 Head pulley diameter =m Tall pulley diameter mm ‘Sub pulley dismeter [ Trowching ance of acying ers | den. _| 30 Spacing of careying les = [wo ‘Spacing of return ers m [30 Type of keup = | eerrnge ah =e qo= 1750 2,000 Belt Spec. ST-2000 1000 6.26x8x6 (Assumed cover thickness) -33—45. Acceleration Tension and Acceleration Time ‘The tension required for starting a conveyor in repose is approximately 135% of the maximum under-load running tension, The following formulae should be used in adjusting the acceleration time (t) s0 that the total tension on starting is 135% of the maximum uunderoad running tension (Fmax) Fy = LA+Po)W +H) Gg) 588 451, Horizontal Conveyor Pa = Sack S88 PART 452. Uphill Conveyor (8+ 89) (W + Win) SBR UR LE (E+ 0) (W# Win) # Wh) Pa ¥(R+ fo) (W + Wn) iB Pak [F(R GQ) Wn) * Wen hi] 453. Downhill Conveyor : ¥(@+ 8) + Wind 8 SRETTR TEC 89) (W + Won) = Wan . (+ £6) (V+ Wn) 58S PK [F(@ 65) W # Won) Wr Where Fa, : Acceleration tension (kg) Fa = 0.35 Fmax t+ Acceleration time (see.) £ Rotating roller friction coefficient ¥- Belt speed (m/min.) : Horizontal conveyor length (m) fo: Adjusted horizontal length of conveyor (im) W >: Weight of moving parts other than material to be transported (kg/m) Wo : Weight of transport material (ke/m) ho: Lift (m) a 46. Braking Tension and Braking Time 46-1. Braking Time ‘The braking time (1) of a conveyor is calculated from the kinetic energy (E) of all moving parts according to the following formulae: | oe Weev? | _Q-€v x 1,000 2g 3,600 * 2px 3,600 x 60, + 2 nm? Uy 90 (oy 2 can Wty , Qt «1,000 gx60 _* gx 3,600 Pat Fp) GO, Where W Weight of belt and rollers’ rotating parts (kein) ©: Horizontal conveyor length (m) v= Belt speed (m/min.) B —: Acceleration gravity (9.8 m/sec-*) Qt: Transport quantity (tonyhr) Pp: Effective tension due to braking (ke) Fp: Effective tension due to axle horsepower (kg) S__ = Moving distance (m) {= Reposing time (sec) P Axle power (kg) Mg: Braking torque at drive pulley (kgm) D__ : Diameter of drive pulley (m) GD? : Flywheel effect (kg.m?) N-: Revolutions (rev./sec.)462. Determination of Braking Capacity 4621. When Fp > 0 3) When the arrangement of the conveyor itelf places no restriction on stopping time, the con- veyor as a whole can be stopped by switchoff at the power source. >) When there is no need for brakes but 2~3 con- veyors are used successively, the stopping time (0) is established first and the braking capacity {determined from (1) 4622. When Fp <0 2) When 2-3 conveyors ate employed successively, the braking capacity should be determined from « b) The braking capacity should be fixed and (t) be determined. The excess capacity due to extra (t) should be absorbed by providing the conveyor with a hopper When Py 1.25(1Fp| or Fp-ps) Consideration of counterweight is unneces: Pg > 1.25 (Fpl or Fp-pi) Consideration of counterweight is necessary 47, Additional Resistance 47 Pull-Out Resistance from Hopper When there is a need to consider resistance from a hhopper (as in the case of a feeder belt), the following formula is used: Fh: Pullout resistance from hopper (ka) U-: Friction coefficient between transport mate rials b= Width of hopper bottom (m) © + Length of hopper bottom (m) © 1 Apparent specific gravity of material to be transported (ton/m* ) hs Height of hopper (m) Note: h< 3b La] I Li ne —35-47-2. Skirthoard Friction Resistance ‘When a skirt is provided throughout the length of the 48-1, ‘conveyor belt, the friction resistance of the skittboard 48. Design of Bucket Elevator Belt Calculation Formula for Transportation Volume must be allowed for. In such cases, calculate this resistance using the following formula: w= Qm? + tk 36007 - BF Fk = Where Fk: Skirtboard friction resistance (kg) = Friction coefficient between material to be transported and belt (0.4) (Qm : Volume of load (m?