QN1

a.

i Counseling is defined as a process that takes place when a client and counsellor spare time to

explore difficulties which could be emotional feelings, depression of the client and such stressful

feelings. For example when one is stressed because of his or her HIV status, he or she may want to

have a session with an expert who will help him or her understand that she or he can still live with

the new condition provided she or he takes necessary measures.

ii Personality can be defined as a pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that can be associated to

an individual. For instance, there are those who are slow to anger, empathetic, and highly composed

people. Personality is important more so to counselors who are expected to be composed and with

strong emotions not being too emotional to the extent that you also start crying when the client

describes her or his condition. However, this does not mean not being empathetic but being in

control of the situation.

ii Empathy is defined as the state of being able to understand the state of another person or client

and share a feeling. It is that expression of respect to the client when conducting counseling. Clients

need to feel that their situation is not only understood but also respected. That way, they are able to

open up and be helped.

Projection is known to be one of the psychological defense mechanism that most of the counselors

face during Christian counseling. In this case, the clients are expected to attribute unfavourable

characteristics to others.

iii Motivation is defined as the state that compels one to speak or act rather than hold back. In

counseling, motivation is used to encourage clients to speak their problems without fear. It is mostly

possible when the counselor has created a conducive environment by building trust and being

empathetic.

QN1

b.

In the Kollar’s book, various steps have been given that will guide pastors on how to counsel

people. That solution is focused on finding the solution by encouraging counselee to be focused on

the solutions. That counseling moves form problems to solutions and building on progress on

defined goals. Some of the steps involved include:

Step 1: Listening

This step requires pastors to listen more as the client speaks. Counselees are likely to hold back

when they realize that they are not being listed to by the counselor. This stage requires active

listening which includes nodding and even asking questions that encourage the client to speak like

“how did you understand that?”

Step 2: Questions
This is the step where the pastor comes in to ask questions that will give the client the vision of how

good life would be when the problem is resolved. The questions are supposed to offer new

possibilities to the client on how to go about the problem.

Step 3: Clarification

This stage is meant to help the client clarify the goal in a clearer way. This stage is associated with

words such as specifically, exactly, and such like. Words that look for precision or clarity of issues

being discussed.

Step 4: Close

This is the end of the counseling where the two concludes on the issues already clarified and from

the possibilities flouted. It is the end of the session and the counselee should be able to feel better

than they started.