1. Haemophilia A is a severe coagulation disorder that shows X-linked recessive inheritance.

Red- green color blindness also shows X- linked recessive inheritance. A man with both
hemophilia A and color blindness is referred for genetic counseling. Assume that his partner
is not a carrier of either of these conditions. Which of the following is correct?
o The chance that each daughter will be a carrier of both conditions is 1.
o The chance that each daughter will be a carrier of haemophilia A is 1 in 2.
o The chance that each daughter will be a carrier of color blindness is 1 in 2.
o The chance that each of his sons will be affected with haemophilia A is 1 in 2.
2. Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails
(t). What is the probability of getting black fur and long tail progenies from the cross BbTt x
BBTt? 0.25
3. In a cross JjAaYy x JjAaYy, what is the probability of producing the genotype JJAAYY?
o 0.250
o 0.016
o 0.125
o 0.063
4. The degree or intensity with which a particular genotype is expressed in a phenotype is
__________.
o variable expressivity
o maternal effect
o phenocopy
o lack of penetrance
5. A visible site of crossing over is known as a ______ and recombination between genes can
be modulated by __________
o Centromere; map units
o centromere; interference
o chiasma; interference
o chiasma; chi-square
6. A nucleoside is described as ______
o a nucleotide with sugar
o a nucleotide without nitrogenous bases
o a nucleotide without phosphate
o a nucleotide without sugar
7. Suppose a woman has four sons, and two are colorblind ( r ) but have normal blood clotting
and two have hemophilia (h) but normal color vision. What is the probable genotype of the
woman?
o XHXH/XRXr
o XHXh/XrXr
o XHXh/XRXr
o XhXh/XRXr
8. Identify the correct order of organization of genetic material from largest to smallest?
o chromosome, genome, gene, nucleotide
o gene, nucleotide, chromosome, genome
o chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide
o genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
9. If the concentration of cytosine in a double stranded DNA molecule is 20%, then the
concentration of thymine must be:
o 40%
 o 30%
o 35%
o 20%
10. Which of the following statement is true about the DNA?
o The two strands of DNA are antiparallel and non complementary.
o The two strands of DNA are antiparallel and complementary.
o The two strands of DNA are parallel and complementary.
o None of the choices.
11. The map distances between genes A and B is 3 units, between B and C is 10 units, and
between C and A is 7 units. The order of the genes in a linkage map constructed on the
above data is ________.
o BAC
o BCA
o ABC
o ACB
12. In what type of chromosomes where p and q arms cannot be distinguished.
o acrocentric
o metacentric
o submetacentric
o Cannot be determined
13. Which statement is NOT true about X- linked recessive characteristics?
o Females can be carriers of the gene without showing it.
o If a female has the characteristic, all her sons will show it.
o All choices are correct.
o More males than females are affected.
14. Which of the following concept is attributable to Bateson, Cuenot and Sanders?
o A gene corresponds to a specific enzyme
o Chromosome is made up of not only one gene
o Gene pair segregates during meiosis
o A chromosome may contain jumping genes.
15. Which of the following observations is most conclusive that Gaucher disease is inherited in
an autosomal recessive pattern? (All these observations are of a single family, who all live
together).
o The boys experience different severities of the disease
o Mom has no family history of Gaucher disease
o Brothers David and Joshua are both affected with Gaucher disease.
o Mom and Dad are both unaffected with Gaucher disease.
16. Which of the following tasks is NOT accomplished by DNA?
o stores information
o provides energy for the cell
o replicates to pass a copy to the next generation
o undergoes mutations that can provide variation
17. A woman whose mother is colorblind and whose father has hemophilia A is pregnant with a
boy and wants to know the probability that he will have normal vision and blood clotting.
What is the probability?
o 0.470
o 0.015
o 0.030
 o 0.150
18. If dominant gene is present but not expressed in a population , the situation is referred to as
_____.
o phenocopy
o variable expressivity
o lack of penetrance
o maternal effect
19. A student observed a cell with a total of 16 chromatids at anaphase I, how many chromatids
per cell are there in Telophase II? 4
20. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the pathogen that causes foot and mouth disease
in livestock. An analysis of the genetic material of the ‘O’ strain of FMDV showed that it
containes 1996 adenine bases, 2131 guanine bases, 1462 uracil bases and 2365 cytosine
bases. Which of the following describes the genetic material of the virus?
o double strand RNA
o double strand DNA
o single strand RNA
o single strand DNA
21. In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals homozygous for the allele causing the disorder
completely lack receptors on liver cells that take up cholesterol from the blood stream.