/he) Xk : Length of skirt (m) v: Belt speed (m/sec) © Apparent specific gravity (kg/m?) b © Effective width of skirt (m) re OD a 0 verev i Bp 482. Calculation of Maximum Bett Tension Fmax = Fp + Fy’ +)" Fmax = Fp +Fs When = Qui + ho) ( Fp = Sh qo Where Q1 = Transportation volume (ton/h) v-—* Bucket capacity (m?/each) 1 > Apparent specific gravity of material to be transported (kg/m) € = Effective capacity of load per bucket (-) ¥ Belt speed (m/min) Bp: Bucket fitting pitch (m) Fax; Maximum tension (kg) eyo ho: Lite (m) ho Liftadjustment due to scooping force (m) F; _: Slack side tension (kg) Fy": Lifting tension due to belt weight (kg) W, : Belt weight (kg/m) Fy" Lifting tension due to weight of bucket itself (kg) Be: Bucket weight (kg/each) = 36-483. Additional Data 483-2. Drive Coefficient “1/ew . Lift Ad cooping Force “ho” 4831. Lift Adjustment due to Scooping Force “ho i Drive Coeficient “1/eu# — 1" y Surface] Suface Condition Dive TABLE 24. Patey Sutace | SotDrve Paley” | Coefient Lift Agjustment due to Scooping Force “ho i None eee : Mi Water an Loading Method | Lump Sie of Matera | hom) Bare a A | Shah Medium, arse 3a ] Salt i i na 8 Medium ua Laseed ty | Moy Water cee Gieived | Loree 153 Rubber ete mae oss a0 Loading Method “Wrapped ange 180 deg 483.3. Bucket Loading Efficiency “e” TABLE 26. Bucket Loading Efficiency “e” amp Sue Type Bucket cm tera Tarte Type bo er Umm | ays diameter | Orer Lump Size of Matera Timm | os Small ler 10mm in diameter dames | Medium > From 10mm up to SOmim in diameter aps Unier Large: Over SOmm in diameter fee | Oe Hmm | 960 [ Sameter ~37-5. DETERMINATION OF BELT SPECIFICATIONS. 51. Calculation of Tensile Strength of Carcass The tensile strength of the belt carcass is calculated b) When marked “One-Ply”" from the maximum tension (Fmax) as shown below. Fax - SFw = n- Be 51-4, Steel Cord B _ sto = mst: SF TS): Teale srengh of oneply fae (fom) Number of plies Where Fmax : Maximum tension (kg) ST-NO : Tensile strength of carcass (kg/cm) SFw : Safety factor of 1 ply Fmax : Maximum tension (kg) Be: Effective belt width (cm) SE: Safety factor of ta (Bett widen minus width of edge rubber, Bo: Belt width cm) or 3em) 51-2. Fabric Conveyor Belt 5:2. Selection of Carcass € 2) Multiply: Full thickness of belt pets = Fimax- SF The feults of eaouatons of carcass strength (ST-NO) Be or fabric tensile strength (F-TSorTS) are used to Where select ffom Bridgestone standard carcass strength in F-TS : Tensle suength of ful thickness of car Table 27 below ass (all plies) (kg/cm) Fimax : Maximum tension (kg) SF2_£ Safety factor of full thickness of carcass Select the value one rank above the calculated values obtained, te. Be eifecve be wlth cm) {belt width minus width of rubber edge, ST-NO = 945, ST-1000 or Som) Tes 130 sera Coen cee a erry forsecocset ans, ‘sT—400 Polyester Fabric [Nylon Fabre Nylon Fabric (iveriacore Polyester Fa ee 7” ecco | oe Te | “oe eas] elo [srw || ~ eo | wr ve-i00 | ei | 1000 || — ers wr wwonas | ere st=1200 || —ereoon-a wr0/ = [vets | eraas0 sean || —ersovame | wrsoonce wie} vue [eras st-200 || —eresonce Ca | a st-2500 || EPs00/3~5 NF800/3~5 NF-250 vF-250 — st=3150 || _erio00j4~s wri000/~8 |} NF=300 Ce [__st-sooo || _ePisoors NFL600/4~5 NF-400 | vF-400 i eee poems [rma — | aso05-6 [nro | [7 sesisoie JP wro00 Note: Bridgestone is able to manufacture stel cord belts to suit special requirements Orders should state requted tensile avengih, of carcass, strength of ste! cord and number of cords 38521. Tension Rating ‘The tension rating is the maximum allowable operating, tension (or working tension) of the belt. It is expressed as the load (kg) per one centimeter width at full thickness (kg/em-w), or as the load (kg) per 1 centi: meter of one ply (ky/enrply). Internationally, the standard Kilo Newton pee meter (KN/m) is used. According to the British system and in the U.S., pounds per inch (PIW: Pound Inch Width) a o 7 as : a = = a ce ae [= oe2 m6 ee | so - a ee [ee [ae as [90 | eo { 7 [700 == Note: The safety factor is 10 at oneply indication, a522. Minimum Number of Plies in Relation to Load Support Load support (Wm) is obtained from the following formula: =a Wm = Soe, (aim) Where Qt : Transportation Volume (ton/he) v= Belt speed (m/min) ‘The figure obtained from this formula can be used to determine the minimum number of plies for any type of fabric and belt width, from Table 29. TABLE 29. Lond Support “Wm ae Tree Fae ina Nano Pies ue Fs ee ‘cm as [60 [io [tas [202 [a6 [601 ~ 900 ~— | x8 | 90 [tse [ass | as0 | 901 = 1.200 . neso | = | | «| | we) | 26 | . EE | sso_| 601 =900 : _ a Neto .201 ~ 2,200 | 260 | 2201 = 3000 nie_| 601 =900 yess pe | om) sm | 901100 - | veg | Mag pot jt 8 | NE-160 | 179 298, 468 | 1,201 ~2,200 = [fs [us | as | us | 2203.00 [eo [ay | am | wor | ase | 966 | 601 ~900 vet00~ - [om [v6 | aa) sae) a | 901~ 1.200 mus | YEN | neg Lt | ee | [oo [6 [ms | wor | os | ta01~ 2.200 = [60 [tor Fe ats oon | 2201 = 3.00 75 | wo | on | 39s) 939 | sam | 601900 sco | veo | neoso [- [2 | an | am | 103 991 = 1200 yew egg | = faz} ah | 6d fie | som aeo | — =o — : 18 146 312 sos 929 1,201 ~ 2,200 | 2201 = 3.000 [9% [a [a [aa | tase 601 ~ 900 ee ee (eee amlooon eenalin 901 = 1200 —_ eo 90 223 491 201 ~ 2,200 [50 [ss [290 [os 2.201 ~3,000 Notes 1. For a vol type atagement with one meter einen the cae ene 2 The furs sven above are applable to anangements having 0 60" tough atl tines 3. The figures gon above a standart posile To edace the mune of pes by ice he aug ofthe sim coat rubber between the plies 4. The minimum mumber of plies for belts below 600 mm in width must be two, a523. Troughability In order to make the belt most adaptable to all trough angles, the maximum number of plies must be deter mined in relation to the belt width, trough angle and type of fabric used, See Table 30. TABLE 30. ‘Maximum Number of Plies Peschadeesead Trough | ‘Width of Belt mm ob- Tuinrion | ssn | cts | aon | 450 | so0 | 600 | 750 | 200 | 00 | s000] 1200] 1400 | 60 30 eee 5 8 s 3 ¢ ee ge ve-t00 ae rs Te 200 30 so e160 i300 Mt _ Phe 4s 2 ” 2 og ar3so vr2s0 vesin BEST ay tet: » a eens ae Aeoo __30 2 caleonleaalne ocala 8 we 2 oeseleanl canara leshias = 2 213 4 s 6 1 Nrs0o | 30 sweetest Los I Sl amas 41ee 532. Standard Safety Factor Values for Designing a) Steel Cord Belt TABLE 31a Steel Cord Belt Safety Factor Values Notes = Aon 3) Transported materials have been divided ino | T Groups A and B as follows, taking into accouat Fim ais) EE | Smal | Lame Soult the impact characteristics and nature of the 2 iy Lae the impact characteristics and f the ma Ez | terials concerned, Under 3.0 ‘ 3 Group A: Grain, pulp. paper, chips, soda ash, coal ash, potter's clay, clay, charcoal, 0~ 100 over 100 or | «7 | lime, sands, mouing san Group B: Coal, timber, limestone, gravel, clinker 8) Fabric Belt (Cold), coke, broken alas, sag, copper ec fre, iton ore, phosphate rock, mar et a ace anal cad anese ore, dolomite, sintered oes. TABLE 316. b) Particle sizes are as follows: Multiply Fabric Belt Safety Factor Values “SF2’ Si Small (Under 30mm) L: Large (Over 30mm) ©) The safety factor for heat resistant and bucket elevator bells should be more than 16, regardles of the time cycle “See | Small tare Smal Lage u 4) The safety factor for a conveyor belt to be sd with metal fasteners should be mote than 12, and a fabrie-einforced weft should be use When marked one-ply: “SFy TABLE 3c. One-ply Fabric Belt Safety Factor Values “SF. T a | 8 Fe cay