Heterozygous have one-half the number of receptors while individuals homozygous for the
normal allele are phenotypically normal. This is an example of ______.
o overdominance
o co-dominance
o incomplete dominance
o complete dominance
22. Both the mother and father of a son with color blindness have normal vision. From whom did
the son inherit the gene for color blindess?
o cannot be determined
o both mother and father
o father
o mother
23. Consider the cross AaBb x AaBb. If trait A exhibits complete dominance and trait B exhibits
co-dominance, what phenotyphic ratio is expected in the offspring?
o 1:1:1:1
o 9:3:3:1
o 3:6:3:1:2:1
o 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
24. During the pre Mendelian period , early ideas about heredity includes _______.
o traits were segregated among progenies
o traits can be masked in some generations
o alleles do not influence each other
o traits are transmitted directly
25. Analysis of a molecule of DNA found it to contain 200 adenine bases, 20% of the total
number of bases in the strand. How many phosphate groups did it contain?
o 400
o 200
o 800
o 1000
26. According to Chargaff’s rule, the following proportions exists in DNA
 o AG=CT
o AT = CG
o C>G
o A=G
o C>T
o C=T
27. Promiscuous Patsy (bloot type A) has three lovers. Frank (type AB), Louis (type B), and
Fred (type O). Patsy has a baby whose blod type is O. Who might be the father?
o Either Louis or Fred
o Either Frank or Louis or Fred
o Either Frank or Fred
o Either Frank or Louis
28. What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
o Purines are found in RNA while pyrimidines are found in DNA.
o Pyrimidines are found in RNA while purines are found in DNA.
o Pyrimidines contain a double ring backbone while purines contain a single ring
backbone.
o Purines contain a double ring backbone, while pyrimidines contain a single ring
backbone.
29. Which among the chemical bonds joins the two strands of DNA?
o N-glycosidic bond
o Phosphodiester bond
o Phosphoester bond
o Hydrogen bond
30. Which of the following statement is true?
o All of the choices are correct.
o Genes on the same chromosome can be inherited together
o Genes on the same chromosome proceed in meiosis together.
o Genes that are found in non-homologous chromosome are not linked.
31. A student observed an animal cell with 7 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are
present in primary oocyte? 14
32. Which of the following is not an essential attribute that a biological molecule would need to
be a useful genetic material?
o It must replicate accurately so that the information it contains is precisely inherited by the
daughter cells.
o It must be capable of undergoing occasional mutations, such that the information it
carries is altered in heritable way.
o It must carry all of the information needed to direct the specific organization and
metabolic activities of the cell.
o It must have highly repetitive DNA sequence.
33. From 120 secondary oocytes, how many of the egg cells will be produced? 120
34. Hunter syndrome is a rare form of mucopolysaccharidosis that differs from all other forms in
that it show X-linked recessive inheritance. A woman with two affected brothers is referred
for genetic counseling. Which of the following is correct?
o Before any carrier testing is carried out the woman can be correctly informed that the
chance that her first son will be affected is 1 in 4.
o If she is a carrier then the chance that each of her sons will be affected is 1 in 4.
o The chance that she is a carrier is 2/3.
 o If she is a carrier then the chance that each of her daughter will be a carrier is 1 in 4.
35. Jeremy’s grandfather, uncle, and sister all have been diagnosed with the same genetic
disorder. The most likely pattern of inheritance for this disorder is _______.
o You cannot determine the pattern of inheritance from this information.
o Autosomal recessive, since Jeremy’s parents are unaffected.
o X-linked recessive, since it affetcs more males than females.
o Autosomal dominant, since it is present in all three generations.
36. A piece of DNA was analysed and 15% of its nucleotides were adenine. What percentage
would be uracil?
o 0%
o 30%
o 35%
o 15%
37. A student observed an animal cell with 7 chromosome, how many dyads are present in a
cell during Metaphase II? 7
38. The adjacent nucleotides are joined together by what chemical bonds?
o Hydrogen bond
o Phosphodiester bond
o N-glycosidic bond
o Phosphoester bond
39. In the Griffith experiment, if the RNA is the transforming agents and RNAse was placed in
the set-up. What will happen to the mouse?
o Cannot be determined
o Remains the same
o Stay alive
o Stay alive
40. In the study of one experiemnt it was found that the value of Tm for DNA is= 40 ⁰C. If the
cell has 20% GC at the above Tm, then what will be the value of Tm if the GC% increases to
60%?
o Remains the same
o Decreases
o Cannot be determined
o Increases
41. In studying a virus, you find the following proportions of nitrogenous bases present: adenine
23%, guanine 31%, cytosine 23%, unexpected base 17%. What statement(s) can you make
about this virus?
o None of the statement is correct.
o It probably uses RNA as its genetic material.
o Both of the statements are correct.
o The genetic material of this virus is probably single stranded.
42. A couple has three children, all of whom have brown eyes and blonde hair. Both parents are
homozygous for brown eyes (BB) but one is a blonde (rr) and the other is a redhead (Rr).
What is the chance that their next child will be a blue-eyed redhead? 0
43. Given two individuals in a pentahybrid cross, how many different gametic types are
possible?
o 243
o 32
o 10
o 25
44. Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is incorrect?
o One complete turn requires 3.4nm and 10 base pairs.
o Each pair of nucleotides is held together by three hydrogen bonds.
o The backbones of each strand run in opposite directions relative to each other.
o The width of the molecule is constant 2nm.
45. Recessive mutant allele that causes cystic fibrosis is much more frequent un Caucasians of
Eastern Europe descent than in other populations. Some scientists believe heterozygotes
must have had a survival advantage during plagues such as cholera that occasionally swept
through this population. What concept does this illustrate.
o Co-dominance
o Incomplete dominance
o Complete dominance
o Overdominance
46. If one cell has AT contents 40%, what will be the percentge of Guanine residue?
o 30%
o 15%
o 60%
o Cannot be determined