eee | Sat | tae | mat | tae [Under 1.0 3 | 15 “10~ 30 eG Ls 30~ 100 nila fe]. ‘Over 10.0, 10 wo [0 | 1 | —43-532, Standard Safety Factor Values for Designing a) Steel Cord Belt terials concerned oe ee (Material | 2 | A 8 a) Transported materials have been divided into T teen 38 2 z : 3 Group A: Grain, pulp. paper. chips, soda ash, 30-100 [7 [2 |? | 2 coal 33h, potter's cay, clay, chacel owi0o | «7 [er | 7 |e? lime, sand, salt, mouiding sand, ce iment, borax. Group B: Coal, timber, limestone, gravel, clinker : (cold), coke, broken gs, slag. copper ore, son ote, phosphate rock. mn nese ore, dolomite, sintered ome TABLE 316. ) Particle szes ae a flows Mult ly Fabri Ble Safety Factor Values "SF2" S: Small (Under 30mm) ee Li Large (Over 30mm) went] a ; a 6) The safety fastor for heat resistant and bucket oe | elestor bells should be more than 16 regardless Gycecminy S| SO OF the tine ele Unser to) a 4) The safety factor for a conveyor belt to be 1O~30 u spliced with metal fasteners should be more than 30= 100 0 12, and a fabreeinfrced wet should be use, over a0 . When marked one-ply: “SF” TABLE 31e, ‘One-ply Fabric Belt Safety Factor Values "SFw"" 7 A 8 Ba ign | Sta | Hae | Sra | tae [Under 1.0 a fw | «| as 1.0~3.0 12 B B 4 30~ 100 nfu pela Owri00 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 10 -43-TRE 5-4. Determining the Thickness of the Rubber Cover It is difficult to give a precise method for determining the thickness of the rubber cover of a conveyor belt because there are so many factors to be taken into account, including the type and lump size of the mate: tial to be transported, the time cycle, the system of feeding the belt, the height of the chute, and whether the system includes a scraper. Tables 32a and b give standard figuees, taking into ‘account the principle factors. 54:1. Thickness of Top Rubber Cover TABLE 32a, ‘Standard Figures for Steel Cord Belt Tat hae acm: reer Lt 2 a. s 1 | - Mw | ata 1 ee ee Over T2000 6.0mm 2% 60~65mm 3% 60~80mm & 70~90mm ©) Materials Categories are given after Table 32b, Note ©. 44 TABLE 326. Standard Figures for Fabric Belt Time Crste | Under Mate \ Lamp fat Boe ss 21 Lamp Size SS: Minute (Under {mand Lae (Over 150mm Cover 1 $= 25mm 45~S.omm 70 5.0mm ©) Materials A: Grain, paper. pulp, chips, sada ash potter's clay, charcoal, line Sand, moulding tnd, lt, cement coal timber, debris, horas © Limestone, gravel, sa, crushed sone copper or, fn ote, phosphate rock, fore. clinker, coke, granite, carbo ‘undum, cullt efute gas)542, Determining the Thicknoss of the Bottom Rubber Cover ‘There is a general tendency for the bottom rubber cover to be given too little attention, In fact, it is ‘most important for the bottom rubber cover to be of adequate thickness, taking into consideration the pulley. cartier idler and return idler slippage, accidental tears and bites and operation under unfavourable conditions Generally, the thickness of the bottom rubber cover should be between 30 ~ 70% of the thickness of the top rubber cover. In the case of steel cord conveyor belts, the thickness of the bottom rubber cover must be 4mm minimum, the standard thickness being 60 ~ 100% of the top rubber cover. The final decision is made by taking the values above as standard and considering any other spectal factors such as the conditions under which the conveyor is to be operated. As an additional precaution, the final evaluation can be adjusted, when necessary, by adding or subtracting | ~ 2mm, ‘The thickness of the bottom rubber cover for special type conveyor belts, such as heat-resistant, vibresistant, rough top and cleated conveyor belts requires special consideration, 55, Calculation of Approximate Weight of Conveyor Bett 551, Steel Cord Bett Ws = (Ws+ Wp). B Where Wy : Weight of belt (ke/m) Ws : Weight of carcass (kg/mm) Wp Weight of rubber cover (kg/mm) B Belt width (m) TABLE 33 Values of Ws ST-sn0 | T ST-2500 STO. i __sra000 | stam | [L staiso “stigoo | 78 | st3so0 a “stn | 9s] stan | ST-1500 08 st4500 |, sts | a | stsoo | 309 | ce a TABLE 34. Values of WP a tga Ficknes of meres] 6 | 8 inn) | | TRC include ‘i Ruvoe [72/96/12 14a 168192216 20036478 | 6.9) 9.2/1.5 13.8)16.1 18.4 20.7 230 25.3 27. wo/12| 14/16 18 200 22 28 ‘TRC: Tranwerse Reinforcing Cord aee 552 Fabric Bett 5-6. Splicing i w= ek 581, Set Car Bek b A Splicing methods for test cord comyor bets ae 5 od determined by the relationship between the pitch and 3 ‘W, : Belt weight (kg/m) the diameter of the steel cord, according to the formula B_ : Belt width (em) net a) 04 Where ' Thickness of skim coated fabric Po 3ind+228 Po Sis Paar Lotsa 2 Step Method Special Method Where (amos) rane) P= Puch of set cord (mm) a1: Number of pls > Diameter of wes con Cam) TABLE 35 TABLES Value Step Lang or Onur and Flam Resistant Bet Deievin [vim] ooemnin [vm] [osmnnn Sa | Sy | se na | NSO | 0.75 | EP12s ~ = Ly yee [Pstaise [an | 90 sT-4000 at 700 Special/S cords | cae [sesso [at | a00 | Sree ear | staswo | ae] 150] set co | contiren | conten | BEAR sranoo [9a | 400 | spn 46 —Splicing Diagrams One-step method b) 5 cords per one group Two-step method 56-2. Fabric Belt ' TABLE 39, Step Length for Fabric Bel Gee ele = Tense suengin | Tye of Bett tae =o otras imay | tet, | 58 i tialemp) | Ordinary | ettinr | peCant | “0 30 | 75~100 130 s~ 160 200 Special method 400 [350 S| oo 40 700 4 1) 6 cords per one grou | I = lee 500 [+50 . son a... on oe ee ee 47Splicing Diagrams 56-3. Splicing Length Butt Joint Method When Fabric belt ST (L-step) ST (2step) ST (Special/S coeds) ST (Special/6 cords) tan 22°30 B= 0414 B 5 Total splicing length (mm) © © Length of spliced section (mm) {© Margin for splicing angle (mm) S-: Step length (mm) n+ Number of plies Bo felt width (mm) -48-57. Packing 57-1. Dimensions of the Packing Orum Standard design formulae for Bridgestone conveyor belt Outside Diameter (0) and Core Diameter (d) of Drum packing drums ae as follows 3 3 | § é 3a. 8 : VA gf | Nas, pw °. 1 i | D= 1233 VTL vous 2 oe 4 = 03% yTE W= Beas Whece D Outside diameter of drum (mn) 4 = Outside diameter of drum core (m) Width of drum (m) : T : Thickness of belt (em) ee L Length of belt (100m) Bs Width of belt (mn) ‘Measurement (Volume of drum: V) V = DP-W(m') V = 353 DP-W(it') Notes 1. The standard outside diameter of the drum is 4.0 Drums made of either wood or stee! are suitable for shipping 3. When the length of the conveyor belt is less than 50 meters, it may be shipped without a drum, being just rolled and packed 4. The outside diameter of the drum core is normally Note: set at a minimum of 0.3 meters. However, smaller cores may be possible, depending on the stiffness of the bet 5. The width of the drum may be adjusted slightly to suit the weight of the belt. ~49— (1) Address of Customer (2) Name of Customer (3) Belt Size and Length Shipping and other special marks willbe applied as per customers’ insteuctions,6. BELT CONVEYOR DESIGN 40, Design of the component parts of a belt conveyor is TABLE mainly determined by the manufacturer, working in Determination of Pulley Diameters close cooperation with the customer. ee ‘ey 4 » [ec However, in order for the conveyor and belt to b¢ | waieum pues | pt perfectly suited to one another — and to extend se marr | 2 | om | oe ceabilty — we stongly recommend that the belt = este lpracaenlieae manufacturer is involved in the total design of the rypeot | Paley | Paley” | Paley conveyor and its component parts. nee | Paley” | tat | send salad celal e Pulley | Pally pote Bridgestone’s basic design concepts and values in rel | (t"* [we | Over | Under | Vader tion to belt conveyor design ate appended here. We a hope you will ue them as a reference Pte oie 641, Determination of Pulley Diamet Wes ination of Pulley Diameters seem ' Dy © Minimum pulley diameter in relation 19 the ilament diameter of the stel cord, (mm) 61-1, Steel Cord Bel amet a me : Ds + Minimum pulley diameter in relation to the average face pressure of pulley. (mm) Select the value of D feom the largest of the values Dy : Minimum pulley diameter in elation to face obtained from the following, Dy, Ds an Dy presaire just under the steel cord, (nm) : 44%: Filament diameter (mm) oe od Fw: Maximum working tension (kglom) = 20Fw Ps 5 Average face presure (7 kylem?) De Ps: Face presse under cond (14 kgfem?) Diameter of stel cord (mm) 20 FWP 2 by = P Stee cord pitch (mm) TABLES Misimaen Paley Diameter Diameter of] steekCond Pitch | Cond sength icine Puey Diameter (rend) Designation | suet Corgimne)| fm itecort i seesrsone se eins a) : ‘500 : sr630 25 wo os $50 ST-800 100 = 00 57-1000 20 laa 700 571350 : 101 750 [_sras00 el 1.900 aso | s.1600 iho 2.080 900 72000 no 3.690 980 sta.) a | ia Taso $T-3000 es so 4.630 1,350 fees ss [re [isa 4956 i400 cranes eso ss 1450 $T-4000 st 15.0 6,400 1.650 [_srasoo as | iso 1.850 sr-so00 a2 iso | 8060 2.03061-2. Fabric Bett TABLE 42. TABLE 43, Determination of Pulley Diameter Pulley Factor “K* Casification | Serial No.of ‘Sera No of wr [ ++ fe mee | ox | Seer [x Maimum mtr Tas kn | 10K, | ea | | _NFSO~125 | 080 | Emuas 1s Hu NFIso~160 | 090 | EPt6O 135 Dine | Takeup | Snub a Tyre | Polley | ty” | ty NF200 00 | EP-200 160 (e Hed | Tal | end 7 lea qeme | Py | ehity | Paley | Raley neaso | iis | ep2s0 10 Bea [pen | Over | Sir | Unger po ee Temon | woe | oR bur | NF350 140 | veso~ 160 Fate | ise | NEao0 | 143 | vF-a00 sae Nraso | uss | vF250 KS Pulley tacior NFsvo 160 | ¥F300 170 | NF-700 [210 | vr-so0 240 TABLE 44a | Minimum Pulley Diameter for Nylon Fabric Bet ca Noval Ps 2” oe |e Kind of Fab i | a soo) 600} 700300 Under NF-128 8 400 [480] 560 ea] c 300 | 360 | 420) 80 | A 565 | 67s | 390 7900 | NF1S0, 160 8 300° 450 | 40 [6307 720 c 2700 | 40s ats) sao] | \ Soo | 63573807878 > Lao | Ne 0 400 S00} 600} 700° “soo cw 300 > 3787 aso | 525° 600 iat 86s" 10101180 NF-250 B 5157690 wos 930 10 c 335 a sis NF-300 8 650 c 390 | x #75 | NF-380 8 700 c 328 A 910 NF-400 2 ns c sas a e450 — | __ ce ‘ NF-so0 ® c A Las NF-600 B 500 c 675 a 1315 NF-70 B 1080 (isa 790Unit men ” S00 600 750 aso ~ 950 sa Ga 700 650. 800 ‘950 | ~1.,100 5 EP-160 B 400 sso 800 : 400 600 A 800 7 1,200 EP.200 = 300 [ 650 ‘300.000 ©. | 400 300 )SCODSS*~«SS 1,000 [oa | 700 T 900 1150 13so_ | 1.600 1,800 eis |p | 6 | ‘00 | 1000 | 1200 «| 1.400 1,600 TABLE se Mioimum Pulley Diameter for Vinvlon Fab Bal av c No. of Plies one oe A 450 osu 00 950 11 12se Ce 300, 400 son ‘500 650 150 A ar 650, 00 1.900 110 1300 VF-200 B 400, 500 650 800 900 | [ c 300 400 si 600 700 : | a s80—« 750 9s0 1.150. 1,300 1.500 i: 350 aso sso roo) 800 900 Ee a 650 850 1.100 t3o0 | 1500 70 | oe ey 350 700 50 tos | 1,200 1400 ee hms A ee 975, 1,220 T 1465 110 1,950, tice eres (eee ees aes veso foe "630 840 “1030 [a0 ee 94s 10s oe62. Troughing Transition Distance ‘Minimum troughing transition distance changes accord Where ing to the levels of the carrier idlers and pulleys. The following formulae are considered standard, eee ee ee B > Belt width (m) 8 : Troughing angle (degree) € Maximum allowable elongation of belt edges 6-21. When the Pulley Face is at One-Half the Depth a of Troughing. Steel cord belt: 0.2% Fabric belt: 0.8 Contraction of transition distance due to working ten- sion ‘The following values can be used in relation to belt tension at the troughing transition section. TABLE 45. ‘roughing Transition Distance eso Bel tension at ousting anaion | Tosthing vorking tension Under 60% 06 622 When the Pulley Face is on the Same Level as the Carrier tater 7) -53-| TABLE 46a, ‘roughing Transition Distance for Steel Cord Belt Unit: m Pasa 1/2 of Depot Towghing (On he Same Level Casi ' Traehing w fiw foo [ows | ow | oo [oo | as soo [055 [oso | 09s | 120 | 10 | 1# | 190] a0 «0 [060 [090 | 10s | 130 | 120 | u7s | 205] 200 70 [07 [100 | 120 | 1s0 | 140 | 20s | 240) 300 woo [ars [so [sas | 160 | 10 | ans | 288] 300 os 120 vas | iso | 16s | as 285 365 ass | 13s | 140 | 200 | sas] 270 | aus 100 [tas [ 16s) 240) 498 | 2s) 338 L108 | wo [| am | 328 | amo | Win [4400 [130 [190 | 220 [| 2a | ass | 300] sas | ses [vas [aus [ass [320 | 20s [aan 505] eas 6s as | 330 | 4s) | 738 e vas sos] 36s | sao] 638 | aos 2.200 2.00 445 os | 590 6.95 885 2400 | 220 | aes | ago | 6as 7.60 2,600 2.40 [sas [ass 7.00 825 10.45 2000 | 2ss | 380 | ass | ses) sis | ass [eas [nas 3000 | 275 | 40s ais [60s | sso | aos oso | 10s | sou | aze0 [ian Bi) eran [Eescote] atc caiee cone] ee TABLE 46 ‘roughing Transition Distance for Fabric Balt (Nylon, Polyester, Vinylon) Uni Poison of 12 of Depth of Tovphing ] (nthe Same Level as Crier gece we] as Fs al ae [ a0 | 03s 060 € ia os on | | ow | as 095 | at ae win 10 15 : | 2ao | 120 | ars | 20s 2,800 130 190, 220 3,000 1.40 205 | 240 . aoe |63. Minimum Bending Radius 632. Concave Conversion Convex Conversion 3) When Unloaded | | To | Re Wreosa b) When Loaded moose Where R_ Minimum bending radius when unloaded (m) Rw © Minimum bending radius when loaded (m) i To. :Tension at conversion point when unloaded (kg) For Steel Cord Belt T :Tension at conversion point when loaded (ke) R= 167 B sind Wy Belt weight (ky/m) Win = Weight of transported material (kg/m) For Fabric Belt @ Gradient angle (degree) R= 42B sin Select the larger values obtained feom both R ant Rw formulae given above, B = Basing If starting conditions are taken into consideration: rae = 2% (R45) ‘Smooth starting 1.35To or 1.357 180 Sudden starting 2o or 2T £ = 80 °R Where R: Minimum bending radius (m) Be: Belt width (m) @ : Troughing angle (degree) AR : Maximum additional elongation of belt edges(m) Steel cord belt : at= 0.00 2¢ Fabric belt: At= 0.00 88 oeTABLE 47a, Minimum Bending Radius of Convex Conversion Point for Steel Cord Belt Unit: m TABLE 476, Minimum Bending Radius of Convex Conversion Point for Fabric Belt Unit: m Troughing ‘Angle cass) | aor | age | ase ett | Bilin nm | | ~ as ast ast Tiassa «fw |e in ree ™ 2.800 ir | 200 | 230 2.600 uy | on | as { aoe || me |e sin [ee mf om | 7 cig aie oa | ses 633. Tension at Conversion Point It is possible to lessen the values in Tables 47a and 47 according to the belt tension at the conversion point. TABLE aetion of Turnover Distance (length) In order to keep the return rollers and pulleys clean, it is highly desirable to use the “turnover system” for long-haul conveyors or for conveyors that transport Sticky materials. In the “turnover system”, the carry- ing side of the belt makes a halfturn (turns away from the idlers) on the return run 641. Supporting the Intermediate Section with a Flat Roller -37 642, Ls Turnover length (m) B_ : Belt width (m) Av : Elongation of belt edges (m) K_ : Maximum allowable elongation of belt edges Steel cord belt 2% Fabric belt 08% Steel cord belt Fabric cord belt Supporting the Whole Length of Turnover Distance with Support Rollers Steel cord belt Fabric cord belt65, Determination of Take-up Length ‘The take-up travelling length varies according to the construction of the conveyor belt, but the following calculation formulae are generally used 651. Steel Cord Belt LG tht) 5, =the 5,-2G4G4®) .oeq 100 Whee S) : Minimum take-up traveling length (m) Sp Recommended take-up traveling length (m) @ : Incline length of conveyor (rm) f+ Elastic elongation (0.1%) f+ Permanent elongation (0.15%) fy: Deflection allowance between idlers (0.15 G + Length eequired for one splice (m) a Extra margin for splicing (0.5m) Note: The recommended take-up length includes the length required for one splice plus an extra ‘margin as a precautionary measure with a view to accidental damage occurring in the spliced part or elsewhere in the belt. 652, Fabric Bett s Where Ph +h +h) 00 S Take-up length (m) = Incline length of conveyor (m) fy Elastic elongation (7) f+ Permanent elongation (7) £3 Deflection ratio between idlers (%) a: Extra margin for splicing (m) TABLE 49. Coefficient "ff, 15°" efficient bate Elongation Rant, Fable Seis S213 >is Nylon 5 * Polyester Viaybon 05 om Rate) S15 os Deliection Ratio =| tray TABLE SO Extra Margin for Splicing “a” Inetined Length of Over 100m 1 osenon 3866. Determination of Take-up Counterweight (WT) ‘The required take-up/counterweight is generally obtained from the following formula: wr= 2(FTS FM) Where WT: Required weight of counterweight (kg) FT : Tension at take-up point (kg) FM : Influence of take-up equipment (kg) ‘The tension at the take-up point may'be determined Precisely using a detailed diagram of tension distribu tion, but generally it is obtained ftom the formulae in Table SL TABLE SI. Tension atthe Take-up Point “Type of Conveyor Takeap Location | Horizontal Conveyor [ee oe y fearon & : | bw -—— Fp : Effective tension Fy: Slack side tension (Fp - 5" Fy + Incline tension (W;-h — Fr) Fy’: Incline tension (W,-h + Fr) Fr: Running resistance on the return side Fa : Minimum tension (Fac or Fé) oo7. CONVERSION TABLES (1) Length (3) Horsepower — (ater) "| Gapanesey HP | KW ke Mise po + a 1 | eae | omnis |e ws zat] sam el 5 | eo sft 3a 7 aaa] 0200 | 1 - poaes Mile Km ar — + (4) Pressure —t — 1 pa= 1 Nim? Ti : har a (2) Weare osm | ooran | 1] —aoor 0.0625 0.02835 (5) Density wav | ame] | — [ee ass | 028 | _oao1972 | ‘ one \ 7 a9: (6) Temperature — 40 -«0 | 150 302 I * ius |seeni|| ape 1 | ease) ana ce ere a fe wf su | as risa aemoreiliaor ones | ons 1 130 aimee | ape om! Britain Us. = 60-(1) Trigonometrical Functions a = o me (man owe .-. 0.0699 3 [een ons | onoas: 0.1051 | oan 0.9925 0.1228 bona oy] ons o.1s6s | Z “ 1) 0.908 T [ise |erezscee 0279 | E o2rs6e | 0961s | 02807 | o3ise | one [oan [set (8) Angle fe ee T =r ‘Anal (dee) I ® =] 1 [ 00175 t— + | 1 [ 7 61 (8) Multiples of St Units Uinternational System of Units) (10) Fibres Yarn Count (3) Deni ) Decitex (Tex) Count to deniet Factor by which Fei tne ont malped cm) ane 0 ea T ra ee 1 ees u 10 ito t vo! veo | 10 deca a 10 sect ‘ 10" | cent : 10? a = 0" ico : 0" ano : wo eo ; 0" fomto so ao The number of 768.1m (840 ya) lengths of paren yarn requted te makeup 2S (Ib) in weight Weight in gram of 9,000 length of yarn Weight in gram of 10000 length of ya sass a= Where d= derier s = countBRIDGESTONE CORPORATION International Belt Sales Department Head Office European Office U.S.A. Office MALAYSIA Office International Industrial Products Department 10-1, Kyobashi t-chome, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104, Japan Telephone : 03(5202)6883 Telefax : 03(5202)6887 BRIDGESTONE INDUSTRIAL LTD Clifton House Sth Floor, 83-89 Uxbridge Road. Ealing, London WS STA, U.K Telephone :44-1-(81)567-8080 Telefax :44-1-(81)567-2066, BRIDGESTONE ENGINEERED PRODUCTS COMPANY. 402 BNA Drive, Suite 212 Nashville, TN 37217 Telephone :1-(615)365-0600 Telefax :1-(615)365-9946 BRIDGESTONE ENGINEERED PRODUCTS OF ASIA SON BHD Menara Luxor Lovel 6 Unit 1 Persiaraan Tropicana 47410 Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Telephone : 603-7112800(Hunting line~10 lines) Telefax : 603-7112500